新人教版九年级英语上册Unit 1 The Changing World第四课时4a-4c教学设计

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新人教版九年级英语上册Unit 1 The Changing World第四课时4a-4c教学设计

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新人教版(2026秋)九年级英语上册
Unit 1 The Changing World 单元教学设计
第 4 课时 Grammar Focus 4a—4c:一般过去时与现在完成时
【学习目标】
通过观察 4a 例句,自主归纳一般过去时、used to do、现在完成时的形式、意义与时间标志;
能在对话(4b)与语篇(4c)中根据时间线索正确选择时态并变形动词;
掌握辨析技巧:一般过去时强调"过去的事"(可与 ago、last… 连用);现在完成时强调"对现在的影响/延续至今",不与具体过去时间连用;used to do 只表过去、暗含"现在不再如此";
通过 4c 贵州交通巨变语篇感受国家发展成就,学会用英语讲述身边变化。
【学习重难点】
学习重点:
1. 自主归纳一般过去时、used to do、现在完成时的形式、意义与时间标志词;
2. 在对话(4b)与语篇(4c)中依据时间线索正确选择时态并变形动词;
3. 辨析:一般过去时强调“过去的事”,现在完成时强调“影响/延续至今”,used to 只表过去。
学习难点:
1. 一般过去时与现在完成时在具体语境中的选择;
2. 不规则动词过去分词的准确拼写(build→built, take→taken 等);
3. used to 的否定、疑问与反意疑问;take place 无被动语态。
学情诊断与突破提示:
学生常见问题①:看见动词就填,不找时间信号词。突破:强制"先圈标志词、再定结构、最后变形"三步走,4c 限时训练。
学生常见问题②:has/have + 过去分词拼错(build→built, take→taken, see→seen, write 类)。突破:本单元"不规则动词过去分词小卡片"随堂听写,重点 built/taken/seen/become/come/improved。
学生常见问题③:used to do 的否定、疑问、反意疑问。突破:给出替换练习:He used to live in a small flat, (didn't he)/He use to smoke.(didn't)
学生常见问题④:take place 被写成被动。突破:红笔标注"不及物短语,无被动"。
【教学准备】
◆ 多媒体课件(三时态对比表);
◆ 不规则动词过去分词小卡片(小组互测);
◆ “圈标志词→定结构→变形容词”三步法示范学案;
◆ 计时器(4c 语篇限时训练)。
【教学过程】
4a.观察与归纳(探究式):朗读并圈出下列句子中的动词,注意时态:
He became a good friend of your grandfather about 20 years ago.(一般过去时)
They haven't seen each other for ages!(现在完成时)
We used to have to travel far to see a doctor.(used to do)
Our village has just built a new hospital.(现在完成时)
Many people used to work in big cities.(used to do)
Now, more of them have come back to live and work here.(现在完成时)
引导学生在小组内完成下面这张"时态对比表",再全班交流(这是本课核心板书):
时态结构 表达意义 常见时间标志 例句
一般过去时(did / was-were) 过去某个时间发生的动作或状态,与现在无必然联系 ago、last…、in 2005、yesterday、when I was a child He became a good friend of your grandfather about 20 years ago.
used to do 过去常常/过去存在的情况,现在已不再如此 used to(本身即标志) Many people used to work in big cities.
现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词) 过去发生的动作对现在造成影响/结果,或从过去持续到现在 already、yet、ever、never、just、for + 时间段、since + 时间点、so far、over the last… Our village has just built a new hospital.
辨析三句话(教师示范讲解):
He became…20 years ago. 只陈述 20 年前交朋友这件事(过去时间点,用过去时)。
They haven't seen each other for ages. 从 20 年前到现在一直没见面(持续到现在,用现在完成时)。
We used to have to travel far to see a doctor. 过去看病远,现在有医院了、不用跑远路了(过去如此,现在不这样)。
4b.对话填空(语境操练):补全校图书馆对话,特别注意 yet/last Friday/ever/tomorrow 这些"时态信号词"。
A: Have you been to the new library yet
B: No, I didn't know there was a new library. When did it open
A: It opened last Friday. I went there with my grandpa on Saturday night.
