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新人教版九年级上册英语 Unit 1 The Changing World
时态专题训练
适用范围：九年级上册 Unit 1 语法专题课 / 周末培优 / 中考一轮复习
语法主线：一般过去时 · 现在完成时 · used to（Grammar Focus 4a—4c）
主题语境：今昔变化——家乡巨变 / 治沙 / 交通发展 / 乡村振兴
编写说明：本专题紧扣 2026 秋新人教版九年级上册 Unit 1 的语法主线与主题语境编写。第一部分为考点精讲，每个考点均配教材原句与典型例题（含详细解析）；第二部分为分层训练，按"基础巩固—能力提升—培优挑战"三级设题，共 60 题；第三部分为答案与详析，逐题注明考点与解题关键。试题语境全部围绕"变化"这一单元主题，可与单元测试卷配套使用。
第一部分 时态精讲
一、单元语法总览：三种时态一览表
时态 基本结构 时间标志词 基本用法
一般过去时 主语＋动词过去式 ago、last…、in 2017、then、at that time、when I was…、just now、yesterday、once 过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，与"现在"不挂钩
现在完成时 主语＋have/has＋过去分词 so far、already、yet、just、ever、never、recently、in the past (last) ten years、since…、for… ①已完成的动作对现在造成影响 ②到目前为止的经历 ③从过去一直延续到现在的动作或状态
used to 主语＋used to＋动词原形 常与 but now…、not…any more、no longer 呼应 过去常常做某事（暗示现在不再做），"今昔对比"专用句式
板书口诀（推荐）：
过去时看"过去点"：ago、last、in＋年份、then、at that time。
完成时看"连现在"：so far、already、yet、ever、since、for。
used to 看"今昔变"：过去常常，现在不再。
一句话点睛：过去时讲"故事"，完成时讲"影响"，used to 讲"变化"。
二、考点一　一般过去时
（一）结构与形式
肯定句：主语＋动词过去式；否定句：主语＋didn't＋动词原形；一般疑问句：Did＋主语＋动词原形？特别提醒：助动词 did 一出现，动词立刻"打回原形"。
（二）四大用法（结合教材原句）
1. 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
　　教材原句（1b 听力）：It took half a day to reach the town.（当时）到镇上要花半天时间。
2. 表示过去的习惯性动作。
　　教材原句：When I was a child, the bus took nearly 40 minutes over rough roads to get to school. 我小时候，公交车走崎岖的山路到学校要花将近 40 分钟。
3. 叙述过去发生的事情（讲故事、历史事件）。
　　教材原句（Section B 阅读）：In 2017, the new 480-kilometre Mombasa–Nairobi railway was opened. 2017 年，新的 480 公里蒙内铁路开通了。
4. 用于时间状语从句、宾语从句中与过去语境呼应。
　　教材原句：The land used to be covered with sand until about ten years ago. 直到大约十年前，这片土地还覆盖着沙子。（until + 过去时间）
（三）时间标志词分类
类别 标志词 示例
明确过去时间点 in 2017、in the 1990s、ten years ago、at that time、then The railway opened in 2018.
last 系列 last night / week / month / year We moved here last year.
when 引导的过去从句 when I was young / when I first visited… When I first visited here, …
其他 just now、yesterday、once、in the old days He told me the story just now.
（四）易错警示
1. 过去式与过去分词不可混用：told（过去式）≠ told（过去分词，恰好同形）；see 的过去式是 saw，不是 seen。
2. 有明确过去时间点（如 in 2023、last night、ten years ago）绝不能用现在完成时。
3. "used to＋动词原形"，过去式、分词变化体现在 used 上，后面的动词不动。
【例 1】 — Have you ever been to the new railway museum 　— Yes. I ＿＿＿＿ there with my class last month.
　A. have gone　　B. went　　C. will go　　D. go
解析：选 B。问句用完成时问"经历"，但答句中 last month 是明确的过去时间点，必须"退回"一般过去时。这是中考最高频的陷阱之一：问经历用完成时，答"何时去过"用过去时。
【例 2】 When I was in primary school, my grandfather ＿＿＿＿ (walk) me to school every day.
解析：填 walked。"When I was in primary school" 与 every day 描述的是过去的习惯，用一般过去时；walk 是规则动词，加 -ed。
【例 3】 The old man ＿＿＿＿ the changes of his hometown and ＿＿＿＿ us many stories about the past yesterday afternoon.
