资源简介

UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION
Reading and Thinking教学设计
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　
教学目标与核心素养:
知识目标:通过主题文章阅读,快速获取语篇内容,梳理故事发展脉络。
能力目标:学生能够结合语篇内容,表达自己的观点。
情感目标:放眼未来,有兴趣探讨未来危机对生活的影响。
教学重难点:
教学重点:引导学生观察并掌握语篇的文本结构特点,指导学生快速有效地获取信息。
教学难点:引导学生结合语篇内容与自己的认知,对人类与机器人的关系展开初步探讨。
课前准备:多媒体,黑板,粉笔。
教学过程:
一、Pre-class
1.Greeting
2.Leading-in
教师活动:引导学生观察并讨论主题图。教师呈现单元主题图,鼓励学生说出对图片的印象。
What do you see in the picture
What does the picture remind you of
Answers:I can see an illustration of some modern towers and many skyscrapers,one of which looks like landing pads and docking places for spaceships.There is also a spaceship jetting across the top of the page.Some of the shapes of the buildings and the materials remind me of some modern buildings I have seen in cities like Beijing and Shanghai.
Are you looking forward to living in the future/science fiction world Why or why not
What is science fiction
Answers:Science fiction,abbreviation SF or sci-fi,is a form of fiction that deals principally with the impact of actual or imagined science upon society or individuals.
Have you read any science fiction Do you enjoy them Why or why not
Answers:Yes,I have read some.These stories often contain scientific devices that we do not have now,and technologies that seem impossible,such as time travel.The characters may have bodies,cultures,and backgrounds that are very different from our own.The themes often include space exploration,alien contact,AI,and the future of humans,etc.
二、While-class
1.学生活动:学生针对活动1中的问题展开讨论。
·What is a domestic robot Name some domestic robots you know or used.
Answers:Robots are most commonly used today in factories to make things.There are a few robots which are being used in shops and at home,but for the most part they appear to be information providers,educational toys,or housecleaners.
·How do robots already help humans today
·What effect could robots bring to our lives Is it good or bad Why
Answers:There has been a lot of work to design domestic robots lately,and they may soon be a reality.Many of these robots are being designed for the handicapped or the elderly.For example,a handicapped person or an elderly person who has trouble moving around the house could be helped by a robot.The robot can also cook and feed people when they need help.
2.教师活动:教师引导学生阅读语篇标题,预测文章的内容。
Whose satisfaction do you think will be guaranteed
What does the word “adapted” mean
How are robots usually described in science fiction
Will there be a robot in this novel What type of robot will it be
3.学生活动:阅读文章完成活动2。并在文章中进行标注。阅读文章之后,完成活动5韦恩图的信息填写,掌握对机器人和人类异同的描述。
4.学生活动:小组讨论构思故事结尾,并独立完成活动3中的续写。
教师可以鼓励学生从不同视角续写结尾,如happy ending、surprising ending、sad ending等,也可以通过下列问题引导学生思考。
What would happen next in the party Was it a success What would happen to Claire Was she eventually satisfied What would happen to Tony Did he pass the test in the experiment
5.学生活动:学生完成写作活动,与同伴交换作品,互相评价,检查故事的逻辑性和合理性,同时收获更多的写作建议。
6.学生活动:学生完成活动4中的表格。
Occasion Claire... Occasion Claire...
1.before he arrived disliked him 5.when he helped her talk to the saleswoman called him a dear
2.when she first saw him was alarmed 6.when she fell and Tony caught and held her felt his warmth
3.when Tony asked if he should help her get dressed felt embarrassed 7.after the ladies saw Tony holding her and speaking to her lovingly through the window felt being envied
4.when Tony offered sympathy to her admired him 8.after she remembered he was just a machine and shouted,“Leave me alone! ” cried all night
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　
三、After-class
学生活动:学生分成两组,以Relationship with Robots:Good or Bad for Humans 为题,根据活动6的问题展开辩论。
发言时间:正反方轮流发言,每次不超过3分钟。
发言构成:Opening statement、Position (观点)、Arguments、Conclusion
注意事项:发言者应当观点明确、论据充分、逻辑清晰、声音洪亮、语速适中、节奏明快,同时注意使用非语言手段增强感染力。对方成员仔细听并记录发言方的疏漏或矛盾之处。
四、Homework
看一部科幻电影并摘录相关词句。
Learning About Language教学设计
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　
教学目标与核心素养:
知识目标:理解并掌握被动语态及其各种变形。
能力目标:能够熟练运用被动语态。
情感目标:培养学生学习语法的兴趣。
教学重难点:
教学重点:能够熟练运用被动语态,理解关于被动语态的特殊用法。
教学难点:培养学生学习语法的兴趣。
课前准备:多媒体,黑板,粉笔。
教学过程:
一、Pre-class
1.Greeting
2.Leading-in
学生活动:
1.学生在老师的引导下复习本节课的单词,并完成活动1中的练习。通过英文释义和句子重构加深对所学词汇的理解。学生根据英文释义从Reading and Thinking板块的语篇中找出对应的词汇进行替换。教师重点解释第五句。其中charge是熟词生义,presume是非课标词。该句包含主语从句、省略句和状语从句。
2.学生利用活动1中的词汇回答问题,既回顾了小说情节,又在语境中运用了词汇。
Why did Claire begin to trust Tony
What do you think is the most important factor that helps you to earn people’s trust
Answers:Tony always treated Claire with dignity,and Claire gradually admired his wisdom and integrity.Therefore,she began to trust him.For me,those who are honest and sincere are more likely to win my trust.
Why do you think though it was completely innocent,Claire still felt guilty when she was discovered by Gladys
Answers:Obviously,Claire was innocent of cheating on her husband,yet she did follow all Tony’s instructions and tend to rely on him emotionally,which showed that her attitude and feelings changed greatly.I believe that’s why she felt guilty somehow.
二、While-class
1.学生完成活动2,辨析词义,匹配释义。教师利用字典、报纸等提供相应语境或例句。学生进行翻译,在理解的基础上辨析词义。
Tourism is critical to the area,for it is a major source of income.
According to the latest policy,children and senior citizens travel at half fare.
Working at the coal mine,he received his wage on Fridays.
At the end of the year,you are to receive a Christmas bonus ranging from $50 to $100.
2.学生完成活动3,在语篇中综合运用所学单词和词块。学生阅读语篇,获取主旨大意。学生再次阅读语篇,完成填空,结对核对答案。学生判断语篇作者的观点态度,并使用相关词汇表达个人观点。教师可以在此提问,引导学生思考人类对机器人或人工智能的态度,为单元项目活动的产出作铺垫。
How do people feel about AI robots looking more like a human than a machine
What are people’s attitudes towards more and more intelligent robots
Do you agree that Sophia should be given citizenship Why or why not
3.学生完成Review useful structures 部分的活动1,找出文本中的被动语态。
Answers:was going to be tested out;to be harmed;was being looked after;was being offered;was not allowed;was being treated badly;to be discovered by her;was being completely transformed
老师可以提问学生:Why is the passive voice used
Answers:The passive voice is used to focus on the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action.It is used when we don’t know the performer,or the performer is unimportant (and therefore omitted),or the performer is to be highlighted (and therefore placed toward the end).
4.学生完成Review useful structures 部分的活动2, 在具体的语境中使用被动语态。完成练习后,师生核对答案,学生翻译句子。
Suggested Answers:
1.be undone　木已成舟。
2.was elected　珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。
3.be added　蛋糕料里需要加入两百克面粉。
4.was built/will be built　一个拥有三千座位,供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建成/将在十一月建成。
5.has been improved　自从采用了新软件,工作效率就被提升了。
6.is allowed　经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。
7.be invited　我很荣幸能被邀请在本次国际AI大会上发言。
8.was being discussed　我进会议室的时候发现正在讨论销售员的薪水。
9.be admitted　使用转换为盲文的高考试卷,一位高中的视障学生考取了630分(总分650)。他有望被一所名校录取。
5.学生完成活动3,体会被动语态在图书简介中的语用功能。
Answers:is regarded;explored/represented;written;was translated;represents;is recruited;has been set up;gets caught up;connected;be discovered
学生完成填空。教师通过提问、复述来检查学生对句子的理解,并强调核心动词的用法。需要特别关注的是第一段的首句。此句结构相对复杂,涉及被动语态、主语补足语、定语从句。
学生再次阅读语篇,根据语篇类型,分析作者的写作目的和写作逻辑。
Why does the author write this passage How does he/she convey his/her purpose
Answers:The passage is a book introduction to the sci-fi novel The Three-Body Problem,written by Chinese writer Liu Cixin.With The Three-Body Problem,the writer intends to tell us how our future can be freely imagined and represented in science fiction.
