资源简介

UNIT 1　ART
教学设计
Reading and Thinking:A Short History of Western Painting
文本简析
本单元阅读文本的主题是西方绘画简史。通过介绍不同时期的西方绘画以及因各时代代表画家引领而发展出的独特风格,激发读者品鉴艺术历史,探究西方绘画未来可能的发展方向和促进艺术发展的源动力,思考艺术的功能和价值,提高审美素养,崇仰人文价值。
该文本采用说明性文体,以第三者视角客观简述西方绘画发展的四个关键时期,内容紧凑,语言平实,文风平易近人。标题“A Short History of Western Painting”指向文本主题,标示语篇类型。全文以“总—分”建构,分述部分以副标题切分。第一段为总起段,阐述为什么要了解绘画发展史。其余段落以时间为主线,选取代表人物,依次介绍四个不同时期的西方绘画,并在最后留下思考空间,引发对于艺术本质的思考。
在进行文本教学设计时,要帮助学生梳理关于绘画艺术和历史发展相关的话题类语言,包括绘画特点,以及变化发展的相关表达。此外,逻辑功能性语言,例如while...still...,less...more...,...but instead等,也是值得关注的。本文四个时期虽由副标题统领独立成文,但全文在内容过渡、行文逻辑和语言衔接上是串联的整体,在文本梳理中也需特别注意。此外,本课需要关注西方艺术区别于中国艺术的独特魅力,同时要培养发展的眼光看待文化,感受跨越文化的艺术之美。
Reading and Thinking教学设计(共2课时)
第1课时
一、教学内容
梳理全文信息,了解西方绘画四个时期的代表人物及绘画特色和风格,理清信息的整合方式。
二、课时目标
1.围绕西方绘画进行主题讨论,根据文本布局和语篇要素预测文本内容,激活背景知识和主题词汇。
2.运用略读、细读、归纳、整合等阅读策略,梳理文本信息,根据原文逻辑进行加工输出,理清代表人物在西方绘画发展史的作用,并完善对于西方绘画史的认知和理解。
3.通过文本分析和语篇解读整理西方绘画各时期代表人物的绘画风格,并能够使用相关信息表达观点和解决实际问题。
三、教学过程
Activity 1:Leading into the topic about Western painting
本活动旨在落实课时目标1。
★Brainstorm and talk about Western painting.
Students brainstorm and share their knowledge about Western painting.
Q1:What do you think of when talking about Western painting
Q2:Do you know any great Western paintings or famous painters What do you know about them
Q3:How do you like Western paintings Why
[设计意图] 此活动是导入环节。学生就上述三个问题展开头脑风暴,就主题展开发散联想,激活并储备话题词汇。第一个问题引出主题相关词汇如style,painter,painting,master,work等。第二个问题激活相关背景知识,为预测课文内容作铺垫。第三个问题为评判性问题,引发关于绘画价值的初始思考,为后面深入思考艺术发展做好铺垫。
Activity 2:Predicting and understanding the content of the passage
本活动旨在落实课时目标1。
★Skim the title,clarify the layout and predict the content.
Students make predictions about the content of the passage by studying the title,viewing the pictures and clarifying the layout.
Q1:What will the text be about How do you know
S1:About the history of Western painting.From the title.
S2:About painting.From the pictures.
Q2:In what order is the text developed How do you know
S1:In time order.From the subtitles.
S2:From the word “history”.
[设计意图] 引导学生关注语篇要素,通过读标题,看配图,定位中心主题词。运用扫读阅读策略,明确文本布局,纲举目张,整体把控,预测文本内容,创设阅读期待,提高阅读效率,为下一环节的主题讨论做好铺垫。
Activity 3:Exploring the purpose of the writing
本活动旨在落实课时目标2。
★Read for the writing purpose.
Students read paragraph 1 for the writing purpose and check their predictions.
Q1:What’s the key word or key sentence in this paragraph
S:The development of Western painting over the centuries.
Q2:Why does the text tell about the development of Western painting
S:Because the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.It is hard to give a precise definition of Western art,and it is impossible to describe so many different styles of Western art in a short text either.
Q3:Why does the writer ask a question at the beginning
S:To attract readers’ attention,and meanwhile to lead into
the topic.
[设计意图] 通过提炼关键词和关键句归纳段落大意,并根据主题句整体把握文本内容,锻炼学生的概括能力。同时,通过探究写作意图,明确内容走向,凸显阅读主线,提升阅读效率。此外,关注本文“问题导入式”的写作手法,引导学生关注语言和内容双维度融合,并为读后活动中分析作者的写作方法和技巧作铺垫。
Activity 4:Unfolding the development of Western painting
本活动旨在落实课时目标2。
1.Skim the passage for the general idea.
Students skim the text to find the general information about the text by answering the following questions.
Q1:How does the writer tell about the history/development of Western painting
S:By showing the characteristics of the famous painters in each period.
Q2:Who are mentioned in each period
S:Giotto di Bondone in the Middle Ages;Masaccio,Leonardo da Vinci,Michelangelo,Raphael,Giotto,and Rembrandt in the Renaissance;Claude Monet and Renoir in Impressionism;Picasso in Modern Art.
Q3:Why are they mentioned
S:Because they are the influential painters.
2.Scan the passage for detailed information.
Students read the text carefully to fill in the box and think about the questions below.
period painters major development in Western painting
→ →
VS.
1. 2. 3.
Q1:How did painters develop painting
Q2:What role did they play in the development Find sentences to support your idea.
Q3:Why did painters make changes of the former style of painting
Some of the leading questions:
Period 1:The Middle Ages
Q1:Who is mentioned as the important painter Why is he mentioned
Q2:What did he do to the painting
Q3:How are his paintings different from the former ones
Q4:How can we understand the structure “While...still...”
Period 2:The Renaissance
Q1:Who are mentioned in this period
Q2:Why is Giotto also mentioned What can we infer How do you know
Q3:How many groups of painters are mentioned
Q4:Why is more than one chosen in each group Find key words to explain.
Q5:How did they develop the painting
Q6:What’s the meaning of “shift” Why is “increasingly” put before it
Period 3:Impressionism
Q1:Who led the development How do you know
Q2:Did he still build upon the former painters Why
Q3:How are his paintings different
Q4:What’s the function of “While”
Q5:Who else also played a part How
Period 4:Modern Art
Q1:Did painters reach an agreement on how to develop the painting
Q2:What did they share in common
[设计意图] 引导学生扫读文本,定位各个绘画时期的共性,即绘画大师引领艺术发展。明晰共性之后,以此为线,整合并串联文本信息。学生再读文本,根据表格提示,结合文本关键句的理解,梳理完成各个时期绘画大师在继承和发展绘画艺术中所起的作用。在呈现表格内容时,教师根据各段落语言和结构的差异,设计问题链进行追问,深入理解内容,体会衔接连贯,品读语言,为后续解决实际问题做好语言和内容的准备。
Activity 5:Integrating and applying
本活动旨在落实课时目标3。
★Think and match.
Students match the paintings with the right painters based on their understanding of Western painting.(Exercise 3 on Page 3)
Q1:Who painted these paintings Why do you think so
Q2:How are the paintings different from each other
Q3:Which painting do you like most Why
[设计意图] 学生整合所学知识,并进行运用,解决实际问题,在过程中验证并调整对于西方绘画大师及绘画发展的认识,形成认知体系。在此基础上进行美学欣赏和判断,提升对于艺术的认知和理解。
Assignment:
1.Review the target words and expressions concerning art and paintings.
2.Retell how Western painting has developed throughout the four periods in time sequence.
[设计意图] 运用习得的知识和语言,结合文本结构进行语言输出练习,既巩固内化知识,强化主题语言,又导入第二课时,实现契合衔接。
第2课时
一、教学内容
回顾文本,深度思考,理解绘画或艺术发展变化的原因和驱动力,感受艺术之于生活的价值,并从语言、语篇视角品读文本。
二、课时目标
1.通过细读文本,探究深意,思考除绘画大师引领之外,绘画艺术发展的内在和外在驱动力,培养深度思考的阅读能力。
2.通过品读文本语言,建立语言与内容的联系,构建主题语言库,巩固语言学习效果,增强语用正迁移,为语言输出提供语料支撑。
3.结合文本中得到的启示,谈论对于绘画、艺术的见解,最后通过模仿介绍中国绘画艺术,学以致用,提高思维品质和语言能力。
三、教学过程
Activity 1:Retelling the development of Western painting
本活动旨在回顾和复习第一课时的内容。
★Review and retell.