B: Did you like it
A: Of course! It's the most high-tech library I have ever visited.
B: Oh, what did you see there
A: There are sections with books about science and Chinese culture, as well as a huge section with children's books. I also read some digital books on the computer. My grandpa listened to some audio books because he can't see well.
B: Cool! I will bring my little brother there tomorrow.
答案与解析:have / been(yet 用于疑问句,提示现在完成时);didn't know(对话当下"过去不知道");open(did 后接动词原形);opened(last Friday 具体过去时间);went(on Saturday night 过去时间);Did / like(一般疑问句);have ever visited(ever 用于现在完成时,"我参观过的最高科技的图书馆",最高级后接 have done);did / see(询问过去看到什么);read(过去式 read,与上文一致);listened(grandpa 当时的行为,一般过去时;注意括号内给的是动词原形 listen,需加 -ed);will bring(tomorrow 提示一般将来时)。
4c.语篇填空(综合运用):贵州交通巨变。通读全文,根据时间线索完成动词变形。
In the past, it was (be) difficult to travel in Guizhou. In many places, there used to be (be) no bridges to cross over mountains and rivers, and most roads were just dirt tracks. This made (make) it difficult for locals to bring products to the market or to develop industry.
Now great changes have taken (take) place. The government has built (build) thousands of kilometers of highways, railways, and wide roads. It has also built many high bridges and tunnels. A journey that used to take (take) a day now takes only a few hours. As a result, the lives of local people have improved (improve). They are much richer and happier than they once were (be).
答案与解析:
was——In the past 提示一般过去时;
be——used to 后接动词原形;
made——整段描述过去情况,用过去式;
have taken——Now 提示"到现在已发生",且 take place 无被动语态;
has built——The government 为第三人称单数,且动作从过去持续到现在(已有成果);
take——used to 后接动词原形;
have improved——As a result 总结"至今的结果",用现在完成时;
were——than they once were(与过去的自己比),一般过去时。
(译文)过去,在贵州出行很困难。许多地方过山跨河没有桥,大多数路只是土路。这使当地人很难把产品运到市场,也很难发展工业。如今,巨大的变化发生了。政府修建了数千公里的高速公路、铁路和宽阔的公路,还在大山和江河上架起许多高桥、打通许多隧道。过去要花一天的路程,现在只需几个小时。因此,当地人的生活改善了。他们比过去富裕、幸福得多。
【板书设计】
一般过去时 vs 现在完成时
一般过去时:did/was-were + ago, last…(只讲过去)
used to:used to do(过去常……,现在不再)
现在完成时:have/has done + already/yet/just/since/for(影响至今)
判断三步:圈标志词 → 定结构 → 变动词
【本课时单词详解】
1. focus / f k s/ n. 焦点;(语法板块名)重点归纳 v. 集中(注意力)
【搭配】Grammar Focus 语法聚焦(教材固定板块名);focus on… 集中于……;the focus of attention 关注的焦点。
【例句】Please focus on the differences between the two tenses.(请集中注意这两种时态的区别。)
【考点】focus on = concentrate on,后接名词或动名词:focus on learning(× focus on to learn)。
2. dirt /d t/ n. 尘土;泥土;污物(不可数名词)
【搭配】dirt tracks 土路(track n. 小路、轨道);dirty adj. 脏的。
【例句】Most roads were just dirt tracks.(大多数路只是土路。)
【词族】dirt→dirty(形容词)→dirtily(副词)。"土路"呼应第 1 课时的 rough roads,都是"过去交通差"的关键词。
3. track /tr k/ n. 小路;轨道;跑道;足迹 v. 追踪
【搭配】dirt tracks 土路;railway tracks 铁轨;running tracks 跑道;keep track of… 记录、掌握……的动态。
【例句】Most roads were just dirt tracks.