　A. sees; tells　　B. saw; told　　C. has seen; told　　D. saw; has told
解析：选 B。yesterday afternoon 统领两个并列动作，两个动词都用一般过去时；并列谓语时态要一致，切忌"一半过去时、一半完成时"。
三、考点二　现在完成时
（一）构成与句式变换
肯定句：主语＋have/has＋过去分词；否定句：have/has not (haven't/hasn't)＋过去分词；一般疑问句：Have/Has＋主语＋过去分词？特别注意 has 用于第三人称单数。
（二）三大用法（结合教材原句）
1. 已完成：动作在过去完成，强调对现在的影响或结果。
　　教材语境：So far, we have planted thousands of trees. 到目前为止，我们已经种了成千上万棵树。（结果：山绿了）
2. 经历：表示到目前为止曾经做过某事，常与 ever、never、once、twice、before 连用。
　　例：Have you ever seen the new high-speed train 你见过新高铁吗？
3. 延续：动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在（并可能继续），常与 for、since 连用。
　　例：My grandpa has lived in this village since he was born. 爷爷自出生起就一直住在这个村子里。
（三）时间标志词分类
类别 标志词 示例
"到目前为止" so far、up to now、till now So far, we have finished half the work.
已然词 already（肯定句）、yet（否定/疑问句）、just I've already posted the letter.
经历词 ever、never、before、once、twice、three times She has never ridden a high-speed train.
段时间/起点 for＋时间段、since＋过去时间点/过去时从句 We have known each other for ten years.
近年系列 in the past (last) ten years、over the years、in recent years、these days Great changes have taken place in recent years.
（四）核心对比：一般过去时 vs 现在完成时（必考）
对比维度 一般过去时 现在完成时
时间状语 可与明确过去时间点连用（last year、in 2017、ago） 不能与明确过去时间点连用，须用 so far、since、for 等
侧重点 单纯叙述过去的事，与现在"脱钩" 强调对现在的影响、结果或从过去延续到现在
问法 When did you… Where did you… Have you ever… How long have you…
典型语境 讲故事、报时间 谈变化、谈结果、谈经历
【例 4】 My hometown ＿＿＿＿ a lot over the past ten years. It's no longer what it used to be.
　A. changed　　B. has changed　　C. will change　　D. was changing
解析：选 B。over the past ten years（在过去的十年里）是现在完成时的"招牌"时间状语——从过去一直"数"到现在；后句"它不再是老样子了"也在提示变化对现在的影响。
【例 5】 — Where is Mr. Yan 　— He ＿＿＿＿ the library. You can find him there.
　A. has been to　　B. has gone to　　C. has been in　　D. went
解析：选 B。"他去图书馆了（人现在不在这儿）"——has gone to 表示"去了某地（未回）"，与问句"人在哪儿"呼应。（三个"去"的辨析详见考点四。）
【例 6】 — ＿＿＿＿ you ＿＿＿＿ the film Home Coming 　— Yes. I ＿＿＿＿ it with my parents last weekend.
　A. Did; see; saw　　B. Have; seen; saw　　C. Have; seen; have seen　　D. Did; see; have seen
解析：选 B。第一空问"看过没有（经历）"，用现在完成时；第二空由 last weekend 锁定一般过去时。一题双考"问经历—答时间"的经典搭配。
【例 7】 His grandpa ＿＿＿＿ for five years.
　A. died　　B. has died　　C. has been dead　　D. was dead
解析：选 C。die 是短暂性动词，不能与 for five years 这样的时间段连用，须转换为延续性表达 be dead。详见考点五。
四、考点三　used to
（一）结构与用法
used to＋动词原形，表示"过去常常做某事/过去曾经存在某种状态"，言外之意是现在不再如此，是"今昔对比"的专用句式，与本单元主题 The Changing World 高度契合。
教材语境：
There used to be many sandstorms here. 这里过去常常有沙尘暴。（现在没有了）
The fields used to be covered with sand. 田地过去常常被沙子覆盖。
（二）句式变换（易错！）
句式 形式 示例
否定句 didn't use to…（或 used not to / usedn't to…） He didn't use to get up early.