The first paragraph tells about the book’s writer and translator and introduces its influence and achievement.The second paragraph contains a very brief summary of the book’s beginning,which is aimed to arouse readers’ curiosity.
三、After-class
学生阅读Workbook部分 Using Structures板块中活动3里的语篇,归纳优秀的图书简介所具备的优点以及行文特点(被动语态)。教师可提问:
After reading the two book introductions,do you want to read the book Why or why not What are the good qualities represented in these introductions
四、Summary
老师根据课堂内容,总结课上所学语法。
五、Homework
总结被动语态的用法并完成相关习题。
Using Language 教学设计
教学目标与核心素养:
知识目标:指导学生通过阅读科幻小说,大胆想象编写科幻故事。
能力目标:指导学生写一篇科幻故事。
情感目标:激发学生阅读科幻文学的兴趣。
教学重难点:
教学重点:运用学到的写作技巧完成写作任务。
教学难点:引导学生品鉴科幻小说。
课前准备:多媒体,黑板,粉笔。
教学过程:
一、Pre-class
1.Greeting
2.Leading-in
教师活动:教师通过问问题激发学生的兴趣。
What would you do if you could time travel
Answer:If I could time travel,I could see the results of my actions or other people’s actions,and if the results were bad,I could travel back to the present time,too,and then take another course of action that had a better outcome.But I must learn not to depend on time travel and I will choose the most important moment to return and not to change others’ fates without consideration.
教师简要介绍作品背景和作者,引导学生观察教材中的图片,思考以下问题。
Open questions:
Look at the portrait.Who is he
Look at the pictures on pages 8 and 9.What does the Time Machine look like How is it different from what you expected
二、While-class
1.学生快速阅读语篇完成活动2。教师要帮助学生们进行梳理。
2.学生活动:学生精读语篇,完成活动3。
Suggested Answers:
1.He saw the clock move forwards.
2.He felt strange and unpleasant.He uses the simile,“It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road.”
3.If he stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else,they would be forced together and explode like a bomb.
4.In some mud in the rain.
3.学生活动:讨论活动4中的问题。根据问题提示,口头续编故事结尾。
What date do you think it is when the Time Traveller finally stops
What do you think is different about that time from the time he left
Who or what do you think the Time Traveller will meet
What adventures do you think he will have in the future
Do you think he will ever return to his own time
Answers:The Time Traveller stops in the year 802701.The whole earth looks like a garden with beautiful,happy people called Eloi who play all the time,but this hides a horrible truth:there is a whole world of people called Morlocks who live underground in a dark,mechanised society who use the Eloi as a source of food.The Time Traveller meets an Eloi woman and falls in love with her.The Time Traveller and the Eloi woman are attacked by Morlocks.He is able to escape,but he loses contact with the woman and perhaps she is killed.The Morlocks then steal the Time Machine and use it as bait to capture and kill the Time Traveller.However,once he is in the Time Machine,he pulls the lever and begins to travel in time again and is able to make his escape.He travels 30 million years into the future to see the sun cool and the earth turn into a lifeless planet.He then travels back to the time from where he started out,only to find that three hours have passed.
4.学生活动:结合活动5当中的问题,就如何深化自创故事的现实意义展开讨论。学生分组讨论,随后着手自己的科幻小说写作。
三、After-class
　学生完成故事初稿。小组采取“文学圈”(Literature Circles)的形式,根据科幻作品的特点逐一评价组内作品并进行修改。
第一步:组员分工,设置不同身份与工作任务,包括组织者(负责组织小组讨论)、科学家(专注习作中的科学现象)、哲学家(专注习作中涉及文化、哲理等方面的内容)、文学家(专注习作中文学修辞手法的应用)和语言学家(帮助组员减少语言错误,完善语言表达)等。
第二步:根据各自的身份与角色,逐一对作品进行阅读分析,提出修改完善作品的意见。
每组推选一篇作品进行展示,师生共同点评,可就故事的新颖性、语言的感染力等对作品进行多角度的评价。各组根据评价进一步完善作品。
四、Summary
总结写想象类作文的方法。
五、Homework
课下复习本节课所学写作方法。
学案设计参考
Reading and Thinking学案设计
词汇积淀·素养初探
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　科幻小说
2.get a 　　　 得到奖金
3.his wisdom and 　　　 他的智慧和正直
4.treat sb with 　　　 尊敬地对待某人
5.have an 　　　 有个约会
6.paint 　　　 涂指甲油
7.a successful 　　　 一名成功的女推销员
8.a light 　　　　 from the ceiling 悬在天花板上的灯
9.　　　　 workers 解雇工人
10.　　　　 war 宣战
11.fall off the 　　　 从梯子上掉下来
答案:1.science fiction　2.bonus　3.integrity　4.dignity　5.appointment　6.nails　7.saleswoman　8.suspended
9.dismiss　10.declare　11.ladder
Ⅱ.选词填空
test out,more like,take notes,experiment with,or rather,go downtown,fall off,in time
1.He shall not get so angry.What we have gotten here is 　　　　　　　　 a quarrel than a debate.
2.By the end of June,China had built 410,000 5G base stations,laying a foundation for local companies to 　　　　　　　　 new applications.
3.He studied till late last night,　　　　　　　　,early this morning.
4.The press is now being given a chance to 　　　　　　　　 the new device.
5.I’ve no objection to that.Even when you 　　　　　　　　 as we talked,it’s easy to miss something.
6.If they can’t get it to us 　　　　　　　　,we’ll just have to do without.
7.The girl lost her balance and 　　　　　　　　 the balance beam.
8.Could you please tell me which bus I should take to 　　　　　　　　
答案:1.more like　2.experiment with　3.or rather　4.test out
5.take notes　6.in time　7.fell off　8.go downtown
阅读精研·素养构建
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　
Ⅰ.文本整体理解:理清文章架构
Characters:
Larry Belmont:An employee at a robot 1.　　　　.
Claire:Larry Belmont’s 2.　　　　.
Tony:A 3.　　　　.
Gladys Claffern:Claire’s neighbour.
Storyline:
Para.1:A robot is to be tested out.
Para.2:The robot Tony is tested out in Claire’s 4.　　　　.
Para.3:Tony can serve breakfast.
Para.4:Tony can show 5.　　　　 to Claire.
Para.5:Tony can read books.
Para.6:Tony helps Claire improve her 6.　　　　 and helps her gain respect.
Para.7:Tony gives Claire a good suggestion.
Para.8:Tony protects Claire from falling off the ladder.
Para.9:Tony expresses his heart/love to Claire.
答案:1.company　2.wife　3.robot　4.house　5.sympathy　6.makeup
Ⅱ.文本细节理解:探寻语篇细节信息
1.What does Larry Belmont think of testing out the robot in his house
A.It is an extra benefit.
B.It is his responsibility.
C.It helps improve his house.
D.It can make Claire happy.
2.How did Claire feel when Tony offered to help her get dressed
A.Proud. B.Happy.
C.Guilty. D.Embarrassed.
3.Why does Tony work on the house improvement
A.Because Claire wants to hold a party in her house.
B.Because Claire plans to give Larry a surprise.
C.Because Claire doesn’t think it good enough for Larry.
D.Because Claire intends to make the best of Tony.
4.What does Gladys Claffern think of the relationship between Claire and Tony
A.Friends. B.Lovers.
C.Relatives. D.Colleagues.
5.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Tony falls in love with Claire.
B.Tony will have a rest that night.