【伏笔】第 5 课时课文标题 On the Fast Track(在快车道上)中 track 取"轨道"义并有引申,注意前后勾连。
4. journey / d ni/ n. 旅行;旅程(多指陆上较长距离的行程)
【辨析】journey(陆上长途行程)、trip(短途往返旅行、出差)、travel(泛指旅行这一行为,不可数或用复数)、tour(观光游览)、voyage(海上航行)。
【例句】A journey that used to take a day now takes only a few hours.(过去要花一天的路程,现在只需几个小时。)
【考点】journey 是可数名词:make a journey/go on a journey。
5. kilometre / k l mi t (r)/ n. 千米;公里(= kilometer 美式拼法)
【构词】kilo(千)+ metre(米)。同类:kilogram 千克、kilowatt 千瓦。
【搭配】thousands of kilometres of highways 数千公里的高速公路。
【例句】The government has built thousands of kilometres of highways, railways, and wide roads.
【考点】 kilometre 缩写 km;"数百/数千公里"用 hundreds/thousands of kilometres(约数加 -s 和 of)。
6. industry / nd stri/ n. 工业;产业(可数名词)
【搭配】develop industry 发展工业;heavy/light industry 重/轻工业;tourism industry 旅游业;industrial adj. 工业的。
【例句】This made it difficult for locals to bring products to the market or to develop industry.
【考点】复数 industries;注意与 industrial(形容词)词性区分。
7. tunnel / t nl/ n. 隧道;地道(可数名词)
【搭配】build many high bridges and tunnels 修建许多高架桥和隧道;a tunnel under the sea 海底隧道。
【例句】It has also built many high bridges and tunnels.(还修建了许多高架桥和隧道。)
【语境】贵州多山,"bridges and tunnels"正是"逢山开路、遇水架桥"的写照。
8. digital / d d tl/ adj. 数字的;数码的
【搭配】digital books 电子书;a digital camera 数码相机;the digital age 数字时代(呼应第 1 课时 age 词条)。
【例句】I also read some digital books on the computer.(我还在电脑上读了些电子书。)
【词族】digit n. 数字 → digital adj.。
9. audio / di / adj. 音频的;声音的
【搭配】audio books 有声书(= audiobooks);audio and video 音频和视频。
【例句】My grandpa listened to some audio books because he can't see well.(我爷爷因为视力不好就听了一些有声书。)
【构词】aud(听)+ -io → 与"听"相关:audience 观众、auditorium 礼堂。
10. section / sek n/ n. 区域;部分;(书刊的)栏
【搭配】a huge section with children's books 大片儿童图书区;the sports section(报纸的)体育版。
【例句】There are sections with books about science and Chinese culture…
【构词】sect(切、分)+ -ion → 切分出来的部分。同根:insect 昆虫("分段"的虫)。
11. culture / k lt (r)/ n. 文化
【搭配】Chinese culture 中国文化;traditional culture 传统文化;cultural adj. 文化的(cultural differences 文化差异)。
【例句】…books about science and Chinese culture.
【考点】culture 一般不可数;"一种文化"可说 a culture。
【本课时重点短语详解】
1. take place 发生;举行(无被动语态)
【用法】不及物短语动词,不能用于被动语态。多指按计划或客观进程"发生",常与 great changes 搭配。
【例句】Great changes have taken place in my hometown.(我的家乡发生了巨变。)
【纠错】× Great changes have been taken place.(被动误用,中考高频陷阱)
【辨析】happen(偶然发生)、take place(按计划发生)、break out(战争、火灾等爆发)。
2. have been to / have gone to / have been in 去过 / 去了 / 一直在
【用法】have been to…去过(人已回);have gone to…去了(人未回);have been in…(+时间段)在某地待了多久。
【例句】Have you been to the new library yet (你去过新图书馆吗?)/ He has gone to the library.(他去图书馆了。)/ I have been in Beijing for ten years.(我在北京待了十年了。)
【考点】三者混出选择题是九年级必考项。
3. for +时间段 / since +时间点
【用法】for two years(两年之久);since 2015/since he left(自 2015 年/自他离开以来)。主句都用现在完成时。
【例句】They haven't seen each other for ages! / We have planted many trees since then.
