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Unit 3 Sound Body, Sound Mind　Grammar in Use
课时基本信息
课题 Unit 3 Sound Body, Sound Mind — Grammar in Use
教材 仁爱科普版（2024）英语八年级上册
课型·课时 语法课 · 1 课时
授课教师·班级 （待填）
日期 （待填）
教学重难点
【教学重点】 掌握 non-/dis-/un-/in-/im-/mis- 否定前缀，正确变换反义词。 掌握 need 的两类词性句型，结合健康主题提建议。
【教学难点】 区分各类否定前缀的适用单词，准确变形词汇。 在真实生活场景中灵活选用 need 句式表达建议。
词汇速览
non-smoker / n n sm k (r)/ n. 不吸烟者 disagree / d s ɡri / v. 不同意 unhealthy / n helθi/ adj. 不健康的
incorrect / nk rekt/ adj. 不正确的 impossible / m p s bl/ adj. 不可能的 seem /si m/ v. 好像，似乎
rid /r d/ v. 除去；摆脱 weight /we t/ n. 重量；体重
（一）语法探究——否定前缀
【过渡语】英语里给单词“戴帽子”（加前缀）就能变出反义词。让我们一起观察这顶“帽子”的六种戴法。
观察例句并注意加粗单词：
He became a non-smoker in order to keep healthy.（为了保持健康，他成了不吸烟者。）
Seafood may seem to disagree with some people.（海鲜可能不适合一些人。）
Hamburgers may taste delicious, but it is unhealthy to eat too many of them.
It is incorrect to do sports with an empty stomach.
归纳：前缀 non-、dis-、un-、mis-、in-、im- 通常表示原词的反义。
【知识点】 否定前缀与词型的对应：non- 多用于名词（non-smoker，nonstop）； dis- 用于动词（disagree，dislike）； un- 用于形容词（unhealthy，uncomfortable）； mis- 用于动词（misplace，mistake）； in- 用于普通形容词（incorrect，impatient）； im- 用于 b/p/m 开头的形容词（impossible，impolite）。
【提示框】 判断用 in- 还是 im-，只需看词根首字母：b、p、m 开头的形容词用 im-，其余多用 in-，如 impolite / impatient vs. incorrect / improper。
否定前缀分类归纳表
（二）前缀练习
练习一：用所给词的正确形式填空（dislike / uncomfortable / impossible / nonstop / misplace）：
1. It is ______ to keep healthy without good living habits.
2. Don't eat too much junk food, or you will feel ______.
3. She ______ ice cream because it's bad for her teeth.
4. My sister's room is tidy, and she never ______ her things.
5. We felt very tired after a long and ______ walk.
练习二：读短文，选词填空（impatient / nonsense / uncomfortable / improper），语篇主题为“熬夜的坏习惯”。
【知识点】 解题要点：先判断空格所需词性（名词/动词/形容词），再判断单复数与三单变化，最后核对前缀与词根的搭配是否正确，如 dislikes 须加 -s。
练习一：1. impossible　2. uncomfortable　3. dislikes　4. misplaces　5. nonstop。
练习二：improper → uncomfortable → impatient → nonsense（按行文顺序）。
（三）语法探究——need 的用法
【过渡语】接下来认识本课的第二位“主角”——need。它既是实义动词又是情态动词，两种身份各有句式。
朗读对话并注意 need 的使用：
A: What's the matter with you
B: I stayed up to watch the soccer game last night. I need to get some sleep now.
A: You can watch the games online next day. You needn't stay up. You need to take care of yourself.
归纳 need 的两种词性：
① 实义动词：有人称、时态变化，后接 to do。肯定：主语 + need(s) to do sth.；否定：主语 + don't/doesn't need to do sth.
② 情态动词：无变形，多用于否定句，后接动词原形：主语 + needn't do sth.
同义转换：don't need to do = needn't do。
Example —— need 的语境对话
A: What's the matter with you
B: I stayed up to watch the soccer game last night. I need to get some sleep now.