The teacher asks several students to retell how Western painting has developed / how the representative painters have developed Western painting throughout the four periods.
[设计意图] 此活动承上启下,既是对上节课的回顾梳理,也是对本节课深层理解环节的有效铺垫。学生通过第一课时的学习,厘清了西方绘画发展简史,掌握了主题相关的词汇,具备了从文本信息的梳理整合过渡到文本内容的深层理解的能力。
Activity 2:Exploring the cause of the development of Western painting
本活动旨在落实课时目标1。
1.Think and answer.
Students think about the role painters play in the development based on the following questions.
Q1:Why does the author choose these painters as examples
S:Because they are the influential masters and representatives of each period.
Q2:Are these painters exclusive in each period What can we infer
S:No.Some developed and led Western painting into the next period while some created a new style.This reflected the particular role those painters played in the development.
2.Reread and explore.
Students re-read the text to find out more about the drive of the development.
Q1:What else helped drive the development of Western painting How
Q2:Why did Giotto di Bondone change his way of painting
Q3:Why could/did Leonardo da Vinci and Rembrandt improve the painting skills
Q4:Before the invention of photography,why could paintings flourish for a long time
Q5:What happened after the invention of photography What can you infer
[设计意图] 引导学生再次细读文章,尤其关注两个时期之间的过渡与衔接,探究绘画艺术变化更迭的诸多原因,如社会需求、科技发展、艺术认知,并从整个历史变化过程抽离出贯穿始终的驱动力——艺术家对艺术本质的不懈追求。培养学生细究文本深层意思的阅读意识和能力。
Activity 3:Predicting the future development of Western painting
本活动旨在落实课时目标1。
★Discuss and predict.
Students work in groups and discuss the possible development of Western painting.
Q1:Do you think the art of painting will go on developing
Q2:What are the key factors that may influence the future development
[设计意图] 该环节是一个半开放的活动,学生根据文章预留的内容空白进行头脑风暴。基于已经梳理的关于绘画发展的理解,通过讨论和分析,推测西方绘画可能的发展,学以致用,培养迁移运用能力。
Activity 4:Sharing personal insights into art
本活动旨在落实课时目标3。
★Ponder and share.
Students express their opinions about art.
Q1:Have the painters found the answer to the question “What is art ”
Q2:How would you answer the question “What is art ”
[设计意图] 回归到对本文写作意图的开放性讨论,学习西方绘画发展史是为了更好地了解西方艺术。学生根据自己的理解,结合文章信息和提示,展开想象,发散思路,分享对于艺术的看法。该环节既锻炼口语表达,迁移巩固知识,也在分享过程中启迪思维,打开思路,探究艺术的价值。
Activity 5:Grouping words and expressions about change and development
本活动旨在落实课时目标2。
★Build word families.
Students scan the text again to sort out words of similar use,i.e.words and expressions to express development.
Q:What words are used to express development
[1] In particular,his paintings are set apart from...
[2] An important breakthrough...was...
[3] Another innovation was...
[4] the emphasis increasingly shifted from...to...
[5] New ideas and values gradually replaced...
[6] While his paintings still had religious themes...
...
T:All these expressions serve to show how Western painting has developed.Some of them share similar structure but with varied use of words,which makes the text vivid and more readable.
[设计意图] 主题类语言整理有助于学生类化语言应用,提高语言输出的丰富性。处理完文本内容信息后,进入语篇信息处理,进行主题相关的词块归类。引导学生快速阅读,寻找表达相同主题(发展或者艺术)的词和短语,再根据词性、用法和结构进行归类,储备主题相关词汇,丰富语言储备,提升语言素养。
Assignment:
Go online to gather more information about Chinese painting and write a short history of it.
[设计意图] 结合所学,迁移运用,根据实际语境,进行模仿性运用。在此过程中,学生尝试借鉴已学的语言、内容、语篇结构和写作手法来建构新文本,实现语篇输出,同时关注中西艺术文化的差别,加深对优秀文化的认同,培养文化意识。
学案设计参考
Reading and Thinking学案
速读教材P2-3课文,完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确,还是错误,还是没有提及。
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　
1.During the Middle Ages,artists were interested in painting realistic scenes.
A.Right. B.Wrong.
C.Not mentioned.
2.During the Renaissance,artists focused more on religious themes.
A.Right. B.Wrong.
C.Not mentioned.
3.Masaccio was a famous artist in the Middle Ages.
A.Right. B.Wrong.
C.Not mentioned.
4.Rembrandt gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
A.Right. B.Wrong.
C.Not mentioned.
5.In the early 20th century,paintings were needed to preserve what people looked like.
A.Right. B.Wrong.
C.Not mentioned.
答案:1—5　BBBAB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处,补全所给句子提供的信息。
A.to purchase accurate pictures of themselves
B.to convey the light and movement in the scene
C.to describe them all in a short text
D.to ask the question,“What is art ”
E.to teach people about Christianity
1.As there have been so many different styles of Western art,it is impossible 　　　　.
2.During the Middle Ages,the purpose of Western art was 　　　　.
3.Kings,nobles,and people of high rank wanted 　　　　 and the people they loved.
4.In this work,Monet’s aim was 　　　　.
5.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality,but instead 　　　　.
答案:1—5　CEABD
Ⅲ.表格填空
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
Periods Themes Artistic Characteristics
The Middle Ages (5th to 15th century) 1.　　　 to paint in a(n) 2.　　　　 way
The Renaissance (14th to 17th century) to show 3.　　　　 and the world around us to adopt a more 4.　　　　 attitude of life;to draw things in 5.　　　　 and oil paints developed
Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) to show scenes of 6.　　　　 or daily life to show not just the 7.　　　　 image of subjects,but their inner 8.　　　　 and humanity
Modern Art(20th century to today) not to show 9.　　　 to paint in a(n) 10.　　　 or realistic way
答案:1.religion　2.unrealistic　3.people　4.humanistic
5.perspective　6.nature　7.outer　8.warmth
9.reality　10.abstract
细读教材P2-3课文,完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1.Part 1(Para.1)　　　　A.The Renaissance
2.Part 2(Para.2) B.The Middle Ages
3.Part 3(Paras.3~5) C.Introduction
4.Part 4(Paras.6~7) D.Modern Art
5.Part 5(Para.8) E.Impressionism
答案:1—5　CBAED
Ⅱ.单项选择
1.The painters during the Middle Ages mainly 　　　　.
A.showed people as they really were
B.looked at their environment in new ways
C.expressed their respect and love for nature
D.represented religious themes
2.According to the text,the painters during the Renaissance 　　　　.
①adopted a more humanistic attitude to life
②discovered the rules of perspective
③developed oil paints
④broke away from the traditional style of painting
A.①③④ B.②③④
C.①②④ D.①②③
3.Who was first to use perspective in his paintings in 1428
A.Bondone.
B.Roman and Greek painters.
C.Masaccio.
D.The Impressionists.
4.Which of the following is NOT true about Impressionism
A.It appeared in the early 20th century.
B.It was the beginning of modern art.
C.Its painters were the first ones to work outdoors.
D.It was not accepted at first.
答案:1—4　DDCA
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能——描述发展变化
A.阅读课文中含有描述发展变化的语句。
1.This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337).
2.New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages.
B.判断下列语句中哪个不是描述发展变化的语句。
1.An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401-1428).
2.Another innovation was the use of oil paints.
3.While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life,others,such as Renoir(1841-1919),focused on people.