【考点】for 与 since 互换改写:I have lived here for five years. = I have lived here since five years ago.
4. over the last few years 在过去几年里
【用法】= in the past few years,完成时标志短语。
【例句】Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years.(第 5 课课文原句,本课 4c 语境亦出现。)
【归纳】so far / up to now / over the last… / in the past… + 现在完成时。
5. as a result 结果;因此
【用法】承上启下连接副词,后接结果;as a result of+名词"由于……"。
【例句】As a result, the lives of local people have improved.(结果,当地人的生活改善了。)
【辨析】because of+名词(由于);so(连词,因此)。三者在完形与写作中常互换考查。
6. make it + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth. 使(某人)做某事变得……
【用法】it 是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式,形容词作宾补。
【例句】This made it difficult for locals to bring products to the market.(这使当地人很难把产品运到市场。)
【仿写】The new bridge makes it easy for villagers to cross the river.
7. thousands of kilometres of… 数千公里的……
【用法】"hundreds/thousands/millions of+复数名词"表约数;有具体数字时不加 -s 不加 of:two thousand kilometres。
【例句】The government has built thousands of kilometres of highways.
8. used to do / be used to doing / be used to do 三胞胎辨析
【用法】used to do 过去常常做(现在不做);be used to doing 习惯于做(to 是介词);be used to do 被用来做(被动语态)。
【例句】I used to get up late, but now I am used to getting up early.(我过去起得晚,但现在习惯早起。)
【口诀】"used to do 过去常常;be used to doing 习惯于;be used to do 被使用"。
9. cross over mountains and rivers 跨山越河
【用法】cross over 越过;mountains and rivers 山川。描述地形障碍的固定表达。
【例句】There used to be no bridges to cross over mountains and rivers.
【语境】"无桥可过"是贵州过去"出行难"的原因,为下文 has built many high bridges 蓄势。
10. dirtier tracks → wide roads(今昔路况对比词群)
【归纳】dirt tracks 土路 → rough roads 崎岖路 → wide roads 宽路 → highways and railways 高速公路与铁路。这一组词是"交通变迁"话题写作的基本词汇线。
【运用】写作时按"过去 dirt tracks / rough roads → 现在 highways, railways, wide roads"对举,画面感立现。
【本课时核心句型精讲】
句型 1:sb. haven't/hasn't +过去分词 +for +时间段 某人已经……之久没……
【课文原句】They haven't seen each other for ages!
【结构分析】现在完成时否定式+for 时间段="从过去到现在一直没……"。注意:否定式中即使是短暂性动词(see)也可以与 for 连用,因为"没做"本身可延续。
【仿写】I haven't heard from him for two months.(我两个月没收到他的消息了。)
句型 2:A journey that used to take a day now takes only a few hours. 过去要花一天的路程现在只需几小时。
【课文原句】A journey that used to take a day now takes only a few hours.
【结构分析】that used to take a day 是定语从句修饰 journey;主句谓语 takes 是一般现在时(现状)。一句话里"从句说过去、主句说现在",是"今昔对比"最凝练的高级句式。
【仿写】A trip that used to take a week now takes only two days.
【写作提示】把两个时间的信息压缩进一句,比两个短句更出彩。
句型 3:It's the most +adj. +(that) sb. have/has ever done 这是某人做过的最……的事
【课文原句】It's the most high-tech library I have ever visited.
【结构分析】最高级后接(that 引导、常省略 that 的)定语从句,从句用现在完成时。ever(迄今为止)是"完成时信号词"。
【仿写】This is the most exciting film I have ever seen.(这是我看过的最刺激的电影。)
【中考链接】"最高级+have ever done"是完形填空和单选的常客。
句型 4:…made it + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. ……使某人做某事变得……
【课文原句】This made it difficult for locals to bring products to the market or to develop industry.