C.Tony will stay with Claire forever.
D.Tony,the robot needs to be improved.
答案:1-5　ADCBA
Ⅲ.文本素养提升:阅读技能综合运用
1.根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句
Claire didn’t want the robot in her house,especially as her
主语　　谓语　　　宾语　　　补语
husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks,
　　　　　　　　　　状 语 从 句
　but　　Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm
并列连词 主语　 谓语　宾语
her or allow her to be harmed.
　　宾 语 从 句
译文:

答案:克莱尔不想家里有个机器人,尤其是在她的丈夫要出差三周的时候,但是拉里劝说她,机器人不会伤害她,也不会让她受到伤害。
2.根据课文内容填空
A robot named Tony was sent to Claire’s house (1)　　　　 (test) out.He looked like a real man,tall and handsome with smooth hair (2)　　　　 a deep voice.Not only did he look like a human,but he (3)　　　　 (behave) like a real man.He did everything to comfort Claire.He prepared breakfast in (4)　　　　 morning.He even tried to help Claire get (5)　　(dress),which made Claire feel embarrassed.When he heard that Claire was not (6)　　　　 (satisfy) with her house,he began to improve it.When he learned that Claire was jealous of another lady,he helped to improve (7)　　　　 (she) makeup and make Gladys and her friends admire Claire by (8)　　　　 (hold) a party at home.
Tony was only a robot,but he could do and think (9)　　　　 (exact) like a real man.He even fell in love with his hostess,Claire,near the end of the test.(10)　　　　 an excellent science fiction it is!
答案:(1)to be tested　(2)and　(3)behaved　(4)the　(5)dressed　(6)satisfied　(7)her　(8)holding　(9)exactly　(10)What
要点精研·素养奠基
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　
1.experiment with 用……做实验
*She picked up the microphone and began to experiment with the switches.
她拿起话筒,开始试拨开关。
*Supposing you want to experiment with electricity,what materials would you use
假设你想做关于电的实验,你需要什么材料呢
[语块积累]
experiment v.做实验 n.实验,试验;尝试
experiment on/ upon...在……上做实验
do/perform/conduct/carry out an experiment 做实验
an experiment in sth某方面的试验
[即学活用] 语法填空
①Many small businesses were anxious to experiment 　　　　 computers.
②No matter how great the difficulty is,we should experiment 　　　　 this kind of product successfully.
③Scientists have been conducting laboratory 　　　　 (experiment) for 20 years to explore this possibility.
④She bought a cook book and followed it carefully,as if she were doing an experiment 　　　　　 physics.
答案:①with　②on　③experiments　④in
2.test out 检验;测试
*Working in the research institute gave me a chance to test out some of the latest ideas in economics.
在这所研究所里工作使我有机会全面检验一下经济学方面的某些最新观点。
*We are not ready to go into production yet.The new switch mechanism is not fully tested out.
我们还没有准备投产。新的开关装置尚在试验过程中。
[语块积累]
test sb/sth (for sth) (为……而)测验/检查某人/某物
test sth 考验……,测试……
test sth out 对……进行检测
test n.测验;考查
take/do a test 参加测验
pass/fail a test 通过/没有通过测验
put sb/sth to the test 使……受考验;使……受检验
stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验
[即学活用] 语法填空
①There is no doubt that higher-risk professions and communities should be the first
　　　　　　　　(test).
②The model must be tested 　　　　 before you put the product on sale.
③The recent quarrels in the artistic circles will put both sides 　　　　 the test.
答案:①to be tested　②out　③to
3.bonus n.意外收获;奖金;红利
*To show our appreciation for all your hard work,we’d like to give you a bonus.
为了对你的辛勤工作表示感谢,我们要给你发奖金。
*In addition to his salary,he has a bonus of 25 yuan per month.
除工资外,他每月还有二十五元钱的奖金。
[语块积累]
annual bonus 年度分红
year-end bonus 年终奖金,年终额外补贴
cash bonus 现金红利
Holiday Bonus 假日礼物
[易混辨析] “奖金、回报”集萃
bonus 强调额外的回报,奖金之类
reward 强调应得的回报,报酬
award (在某方面杰出而受到认可的)奖品,奖(项)
prize (比赛、竞赛中获得的)奖品,奖金
[即学活用] 选词填空(award/prize/reward/bonus)
①The firm recognised Tom’s outstanding work by giving him an extra 　　　　.
②The king said that such a brave soldier was worthy of 　　　　.
③He was nominated for the best actor 　　　　.
④First 　　　　 in the competition will be a meal at the restaurant of your choice.
答案:①bonus　②reward　③award　④prize
4.appointment n.预约;约会;委任
*She arranged an appointment for Friday afternoon at 4:15.
她安排了一个约会,时间是星期五下午4:15。
*If you phone for an appointment in advance,it’ll save you waiting.
如果你提前电话预约,就不用等了。
[语块积累]
make an appointment with sb 与某人做约定
have an appointment有约会
keep/break an appointment with...守/违(爽)约
appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
appointed adj.被委任的,指定的,约定的
[即学活用] 语法填空
①Patients can make 　　　　 appointment after registering through the hospital app.
②I’d like to set up a doctor’s 　　　　 (appoint) as soon as possible.
③I am very sorry,because I will not be able to keep my appointment 　　　　 you on Thursday.
④Our visitors arrived at the 　　　　(appoint)time.
答案:①an　②appointment　③with　④appointed
5.dismiss vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;清除
* In consequence of his bad work,I was forced to dismiss him.
他工作表现不好,所以我只好辞退他。
*Emil tried to dismiss from his mind the horrible thoughts.
艾米尔竭力从心头排除掉这些可怕的想法。
[语块积累]
dismiss sb/sth (as) 开除;解雇;摒弃;对……不屑一提
dismiss sth from 从……去除/消除/摒除
dismiss sb from 解雇/免职/开除某人
dismiss fear from one’s mind 消除某人心里的恐惧
[即学活用] 写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①Though he had stolen from his employers,they did not dismiss him,out of consideration for his family.　　　
②Dismissing her fears,she climbed higher.　　　
③At 12 o’clock the class was dismissed.　　　
④Most ordinary doctors,however,dismiss this as complete nonsense.　　　
答案:①解雇　②摒除　③解散　④不予考虑
6.declare vt.表明;宣称;公布;申报
*We must declare war against gang of terrorists.
我们必须向恐怖分子宣战。
*We declare these goods to be of China origin.
我们声明这些产品的原产地为中国。
*You must declare your camera at the customs.
你必须在海关申报你的照相机。
[语块积累]
declare for/against 声明赞成/反对
declare war on/against 向……宣战
declare...to be/as...宣布……为/是……
declare that...宣告;宣称
nothing to declare 绿色通道;不需报关
[易混辨析]
declare 正式用法,用于比较严肃和重大的场合
announce 一般用法,生活中常见的通知,宣布(结果,决定等)
claim 用于发表个人意见,索赔,认领等
[即学活用]
(1)语法填空
①He 　　　　(declare) the victor in the 11th round.
②The government has declared war 　　　　 drug dealers.
(2)完成句子
③她宣称她不想原谅他。
She 　　　　　　　　 she didn’t want to forgive him.
④很快他们就会宣布她为公司的领导人。
Soon they will 　　　　　　　　 the leader of the company.
答案:(1)①was declared　②against　(2)③declared that　④declare her to be/as
7.whereas conj.然而;但是;尽管
*She has authentic charm whereas most people simply have nice manners.
她有真正的魅力,而大多数人只有礼貌而已。
*His children are well bred,whereas those of his sister are naughty.
他的孩子们很有教养,但他姐姐的孩子们却调皮得很。
[语块积累]
常见的表示转折或对比的词有:
however adv.无论如何;不管怎样;然而;可是
while conj.(对比两件事物)而;虽然,尽管
nevertheless adv. 然而,不过;虽然如此
but conj.但是;而是;然而
yet conj.但是;然而
[即学活用] 完成句子
①一些研究显示了积极的结果,而另一些则没有。
Some of the studies show positive results,　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②北京的冬天很冷,而昆明的冬天很暖和。
The winter in Beijing is very cold 　　　　　　　　　　　 is warm.