一般疑问句 Did＋主语＋use to… Did you use to walk to school
反意疑问句 …, didn't… （或 usedn't… ） There used to be a temple here, didn't there
注意：变否定/疑问时用 didn't use to / Did … use to，这里的 use 用原形，不是 used。
（三）三"used"辨析（必考）
结构 意思 主语 示例
used to＋动词原形 过去常常（现在不再） 人/物均可 The river used to be clean.
be used to＋doing 习惯于做某事（可指现在） 多为人 She is used to getting up early.
be used to＋动词原形 被用来做某事（被动） 多为物 Wood is used to make paper.
【例 8】 There ＿＿＿＿ a lot of sandstorms in this area, but now the land is green and beautiful.
　A. are used to being　　B. used to be　　C. used to have　　D. was used to be
解析：选 B。"过去这里常有沙尘暴（现在没了）"，There be 句型与 used to 连用写作 There used to be。C 项 There used to have 混淆了 there be 结构；A、D 结构错误。
【例 9】 My grandmother ＿＿＿＿ in the countryside, but now she ＿＿＿＿ the busy city life with us.
　A. used to live; is used to living　　B. used to live; used to live　　C. was used to live; is used to living　　D. lives; is used to live
解析：选 A。前半句"过去住在农村（现在不住了）"用 used to live；后半句"现在习惯于城市生活"用 is used to living（to 是介词，后接动名词）。一题同时考两个"used"。
【例 10】 He used to spend much time playing computer games, ＿＿＿＿ （完成反意疑问句）
解析：填 didn't he。used to 的反意疑问句借助于 did：前肯后否，用 didn't he（亦可 usedn't he）。
五、考点四　have been to / have gone to / have been in（必考辨析）
短语 含义 人现在在哪 典型搭配
have been to 曾经去过（已回来） 回到了出发地 ever、never、twice、before
have gone to 去了（还没回来） 在某地或途中 常答 Where is/are…
have been in 一直待在某地（延续） 仍在那儿 for＋时间段、since…
【例 11】 — Where is Lucy I can't find her anywhere.　— She ＿＿＿＿ Beijing for a meeting. She'll be back tomorrow.
　A. has been to　　B. has gone to　　C. has been in　　D. went to
解析：选 B。人不在眼前且"明天才回来"，说明"去了还没回"，用 has gone to。
【例 12】 The Smiths ＿＿＿＿ China for three years and they love living here.
　A. have been to　　B. have gone to　　C. have been in　　D. came to
解析：选 C。for three years 表延续，"一直待在中国"用 have been in；have been to 只讲"去过几次"，不能接时间段。
六、考点五　短暂性动词的"延续"问题（培优高频）
现在完成时与 for／since 时间段连用时，短暂性动词必须转换为相应的延续性表达（瞬间动作"借"一段时间状态）。
短暂性动词 延续性表达 转换示例
come / arrive / get to / reach be in / at He came here in 2020. → He has been here for five years.
leave be away (from) She left an hour ago. → She has been away for an hour.
die be dead Grandpa died in 2020. → Grandpa has been dead for five years.
buy have I bought the bike in June. → I have had the bike since June.
borrow keep I borrowed the book last week. → I have kept it for a week.
join (the army / the Party) be in / be a member of He joined the army in 2022. → He has been in the army since 2022.
begin / start be on The film began ten minutes ago. → The film has been on for ten minutes.
finish / end be over The meeting ended at five. → The meeting has been over for an hour.
close（关闭） be closed The shop closed last year. → It has been closed for a year.
get married be married They got married in 2019. → They have been married for six years.
【例 13】 His father joined the Party twenty years ago.（用 for twenty years 改写句子）
解析：His father has been in the Party / has been a Party member for twenty years. join 是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，须换成 be in / be a member of。
【例 14】 The bookstore ＿＿＿＿ for nearly ten years. People really miss it.
　A. closed　　B. has closed　　C. has been closed　　D. was closed
解析：选 C。close（关闭）是短暂动作，与 for nearly ten years 连用需转换为 be closed；同时强调"至今仍关着"对现在的影响，用现在完成时。
七、考点六　"今昔对比"语篇中的时态综合运用（写作迁移）
本单元读写核心是"描述变化"，写作中三种时态各司其职：一般过去时写"过去的苦"，现在完成时写"已发生的变化"，used to / but now 完成今昔对照。黄金句式：
1.In the past, people had to walk for hours to reach the town. But now, the new highway takes only thirty minutes.