【结构分析】make(使)+ it(形式宾语)+ difficult(宾补)+ for locals(逻辑主语)+ to bring…(真正宾语)。两个不定式并列共用一个 it。
【仿写】The Internet has made it possible for us to learn at home.(互联网使我们足不出户学习成为可能。)
【对比】第 5 课 There be 句型:make+宾语+形容词(made the transport of food easier),两式都须掌握。
句型 5:…than they once were 比他们曾经的境况……(than 引导比较状语从句)
【课文原句】They are much richer and happier than they once were.
【结构分析】than 后是比较状语从句,once(曾经)与主句的现在形成对比;were 不可省略,时态跟着"曾经"用过去式。much 修饰比较级 richer and happier。
【仿写】The river is much cleaner than it once was.(这条河比以前干净多了。)
【考点】much/even/a little/far 均可修饰比较级;than it once was 中的 be 动词不能丢。
句型 6:When did it open  (现在完成时不能与 when 连用)
【课文原句】—When did it open —It opened last Friday.
【结构分析】问"何时发生"必用一般过去时(when 指过去的具体时间点,与完成时"不问何时、只问结果"相冲突)。
【纠错】× When have you come When did you come
【归纳】完成时不与 when/ago/yesterday/last… 等明确过去时间连用——这是本课"三问判断法"的第①问。
【本课时语言点精讲】
1. 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时——三问判断法
做题先问三句话:
① 有没有具体过去时间(ago, last, yesterday, in 1998, when I was…)?有 → 一般过去时。
② 动作是否"一直延续到现在"或"对现在有可见影响"?是 → 现在完成时。
③ 句中有没有完成时标志词(already, yet, ever, just, so far, for, since, over the last…)?有 → 现在完成时。
补充:现在完成时不能与 when 或具体过去时间连用(× When have you come When did you come )。
2. used to do sth. 与 be used to doing sth.
used to do:过去常常(现在不这样了)
否定 didn't use to / used not to
疑问 Did sb. use to…
反意疑问句用 didn't 或 usedn't。如:He used to live here, didn't he
be used to doing sth.:习惯于做某事(to 是介词,后接名词/动名词)。
对比记忆:I used to get up late, but now I am used to getting up early.
3. 短暂性动词与延续性表达的转换(中考高频)
短暂动词(come, go, leave, buy, open, begin, die)不能直接与 for/since 时间段连用,需换成延续性表达:
come back → be back;leave → be away (from)
buy → have;borrow → keep;open → be open
begin/start → be on;die → be dead
例句:They haven't seen each other for ages.(see 用否定式表延续"没见过");
The library opened last Friday, and it has been open for three days.
(短暂 open vs 状态 be open)
4. take place 与 happen
(1)两者都表"发生",为不及物用法,无被动语态(× Great changes have been taken place. )。
(2)take place 常含"按计划/客观地发生"之意,多与 great changes
搭配:Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
5. have been to / have gone to / have been in
have been to:去过某地(已回);— Have you been to the new library yet
have gone to:去了某地(未回/在途中);— Where is Tom He has gone to the library.
have been in:在某地待了多久(与 for/since 连用)。
6. 易混句式:make it + adj. (+ for sb.) + to do sth.
原句:This made it difficult for locals to bring products to the market.
讲解:make 后接"it + 形容词 + 不定式"结构,it 是形式宾语。
同类:The new roads make it easy for us to get around.
【本课时即时演练】(答案见文末附录)
用括号内动词的正确形式填空:
—______ you ______ (be) to the new library yet
— Yes. It ______ (open) last Friday, and I ______ (go) there with my grandpa.
单项选择:Great changes ______ in my hometown since 2015. 
A. have taken place B. were taken place C. took place D. have been taken place
句型转换:He used to walk to school. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
______ he ______ to walk to school No, he .
汉译英:过去要花一天的路程,现在只需要几个小时。
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