答案:1;2
Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language学案
词　汇
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词词义
(　　)1.precise　　　　A.vt.购买;采购
(　　)2.breakthrough B.n.名誉;名声
(　　)3.reputation C.adj.准确的;精确的
(　　)4.purchase D.n.重大进展;突破
(　　)5.subjective E.adj.主观的
答案:1—5　CDBAE
b.匹配下列短语词义
(　　)1.set apart from A.关注;聚焦于
(　　)2.in particular B.喜爱;喜欢
(　　)3.as a result C.尤其;特别
(　　)4.focus on D.使与众不同;使突出;使优于……
(　　)5.be fond of E.结果
答案:1—5　DCEAB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1.　　　　 adj.现实的;逼真的
2.　　　　 n.维;规模;范围
3.　　　　 adj.有很大影响力的;有支配力的
4.　　　　 adj.崇高的;宏伟的;高贵的
　　　　 n.贵族成员;出身高贵的人
5.　　　　 n.地位;级别;行列
　　　　 vt.&vi.把……分等级;使排成行
6.　　　　 n.日出
7.　　　　 adj.外表的;外边的;外围的
8.　　　　 adj.随后的;后来的;之后的
9.　　　　 n.雕像;雕刻品;雕刻术
10.　　　　 adj.视觉的;视力的
答案:1.realistic　2.dimension　3.influential　4.noble　5.rank
6.sunrise　7.outer　8.subsequent　9.sculpture　10.visual
Ⅲ.选词填空
precise;subsequent;subjective;primitive;convey;breakthrough;mythology;purchase;reputation;photography
1.Everyone’s opinion is bound to be 　　　　.
2.His tone 　　　　 his real feelings more truly than his words.
3.In Greek 　　　　,Zeus was the ruler of Gods and men.
4.If you are not satisfied with your 　　　　,we will give you a full refund.
5.She soon acquired a 　　　　 as a first-class cook.
6.Scientists have made a 　　　　 in their treatment of that disease.
7.Can you give a more 　　　　 definition of the word
8.　　　　 man hunted wild animals with crude stone implements.
9.Developments on this issue will be dealt with in a 　　　　 report.
10.Did you see the film about Antarctica The 　　　　 was superb!
答案:1.subjective　2.conveyed　3.mythology　4.purchase　5.reputation　6.breakthrough　7.precise　8.Primitive
9.subsequent　10.photography
Ⅳ.语法填空之派生词
1.It is not 　　　　 (realism) to expect people to spend so much money.
2.Religious values can often differ greatly from 　　　　 (humanity) morals.
3.She is one of the most 　　　　 (influence) figures in local politics.
4.The 　　　　 (emerge) of the new idea encouraged us.
5.Exploring 　　　　 (out) space is a challenge to mankind.
6.He studied 　　　　 (sculptor) because he enjoyed working with clay.
答案:1.realistic　2.humanistic　3.influential　4.emergence　5.outer　6.sculpture
Ⅴ.翻译句子
1.As there have been so many different styles of Western art,it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.
　　　　　　　　　　　　,不可能在一篇短文中描述全部。
2.While his paintings still had religious themes,they showed real people in a real environment.
　　　　　　　　　　　　,但展示了真实环境中的真实人物。
3.With their deep colours and realism,some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.
　　　　　　　　　　　　,一些最好的油画作品看上去与照片相似。
4.After that,paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like.
在那之后,绘画不再需要保留　。
5.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality,but instead to ask the question,“What is art ”
　　　　　　　　　　　　,而是提出一个问题:“艺术是什么 ”
答案:1.由于西方艺术风格多种多样
2.尽管他的绘画仍是宗教主题
3.凭借其浓重的色彩和写实主义
4.人与世界的模样
5.他们所做的尝试不再是展示现实
Ⅵ.词汇运用
1.real adj.真实的;实际存在的;非凭空想象的;真的→reality n.事实→　　　　 n.现实主义画家(或作家等);现实主义者→　　　　 n.逼真;现实主义;务实作风→　　　　 adj.现实的;逼真的
2.human n.人→　　　　 n.人性;人道;(统称)人类→　　　　 adj.人文主义的
3.influence n.影响 v.影响→　　　　 adj.有很大影响力的;有支配力的
4.emerge vi.&vt.出现;浮现;暴露→　　　　 n.出现;兴起
5.sculpt v.雕刻;雕塑;使具有某种形状→　　　　 n.雕刻家;雕塑家→　　　　 n.雕像;雕刻品;雕刻术
答案:1.realist;realism;realistic　2.humanity;humanistic
3.influential　4.emergence　5.sculptor;sculpture
Ⅶ.一词多义
rank n.(尤指较高的)地位;级别;军衔;行列 v.把……分等级;排列;使排成行
①She was not used to mixing with people of high social rank.　　　
②He was soon promoted to the rank of captain.　　　
③The tasks have been ranked in order of difficulty.　　　
④The report ranks the UK 20th out of 22 advanced nations.　　　
答案:①级别　②军衔　③分等级　④排列
Ⅷ.单句语法填空
1.What makes his parents worry is not his grades 　　　　 that he hasn’t any interest in learning.
2.　　　　 I am willing to help,I do not have much time available.
3.I’m not particular 　　　　 food.I like to eat all kinds of food.
4.We set about 　　　　 (prepare) for the party one week ago.
5.It’s the sort of work that calls for a high level of 　　　　 (concentrate).
6.It has emerged 　　　　 he stole the money.
7.The government conveyed this piece of land 　　　　 a company.
8.I think it is time you woke up and focused your thoughts 　　　　 more worldly matters.
9.Sheila’s fond 　　　　 telling other people what to do.
10.Teenage idols have a strong influence 　　　　 our children.
答案:1.but　2.While　3.about　4.preparing　5.concentration
6.that　7.to　8.on　9.of　10.on
Ⅸ.短语填空
in particular;set apart from;as a result;focus on;concentrate on;be fond of
1.Please 　　　　　　　　 the business at hand and don’t drag in irrelevant issues.
2.The government appears to have miscalculated and bills are higher 　　　　　　　　.
3.I have had a lot of comments about that carving 　　　　　　　　.
4.Others 　　　　　　　　 titles and honors,but I am not.
5.Graf’s natural athleticism 　　　　 her 　　　　　　　 other tennis players.
6.Business managers are 　　　　　　　　 increasing their personal wealth by any available means.
答案:1.concentrate on　2.as a result　3.in particular　4.are fond of　5.set;apart from　6.focused on
Ⅹ.课文语法填空
Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.There are so many different styles of Western art 1.　　　 　 it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. 2.　　　　 (consequent),it will tell about only the most important ones.During the Middle Ages the main aim of painters was to represent 3.　　　　 (religion) themes.Artists were not interested 4.　　　　 showing nature and people but 5.　　　　 (create) a feeling of respect and love for God.In the Renaissance new ideas and values replaced those 6.　　　　 (hold) in the Middle Ages when people paid more attention to humans.One of the most important 7.　　　 (discover) during this period was 8.　　　　 to draw things in perspective.Then in Modern Art,the painter does not attempt 9.　　　　 (paint) objects as we see them with our eyes but concentrates 10.　　　　 certain qualities of the object.
答案:1.that　2.Consequently　3.religious　4.in　5.creating
6.held　7.discoveries　8.how　9.to paint　10.on
原文呈现
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
　　What is Western art It is hard to give a precise①definition②.As there have been so many different styles of Western art,it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
The Middle Ages(from the 5th to the 15th century)
During the Middle Ages,the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity③.Thus,artists were not interested in painting realistic④scenes⑤.Their works⑥ were often primitive⑦ and two-dimensional⑧,and the main characters⑨ were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance.This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337)⑩.While his paintings still had religious themes,they showed real people in a real environment.[1] In particula,his paintings are set apart fro other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impac.
[1]while引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管”。
The Renaissance(from the 14th to the 17th century)
New ideas and values gradually replace old ones from the Middle Ages.As a resul,painters concentrated less o religious themes.They began to adop a more humanisti attitude to life.An important breakthroug during this period was the use of perspectiv by Masaccio(1401-1428).Influentia painters such as Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519),Michelangelo(1475-1564),and Raphael(1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovation to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
Another innovation was the use of oil paints.With their deep colours and realis,some of the best oil paintings look like photograph.While painters as early a Da Vinci had used oil,this technique reached its heigh with Rembrandt(1606-1669),who gained a reputatio as a master of shado and light.
　　In subject matter,the emphasi increasingly shifte from religious themes to people and the world around us.Kings,noble,and people of high rank wanted to purchas accurat pictures of themselves and the people they loved.Others wanted paintings showing important historica events or stories from mytholog.Finally,most client wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.
Impressionism(late 19th to early 20th century)
The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century.After that,paintings were no longe needed to preserv what people and the world looked like.[2] Hence,painters had to find a new way of looking at their art.From this,Impressionism emerge in France.The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet(1840-1926) called Impression,Sunrise.In this work,Monet’s aim was to conve the light and movement in the scene—the subjectiv impression the scene gave him—but not a detaile record of the scene itself.