2.There used to be many old houses here, but now tall buildings have appeared one after another.
3.So far, great changes have taken place in my hometown.
4. It used to take half a day to reach the town, but now it takes only an hour.
5.Since 2017, the new railway has changed the lives of thousands of people.
6.Over the past ten years, my hometown has become more and more beautiful.
【例 15】 阅读下面语段，体会时态分工（画线句已在括号内标注考点）。
Ten years ago, there was only one rough road in my village.（一般过去时：写"过去"）The bus took nearly two hours to reach the town, so people sold their vegetables only once a week.（一般过去时：过去的习惯）Since 2016, great changes have taken place.（现在完成时：从过去延续至今的变化）A new highway has opened to traffic, and the journey now takes only thirty minutes.（现在完成时＋一般现在时：已成的结果与现在的常态）My village is no longer what it used to be.（used to：今昔对照收尾）
八、高频不规则动词速查表（过去式 / 过去分词）
原形 过去式 过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词
be was/were been keep kept kept
become became become know knew known
begin began begun leave left left
break broke broken lose lost lost
bring brought brought make made made
build built built meet met met
buy bought bought pay paid paid
catch caught caught put put put
come came come read read read
cut cut cut ride rode ridden
dig dug dug ring rang rung
fall fell fallen rise rose risen
feel felt felt run ran run
find found found say said said
forget forgot forgotten see saw seen
get got got/gotten sell sold sold
give gave given send sent sent
go went gone sit sat sat
grow grew grown sleep slept slept
have had had speak spoke spoken
hear heard heard spend spent spent
hold held held stand stood stood
take took taken teach taught taught
tell told told think thought thought
win won won write wrote written
九、解题三步法（考前必背）
第一步：找时间标志词——见 ago/last/in＋过去年份 → 过去时；见 so far/since/for/already/yet/in the past…years → 完成时。
第二步：看语境暗示——but now、no longer、not…any more → 搭配 used to；问"人在哪"→ has gone to；接时间段 → 查短暂性动词。
第三步：核动词形式——过去式还是过去分词？主语单三有没有 has？并列谓语时态是否一致？
第二部分 分层训练（共 60 题）
A 组　基础巩固
Ⅰ. 单项选择（第 1—10 题）
1. — Where is Mr. Wang I can't find him anywhere.　— He ＿＿＿＿ the new library. Maybe you can find him there.
　A. has been to　　B. has gone to　　C. has been in　　D. went to
2. — ＿＿＿＿ you ever ＿＿＿＿ a high-speed train, Bob 　— Yes, twice. It's fast and comfortable.
　A. Did; take　　B. Have; taken　　C. Do; take　　D. Will; take
3. My hometown ＿＿＿＿ a lot since 2015. More and more new houses ＿＿＿＿ here and there.
　A. changed; appeared　 B. has changed; appeared
　C. has changed; have appeared　　D. changed; have appeared
4. There ＿＿＿＿ a lot of sandstorms in northern China, but things are much better now.
　A. are used to being　　B. used to be　　C. used to have　　D. was used to be
5. When my grandfather was young, it ＿＿＿＿ nearly 40 minutes to get to school, because the roads were rough.
　A. takes　　B. took　　C. has taken　　D. spend
6. — How long have you ＿＿＿＿ this book 　— For two weeks. I'll return it tomorrow.
　A. borrowed　　B. lent　　C. kept　　D. bought
7. — Have you finished your report ＿＿＿＿ 　— Yes. I've ＿＿＿＿ finished it.
　A. yet; already　　B. already; yet　　C. yet; yet　　D. already; already
8. My parents ＿＿＿＿ in this school for twenty years, and they still work here now.
　A. taught　　B. have taught　　C. are teaching　　D. will teach
9. Great changes have taken place in my hometown ＿＿＿＿ 2014.
　A. for　　B. when　　C. since　　D. in
10. Mr. Li ＿＿＿＿ in a middle school for thirty years. Now he is retired and lives by the sea.
　A. has taught　　B. taught　　C. teaches　　D. was teaching
Ⅱ. 用所给单词的适当形式填空（第 11—20 题）
11. In 2017, the new railway between Mombasa and Nairobi ＿＿＿＿ (open) to traffic.
12. So far, the students ＿＿＿＿ (plant) more than two thousand trees on the hill.
13. My hometown ＿＿＿＿ (change) a lot in the past ten years.
14. There ＿＿＿＿ (use) to be an old temple at the foot of the mountain.
15. When I first ＿＿＿＿ (visit) the town, it took half a day to get there.
16. — Where is Li Rui 　— He ＿＿＿＿ (go) to the library.