答案:①whereas/while/but/yet others do not　②while/whereas/but/yet that of Kunming
8.As she turned around,there stood Gladys Claffern.
当她转过身来,就看到格拉迪斯·克拉芬正站在那里。
[句式解构]
该句为倒装句。引起完全倒装的几种情形:
①时间、地点、方位副词位于句首。
②介词短语位于句首。
③作表语的分词、动词不定式、形容词等位于句首。
*There stands an old temple which dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
那里矗立着一座追溯到明代的古寺。
*In the center of our school lies our library,which is between the garden and the teaching building.
我们的图书馆坐落于学校的中心,就在花园和教学楼中间。
*Present at the evening party was our favourite English teacher.
我们最喜欢的英语老师出席了晚会。
[温馨提示]
当主语是人称代词时,不用倒装语序。
In he came and the lesson began.
他走进来开始上课。
[即学活用] 完成句子
①台前站着一位歌唱家。
In the front of the stage 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
Among these people 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③参观长城的有200名美国大学生。
Visiting the Great Wall 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
④门开了,史密斯先生走了进来。
The door opened and 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
答案:①stood a singer　②was his friend Jim　③were 200 American college students　④in came Mr Smith
[要点拾遗]
1.How awful to be discovered by her,Claire thought.
被她发现了,这多么难堪啊,克莱尔心想。
[句式解构]
该句为How 引导的感叹句,除此之外,what也可以引导感叹句。
(1)how引导的感叹句结构:
①How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
*How fast he runs!
他跑得多快啊!
②How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
*How beautiful a girl she is!
她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊!
③How+主语+谓语!
*How time flies!光阴似箭!
(2)what引导的感叹句结构:
①What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
*What a nice present it is!
这是一件多么好的礼物啊!
② What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!
*What beautiful flowers they are!
它们是多么漂亮的花啊!
③What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
*What fine weather it is today!
今天天气多好啊!
[即学活用] 选词填空(what/how)
①　　　　 beautiful music we are listening to!
②　　　　 an interesting subject it is!
③　　　　 happily the dolphin is playing!
④　　　　 beautiful a picture Jill is drawing!
答案:①What　②What　③How　④How
2.He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
他还建议在他离开,也就是拉里回家的前一天晚上克莱尔邀请格拉迪斯和她的朋友们到家里来。
[句式解构]
表示“要求,建议,命令”意义的动词,后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。常见的这类动词有:insist,order,command,advise,suggest,propose,demand,require,request,ask 等。
*He insisted that I (should) go with them.
他坚持要我同他们一起去。
*He ordered that it (should) be sent back.
他命令把它送回去。
*The doctor advised (suggested) that he (should) not smoke.
医生建议他不要抽烟。
[即学活用] 完成句子
①他建议我们留下吃饭。
He suggested that 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②有人提议这事下次再讨论。
It was proposed that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③他要求我出场。
He requires that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
答案:①we (should) stay for dinner　②this matter (should) be discussed next time　③I (should) appear
课时检测·素养达标
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语
1.It certainly wasn’t as good as other 　　　　 (科幻小说) films I’ve ever seen.
2.Several retail stores later opened in nearby towns,providing a 　　　　(红利) to villagers.
3.It is 　　　　(荒谬的) that people can jump to such conclusions without any factual evidence to back them up.
4.From that simple truth students learn to respect the 　　　　(尊严) of every single person.
5.Even if the epidemic (流行病) is over,visitors have to make an 　　　　(预约) before entering a scenic spot.
6.We presume you are 　　　　(有罪的),unless you can prove your innocence.
7.Shenzhen checked all chain stores of the supermarket,which were ordered to 　　　　(暂缓) business and online sales.
8.He was 　　　　(解雇) from the service for his careless behaviours.
9.If you insist,we have to 　　　　(宣布) that the meeting is cancelled.
10.Nearly 40 percent of the respondents express concern about the law,　　　　 (然而) 58 percent say they are not worried at all.
答案:1.science fiction　2.bonus　3.ridiculous　4.dignity　5.appointment　6.guilty　7.suspend　8.dismissed　9.declare　10.whereas
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.他希望在出售前先检验一下这件商品。
He wished to 　　　　　　　　 the item before selling it.
2.他所穿的航天服,甚至在制成之前,科幻小说中就有这个叫法了。
The space suit he wears had a name 　　　　　　　　　　 even before it existed in reality.
3.我必须经过我的医生呢,还是可以直接预约
Do I need to go through my doctor or can I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 direct
4.如果你违反了这里的规定,我们将不得不让你离开你的职位。
If you violate the rules here,we shall have to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.我有一套新住房,或者更确切地说,有一个大房间。
I’ve got a new flat,　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
6.预言明天太阳不会升起是荒唐可笑的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow.
答案:1.test out　2.in science fiction　3.make an appointment
4.dismiss you from the post　5.or rather,a large room
6.It is ridiculous
语用训练
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.The new robot is going to 　　　　　　　　 (test) out by Larry’s wife,Claire.
2.Jack didn’t answer my question and his 　　　　 (face) expression didn’t change.
3.The boy felt 　　　　 (embarrass) at his mistaking a stranger for his teacher.
4.I think both of them will be glad 　　　　 (accompany) our honored guest.
5.By the side of the temple there 　　　　 (stand) a statue.
6.They 　　　　　　　　 (suspend) the delivery so far as they have to check the quality of their goods.
7.It is better 　　　　　　　　　(dismiss) the player as he often makes trouble and doesn’t work hard.
8.Are you carrying any items that need to 　　　　　　　　 (declare)
9.We’ll be 　　　　 (arrive) by car about ten o’clock on Friday night.
答案:1.be tested　2.facial　3.embarrassed　4.to accompany
5.stands　6.have suspended　7.to dismiss　8.be declared　9.arriving
Ⅱ.选词填空
test out,experiment with,on a business trip,more like,
look after,or rather,go downtown,in time,come up
with,make an appointment with
1.She behaves towards me 　　　　　　　　 a friend than a mother.
2.I am going 　　　　　　　　　　　　 with my boss tomorrow.
3.The university students will 　　　　　　　　 the computer program for any bugs.
4.We should advertise for someone to 　　　　　　　　 the garden.
5.Scientists 　　　　　　　　 military rockets in the early research,which prepared the ground for space travel.
6.She worked as a secretary,　　　　　　　　,a personal assistant.
7.It is necessary for you to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the doctor before you go to see your friend.
8.Based on this plan,the municipal government has 　　　　　　　　　　　　 78 detailed tasks,of which 45 have been completed so far.
9.He braked his car just 　　　　　　　　 to avoid an accident.
10.I will need to 　　　　　　　　 to the bank this afternoon.
答案:1.more like　2.on a business trip　3.test out　4.look after
5.experimented with　6.or rather　7.make an appointment with　8.come up with　9.in time　10.go downtown
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.I am firmly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (说服)such is the fact.
2.All the afternoon he worked 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(锁着门).
3.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (欣赏他的才华) for putting different elements,colours and layers into contemporary and functional fashion design.
4.He was drawn on by the hope of 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (提高自己的社会地位)and that of his family.
5.The picture 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (被钉在墙上) so that we could remind ourselves of our goals.
6.Through effort on our part,some of them may 　　　　　　　　　　　 (改变他们的态度),but perhaps not all can do so.
7.Much to our amazement,they 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (对我们宣战).
答案:1.persuaded that　2.with the door locked　3.admire his talent　4.improving his own social position　5.was nailed on the wall　6.change their attitude　7.declared war on us
Learning About Language学案设计
语法精讲·素养提升
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　
被动语态(Passive Voice)
[完成句子]
1.I 　　　　　　　　 (tell) not to take anybody’s belongings without permissions when I was little.
2.By the end of last year,another new gymnasium 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(complete) in Beijing.
3.The news 　　　　　　　　　　　(send) the soldier’s mother as soon as he arrived.