A: You can watch the games online next day. You needn't stay up. You need to take care of yourself.
B: OK. Thank you for your advice.
【知识点】 need 用法三条铁律：① need to do（实义动词肯定，有人称变化，三单用 needs to do）； ② don't/doesn't need to do（实义动词否定，借助助动词，to 不能省）； ③ needn't do（情态动词否定，后直接加动词原形，不加 to）。
【提示框】 易混点：needn't do 与 don't need to do 意思相同、可互换，但 needn't 后绝不能加 to； 而 don't need 后必须加 to，如 You needn't worry. = You don't need to worry.
need 用法语境对话
（四）need 巩固练习
练习一：补全表格（用所给动词的正确形式）：
1. We need ______ (get) enough sleep every day.
2. The girl is getting well and she doesn't need ______ (take) the medicine now.
3. Kangkang needn't ______ (do) the work today. He can hand it in tomorrow.
练习二：圈出正确单词：
1. He (need / needs) to take a break now. He looks so tired.
2. We (need / needn't) to play sports every day to keep healthy.
3. You (needn't / don't need) store so much food in the fridge.
4. You (needn't / don't need) to worry about your grades. Just relax.
5. Both Maria and Meimei (need / needn't) to lose weight.
练习一：to get / to take / do。
练习二：needs / need / needn't / don't need / need。
（五）核心词汇精讲
结合语境精讲三个重点词汇：
① seem v. 好像，似乎：seem + 形容词（This kind of fast food seems unhealthy.）；seem to do sth.（She seems to dislike staying up late.）；It seems that + 从句（It seems that many students are glad to do sports.）
② rid v. 除去；摆脱：get rid of 改掉、摆脱（You need to get rid of the habit of staying up late.）；be rid of 摆脱掉（状态）。
③ weight n. 重量；体重：lose weight 减肥；put on weight 增重；keep a healthy weight 保持健康体重；watch one's weight 控制体重。
1—3：A / A / B。
4—6：weight / seem / unhealthy。
1. Luggage ______ 7 kg and above must be checked (托运). The maximum ______ of carry-on luggage for our flights is 7 kg.
　　A. weighing; weight　　B. weighed; weight　　C. weighing; weigh　　D. weighed; weigh
2. ______ is the weight of the elephant
　　A. What　　B. How many　　C. How much　　D. How
3. —Must I stay here and look after the little dog 　—No, you ______.
　　A. can't　　B. needn't　　C. mustn't　　D. shouldn't
4. 根据括号内容填空：The young lady doesn't want to let others know her ________ (重量).
5. People here ________ (似乎) to live a happy life because everyone has a smile on their face.
6. To keep a positive mind, we should stay away from __________ (不健康的) feelings.
（六）拓展运用
任务一：写出下列词的否定形式并注明前缀：healthy→、polite→、stop（名词“不吸烟者”）→、agree→、possible→、patient→。
任务二：用 need 的三种句式各写一句健康建议，如 We need to drink enough water every day. / You needn't eat too much meat. / She doesn't need to stay up late.
任务三：两人互查所写句子，用“前缀词 + need 句式”改写成一段 60 词左右的《改掉坏习惯》短文。
【提示框】 自我检查：短文中的每个 need 都要问一句——是实义动词还是情态动词？后接 to do 还是动词原形？主语是否三单？
语言点归纳
核心词汇精讲：seem 的三种句式（seem + adj. / seem to do / It seems that...）可互相改写；get rid of 后接名词或动名词，表示改掉习惯；weight 常与 lose / put on / keep / watch 搭配构成“体重管理”短语族。
课堂总结
本课系统学习了六类否定前缀的适用词型与变形规则，能准确写出 unhealthy、impossible、disagree 等反义词；掌握了 need 作实义动词与情态动词的两类句式（need to do / don't need to do / needn't do），并能结合健康主题用这些句式提出恰当建议。

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