17. My grandpa ＿＿＿＿ (live) in the village since he was born.
18. His uncle ＿＿＿＿ (join) the army five years ago.
19. — ＿＿＿＿ you ever ＿＿＿＿ (see) the film 　— Yes, I have.
20. It used to ＿＿＿＿ (take) the bus nearly an hour to cross the mountain, but now it ＿＿＿＿ (take) only ten minutes.
B 组　能力提升
Ⅲ. 句型转换（第 21—25 题）
21. It took half a day to reach the town.（对 half a day 提问）
　　＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ it take to reach the town
22. He used to play computer games.（改为否定句）
　　He ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ play computer games.
23. My parents have lived here since 2010.（对 since 2010 提问）
　　＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ your parents lived here
24. He has already finished his homework.（改为否定句）
　　He ＿＿＿＿ finished his homework ＿＿＿＿.
25. The Greens came to China three years ago.（用 for three years 改写句子）
　　The Greens ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ China for three years.
Ⅳ. 单句改错：每句一处错误，请找出并改正（第 26—30 题）
26. My grandfather has died for five years, and we often miss him.
27. I have gone to Beijing twice, and I hope to go there again.
28. She used to playing the piano, but now she is too busy to practise.
29. — Have you seen the new film 　— Yes, I have seen it last night.
30. I have known him since three years, and we are good friends now.
Ⅴ. 完成句子（第 31—35 题）
31. 过去这里常常有很多沙尘暴，但现在树木越来越多。
　　There ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ many sandstorms here, but now there are more and more trees.
32. 到目前为止，我们已经在这条河上建了三座桥。
　　So far, we ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ three bridges over the river.
33. 自从 2017 年以来，这条新铁路改变了成千上万人的生活。
　　The new railway ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ the lives of thousands of people since 2017.
34. 我爷爷年轻时，走崎岖的山路到镇上要花半天时间。
　　When my grandfather was young, it ＿＿＿＿ half a day ＿＿＿＿ reach the town over rough roads.
35. 他去图书馆了，一小时后回来。
　　He ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ to the library and will be back in an hour.
C 组　培优挑战
Ⅵ. 单项选择（中考真题风格·高阶，第 36—40 题）
36. The number of visitors in the village ＿＿＿＿ greatly since the new bridge ＿＿＿＿ last year.
　A. has risen; was built　　B. rose; was built　　C. has risen; is built　　D. rose; has built
37. — Is your father at home 　— No. He ＿＿＿＿ Beijing, and he won't be back until next Friday.
　A. has been to　　B. has gone to　　C. has been in　　D. has been away
38. It's ten years since we ＿＿＿＿ each other. Where ＿＿＿＿ all these years
　A. saw; have you been　　B. have seen; have you been　　C. saw; did you go　　D. see; have you been
39. — When did the old bookstore close 　— It ＿＿＿＿ for nearly ten years. People really miss it.
　A. closed　　B. has closed　　C. has been closed　　D. was closed
40. My grandma ＿＿＿＿ in the countryside, but now she ＿＿＿＿ the busy city life with us.
　A. was used to live; is used to live　　B. used to live; used to live　
　C. used to live; is used to living　　D. lived; used to living
Ⅶ. 语法填空（一）治沙篇：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式（第 41—50 题）
My hometown used to suffer from sandstorms. Whenever the wind blew, the sky ＿＿41＿＿ (turn) yellow and the roads ＿＿42＿＿ (disappear) under the sand. At that time, it ＿＿43＿＿ (take) the villagers several days to clean their fields after a big storm. Life was really hard then.