[2]what引导宾语从句,作preserve的宾语。
While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life,others,such as Renoir (1841-1919),focused o people.Unlike the cold,black-and-white photograph of that time period,Renoir’s paintings are full of light,shadow,colour,and life.He sough to show not just the oute image of his subjects,but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
Modern Art(from the 20th century to today)
After Impressionism,subsequen artists began to ask,“What do we do next ” Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973) tried to analys the shapes which existe in the natural world but in a new way,with Cubis.Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like qualit.Still others turned to abstract art.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality,but instead to ask the question,“What is art ”
名师圈点
①precise adj.准确的;精确的
②definition n.定义
③Christianity 基督教
④realistic adj.现实的;逼真的
⑤scene n.场景;场面
⑥work n.著作
⑦primitive adj.发展水平低的;原始的;远古的
⑧two-dimensional adj.二维的
⑨character n.人物;角色
⑩Giotto di Bondone乔托·迪·邦多纳(1267—1337),意大利画家、雕塑家与建筑师,被认定为意大利文艺复兴时期的开创者,被誉为“欧洲绘画之父”。
in particular 特别;尤其
set apart from使与众不同;使突出;使优于……
impact n.影响
replace v.代替;取代
as a result结果
concentrate on集中于
adopt vt.采用,采纳;收养
humanistic adj.人文主义的
breakthrough n.突破;重大进展
perspective n.透视法
influential adj.有很大影响力的;有支配力的
innovation n.创新
realism n.现实主义
photograph n.照片
　photography n.照相术;摄影
as early as早在
height n.高;高度
reputation n.名誉;名声
shadow n.影;阴影
emphasis n.重点
shift vt.转移;挪动
noble n.贵族成员;出身高贵的人
purchase vt.购买;采购
n.购买;购买的东西
accurate adj.精确的;准确的
historical adj.历史的
mythology n.神话;虚幻的想法
client n.委托人;当事人;客户
no longer不再
preserve v.保存;保留
emerge vi.&vt.出现;浮现;暴露
convey vt.表达;传递;传送
subjective adj.主观的
detailed adj.详细的;详尽的
focus on注意;集中于;聚焦于
black-and-white photograph 黑白照片
seek v.寻找;寻求
outer adj.外边的;外围的
subsequent adj.随后的;后来的;之后的
analyse v.分析
exist v.存在
Cubism n.立体主义
quality n.质量;品质
译文参考
西方绘画简史
什么是西方艺术 很难给出一个明确的定义。由于西方艺术风格多种多样,不可能在一篇短文中描述全部。也许,了解西方艺术的最好方法就是回顾若干个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。
中世纪时期(5-15世纪)
中世纪时期,西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教。因此,艺术家们对描绘真实场景并无兴趣,他们的作品往往是原始的、二维的,主角也通常被塑造得比其他人高大许多,以显示其重要性。13世纪乔托·迪·邦多纳(1267年-1337年)的出现改变了这一现象。尽管他的绘画仍是宗教主题,但展示了真实环境中的真实人物。他的绘画尤其以逼真的人脸和强烈的情感冲击而与众不同。
文艺复兴时期(14-17世纪)
新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪时期旧的思想和价值观。因此,画家们较少关注宗教主题。他们开始对生活采取一种更为人性化的态度。这一时期的一项重大突破是马萨乔( 1401年-1428年)对透视法的运用。在乔托和马萨乔创新的基础上,莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452年-1519年)、米开朗琪罗(1475年-1564年)和拉斐尔(1483年-1520年)等颇具影响力的画家创作出了欧洲有史以来最伟大的一些艺术作品。
另一大创新是油性颜料的使用。凭借其浓重的色彩和写实主义,一些最好的油画作品看上去与照片相似。虽然像达·芬奇这么早的画家就已经开始用颜料画画,但这一技艺走向鼎盛则始于获得光影大师称号的伦勃朗(1606年-1669年)。
在题材方面,重心日益从宗教主题转向我们身边的人与世界。国王、贵族和地位显赫的人都想购买自己及其所爱之人的精确画像,而其他人想要的则是展示重大历史事件或神话故事的绘画。最后,大多数顾客想要的是漂亮、有趣的绘画。
印象派时期(19世纪末-20世纪初)
在19世纪中叶摄影术发明之前,西方艺术发展缓慢。摄影术发明之后,绘画不再需要保留人与世界的模样。因此,画家必须找到一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。于是,印象主义在法国应运而生。这项新运动的名称源自克劳德·莫奈(1840年-1926年)名为《日出·印象》的绘画作品。在这幅作品里,莫奈的目的是传递场景中的光与运动——即场景给予他的主观印象,而非对场景本身的一种具体记录。
虽然许多印象派画家描绘的是大自然或日常生活中的场景,但是雷诺阿(1841年-1919年)等其他画家却侧重于人物。与那一时期冷色调的黑白照片不同,雷诺阿的绘画饱含光、影、色彩和生活元素。他力求既展示主题人物的外在形象,又展现其内在的温暖和人性。
现代艺术时期(20世纪至今)
在印象主义之后,后代的艺术家们开始发问:“接下来我们应该做什么 ”毕加索( 1881年-1973年)等画家试图分析自然世界中存在的形状,但是以一种新的方式——立体主义。其他画家则赋予自己的绘画一种写实却又梦幻般的品质。还有一些画家则转向抽象艺术。他们所做的尝试不再是展示现实,而是提出这一问题:“艺术是什么 ”
Learning About Language学案
不定式作表语
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.My work is 　　　　 (clean) the room every day.
2.To do two things at a time is 　　　　 (do) neither.
3.The next step is 　　　　 (make) sure that you know exactly what is required.
4.You must be patient and persistent if you are 　　　　 (succeed).
5.What am I 　　　　 (do) if I have no money
答案:1.to clean　2.to do　3.to make　4.to succeed　5.to do
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
I am a manager of a small company.My job is 1.　　　　 (manage) the daily work of the company.One day,I was 2.　　　 (leave) the company when I found a little boy was 3.　　 (slip) into the building of the company.I stopped him and asked what he was 4.　　　　 (do).He explained that he was 5.　　　　 (see) the process of how our product was worked 6.　　　　.I told him it was too late 7.　　　　 (do) that and he could come earlier next day and I would show him 8.　　　　 our company in person.The boy waved goodbye 9.　　　　 me and left happily.I thought all he had to do was 10.　　　　 (study) hard at school.
答案:1.to manage　2.to leave　3.to slip　4.to do　5.to see
6.out　7.to do　8.around　9.to　10.to study
词汇复习学案
1.precise adj.准确的;精确的
precisely adv.准确地;精确地;的确如此
exact adj.精确的;准确的;严谨的
exactly adv.精确地;准确地;到底;正是如此;完全正确
1)What is Western art It is hard to give a precise definition.
2)She speaks very precise English/ French/ German.
3)They will never know the precise details of his death.
2.precisely adv.准确地;精确地;的确如此
1)Nobody knows precisely how many people are still living in the cave.
2)The child always expressed herself precisely.
3)—So you think I ought to apply for the job
—Precisely.
3.Christianity n.基督教
1)During the Middle Ages,the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.
2)They believe in Christianity.
3)Christianity failed to spread in China.
4)Has Christianity had an impact upon Chinese society
4.realistic adj.现实的;逼真的
real adj.真的;真实的;实在的
really adv.真实地;的确;非常
reality n.现实;真实;实际情况
1)Thus,artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes.
2)Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality.
3)You need to have realistic expectations of the returns from investments.
4)It is not realistic for us to attend a key university.
5)We have to be realistic about our chances of winning the war.
5.realism n.逼真;现实主义;务实作风
1)With their deep colours and realism,some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.
2)Realism is a technique of expression of art.
3)It is time now to show more realism.
6.realist n.现实主义画家(或作家等);现实主义者
1)I’m a realist—I know what I am and what I can do.
2)He was a realist because he recognized and respected power.
7.primitive adj.发展水平低的;原始的;远古的
n.文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品)
1)Primitive people usually lived in caves and died very young.
2)Primitive man made primitive tools from stones and bones.
3)Living conditions in the village are still quite primitive.
4)He was an Italian primitive.
8.two-dimensional adj.二维的
1)Their works were often primitive and two -dimensional,and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance.
