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Unit 2 Hobbies 语法讲义——实义动词的一般现在时
一、使用场景
我们用一般现在时谈论以下三类事情：
使用场景 中文含义 教材例句
1. things that we often do 我们经常做的事 Daniel often visits science museums. 丹尼尔经常参观科学博物馆。
2. things that are always true 永远真实的事 Science changes people's lives. 科学改变人们的生活。
3. things that are true now 现在真实的事 Daniel likes to take things apart. 丹尼尔喜欢把东西拆开。
【口诀】经常做、总如此、现在是，一般现在时记心间。
【即时小练】
用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
① Daniel ______ (visit) science museums every month.
② Science ______ (change) people's lives.
③ Millie ______ (love) reading very much.
④ Kitty ______ (dance) for half an hour every day.
⑤ My dad ______ (love) swimming and always ______ (go) swimming with me.
【答案】① visits ② changes ③ loves ④ dances ⑤ loves; goes
二、第三人称单数动词变化规则
当主语是 he、she、it 或第三人称单数（如 Daniel、my mum）时，实义动词要加 -s 或 -es，但有一些特殊情况。
动词类型 变化规则 例词
大多数动词 直接加 -s like → likes；play → plays
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词 变 y 为 i，再加 -es study → studies；fly → flies
以 ch、sh、ss 或 x 结尾的动词 加 -es watch → watches；wash → washes；dress → dresses；fix → fixes
以“辅音字母 + o”结尾的动词 加 -es go → goes；do → does
【口诀】一般动词直接加 s；辅音加 y，变 y 为 i 再加 es；ch、sh、ss、x 后加 es；辅音加 o 也加 es。
【即时小练】
写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。
① fly → __________
② watch → __________
③ study → __________
④ go → __________
⑤ fix → __________
【答案】① flies ② watches ③ studies ④ goes ⑤ fixes
三、否定句与疑问句
构成否定句和疑问句时要借助助动词 do 或 does：
· 与 I、you、we、they 连用时用 do；
· 与 he、she、it 连用时用 does。
· 否定形式：do not = don't；does not = doesn't。
句式 I / You / We / They He / She / It
肯定句 I/You/We/They like sport. He/She/It likes sport.
否定句 I/You/We/They do not (don't) like sport. He/She/It does not (doesn't) like sport.
一般疑问句 Do I/you/we/they like sport Does he/she/it like sport
肯定回答 Yes, I/you/we/they do. Yes, he/she/it does.
否定回答 No, I/you/we/they do not (don't). No, he/she/it does not (doesn't).
【特别强调】疑问句和否定句中用了 Do、Does、don't、doesn't 之后，句中的实义动词必须还原为原形，不能再加 -s 或 -es。
【例句】
① —Do you like art 你喜欢美术吗？—No, I don't. 不，我不喜欢。
② —Does Millie like swimming 米莉喜欢游泳吗？—Yes, she does. 是的，她喜欢。
③ My mum doesn't like swimming. 我妈妈不喜欢游泳。
【即时小练】
① I like sport.（改为否定句）________________________________________
② He likes reading.（改为一般疑问句）________________________________________
③ —Do Sandy and Kitty enjoy listening to music —Yes, ______ ______.
④ She doesn't ______ (watch) football matches.
⑤ —______ Daniel ______ (go) to the science museum —Yes, he does.
【答案】① I do not (don't) like sport. ② Does he like reading ③ they do ④ watch ⑤ Does; go
四、本单元高频动词短语搭配
动词短语 中文含义 例句
go swimming / go jogging 去游泳 / 去慢跑 I go swimming every week. 我每周去游泳。
play football 踢足球 Simon plays football every week. 西蒙每周踢足球。
play the piano 弹钢琴 She plays the piano after school. 她放学后弹钢琴。
read books 读书 Daniel reads many science books. 丹尼尔读很多科学书籍。
visit museums 参观博物馆 Daniel often visits science museums. 丹尼尔经常参观科学博物馆。
watch matches 观看比赛 He also watches football matches. 他还观看足球比赛。
fly a kite 放风筝 Sometimes he flies a kite in the park. 有时他在公园里放风筝。
listen to music 听音乐 Sandy and Kitty enjoy listening to music. 桑迪和基蒂喜欢听音乐。
【特别提醒】go 后接表示运动的 -ing 形式（go swimming / go jogging）；play 后接球类运动时不加 the，接乐器时要加 the（play the piano）。
【即时小练】
① I go ______ (swim) every week.
② David sometimes ______ (fly) a kite in the park.
③ They often ______ (read) books in the evening.
④ Daniel often ______ (visit) science museums.
⑤ She plays ______ piano very well.（填冠词）
【答案】① swimming ② flies ③ read ④ visits ⑤ the
五、常见易错点
易错点1：主语是第三人称单数时，动词漏加 -s 或 -es。
错：He like swimming. 正：He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
易错点2：does 后面动词没有还原为原形。
错：Does she likes painting 正：Does she like painting 她喜欢画画吗？
易错点3：don't 与 doesn't 混用。
错：They doesn't play football. 正：They don't play football. 他们不踢足球。
错：My mum don't like swimming. 正：My mum doesn't like swimming. 我妈妈不喜欢游泳。
易错点4：like 后面动词形式错误。like 后接 to do 或 doing，不接动词原形。
错：I like swim. 正：I like swimming. / I like to swim. 我喜欢游泳。
易错点5：简略回答中 do 与 does 不对应问句。
错：—Does he like reading —Yes, he do. 正：—Yes, he does. 是的，他喜欢。
【即时小练】
下列各句均有一处错误，请改正。
① He like swimming. ________________________________________
② Does she likes painting ________________________________________
③ They doesn't play football. ________________________________________
④ My mum don't like swimming. ________________________________________
⑤ I like swim in summer. ________________________________________
【答案】① He likes swimming. ② Does she like painting ③ They don't play football. ④ My mum doesn't like swimming. ⑤ I like swimming / to swim in summer.

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