答案:1.was told　2.had been completed　3.would be sent to
[要义详析]
一、被动语态常用于以下两种情况
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
*Rice is grown in the south of China.
中国南方种植水稻。
2.强调动作的承受者。
*The tree was broken by that boy.
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
二、将主动语态变为被动语态应注意的几种情况
1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:
(1)间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语不变;
(2)直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语前加上介词to或for。
*He told us a story.
他给我们讲故事。
→We were told a story by him.
→A story was told to us by him.
2.动词短语视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。
*She will take good care of the children.
她将会好好照顾孩子们。
→The children will be taken good care of by her.
3.复合句中通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意:省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式to必须补上。
*Someone saw him swim in the lake yesterday.
→He was seen to swim in the lake yesterday.
4.特殊疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序:一般用“By+疑问词”开头。
*Who has broken the cup
谁打碎了杯子
→By whom has the cup been broken
杯子被谁打碎了
[即学活用] 完成句子
①我的英文名是Walter,它是上大学时我的英语教授取的。
My English name is Walter.It 　　　　　　　　　　　　 when I was at the university.
②她的钱已经用完了,她的耐心也要耗尽了。
Her money 　　　　　　　　　　　　 and her patience is also running out.
③我被这部感人的电影弄哭了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 by the moving movie.
答案:①was given by my English professor　②has been run out of　③I was made to cry
三、被动语态和过去分词作表语
1.意义差别:被动语态强调动作;过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。
*The window is broken.
窗子破了。
*The window is broken by him.
窗子被他打破了。
2.用法差别:过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征,可以被 so,very,too等程度副词修饰,而被动语态则不能用so,very,too等修饰,而需用much,very much,so much,too much等修饰。
*He was very interested in science.
他对科学有极大的兴趣。(过去分词作表语)
*I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn’t know what to do.
我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊,不知所措。(被动语态)
[即学活用] 语法填空
①The door is 　　　　 (close).
②Everyone was surprised 　　　　 the speed with which the dispute was settled.
答案:①closed　②by
四、常见主动表被动的情况
1.有些动词(cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等)常用主动形式表被动。
*This pen writes smoothly.
这支钢笔写起来很流畅。
*This car sells well.
这车很畅销。
2.在某些形容词(hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible,cheap,expensive等)后的不定式用主动形式表被动。
*English is easy to learn.
英语很容易学。
*The box is heavy to carry.
这箱子重得搬不动。
3.“半系动词(look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等)+形容词”结构,常用主动形式表被动。
*The food in this restaurant tastes good.
这家餐馆的饭菜味道很好。
*The news turned out (to be) true.
这消息原来是真的。
4.need,want,require,deserve,be worth等词后面接动词-ing形式,主动形式表被动。
*The novel is worth reading.这本小说值得一读。
*The old house requires repairing.这所旧房子需要修理。
[即学活用] 语法填空
①This kind of knife 　　　　 (cut) well.
②Your writing is really difficult 　　　　(read).
③That 　　　　 (sound) great.Deal me in!
④All the old carpets need 　　　　 (replace).
答案:①cuts　②to read　③sounds　④replacing /to be replaced
五、有些及物动词或短语不用于被动语态
fit,have,marry,wish,cost,notice,watch,agree with,arrive at/in,shake hands with,succeed in,suffer from,happen to,take part in,walk into,belong to等。
[即学活用] 完成句子
①直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。
A person who is truly honest 　　　　　　　　 a straight arrow.
②他们将问你许多奇怪的题。
You 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a lot of strange questions by them.
③到去年12月他们已建造了三艘船。
By last December three ships 　　　　　　　　　　 by them.
④我有一些衣服要洗。
I have some clothes 　　　　　　　　.
⑤你的想法证实是错的。
Your idea 　　　　　　　　　　 wrong.
⑥书销售得快。
The book 　　　　 quickly.
⑦需要更多的煤气吗
Will more gas 　　　　　　　　
⑧这音乐不好听。
The music isn’t pleasant 　　　　　　　　　　.
答案:①is called　②will be asked　③had been built　④to wash　⑤proved to be　⑥sells　⑦be needed　⑧to listen to
课时检测·素养达标
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.They are going 　　　　　　　　　 (send) to work in Tibet for two years.
2.—Do you have any problems if you 　　　　　　　　　 (offer) this job
—Well,I’m thinking about the salary.
3.Though we don’t know what was being discussed,yet we can feel the topic
　　　　　　　　 (change).
4.Much progress 　　　　　　　　　　 (make) in China with the help of the people’s hard work.
5.Nowadays,more new technologies 　　　　　　　　　　 (apply) in the field of IT.
6.The shop assistant was dismissed as she 　　　　　　　　 (accuse) of cheating customers.
7.You are not allowed to go into the meeting room.A secret plan 　　　　　　　　 (discuss) there.
8.The surface of this table feels so smooth.I think it is well worth 　　　　 (buy).
9.The manager was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets 　　　　　　　 (book).
10.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (decide).
答案:1.to be sent　2.are offered　3.has been changed　4.is being made　5.are being applied　6.was accused　7.is being discussed　8.buying　9.had been booked　10.has been decided
Ⅱ.将下列句子改写为被动语态
1.We have studied English for 3 years at the spare-time school.
→
2.They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
→
3.They have warned us to be careful of rats.
→
4.We must keep this in mind.
→
5.We shall not use the washing machine again.
→
6.A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.
→
7.He showed me a ticket.
→
→
8.The nurse is taking care of the sick people.
→
答案:1.English has been studied by us for 3 years at the spare-time school.
2.100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.
3.We have been warned to be careful of rats by them.
4.This must be kept in mind.
5.The washing machine will not be used again.
6.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
7.A ticket was shown to me by him.
I was shown a ticket by him.
8.The sick people are being taken care of by the nurse.
语用训练
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.This story was originally 　　　　 (write) by famous science fiction writer Isaac Asimov.
2.The new style robot will 　　　　　　　　 (test) out in Claire’s house.
3.When her husband was away on business,Claire 　　　　　　　　 (look) after by a robot that looked like a human.
4.Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (offer) sympathy by a robot,but she gradually began to trust him.
5.Many books 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (scan) by Tony since he came to Claire’s house.
6.When the saleswoman was rude to her,Claire rang Tony and told him that she
　　　　　　　　 (treat) badly.
7.How awful it was to 　　　　　　　　　 (discover) talking to a man by Gladys Claffern!
8.It 　　　　　　　　 (expect) that the house,which was being completely transformed,would be ready the next day.
9.With the novel 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (translate) into many foreign languages,it became world famous.
10.The environmental problem 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (discuss) at the meeting when I walked in the room.
答案:1.written　2.be tested　3.was looked　4.being offered/offered　5.have been scanned　6.was being treated　7.be discovered　8.was expected　9.being translated/translated　10.was being discussed
Ⅱ.句型转换
1.People say that Mary Shelley is one of the first science fiction writers in English literature.
→　　　　　　　　　　 Mary Shelley is one of the first science fiction writers in English literature.
2.I have read most of this writer’s novels.
→I have read most of the novels 　　　　　　　　　　.
3.The policeman tells the children not to play in the street.
→The children 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 not to play in the street.
4.Do they plant trees in and around our city every year
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in and around our city every year
5.A painful accident inspired Kaley Cuoco to make beautiful music for homeless animals.
→Kaley Cuoco 　　　　　　　　　　　　 beautiful music for homeless animals.
6.In 1849,people discovered gold in California in the mountains near San Francisco and so started the famous Gold Rush.
→In 1849,　　　　　　　　　　　　 in California in the mountains near San Francisco and so started the famous Gold Rush.
7.Our English teacher caught him cheating in the examination.
→　　　　　　　　　　 by our English teacher in the examination.
答案:1.It is said that　2.written by this writer　3.are told by the policeman　4.Are trees planted by them　5.was inspired by a painful accident to make　6.gold was discovered　7.He was caught cheating
Using Language学案设计
词汇积淀·素养初探
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. The second option is technically 　　　　(占优势的) but it demands higher-performance equipment.