2)Two -dimensional models are designed in different ways.
9.dimension n.维;规模;范围
1)His job added a new dimension to his life.
2)There is another dimension to the problem that you haven’t considered.
3)Time can be regarded as the fourth dimension.
10.in particular尤其;特别=particularly
1)The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was excellent.
2)He is good at playing basketball in particular.
3)In particular I admire his determination.
11.set apart from使与众不同;使突出;使优于……
1)In particular,his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.
2)Her fluent English set her apart from her fellow classmates.
3)By learning Chinese,he can set himself apart from other job applicants.
12.humanistic adj.人文主义的
human adj.人的;人类的;人本性的;通人情的;
n.人=human being(复数: humans) (复数: human beings)
humankind n.人;人类(U)
mankind n.人类(U)
man n.人类(U)
1)They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.
2)There are not enough scholars in humanistic studies.
3)Humanistic thinking helps us understand what we should do.
13.humanity n.人性;人道;(统称)人类 (U)
1)You must never forget your humanity.
2)We should treat animals with humanity.
3)China ought to make a greater contribution to humanity.
14.breakthrough n.重大进展;突破
make/ achieve a breakthrough (in...)(在……)取得突破
1)An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401—1428).
2)Scientists have made a breakthrough in their treatment of that disease.
3)Scientists have made a major breakthrough in cancer research/ in the fight against cancer.
4)Is it the breakthrough that we’ve been waiting for
15.influential adj.有很大影响力的;有支配力的
influence n./ v. 影响;支配;控制
have an/ no influence on/ upon...对……有/ 无影响
1)He was one of the most influential figures in agriculture.
2)Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci(1452—1519),Michelangelo (1475—1564),and Raphael (1483—1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
3)Influential friends helped him to get a good job.
16.reputation n.名誉;名声
fame n.名声;声誉;名气
have a good/ bad reputation有好的/ 坏的名声
earn/ gain/ acquire a reputation赢得声誉
establish/ build a reputation确立/ 树立声誉
damage/ ruin sb’s reputation有损/ 毁坏某人的名声
1)While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil,this technique reached its height with Rembrandt(1606—1669),who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
2)He has a high reputation for his excellent poems.
3)Within a few years her reputation spread near and far.
4)I have a reputation for being a strict teacher.
17.noble n.贵族成员;出身高贵的人
adj.崇高的;宏伟的;高贵的
1)The mother believes her duty is to raise her son to become a man with a noble mind and a generous heart.
2)Do you have a noble ideal
3)The heroes have set a noble example to/ for us.
4)Lots of nobles left the city before the war.
18.rank n.地位;级别;行列;军衔
vt.&vi.把……分等级;使排成行
position n.位置;地位;职位
1)China is now in the front rank of world powers.
2)The man is a painter of the first rank.
3)This year many people have joined the ranks of the unemployed.
4)Tsinghua University is ranked number one in China.
5)Last term,he was ranked second/ third in his class.
19.purchase vt.购买;采购(正式用词)
n.购买;购买的东西
make a purchase of=buy sth购买
buy (bought) v.买;购买(普通用词)
afford v.买得起;有钱/ 时间做(afford sth)
acquire v.购得
1)Kings,nobles,and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.
2)She has purchased/ bought an apartment in the city.
3)In 1867,the USA purchased the land from Russia for $7,200,000.
4)His latest purchase was a green T-shirt.
5)The girl paid for her purchases and then left the mall.
6)Last year they made the purchase of a red car.
20.mythology n.神话;虚幻的想法
fable n.寓言;寓言故事
1)Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology.
2)She studies Greek and Roman mythology.
3)In Greek mythology,Zeus(宙斯) was the ruler of Gods and men.
4)There are thousands of love stories in Greek mythology.
21.client n.委托人;当事人;客户
entrust v.委托;托付
customer n.顾客;主顾;客户
consumer n.消费者;顾客;用户
1)Finally,most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.
2)The client was too poor to pay his lawyer.
3)The company required the clients to pay a large sum of money in advance.
22.photography n.照相术;摄影
photographer n.拍照者;摄影师
photograph n.照片;相片=photo
take a photo/ picture (of...)照相
1)The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century.
2)We share a common interest in photography.
3)His hobbies include hiking and photography.
23.emerge vi.&vt.出现;浮现;暴露
appear v.出现;呈现;显现
(强调进入视野为人所见,也指公开露面为公众所看见)
expose v.暴露;揭露
arise v.产生;出现(多指问题、困境等出现)
1)From this,Impressionism emerged in France.
2)The soldier finally emerged from the river.
3)The sun emerged from behind the clouds.
4)With the rapid development of science,some problems emerge in the process of science.
24.sunrise n.日出
at sunrise/ sunset在日出/ 日落的时候
rise v.升起
set=sink=go down v.落下
1)The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840—1926) called Impression,Sunrise.
2)We came here to see the sunrise.
3)The sunrise is a beautiful scene.
25.convey vt.表达;传递(思想、感情等);传送
express v.表达;表现;表示
express oneself表达思想/ 想法/ 意见/ 感情
1)Her uncle conveyed the message to me.
2)Please convey my apology/ gratitude/ congratulations to your aunt.
3)This pipeline conveys natural gas to many cities in East China.
26.subjective adj.主观的
objective adj.客观的
positive adj.积极的;肯定的
negative adj.消极的;否定的
neutral adj.中立的
1)Everyone’s opinion is bound to be subjective.
2)In this work,Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
3)Subjective wishes are one thing;objective reality is another.
27.outer adj.外表的;外边的;外围的
inner adj.里面的;内部的;内心的
1)He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects,but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
2)She heard a scream in the outer room.
3)They have been visited by creatures from outer space.
4)Exploring outer space is a challenge to mankind/ man.
5)They believe that there is life in outer space.
28.subsequent adj.随后的;后来的;之后的
subsequently adv.随后;后来;之后
(be) subsequent to...在……之后
1)After Impressionism,subsequent artists began to ask,“What do we do next ”
2)Subsequent events showed that I was right.
3)On the day subsequent to my visit,she disappeared.
29.fond adj.喜爱
30.be fond of 喜爱;喜欢
1)I am really fond of Barbara.
2)We are fond of the old house and don’t want to leave.
3)She is fond of collecting rare stamps.
31.fine art (also fine arts) 美术(尤其绘画和雕塑)
1)The Richfield Museum of Fine Art is proud to present our new exhibition,“From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages.”
2)Italy is well-known for its fine art,tasty food and romantic scenery.
3)Chinese fine art has a very long history.
32.sculpture n.雕像;雕刻品;雕刻术
carve v.雕刻
status n.地位;身份;职位
statue n.雕塑;雕像;塑像
1)From bronze bowls to ceramic vases,and jade sculptures to ink wash paintings,our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times.
2)There are many famous sculptures in Italy.
3)He can be called an artist,as he is good at sculpture.
33.sculptor n.雕刻家;雕塑家
1)There was a time when I wanted to be a sculptor.
2)He can make/ become a good sculptor.
3)His American wife is a sculptor and designer.
34.visual adj.视觉的;视力的
a visual art/ effect 视觉艺术/ 效果
sight n.视力
eyesight n.视力
1)The boy has a very good visual memory.
2)His designs have a strong visual appeal.
3)If you easily remember information from pictures,charts and videos,you are likely a visual learner.
35.water lily n.睡莲
1)Sometimes you can find a water lily with white flowers.
2)The water lily in the stream is in full blossom now.
36.pond n.池塘;水池 (尤指人工建造的池塘)
pool n.水塘,池塘 (尤指自然形成的池塘)
pound n.英镑;磅
1)There was a deep pond behind the house.
2)The pond is about four metres deep.
3)The children like to throw stones into the pond.
37.arched adj.拱形的;弓形的
archery n.射箭术;射箭运动
1)The stone arched bridge dates back to the Sui Dynasty.
2)Do you like the chair with an arched back
38.arch vt.& vi.呈弧形横跨;(使)成弓形
n.拱;拱形结构;拱门
1)The lion/ tiger arched its back to jump on the deer.
2)Two rows of trees arched over the road.
3)A bright rainbow arched across the sky after the rain.
4)Go through the brick arch and then follow the path.
5)The bridge has 16 arches.