However, things are quite different now. To fight the sand, people there ＿＿44＿＿ (begin) to plant trees on a large scale in the 1990s. Up to now, they ＿＿45＿＿ (plant) millions of trees, and a green wall has grown up along the desert. "We ＿＿46＿＿ (work) here for over thirty years," says Mr. Li, an old farmer. "We ＿＿47＿＿ (win) most of the battles, but we will never stop."
Because of these efforts, there ＿＿48＿＿ (be) fewer and fewer sandstorms in recent years. Visitors are amazed by how green the area is. I'm sure my hometown ＿＿49＿＿ (become) even greener in the future, and I ＿＿50＿＿ (be) proud of it forever.
Ⅷ. 语法填空（二）交通巨变篇：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式（第 51—60 题）
My hometown is a small village in the mountains. Ten years ago, there ＿＿51＿＿ (be) only one rough road connecting it to the outside world. At that time, the bus ＿＿52＿＿ (take) nearly two hours to reach the town, so people ＿＿53＿＿ (sell) their vegetables only once a week.
Since 2016, great changes ＿＿54＿＿ (take) place. A new highway ＿＿55＿＿ (open) to traffic in 2018, and since then, the journey ＿＿56＿＿ (take) only thirty minutes. With the new road, factories ＿＿57＿＿ (appear) one after another, and many young people ＿＿58＿＿ (come) back to start their own businesses. So far, more than 200 villagers ＿＿59＿＿ (find) jobs near their homes.
"Our life ＿＿60＿＿ (get) better and better," says Grandma Wang with a big smile. My hometown is no longer what it used to be.
第三部分 参考答案与详细解析
A 组　基础巩固
Ⅰ. 单项选择（第 1—10 题）
1. B。问句"到处找不到他"说明人不在眼前——"去了还没回"，用 has gone to。has been to 表示"去过（已回）"；has been in 须与时间段连用。
2. B。ever 问"是否曾坐过高铁"（经历），用现在完成时 Have…taken。
3. C。since 2015 锁定第一空用 has changed；"越来越多新楼拔地而起"是到目前的结果，第二空用 have appeared。
4. B。"过去常有沙尘暴（现在好多了）"是典型今昔对比，There be 句型与 used to 连用写作 There used to be；C 项 there used to have 结构错误。
5. B。When my grandfather was young 是过去时间，It took… to do… 中 took 用过去式；D 项 spend 主语应为人，排除。
6. C。borrow 是短暂性动词，不能与 How long／for two weeks 连用，须转换为延续性的 kept。
7. A。yet 用于否定句和疑问句，already 用于肯定句：没做完用"finished…yet"，已做完用"I've already finished"。
8. B。for twenty years 且"现在仍在此工作"，动作从过去延续至今，用 have taught。
9. C。2014 是起点时间点，与现在完成时搭配用 since；for 后须接时间段。
10. B。陷阱题：虽然句中有 for thirty years，但"Now he is retired"表明教书已在过去结束、未延续到现在，须用一般过去时 taught。
Ⅱ. 用所给单词的适当形式填空（第 11—20 题）
11. opened。in 2017 明确过去时间；open to traffic（通车）此处为不及物用法，直接用过去式。
12. have planted。so far（到目前为止）是完成时标志，主语 the students 复数，用 have＋过去分词。
13. has changed。in the past ten years"在过去的十年里"，从过去数到现在，用现在完成时；主语 my hometown 单数用 has。
14. used。There used to be"过去曾有"。
15. visited。when 引导的过去时间从句，first visited 表"第一次到访"发生在过去。
16. has gone。"李睿在哪？"→"他去了图书馆（未回）"，has gone to。
17. has lived / has been living。since he was born 表延续，"从出生起一直住在村里"，现在完成时（或完成进行时）。
18. joined。five years ago 过去时间点，join 用过去式。
19. Have; seen。ever 问经历，现在完成时；you 复数用 Have。
20. take; takes。used to 后接动词原形 take；but now 后描述现在的常态，主语 it 单数用 takes。（本题完整复现教材句式：It used to take the bus nearly 40 minutes…, but now it takes only…）
B 组　能力提升
Ⅲ. 句型转换（第 21—25 题）
21. How long did。对时间段 half a day 提问用 How long；原句 took 是过去式，疑问句借 did，动词还原为 take。
22. didn't use to。used to 的否定式：didn't＋use to，注意 use 用原形。
23. How long have。对 since 2010（起点）提问，实际问"住了多久"，用 How long；完成时疑问把 have 提前。
24. hasn't; yet。already 常用于肯定句，变否定句时须改为 yet 并置于句末：He hasn't finished his homework yet.