2. Instead of making progress,my work actually seems to be going 　　　　(向后).
3. The mountains and villages became a 　　　　(朦胧的) fairyland after rain hit this village in Zhangjiajie city.
4. There was no tap water,no electricity.We had to 　　　　(去取) water from more than a kilometre away.
5. Mother puts perfume on her 　　　　(手绢) to make it smell pleasant.
6. If the government continues to ignore the rising public complaints and social 　　　　(分隔) in the US,it will cause more damage to the country.
7. Regardless of how creative and skillful you are,we 　　　　(敦促) you not to do this.
8. It’s a great idea to take a bus or subway to some 　　　　(随机的) place,then just get out and walk around.
9. I need the 　　　　(最大量的) amount of information you can give me.
10.A passerby described what he saw moments after the car bomb had 　　　　(explode).
答案:1.superior　2.backwards　3.hazy　4.fetch
5.handkerchief　6.division　7.urge　8.random
9.maximum　10.exploded
Ⅱ.选词填空
on a...basis,pros and cons,superior to,conflict with,turn out,fall away,have an urge to,(be)aware of,be charged with,be adapted into,regard...as,begin with,take over,make a note of,as long as
1.The team’s success is the most important and 　　　　　　　　 personal goals.
2.To be honest,I think she’ll 　　　　　　　　 to be one of the most forward-thinking kids in her class.
3.If you take this medicine,all your symptoms will 　　　　　　　　.
4.How much money do you plan to keep in your account 　　　　　　　　 regular 　　　　
5.Pick a proper hour.Make your exercise time when it isn’t likely to 　　　　　　　　 other plans.
6.When you haven’t been skiing for a while,for instance,you may 　　　　 go again.
7.Chinese families should decide to send their children abroad for studies only after considering all the 　　　　　　　　.
8.He 　　　　　　　　 taking a car without the owner’s consent.
9.The East Is Red 　　　　　　　　 an art film and received praises from both home and abroad.
10.Mr Brown is more than a teacher;most of his pupils 　　　　 him 　　　　 their friend.
11.Scan the newspaper article and 　　　　　　　　 the main point.
12.We’ll let ourselves in trouble if we 　　　　　　　　 this business.
13.When you write a sentence,you must 　　　　　　　　 a capital letter and end with a full stop.
14.One positive impact of pandemic is that ordinary people have become more
　　　　　　　　　　 food conservation.
15.He promised to keep supporting her 　　　　　　　　 she is willing to pursue advanced studies.
答案:1.superior to　2.turn out　3.fall away　4.on a;basis　5.conflict with　6.have an urge to　7.pros and cons　8.is charged with　9.was adapted into　10.regard;as　11.make a note of　12.take over　13.begin with　14.aware of　15.as long as
阅读精研·素养构建
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　
Ⅰ.文本整体理解:厘清文章架构
答案:1.Machine　2.hazy　3.fell away　4.risk
Ⅱ.文本细节理解:探寻语篇细节信息
1.What makes the traveller think that the Time Machine works
A.The change of time on a clock.
B.The lab that looks different.
C.The strange feeling in mind.
D.The trick the machine plays on him.
2.Why is the author invisible to his niece
A.Because he is hidden from her.
B.Because they are not in the same time.
C.Because there is no lamp in the room.
D.Because he moves like a rocket.
3.How does the Time Traveller feel when travelling through time
A.Excited. B.Relaxed.
C.Unfortunate. D.Uncomfortable.
4.Why is the Time Traveller worried about stopping the machine
A.An accident can happen.
B.The machine will turn over.
C.An explosion may take place.
D.The machine has no brakes.
答案: 1-4　ABDC
Ⅲ.文本素养提升:阅读技能综合运用
1.根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句
译文:

(2)　But　　if I stopped and the same space was being
　并列连词　　　　　　条件状语从句
occupied by something else, we would be forced together
　　　　　　　　　　　　主语　　　　
and explode like a bomb!
　　并列谓语
译文:

答案:(1)上午十点,所有时间机器中的第一台启动了其运转之旅。
(2)但是,如果我停下来,同一空间被别的东西占据,我们就会被挤在一起,然后像炸弹一样爆炸!
2.根据课文内容填空
It was ten o’clock and after giving the Time Machine (1)　　　　 last check,I gave the starting lever a slight push.Everything (2)　　　　(seem)unchanged,but when I saw the clock,it was already half past three.Much to my (3)　　　　(excite),more than five hours had passed in a flash.Then the machine sped up and the lab around me went hazy.I even became invisible to my niece who came into the lab (4)　　　　(fetch) something,maybe her handkerchief.
It was not a comfortable journey.When my pace grew faster,the walls of the lab fell away and I (5)　　　　(leave)in the open air.Everything was changing so fast before my eyes,as I was being pushed through time (6)　　　　 hundreds of years a minute.
I had a strong urge to stop the machine and look at the random (7)　　　　(thing)that were being flashed before my eyes,but (8)　　　　 worried me most was that (9)　　　　(stop)the machine might cause an unexpected (10)　　　　(explode),which was dangerous.With carefulness,I stopped the machine and found that I had travelled thousands of years into the future.
答案:(1)a　(2)seemed　(3)excitement　(4)to fetch　(5)was left　(6)at　(7)things　(8)what　(9)stopping
(10)explosion
要点精研·素养奠基
1.superior　adj.更好的,占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的
n.上级,长官;优胜者
*A few years ago it was impossible to find superior quality coffee in local shops.
几年前在当地的商店里不可能买到上好的咖啡。
*He always does what his superiors tell him.
他唯上级之命是从。
[语块积累]
superior to sth　　比……更好;更胜一筹
superior to sb (在级别、重要性或职位上)更高的
superior in 在……方面优越
superior quality 优质,上等品;高级货品
superior court 高等法院;上级法院
[温馨提示] superior的易错点
superior用作形容词时,本身含有“较”的意思,故不再有比较级或最高级形式,用“superior to”表示“两事物的比较”。
[即学活用] 语法填空
①At the meeting,experts stated this method was superior 　　　　 others.
②He was valued by both his peers and his 　　　　(superior).
答案:①to　②superiors
2.conflict with与……冲突或抵触
*These results conflict with earlier findings.
这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。
*She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。
[语块积累]
conflict　　　　　　　　　vi.冲突,抵触
n.冲突,矛盾;斗争
in conflict with 和……冲突
come into conflict with 和……冲突
resolve the conflict 解决矛盾
conflict of interest 利益冲突
[即学活用] 语法填空
①It is a statement 　　　　 conflict with other evidence.
②If so,your points of view are bound to conflict 　　　　 his.
③My interests come 　　　　 conflict with yours.
答案:①in　②with　③into
3.take over占上风;取而代之;接管;接手
*I’m going to take over the company one day.
我总有一天会接管这家公司。
*Have a rest.I’ll take over.
你歇会儿,我来替你。
*Try not to let negative thoughts take over.
尽量别让消极的想法左右你。
[语块积累]
take off　　脱去(衣服等);(飞机等)起飞;成功
take on 呈现;雇用;承担
take up 拿起;着手处理;占据(时间、空间等)
take in 收留;吸收;欺骗;领会;理解
[即学活用] 选择适当的词语填空(take over,take on,take up,take off,take in)
①It’s still far from clear what action the government proposes to 　　　　　　　　 the affair.
②While reading popular science books,we can 　　　　　　　　 more basic knowledge.
③Our factory will 　　　　　　　　 twenty more workers next month to increase output.
④We tried to find a table for seven,but they were all 　　　　　　　　.
⑤The accident happened as the jet was about to 　　　　　　　　.
答案:①take over　②take in　③take on　④taken up
⑤take off
4.labour n.劳动(者);体力劳动vi.奋斗;努力工作
*The company wants to keep down labour costs.
公司想保持低劳动成本。
*She often does volunteer labour during holidays.
放假时她常参加义务劳动。
*We laboured all day in the fields.
我们在田地里辛勤劳动了一整天。
[语块积累]
a labour of love　　　　　爱做的事情
manual (physical) labour 体力劳动
cheap labour 廉价劳动力
labour force 劳动力
labour to do... 努力去做……
labour away 努力去做(艰难的事)
[即学活用] 完成句子
①我们参加体力劳动是十分必要的。
It is necessary for us to take part in 　　　　　　　　.