39.investment n.投资额;投资;(时间、精力的)投入
encourage investment 鼓励投资
make an investment 进行投资
long-term/ short-term investment 长期/ 短期投资
1)The new airport is the main factor driving investment in the region.
2)China encourages foreign investment all the time.
3)I worry about this big investment of time and effort.
4)Total overseas investment is expected to reach $90 billion.
40.bride n.新娘
bridegroom/ groom n.新郎
1)The bride was dressed in white.
2)The bride appeared five years younger than her actual age.
3)Let’s raise our glasses and drink to the bride and bridegroom.
41.permanent adj.永久的;永恒的;长久的
permanently adv.永久地;永远;长期
1)The aim of the two leaders at the conference was to achieve permanent peace between their two countries.
2)She wants to find a permanent job.
3)Heavy drinking can cause permanent damage to the brain and the liver.
42.memorial n.纪念碑(或像等);纪念物;纪念品
adj.纪念的;悼念的
...memorial to sb/ sth ……的纪念碑
...monument to sb/ sth ……的纪念碑
a memorial statue/ prize 纪念像/ 奖
1)What the survivors attempted to do was to build a memorial to the heroes who saved their lives.
2)The town raised a memorial to those killed in the war/ earthquake.
3)Yesterday we visited the Lincoln Memorial.
4)Now we come to the Monument to the People’s Heroes.
5)Why do Chinese people hold memorial ceremonies for the victims every year
43.humble adj.谦逊的;虚心的;卑微的
modest adj.谦虚的;庄重的;朴素的
proud adj.骄傲的;自豪的
1)We should be humble enough to learn from others.
2)She gave a great performance,but she was very humble.
3)Many famous people are surprisingly humble.
4)The president is a man of humble birth/ origins.
44.criticise/ criticize vi.&vt.批评;指责;评价
praise n./ v.表扬;赞扬;称赞
comment n./ v.评论;批评;解释
comment on/ upon 评论
1)For a humble person,one of the hardest things might be to criticise other people.
2)Japan’s decision was criticized by many countries in Asia.
3)People often lose confidence when they are criticized.
4)She likes to criticise other people behind their backs.
45.criticism n.批评;指责;评论
receive/ take (accept) criticism 受到/ 接受批评
attract/ draw criticism 招致批评
1)Japan’s decision has drawn a lot of criticism.
2)The plan has attracted criticism from many farmers.
3)My criticism isn’t aimed at the headmaster.
4)News criticism is always an important content of newspapers.
46.representative adj.典型的;有代表性的
n.代表
represent v.代表;象征;体现
represent sb/sth 代表……
on behalf of 代表;代替
stand for 代表;象征
1)The committee includes representatives from industry and agriculture.
2)She is President’s representative at the ceremony.
3)The man was the first representative to Japan.
4)He is the permanent representative of China to the UN.
47.ink n.墨水;墨汁;油墨
in ink 用墨水/ 墨汁/ 油墨
in pencil 用铅笔
with a/ the/ this/ one’s pencil 用铅笔
with a/ the/ this/ one’s pen 用钢笔
1)He used some paper to absorb the ink.
2)The pen ran out of ink after being used for several days.
3)You have spilt red ink all over my white shirt.
48.animation n.(电脑、录像)动画制作;动画片
cartoon n.漫画;幽默画;卡通片;动画片
animal n.兽;动物
computer/ cartoon animation 电脑动画/ 动画片制作
1)These pictures are representative of ink wash animation films(水墨动画电影).
2)The electronic dictionary included some animations.
3)They used computer animation in the film.
49.frame n.画面;框架
vt.给……镶框;陷害
fame n.名声;声誉;名气
1)Standard 8mm projects(放映) at 16 frames per second.
2)The window frame is broken now.
3)The painting has been framed.
4)I must find out who tried to frame me.
50.symphony n.交响乐;交响曲
music n.音乐
musical adj.音乐的;悦耳的
n.音乐片;音乐剧
musician n.音乐家;乐师
conduct v.领导;指挥;实施
conductor n.售票员;指挥
compose v.作曲;创作
composer n.作曲家;创作者
composition n.作文;作品;成分;结构
1)There was a symphony concert at the Great Hall of the People last Friday.
2)The hostess said she was going to play Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony.
3)I am writing a new symphony.
51.decline n.(数量、价格、质量等的)减少;下降;衰落
vi.&vt.减少;下降;衰落;谢绝
decrease v.减少;降低
reduce v.减少;缩小;降低
fall (fell,fallen) v.减少;下降;落下;跌倒
drop v.下降;降低;减少;落下
increase v./ n.增加;增长;增大;增强
rise(rose,risen) v.上升;升高;增加;增长
(to:增加/ 减少到多少　by: 增加/ 减少的幅度)
refuse v.拒绝;回绝
reject v.拒绝接受;拒收;不录用
a rapid/ sharp/ gradual decline 迅速/ 急剧/ 逐渐下降
decline an offer/ invitation 谢绝一个提议/ 邀请
1)The number of tourists to India declined by 80% last year.
2)The old man’s health is declining rapidly.
3)I offered to give her a lift but she declined/ refused.
4)The spokesman declined/ refused to comment on their election.
5)There has been a sharp economic decline in the UK over the last two years.
52.exhibition n.展览;(技能、感情或行为的)表演
perform v.表演;演出
performance n.演出;表演
performer n.表演者;演员
on exhibition/ show/ display 在展览
visit/ see an exhibition 看展览
1)The highlight of this exhibition is the painting Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass,one of the great works of Tang Yin (1470-1524).
2)An art exhibition will be held in the central hall.
3)The exhibition of the footballer’s speed and skill surprised the entire audience.
53.bronze n.青铜;深红褐色
adj.青铜色的;深红褐色的
1)Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BCE).
2)There is a bronze statue in the park.
3)This statue is made of bronze.
4)Her hair is bronze.
54.ceramic n.陶瓷制品;制陶艺术
china n.瓷器;瓷制品;瓷料
We will go to an exhibition of ceramics the day after tomorrow.
55.vase n.花瓶;装饰瓶
bottle n.瓶子
1)The flowers in the vase have faded.
2)Last Tuesday I saw the vase in the window of an antique shop.
56.artistic adj.艺术的;艺术家的
art n.美术;绘画;艺术;技巧;文科
artist n.艺术家
science n.科学;学科;理科
1)The young man has great artistic talent.
2)The findings are believed to have tremendous artistic value.
3)From bronze bowls to ceramic vases,and jade sculptures to ink wash paintings,our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times.
4)I’d rather concentrate on artistic efforts than save the world or something.
57.entry n.加入;进入;参与
enter v.进入;加入;参加;登录;输入
entrance n.进入;入口
at the entrance to/ of... 在……的入口
gain entry into 进入
have/ get/ gain access to...可以进入/ 接近……
exit n.出口;退场
v.出去;离去
at the exit from...在……的出口
1)The students were surprised by the sudden entry of their headteacher.
2)Entry to the museum is free.
3)How did the thief gain entry into the bank
4)America’s entry into the war changed the whole war situation.
58.civil adj.国民的;民用的;民事的
the civil service 公务员;文职人员(接单数或复数动词)
civil rights 公民权;民权
civil law 民事法;民法
civil war 内战
1)Born during the Ming Dynasty,Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service,so he turned to painting instead.
2)It was a civil case,so she was not sent to prison.
3)The country is sliding into a state of virtual civil war.
59.recognition n.承认;认出;赞誉
recognize/ recognise v.承认;认出;感谢
gain/ get/ receive recognition (for...) 获得赞誉
seek international/ official/ formal recognition
寻求国际上的/ 官方的/ 正式的承认
1)In time,he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists China has ever known.
2)At last,my hard work received popular recognition.
3)The district has changed beyond recognition.
4)As I approached,she gave no sign of recognition.
60.Buddhist adj.佛教的
n.佛教徒
1)Finally,we have many fine examples of Tang Dynasty (618—907) sculptures.Most of these are of Buddhist origin.
2)Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road.
3)There is a Buddhist temple on the mountain.
4)You may go around Nanshan Temple if you are a Buddhist.