25. have been in。come 是短暂性动词，与 for three years 连用须转换为 have been in（一直待在中国）。
Ⅳ. 单句改错（第 26—30 题）
26. has died → has been dead。die 短暂性动词不能接 for five years，转换为 be dead。
27. have gone → have been。"去过北京两次"是经历（人已回），用 have been to；have gone to 表示"去了未回"，不能与 twice 连用。
28. used to playing → used to play。used to 后接动词原形；对比：be used to doing 中的 to 是介词才接动名词。
29. have seen → saw。last night 明确过去时间，须用一般过去时。
30. since → for。three years 是时间段，与 for 连用；since 后须接时间点（如 since 2023）。
Ⅴ. 完成句子（第 31—35 题）
31. used to be。"过去常常有"＝There used to be。
32. have built。So far 到目前为止，主语 we，用 have＋过去分词。
33. has changed。since 2017 锁定完成时；主语 the new railway 单数用 has。
34. took; to。It took（sb.）some time to do sth.；"爷爷年轻时"须用过去式 took。
35. has gone。"去了图书馆（人不在）"用 has gone to，与"一小时后回来"呼应。
C 组　培优挑战
Ⅵ. 单项选择·高阶（第 36—40 题）
36. A。since 引导的从句发生在 last year（过去），桥是"被建"，用一般过去时被动 was built；主句"游客数量大增"从过去延续到现在，用 has risen。一题双考：since＋过去时＋完成时搭配。
37. B。"人不在家＋下周五才回"→ has gone to（去了未回）。won't be back until… 也印证"尚未归来"。
38. A。It's＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时（saw）为固定句型；第二空问"这些年你一直在哪儿"，对"延续至今"提问用 Where have you been （不问具体去过哪，排除 did you go）。
39. C。close（关闭）为短暂性动词，与 for nearly ten years 连用须转换为 be closed；"至今仍关着"对现在有影响，用现在完成时 has been closed。
40. C。前半句"过去住在乡下（现在不住了）"用 used to live；后半句"现在习惯于城市生活"用 is used to living（to 为介词，接动名词）。
Ⅶ. 语法填空（一）治沙篇（第 41—50 题）
41. turned。Whenever the wind blew 描述过去反复发生的情形，turn 用过去式。
42. disappeared。同上，与 41 空并列，道路"被沙掩埋"用过去式 disappeared。
43. took。At that time 过去时间，It took the villagers several days to clean… 延续教材句型。
44. began。in the 1990s 明确过去时间点，begin 用过去式。
45. have planted。Up to now 完成时标志；they 复数用 have。
46. have worked / have been working。for over thirty years 表延续，"三十多年一直干到现在"，完成时或完成进行时均可。
47. have won。"到目前为止我们打赢了大多数战役"，已有结果，用完成时。
48. have been。in recent years"近年来"与完成时搭配；there be 的完成式为 there have been。
49. will become。in the future 指向将来，用一般将来时。
50. will be。与上句并列展望未来，"我将永远为它自豪"，用 will be。
Ⅷ. 语法填空（二）交通巨变篇（第 51—60 题）
51. was。Ten years ago 过去时间，There was only one rough road。
52. took。At that time 过去时间，与教材"the bus took nearly 40 minutes"同款句式。
53. sold。过去的习惯（每周只卖一次菜），一般过去时。
54. have taken。Since 2016 锁定现在完成时；great changes have taken place 为"发生变化"标准表达。
55. opened。in 2018 明确过去时间点，高速公路"通车"用过去式 opened。
56. has taken。since then"从那以后"，旅程时长从过去延续至今，用完成时；the journey 单数用 has。
57. have appeared。新公路带来的一系列已发生且影响现在的结果，用完成时。
58. have come。许多年轻人"已经回乡创业"，强调到现在为止的结果，用完成时。
59. have found。So far 完成时标志；more than 200 villagers 复数用 have。
60. is getting / gets。better and better 表渐进，"生活正变得越来越好"，用现在进行时 is getting（或一般现在时 gets 表常态）。

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