②我们认为劳动是光荣的事。
We 　　　　　　　　 a matter of honour.
③店主竭尽全力取悦顾客。
The owner of the shop 　　　　　　　　 please his customers.
答案:①physical/manual labour　②regard labour as
③laboured to
5.backwards adv.向后;倒着;往回
*I lost my balance and fell backwards.
我没有站稳,向后摔倒了。
*She was rocking backwards and forwards in her seat.
她在座位上前摇后晃。
[语块积累]
backwards and forwards　　来回地
bend over backwards 竭尽全力(做某事)
backward adj.向后的;倒退的;落后的
backward area 落后地区
[即学活用] 完成句子
①每天来回花了他太多的钱。
Travelling 　　　　　　　　 every day costs him too much money.
②当她听见有人叫她时,她向后看了看。
She 　　　　　　　　 when she heard someone calling her.
答案:①backwards and forwards　②looked backwards
6.fetch vt.(去)拿来;(去)请来
*Run home this moment,and fetch me a pair of gloves and a fan!
马上跑回家去,给我拿一双手套和一把扇子来!
*The painting is expected to fetch up to $400,000 at auction.
这幅画预计在拍卖会上能卖到40万美元。
[语块积累]
fetch sth　　　　　　　去取(拿)……
fetch sb sth 替某人去取(拿)……
fetch in 引进,招来
fetch up 引起;到达;最终成为
fetch out 拿出;引出;使显出
fetch and carry (for sb) 伺候;为某人打杂
[易混辨析] “拿来”“带走”知多少
fetch 去取来;去拿回;命令语气比较重
bring 从外面往里带,带过来
take 从里往外带,带走,带出
[即学活用] 选词填空(fetch,bring,take)
①I’ve trained my dog to 　　　　 my slippers.
②Please ask Uncle Tom to 　　　　 you here in August.
③Remember to 　　　　 your books when you leave.
答案:①fetch　②bring　③take
7.turn out关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是
*Remember to turn out the lights when you go to bed.
临睡前别忘了关灯。
*No one could have foreseen(that)things would turn out this way.
谁都没有预料到事情的结果会这样。
*If a writer does not go deep among the masses,he cannot expect to turn out good works.
如果作家不深入群众,就不会写出好作品来。
[语块积累]
turn down　　关小;拒绝
turn away 拒绝……入内;把……打发走
turn up 出现;露面;调大
turn to 转向;变成;求助于;翻到(书的某页)
turn over 打翻;翻身;移交
[即学活用] 选择适当的词语填空(turn out,turn down,turn up,turn away,turn to,turn over)
①You can’t expect everything to 　　　　　　　　 as you wish.
②Go down the street and 　　　　　　　　 the left,you’ll see the theatre.
③Hundreds of people had to be 　　　　　　　　 because the stadium was so full that couldn’t even admit one drop in.
④We arranged to meet at 7:30,but she never 　　　　　　　　　　.
⑤It remains a question whether we should accept or 　　　　　　　　 his proposal.
⑥He has been very lazy but he is going to 　　　　　　　 a new leaf and work hard.
答案:①turn out　②turn to　③turned away
④turned up　⑤turn down　⑥turn over
8.fall away (逐渐) 减少;消失
*If you take this medicine,all your pains and aches will fall away.
你服下这个药,一切疼痛就会消失。
*The houses fell away as we left the city.
随着我们离城市越来越远,房屋也逐渐消失在视线中了。
[语块积累]
fall ill　　　　　　　　生病
fall asleep 睡着;入睡
fall behind 落在后面
fall down 倒下;跌倒;倒塌
fall off 下降;跌落
fall over 跌倒
fall in love with... 爱上……
fall into the habit of... 形成……习惯
[即学活用]
(1)语法填空
①He always falls 　　　　 when we climb the mountain.
②Don’t put that glass on the edge of the table;it might fall 　　　　.
③I was unlucky to slip on a banana skin and fall 　　　　.
(2)完成句子
①我很健康,几乎没有生过病。
I am very healthy,and I almost do not 　　　　　　　　.
②有些人很容易睡着,但是会醒很多次。
Some people 　　　　　　　　 easily,but then wake up time after time.
答案:(1)①behind　②off　③over　
(2)①fall ill　②fall asleep
9.division n.分开;分隔;差异;除(法);部门
*I taught my daughter how to do division at the age of six.
我女儿6岁时,我就教她怎样做除法。
*He worked for a research division at this company.
他在这家公司的一个研究部门工作。
[语块积累]
division in/within...　　　　　某方面的差异/分割
division of...between A and B A和B在某方面的差异/分割
divide v.(使)分开;分配;分隔
divide (sth) into 分成;分为;把……分割成
divide (sth) by 除以;用……除
divide (sth) up/out 瓜分;分割;分配
divide sth between...and... 把(时间、精力等)分别用于……
[易混辨析]
divide 把整体分为若干部分,常与into搭配
separate 指把原来连在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来,常与from搭配
[即学活用] 语法填空
①The ideal 　　　　(divide) of labour in the computer age is very clear:the computer should do the work,and the person should do the thinking.
②We can also divide the screen 　　　　 quarters,sixths,and so on.
③England is separated 　　　　 France by the English Channel.
答案:①division　②into　③from
10.urge n.强烈的欲望;冲动 vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐
*Looking at all the accusing faces,she felt a sudden urge to run away.
看着一张张脸上那责备的神情,她突然想赶快溜走。
*The authorities urged that every citizen focus attention on the security of food in the early spring.
在早春的时候,政府敦促每个市民关注食品安全。
[语块积累]
urge sb to do sth　　　　　　　　催促某人做某事
it is urged that...(should)do sth 极力主张……做某事
have an urge to do sth 渴望做某事
urgent adj.紧急的;迫切的
urgency n.紧急;催促
[即学活用] 语法填空
①Our teacher urges us 　　　　(study) hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.
②I have 　　　　 urge to help people out when they’re in trouble.
③I make an 　　　　(urge) appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.
④There happens to be a particular 　　　　(urgent) in this case,and it would help if you could bend the rules.
答案:①to study　②an　③urgent　④urgency
11.random adj.随机的;不可思议的
*She opened the book at random and started reading.
她随意翻到一页就看了起来。
*The information is processed in a random order.
信息是按随机顺序处理的。
*We based our analysis on a random sample of more than 200 males.
我们随机抽取了200多名男性作为样本进行了分析。
[语块积累]
at random　　　　　　　胡乱地;随便地;任意地
random sample/selection 随机抽样;随意采样
randomly adv.随便地,任意地;无目的地;胡乱地
randomness n.随意;无安排;随机性
[即学活用] 语法填空
①He read a great deal,but 　　　　 random for pleasure.
②These temples are scattered 　　　　(random) over the mountain.
③Einstein declared that 　　　　(random)rather than lawfulness is the characteristic of natural events.
答案:①at　②randomly　③randomness
12.explode vi.&vt.爆炸;爆破
*The population explodes to 40,000 during the tourist season.
旅游季节人数暴涨至4万。
*There was a huge bang as if someone had exploded a rocket outside.
突然一声巨响,仿佛有人在外面引爆了火箭似的。
*Columbus helped to explode the theory that the earth was flat.
哥伦布帮助推翻了地球是平的理论。
[语块积累]
explode sth　　　　　　　　　使……爆炸;推翻
explode sth into 突然做起……来
explosion n.爆炸;爆发;激增
bomb/nuclear/gas explosion 炸弹/核/气体爆炸
[即学活用] 语法填空
①The boss 　　　　(explode) with anger when he saw the sales report.
②He only felt the dull pain 　　　　(explode) in his skull.
③An underground organisation has claimed responsibility for the bomb 　　　　(explode).