61.Buddhism n.佛教
佛教是与基督教、伊斯兰教并称的世界三大宗教之一。佛教产生于公元前6~5世纪的古印度。创始人悉达多·乔达摩(又称释迦牟尼)生于今尼泊尔境内的蓝毗尼,是释迦族的一个王子。他在青少年时即感到人世间变幻无常,深思解脱人生苦难之道。他20多岁时离家修行,后被尊称 “佛陀”(意为觉悟者,简称 “佛”)。得道成佛后,在印度恒河流域中部地区向大众宣传自己证悟的真理,并形成佛教。释迦牟尼80岁时在拘尸那迦涅槃。
佛教大约是在公元67年传入中国。佛教在中国主要有汉传、藏传和南传佛教三大派别。
1)These works were intended to spread Buddhism and they are of exceptional beauty and quality.
2)From that time forward/ on/ onwards,Buddhism spread across China.
3)Buddhism was introduced into China about AD 67.
4)Han Chinese Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism are by nature the same.
62.expansion n.扩张;扩展;扩大
expand v.增大;增加;展开;扩大;扩张
1)Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier,it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century.
2)The company has abandoned plans for further expansion.
3)Their desire for expansion has increased.
63.bring...to life 赋予……生命;使……鲜活起来
come to life 苏醒;表现生动;变得活跃;振作
come back to life 苏醒;复活=come to (oneself)
1)History is brought to life.
2)My mother died in 2003—I wish I could bring her back to life.
3)The water will bring the vegetables to life.
64.guarantee vt.保证;确保;肯定……必然发生
n.保证;保修单;担保物
promise n.诺言;许诺
v.许诺;保证;答应
be guaranteed to do sth 肯定会/ 必定会做什么
be bound to do...一定做什么
1)We guarantee that “ From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages” will transport you to another time with its amazing collection of works.
2)You can guarantee (that) some students will spend time on the phone at night.
3)They guarantee/ promise to finish the work within a week.
4)The law guarantees equal rights for men and women.
5)She gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again.
6)The car has a ten-year guarantee.
65.contemporary adj.当代的;现代的;属同时期的
n.同代人;同辈人
contemporary novel/ music/ dance 当代小说/ 音乐/ 舞蹈
be contemporary with...与……属同时期
1)I don’t really like contemporary music/ poems.
2)Shakespeare was not contemporary with Dickens.
3)He is a contemporary of mine,but our experiences are completely different.
66.worthy adj.值得……的;有价值的
be worthy of+名词 值得……
be worthy to be done...值得被做=be worthy of being done
be worth (钱/ doing) 值……钱/值得做
be well worth doing...很值得做
It is worth doing...做……是值得的
It is worthwhile doing/ to do...做……是值得的
1)Though you lost,it was a worthy experience.
2)That’s a worthy task.
67.be worthy of值得
be worthy of attention/ note/ trust值得注意/ 信赖
1)If you are not interested in works of art by classical masters,contemporary art by representative artists is also worthy of your attention.
2)Your behavior is worthy of praise.
3)The Great Wall of China is worthy of a visit.
=The Great Wall of China is worthy of being visited.
=The Great Wall of China is worthy to be visited.
=The Great Wall of China is worth visiting.
68.The Middle Ages中世纪
1)The history of the town dates back to the Middle Ages.
2)In the Middle Ages many people believed that the earth was the centre of the universe.
69.Giotto di Bondone 乔托·迪·邦多纳(意大利画家、雕刻家、建筑师)
This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337).
70.the Renaissance 文艺复兴(时期)
The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century)
1)During the Renaissance,Latin was greatly used.
2)Italy did have many great artists during the Renaissance.
3)In the Renaissance,new ideas and values took the place of those held in the Middle Ages.
71.Masaccio 马萨乔(意大利现实主义画家)
72.Leonardo da Vinci莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(意大利艺术家、学者、发明家)
莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452-1519),意大利文艺复兴三杰之一(另外两人是米开朗琪罗和拉斐尔)。他是一位思想深邃、学识渊博、多才多艺的画家、寓言家、雕塑家、发明家、哲学家、音乐家、医学家、生物学家、地理学家、建筑工程师和军事工程师。他广泛地研究与绘画有关的光学、数学、地质学、生物学等多种学科。保存下来的手稿大约有6 000页。现代学者称他为“文艺复兴时期最完美的代表”,是人类历史上绝无仅有的全才,其最大的成就是绘画,《蒙娜丽莎》和《最后的晚餐》是他的杰作代表。他的艺术实践和科学探索精神对后代产生了重大而深远的影响。
73.Michelangelo 米开朗琪罗(意大利雕塑家、画家、建筑师、诗人)
米开朗琪罗·迪·洛多维科(1475-1564),意大利雕塑家、画家、建筑师、诗人,文艺复兴时期雕塑艺术最高峰的代表,“文艺复兴三杰”之一,以人物“健美”著称,即使女性的身体也描画得肌肉健壮。米开朗琪罗脾气暴躁、不合群,和达·芬奇与拉斐尔都合不来,经常和他的恩主顶撞,但他一生追求艺术的完美,坚持自己的艺术思路。他于1564年在罗马去世,他的风格影响了几乎三个世纪的艺术家。小行星3001以他的名字命名。米开朗琪罗的代表作有《大卫》《创世纪》等。
74.Raphael 拉斐尔(意大利画家)
75.Rembrandt 伦勃朗(荷兰画家)
76.Impressionism n.印象主义;印象派 (绘画风格)
1)Impressionism received its name from an early painting by Claude Monet titled Impression,Sunrise.
2)After Impressionism,subsequent artists began to ask,“What do we do next ”
3)Impressionism opened the door of Modern Western Art.
77.Claude Monet 克劳德·莫奈(法国印象派画家)
78.Renoir 雷诺阿 (法国印象派画家)
79.Picasso 毕加索(西班牙画家、雕塑家)
Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973) tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way,with Cubism.
80.Cubism 立体主义;立体派
1)We can see the influence of Cubism in the artist’s early works.
2)I was looking for Picasso,the master of Cubism and Modern Art.
81.Giverny 吉维尼(法国小镇)
82.Tadpoles Searching for Mother 《小蝌蚪找妈妈》
83.The Cowboy’ s Flute 《牧笛》
84.Feeling from Mountain and Water 《山水情》
85.Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass《函关雪霁图》(明代画家唐寅画作)
UNIT 2　HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
教学设计
Reading and Thinking:HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
文本简析
本单元阅读文本的话题是“健康的生活方式”,旨在帮助学生认识习惯的本质及其运转原理,在此基础上,利用习惯周期,聚焦影响习惯改变的关键因素,尽早识别和改变坏习惯,从而树立积极的生活态度和健康的生活方式,提升识别问题、分析问题和解决问题的意识和能力。
本语篇类型为论说文,兼具议论文和说明文的特征。文本第一段旨在提出问题,作者阐述了坏习惯的危害,并指出青少年应学会尽早识别坏习惯并做出恰当改变。第二、第三段旨在分析问题,作者阐明了习惯的内涵,并利用现代心理学知识——“习惯周期”,揭示了习惯的运转原理。第四、第五段旨在解决问题,第四段阐述了习惯周期的应用价值,第五段则阐述了改变坏习惯的其他关键因素,包括时间和自律等。第六段作者重申论说点,并呼吁年轻人认真思考并做出改变,从而建立健康快乐的生活方式。
在进行本文教学设计时,除梳理文本内容和结构外,教师应引导学生积累有关“健康的生活方式”的话题词汇,如physical and mental health,habit,appropriate,alcohol,tobacco,abuse,facilitate,examine,discipline,dominate等。学生学习语言时,应尽可能融合内容的学习及思维的培养。引导学生利用思维导图梳理语篇结构,建构对习惯这一概念及其运转原理的认识,培养其逻辑思维能力,提高学生认识问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力。
Reading and Thinking教学设计(共2课时)
第1课时
一、教学内容
整体梳理语篇结构和文本内容,归纳坏习惯的危害,提炼习惯的关键特征,建构对习惯的认识,阐述习惯运转原理,运用“习惯周期”理论分析常见的坏习惯,思考“习惯周期”对改变坏习惯的积极作用。
二、课时目标
1.通过自主提问,整体阅读文本、梳理语篇宏观结构、明确文本主要内容。
2.通过归纳坏习惯的危害,树立尽早识别和改变坏习惯的意识,融入tobacco,alcohol,abuse,dominate等语言学习。
3.提炼习惯的关键特征,包括重复性、选择性、自发性和不易改变性,正确建构习惯的概念。
4.通过同伴互助,阐述习惯运转原理,运用“习惯周期”分析坏习惯,思考其对改变坏习惯的作用。
三、教学过程
Activity 1:Talking about habits and raising questions by students themselves.
