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Unit 4 Changing and Growing　Grammar in Use
课时基本信息
课题 Unit 4 Changing and Growing — Grammar in Use
教材 仁爱科普版（2024）英语八年级上册
课型·课时 语法课 · 1 课时
授课教师·班级 （待填）
日期 （待填）
教学重难点
【教学重点】 分清 -ful、-less 词义，正确变形使用派生词。 掌握过去进行时结构、时间标志词，完成问答与造句。
【教学难点】 根据语境准确选用 -ful 或 -less 形式。 区分一般过去时与过去进行时，语境中正确使用过去进行时。
词汇速览
helpful / helpfl/ adj. 有帮助的 helpless / helpl s/ adj. 无助的 useful / ju sfl/ adj. 有用的
useless / ju sl s/ adj. 无用的 careful / ke fl/ adj. 细心的 careless / ke l s/ adj. 粗心的
joyful / d fl/ adj. 开心的，喜悦的 smoke /sm k/ n. 烟；v. 吸烟
（一）语法探究——后缀 -ful 与 -less
【过渡语】同一个词根，戴上不同的“后缀帽子”，意思就完全相反。一起来认识这对反义后缀。
观察例句并注意加粗单词：
The doctor feels helpless to save the patient's life. He wishes he could be more helpful.
The symbols are very useful to pay online, but they are useless without a cellphone.
Your boss doesn't allow any careless mistakes, so you'd better be very careful in your work.
归纳：-ful 为形容词后缀，表“充满……；带有……”（积极含义）；-less 为形容词后缀，表“无……；缺少……”（否定含义）。
【知识点】 后缀配对表：help → helpful 有帮助的 / helpless 无助的； use → useful 有用的 / useless 无用的； care → careful 细心的 / careless 粗心的。 多数 -ful / -less 词都可成对记忆。
【提示框】 特别注意：并非所有词根都有两种形式，如 wonderful（极好的）只有 -ful 形式，priceless（无价的）虽有 -less 却表示积极含义“珍贵得无法估价”。
后缀 -ful 与 -less 归纳表
（二）后缀练习
练习一：用所给词的正确形式补全句子（joy / success / hope / wonder / harm）。
练习二：从 aimless、helpful、hurtful、painful、priceless、useless 中选词补全语篇《Youth》，主题为“青春期的成长体验”。
练习一答案：joyful / successful / hopeful / wonderful / harmful。
练习二答案（按行文顺序）：painful → aimless → helpful → hurtful → useless → priceless。
（三）语法探究——过去进行时
【过渡语】上一单元我们学过“过去发生的事”，今天来看看“过去正在发生的事”——过去进行时。
朗读对话并注意 was/were doing 的用法：
A: What were you doing at this time yesterday
B: I was watching a movie with my parents.
A: What movie were you watching Is it My Country and My People
B: Yes. We felt moved when we were watching it.
定义：表示过去某个具体时间点、某一时间段内正在进行、持续发生的动作，强调“当时正在做”，不强调动作是否结束。
时间标志词：at this time yesterday、at that time、from...to... + 过去时间、when、while。
句式：肯定句 主语 + was/were + doing；否定句 主语 + wasn't/weren't + doing；一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + doing... ；特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + doing...
Example —— 过去进行时语境对话
A: What were you doing at this time yesterday
B: I was watching a movie with my parents.
A: What movie were you watching Is it My Country and My People
B: Yes. We felt moved when we were watching it.
【知识点】 过去进行时四句式：肯定 I was writing a postcard at that time.； 否定 He wasn't tidying up the bathroom at 9 a.m.； 一般疑问 —Were they riding bikes at 9:00 yesterday —Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.； 特殊疑问 Who was she talking with at that time
【提示框】 be 动词选择只看主语：I/he/she/it 单数用 was； we/you/they 复数用 were。 主语无论是谁，后面的动词一律用 doing 形式。
过去进行时语境对话
（四）句型表格与看图问答
练习一：补全过去进行时句型表格（I was helping... / He wasn't helping... / They were helping... / You weren't helping... / Was she helping... —Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't. / Were they helping... —Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.）
练习二：看图谈论昨天上午 9 点人们正在做什么：整理浴室（tidy up the bathroom）、慢跑（jog）、写明信片（write a postcard）、骑自行车（ride bikes）。
Example —— 看图问答
A: What was she doing at 9:00 a.m. yesterday
B: She was tidying up the bathroom.
A: What were they doing at 9:00 a.m. yesterday
B: They were riding bikes.
【知识点】 看图问答固定框架：What was he/she doing at 9:00 a.m. yesterday —He/She was... / What were they doing —They were...，注意单复数主语与 was/were 的搭配。
昨天上午九点活动图
（五）核心词汇精讲
结合语境精讲两个重点词汇：
① joy n. 高兴；喜悦：joyful adj. 开心的；joyless adj. 毫无乐趣的；to one's joy 令某人高兴的是（To my great joy, I passed the singing test.）。
② smoke n. 烟，烟雾；v. 吸烟：Please don't smoke in the library.；No smoking. 禁止吸烟（标志性警示语）。
1—3：A / B / C。
4—6：was playing / was watching / wasn't jogging。
1. He ______ computer games at nine yesterday morning. He was drawing.
　　A. wasn't playing　　B. didn't play　　C. isn't playing　　D. won't play
2. —Was your mother cooking dinner at that time 　—______. She was washing clothes.
　　A. Yes, she was　　B. No, she wasn't　　C. Yes, she did　　D. No, she didn't
3. When I walked past the classroom, the students ______ English songs.
　　A. sing　　B. sang　　C. were singing　　D. are singing
4. 根据句意补全句子：我没有接到你的电话，因为那时我正在弹钢琴。I didn't answer your phone because I _______________ the piano at that time.
5. 昨天上午10点我正在看电影。I _______________ a movie at 10:00 a.m. yesterday.
6. 昨天这个时候她没有在慢跑，她在整理房间。She _______________ at this time yesterday; she was tidying her room.
（六）拓展运用
任务一：默写三组 -ful / -less 词对及中文含义，并各造一句。
任务二：用过去进行时写一段 60—80 词的短文，描述昨晚 8 点家人各自正在做什么。
任务三：两人一组，用 What were you doing at... 互相追问昨天三个时间点正在做的事并记录。
【提示框】 写“昨晚家人在做什么”时，每人一句 was/were doing，句末带上 at 8 p.m. last night 之类的时间标志，时态更清晰。
语言点归纳
核心词汇精讲：joy 的派生词族：joy（n. 喜悦）→ joyful / joyless（adj.）；to one's joy 与 to one's surprise 同构，后接完整句子。smoke 作动词时注意 No smoking. 是固定警示表达，不能用 Don't smoking。
课堂总结
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