答案:①exploded　②exploding　③explosion
13.It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.上午十点,所有时间机器中的第一台启动了其运转之旅。
[句式解构]
强调句结构:It is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。
[温馨提示]
①强调句中去掉it is和that之后,句子仍然成立。
②被强调成分不管是人还是物,单数还是复数,be动词一律用is/was。
③被强调成分为主语时,仍然保持主格形式。
*It was from him,his chemistry teacher,that Paul learned to watch carefully in class.
正是他,他的化学老师,让保罗学会了在课堂上认真观察。
*It was because of the heavy rain that he came late.
因为下大雨他才来晚的。
*Was it last year that the building was completed
这座大楼是去年建成的吗
[即学活用] 语法填空
①Why was it 　　　　 you were late for the meeting yesterday
②It was Bob 　　　　 broke the window.
③It was not until I had read your letter 　　　　 I understood the true state of affairs.
答案:①that　②that/who　③that
14.The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky,but soon there was division between night and day.
太阳和月亮看起来似乎正被抛向天空,但很快就有了昼夜之分。
[句式解构]
进行时的被动语态,译为:正在被……
①表示某个时刻正在发生的被动动作。
*She is being examined by the doctor now.
她现在正在接受医生的检查。(此时此刻正在发生)
②表示某阶段正在进行的被动动作。
*A new factory is being built.
一座新工厂正在建造中。
③少数及物动词的进行时表示按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。
A party is being held tonight.
今晚将要举办一场晚会。
*Bill is being taken to another hospital by an ambulance.
比尔正被救护车送往另一家医院。
*A novel is being written by this famous writer.
这位著名作家正在写一部小说。
*A medical group is being sent to the flooded area tomorrow.
明天将派一个医疗队去被淹没地区。
[即学活用] 完成句子
①病人病情严重,正在持续观察中。
The patient is seriously ill and 　　　　　　　　 kept under continuous observation.
②整个世界每年获得的黄金不可能比每年开采的多。
The world as a whole could not gain more gold than 　　　　　　　　 each year.
③她说她的自行车正在由她父亲修理。
She said that her bicycle 　　　　　　　　 by her father.
答案:①is being　②was being mined　③was being repaired
读写结合·表达升级
科幻故事写作技巧
[文体感知]
本单元的写作属于新课标中的说明文或记叙文中的“想象性”作文。这类题目要求学生创造出从未接触甚至根本不存在的新形象。想象性写作允许自由想象、自主发挥的空间较大,因此需要灵活的思维和丰富的想象力。科幻故事是用幻想的形式,表现人类在未来世界的物质精神文化生活和科学技术远景,其内容交织着科学事实和预见、想象。科幻故事的特点是内容丰富、奇特,并且情节合理。
[典题演练]
你校校报英语角举办科幻故事征文比赛,请你写一个关于飞碟的故事参加比赛。
内容包括:1.时间,地点;2.主要情节;3.你的感受。
注意:1.词数80左右;2.故事题目已经给出,不计入总词数。
The Saucer
[谋篇立意]
[遣词造句]
完成句子
1.晚上太热了,我在帐篷里睡不着。
It was so hot at night 　　　　　　　　 in the tent.
2.我爬出帐篷,四处走动以便凉快下来。
I crawled out of the tent and walked around 　　　　　　.
3.突然,一道亮光划过天空,一个飞碟出现在我的帐篷附近。
Suddenly a bright light 　　　　　　　　 and a flying saucer appeared near my tent.
4.它看起来就像我在白天读的书里的一样。
It looked just like the one in the book 　　　　　　　　 during the day.
5.我赶紧躲在一块石头后面,看见一个外星人从一扇圆门里走了下来。
I quickly hid 　　　　　　　　 and saw an alien come down through a round door.
6.他走进我的帐篷,手里拿着什么东西出来了。
He walked into my tent and came out 　　　　　　　　.
7.然后飞碟飞走了。我立刻跑进帐篷,发现我的电脑不见了。
The saucer then flew away.I immediately ran into my tent and found that 　　　　　　　　.
8.我很困惑,我不能相信我所看到的。
I was so puzzled that I couldn’t believe 　　　　　　　　.
[句式升级]
9.用so把句1 和句2合并成复合句。


10.用倒装句改写句3并用定语从句合并句3和句4。


答案:1.that I couldn’t fall asleep　2.to cool down　3.flashed across the sky　4.I had read　5.behind a stone　6.with something in his hand　7.my computer was gone　8.what I had seen　9.It was hot at night and I couldn’t fall asleep in the tent,so I crawled out of the tent and walked around to cool down.　10.Suddenly a bright light flashed across the sky and then near my tent appeared a flying saucer,which looked just like the one in the book I had read during the day.
[完美成篇]
The Saucer
　　It was hot at night and I couldn’t fall asleep in the tent,so I crawled out of the tent and walked around to cool down.
Suddenly a bright light flashed across the sky and then near my tent appeared a flying saucer,which looked just like the one in the book I had read during the day.I quickly hid behind a stone and saw an alien come down through a round door.He walked into my tent and came out with something in his hand.The saucer then flew away.I immediately ran into my tent and found that my computer was gone.
I was so puzzled that I couldn’t believe what I had seen.But I decided that the next time the alien came,I would talk to him.
[素材积累]
1.话题词汇
(1)robot　　　　　　　　　　　　机器人
(2)time travel 时光之旅
(3)alien 外星人
(4)clone 克隆
(5)virus 病毒
(6)UFO(unidentified flying object) 不明飞行物
(7)death ray 死光
(8)robotics 机器人技术
(9)zero G 零重力
(10)science fiction 科幻小说
(11)monster 怪物
(12)spaceship 太空船
(13)laser gun 激光枪
(14)space battleship 宇宙战舰
(15)parallel universe 平行宇宙
(16)fantasy movie 魔幻电影
(17)satellite 卫星
2.科幻电影
(1)The Butterfly Effect　　　　　　蝴蝶效应
(2)Jurassic Park 侏罗纪公园
(3)Men in Black 黑衣人
(4)WALL·E 机器人总动员
(5)Planet of the Apes 人猿星球
(6)The Matrix 黑客帝国
(7)2001:A Space Odyssey 2001太空漫游
(8)Inception 盗梦空间
(9)Interstellar 星际穿越
(10)Star Wars 星球大战
(11)Artificial Intelligence AI人工智能
(12)Iron Man 钢铁侠
(13)Back to the Future 回到未来
(14)Alien 异形
(15)The Terminator 终结者
(16)Avatar 阿凡达
(17)E.T.:The Extra—Terrestrial E.T.外星人
(18)The Wandering Earth 流浪地球
(19)Frankenstein 科学怪人
(20)The Three-Body Problem 三体
(21)They Live 极度空间
(22)The Avengers 复仇者联盟
(23)Transformers 变形金刚
(24)Spider-Man 蜘蛛侠
(25)20,000 Leagues Under the Sea 海底两万里
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示写出正确单词
1.Repairs involve skilled 　　　　(劳动力),which can be expensive.
2.The cake recipe calls for three eggs and two cups of 　　　　(面粉).
3.I would travel up and down the East Coast from city to city like a travelling 　　　　(推销员).
4.It was an old-fashioned lift,operated by a 　　　　(控制杆)on an iron box.
5.On the right hand side of the instrument 　　　　(仪表盘),there is a display that indicates boost pressure,water temperature and fuel level.
6.The athlete was within an 　　　　(英寸) of breaking the record.
7.Shanghai grows at a very fast 　　　　(步伐)and the business environment in the city is becoming even better.
8.The light of a 　　　　(台灯) glimmered through the cracks of the door.
9.I had a quick 　　　　(翻转) through the book and it looked very interesting.
答案:1.labour　2.flour　3.salesman　4.lever　5.panel
6.inch　7.pace　8.lamp　9.flip
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.It was at ten o’clock 　　　　　　　　(他来看我).
2. 　　　　　　　　(环顾四周),I found that the laboratory remained unchanged.
3.A moment before,it was 　　　　　　　　(十点过一分钟左右).
4.I drew a breath,gripped the lever and 　　　　　　　　(向后推).
5. 　　　　　　　　(花了她一分钟时间)to fetch her handkerchief.
6.On top of the mountain 　　　　

展开更多......

收起↑