本活动为实现课时目标1做铺垫。
1.Check and talk about teenagers’ habits.
Ask students to check their own habits and share their opinions on the following questions.
Q1:Have you ever checked what habits you have Make a list of them in one minute.
Q2:Undoubtedly,there are good habits and bad ones in our lists.Do you want to change your bad habits
(According to students’ different opinions,the teacher writes down the following questions on the blackboard:Should bad habits be changed )
Q3:Is there any bad habit you want to change but seemingly impossible to change
(Write down the answers of students.)
2.Raise questions by students themselves.
Ask students to brainstorm what are needed if we want to change bad habits.
Q:Today,let’s make what seems impossible possible.To change our bad habits,in your opinion,what do we need to know
Possible answers:
(1)Why are bad habits so difficult to change
(2)How are bad habits formed
(3)How can bad habits be changed
(According to students’ different ideas,the teacher writes the second and the third questions on the blackboard.)
[设计意图]步骤1让学生观察和罗列自身习惯,包括好习惯和坏习惯,并针对是否想要改变坏习惯、是否有想改变坏习惯却似乎改不掉的现象表达自己的观点和看法。在此过程中,教师收集学生最普遍的坏习惯,铺垫语言如abuse,alcohol,tobacco等,从而为后续阅读做好话题和语言上的准备。步骤2针对解决问题,让学生展开自主提问和思考,教师筛选出学生的自主提问内容,为后续语篇学习提供方向。
Activity 2:Figuring out the main idea and the structure of the article.
本活动为实现课时目标1。
Read to find out which questions are answered and in which paragraph(s) they are answered.
Ask students to read the whole passage and make sure whether the following questions are discussed.If yes,relate the questions with paragraphs.
Q1:Should bad habits be changed
Q2:How are bad habits formed
Q3:How can bad habits be changed
(Possible answer:Paragraph 1 is mainly about the first question,Paragraphs 2-3 are about the second question,while Paragraphs 4-5 are mainly about the last one.)
[设计意图]该活动中学生带着问题展开整体阅读,梳理文本主要内容和框架,有助于培养学生的语篇意识。
Activity 3:Figuring out whether bad habits should be changed (Paragraph 1).
本活动为实现课时目标2。
1.Read to find out whether bad habits should be changed.
Ask students to read Paragraph 1 carefully and underline the supporting evidence.
Q:Should bad habits be changed
(Possible answer:These bad habits,if left unchecked,could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.)
2.What can be known from “when they become adults”
(Possible answer:“in the long run” or “as time goes by”)
3.Why does the author give the example of “tobacco and alcohol abuse”
(Possible answer:It is to explain “more serious”,which refers to both “physical and mental health problems”.)
The teacher then helps students make a conclusion.
“In a word,bad habits will cause physical and mental health problems in the long run,so they should be changed early.Never should teenagers let bad habits 　　　　 their life.”
(Possible answers:influence,affect (not powerful enough),rule,control,dominate)
[设计意图]学生细读第一段,聚焦主要句子,通过分析和推断,提炼出坏习惯应该尽早改正的原因。在语境和观点表达中,体验不同语言的力量,从而感受dominate一词的真正含义,体会改变坏习惯的必要性。同时,根据学生回答情况,教师也可融入“健康与快乐”之间的辩证关系。
Activity 4:Figuring out how bad habits are formed (Paragraphs 2-3).
本活动为实现课时目标3和4。
1.Read Paragraph 2 and think about the key features of a habit.
Ask students to underline the main characteristics of a habit based on their reading.
Q1:What characteristics does a habit have
(Possible answers:repeated,automatic,much harder to change)
Q2:Why is it hard to change a habit
(Possible answer:Because we usually don’t understand how habit works.)
2.Work in pairs,read Paragraph 3 and draw out the habit cycle of one of your shared bad habits.
3.Draw a conclusion and think further.
Q1:Is it difficult for you to understand how habits work
Q2:How does the author make the habit cycle more accessible to readers
(Possible answers:By giving the definition,by giving a diagram,by giving an example.)
[设计意图]步骤1旨在引导学生分析和概括习惯的主要特征,包括重复性、选择性、自发性和不易改变性,继而针对“不易改变”这一特征展开思考,引出习惯的运转原理。步骤2通过同伴互助,选择之前分享过的共同需要改变的习惯,通过学习文本,学会自我审视和自我分析。在分享时,教师引导学生解决出现的理解性问题,例如reward,routine出现错误的情况,从而正确运用习惯周期。步骤3教师引导学生思考作者如何让抽象的现代心理学理论变得通俗易懂。该活动有助于提升学生的逻辑思维能力、语言表达能力以及理论知识的学习能力。
Assignment
Can the habit cycle help to change bad habits If yes,how can it help Write down your ideas with a specific example of your own habit cycles.
[设计意图]学生选择自己想改变的坏习惯,利用习惯周期展开分析,结合对习惯这一概念及其特征的认识,思考并举例说明习惯周期对改变坏习惯是否有积极作用。该活动旨在检测学生对本课时内容的掌握情况,同时为下一课时的学习做好铺垫与准备。
第2课时
一、教学内容
分析、归纳和提炼改变坏习惯的关键路径和因素,明确作者写作意图,坚定改变坏习惯的信念,并表达采取行动的意愿和措施,从而树立健康的生活方式。
二、课时目标
1.能提炼和概括习惯改变与养成的关键:替换习惯周期中的惯常行为,并关注时间、自律和持续努力等其他关键因素,完整回答如何改变坏习惯,融入facilitate,examine,discipline等语言学习。
2.能提炼语篇完整结构,明确作者写作目的,论述习惯改变与养成的不同方法,坚定改变坏习惯的信心和信念,树立健康的生活方式。
3.能运用习惯的特征、运转机制、影响因素、改变路径和方法,设计一份中学生某一习惯调查问卷。
三、教学过程
Activity 1:Checking the assignment and leading in.
本活动为实现课时目标1做铺垫。
Report opinions on whether the habit cycle helps to change bad habits.
Ask students to share their writings in front of class.
Q:Can the habit cycle help to change bad habits If yes,how can it help Report your ideas with a specific example of your own habit cycle.
[设计意图]该活动让学生针对第一课时作业发表观点并做课堂展示,一方面能检测学生对第一课时的掌握情况,另一方面借助学生习作回顾课文主要内容,同时能切入第二课时的阅读。
Activity 2:Reading to find out the application of the habit cycle (Paragraph 4).
本活动为实现课时目标1。
★Read to work out the author’s opinion on the application of the habit cycle.
Ask students to read Paragraph 4 and figure out what the habit cycle can be used for.
Q1:What’s the author’s opinion How do you know that
(Possible answer:Aside from changing bad habits,we can also use the habit cycle to create good ones.)
Q2:What’s the function of the above sentence
(Possible answer:It concludes the former information and introduces the following.)
Q3:How can we facilitate a positive change in our bad habits (“Facilitate” means “to make an action or a process possible or easier”.)
(Possible answer:First examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.)
Q4:How do we adapt bad habits
(Possible answer:By combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.)
Q5:According to the two examples given,what information is changed in the adapted habit cycle,cue,routine or reward / What should be changed if we want to change bad habits
(Possible answer:The routine.Change the routine,change the bad habits.)
[设计意图]引导学生关注段落承上启下的关键句,梳理出段落内结构,从而快速提炼出习惯周期的两种应用。抓住adapt的具体指代及两个例子的共性,提炼出改变坏习惯的关键在于改变习惯周期中的惯常行为(routine),以此提升学生的语言能力和思维能力。
Activity 3:Reading to figure out other key factors in changing bad habits.
本活动为实现课时目标1。
1.Read Paragraph 5 and work out what else are needed to change bad habits.
Q1:With the habit cycle,do you think bad habits can be changed right away
Q2:What else are needed Read Paragraph 5 and underline the key words.
(Possible answer:Changing bad habits also takes time,discipline and repeated efforts.)
Q3:Do you think you are a person of discipline Who is more of a person of “discipline” in the following example
Both James and John have been trying to get rid of cellphone addict.They were both on the verge of breakdown.James chose to turn to his friends for help and it worked for a while.But John chose to make a clear plan of how long he co

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