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Unit 2 Home Sweet Home Section A (Grammar Focus) · 讲义
Unit 2 Home Sweet Home Section A (Grammar Focus)
课时基本信息
课题 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home — Section A (Grammar Focus)
课型 语法课
年级 八年级上册
课时 第 3 课时
教材 人教版（2024）英语八年级上册（Unit 2，课本 p.15）
主题 为家做贡献与家的意义（What can you do for your home / How do you feel at home ）
教学重难点
重点　3a 判断 R（请求）与 P（许可）；can/could 礼貌请求句型 Can/Could you (please) do sth. 与征求许可句型 Can/Could I do sth. 及其肯否定回答；3b 补全对话与 3c 情境编对话（课本 p.15）。
难点　回答 could 提出的问题要用 can（不用 could）；could 表示委婉建议的用法；根据答语判断问句类型并选择恰当的情态动词。
本课词汇
单词/词组 音标 释义
until / n t l/ prep.&conj. 直到……为止（stay out until 10 pm 待到晚上十点）
movie / mu vi/ n. 电影（go to the movies 去看电影）
dead /ded/ adj. 不运行的；死的（My phone is dead. 我手机没电了）
note /n t/ n. 笔记；记录（take notes 做笔记）
community /k mju n ti/ n. 社区；社团
rubbish / r b / n. 垃圾（rubbish bag 垃圾袋）
学习过程
（一）Step 1 3a 判断请求与许可
3a Read the questions with can or could. Notice how they are answered. Then write R for requests or P for permission next to each question.（课本 p.15）
1. Could you please sweep the floor —OK, Mum. I'll do it at once.（R）
2. Could I hang out with my friends after lunch —Sorry, Jim, but you have to pack up your things first.（P）
3. Can I put some flowers on the table —Yes, good idea!（P）
4. Can you help me hang up the photos —Sure. / No problem!（R）
思路点拨：回答方式也是线索：OK/Sure 回应请求，Yes, you can 回应许可。
（二）Step 2 Grammar 精讲：can/could 请求与许可
情态动词 can 和 could 都可用于表示请求允许和给予许可，以及提出请求和建议。
1. 用于请求别人做某事（提出请求）——常用句型：Can/Could you (please) do sth. 肯定答语：OK. / Certainly. / Of course. / With pleasure. / No problem. / Yes, sure. 等；否定答语：Sorry, I can't. I have to... / I'm afraid not. / I'm afraid I can't. I am going to... 等。例：Can you lend me your pen 你能把钢笔借给我吗？Could you tell me the way to the nearest subway station 您能告诉我去最近的地铁站的路吗？
2. 用于请求别人允许自己做某事（请求允许）——常用句型：Can/Could I do sth. 肯定答语：Yes, you can. / Certainly. / Yes, please. 等；否定答语：Sorry, you can't. / I'm afraid you can't. 等。例：Can I use the phone in the living room Could I stay out until 10 pm tonight
注意①：回答用 could 提出的请求时，通常不用 could 而用 can。——Could I have a look at your book —Yes, you can.（不能用 Yes, you could.）/ —Sorry, you can't.（不能用 Sorry, you couldn't.）
注意②：使用 could 只是让请求更礼貌，仍要注意语气和态度，面带微笑、语调温和会让请求更易被接受。Could I stay up a little later to finish this movie 肯定回答：Yes, you can. But don't stay up too late. 否定回答：No, you can't. You have to get up early tomorrow.
补充：can/could 还可表示能力（Can you speak English / When I was five, I could swim like a fish.——could 是 can 的过去式）和提出建议（对平辈或晚辈可用 can：We can eat in a restaurant this evening.；对长辈或正式场合用 could 更委婉：Maybe I could give you a lift to the supermarket.）
图1　请求与许可的句型结构（课本 p.15）
图2　请求句型的常用回答汇总（课本 p.15）
思路点拨：先判 R/P 再选答语：R 用“我（不）做”回应，P 用“你（不）可以”回应。
（三）Step 3 3b 选句补全对话
3b Choose the best question to complete each conversation.（课本 p.15）备选：A. Could you give me a ride to town now B. Can I stay out until eleven C. Mr Lake, can I use your toilet D. Could I use your computer
1. A: ________ B: Of course you can. Let me show you the way.
2. A: ________ B: Yes, if you are careful with it.
3. A: ________ B: No, you can't. You have a basketball game tomorrow, remember You need a good rest.
4. A: Can I go to the movies B: Of course. A: ________ B: I can't. I have to do some work now.
图3　3b 四段对话（课本 p.15）
【3b】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. A（1.C 用你的洗手间→指路；2.D 小心使用→电脑；3.B 在外面待到十一点→明天有比赛要休息；4.A 让我搭车→我有工作做不了）
思路点拨：第 2 题 if you are careful with it 提示物品是 computer（be careful with 小心使用）。
（四）Step 4 3c 情境编对话
3c Make up conversations for each setting, using can or could.（课本 p.15）
情境 1：You're at your friend's home. You want to call your parents, but your phone is dead. —A: Can/Could I use your phone B: Sure. / Of course.
情境 2：You were sick at home yesterday. Your friend went to an English class and took notes. You want to know more about the class. —A: Can/Could you tell me something about yesterday's English class B: Sure. / Of course.
情境 3：You are holding a large box. It is difficult to open the door. Your neighbour comes. —A: Can/Could you help me open the door B: Sure. / Of course.
情境 4：You and your classmates want to help clean up the community. Ask your classmates to bring gloves and rubbish bags. —A: Can/Could you bring gloves and rubbish bags to clean up the community B: Sure. / Of course.
Group work：Choose one setting from your daily life, then make a long conversation using can or could.
思考：Why should we use more polite expressions in our daily lives —Because they show respect for others and help us get along better with people around us.
思路点拨：四情境分两 P 两 R：借用东西用 I，请人帮忙用 you。
（五）Step 5 随堂检测
当堂完成，答案见各题下方。
1. —Jack, could you please help me take out the trash —Sorry, I ________, Mum. I ________ my homework now.
A. couldn't, am doing B. can't, am doing
C. can't, do D. can't, did
答案：B（could 问用 can't 答；now 提示现在进行时 am doing）
2. —Jim, could I use your computer —Yes, of course you ________.
A. could B. can
C. must D. should
答案：B（could 问 can 答）
3. —Jason, could I use your dictionary I left mine at home. —________. Here you are.
A. Of course B. It doesn't matter
C. Sounds great D. It's my pleasure.
答案：A（同意借出→Of course. Here you are.）
4. —Could I go out for dinner with my friends, Mum —________ You have so much homework to do.
A. Yes, sure. B. Sorry, you can't.
C. Why not D. No, you couldn't.
答案：B（作业多→拒绝许可；could 问用 can't 答）
5. —________ you give me a hand I can't move the box by myself. —No problem.
A. Could B. Should
C. Must D. Need
答案：A（请求帮忙用 Could you... ）
易错提醒
注意：回答 could 提出的问题必须用 can，不能再用 could——这是考试高频点，不能答成 Yes, you could.
注意：dead 在此意为“（手机）没电的、不运行的”，不是“死亡”；gloves 手套、rubbish bags 垃圾袋都是复数。
答题技巧
看主语定 R/P：you→请求对方做事（R）；I/we→请求对方允许（P）。
先看答语人称（you can→问句是 I；you can't→仍是 I 的许可；I can't→问句是 you），再由语义定选项。
情态动词题三步：判断请求还是许可→看答语肯否定→核对 could 问 can 答的规则。
语言点归纳
礼貌请求：Can/Could you (please) do sth. → OK./Certainly./No problem. 或 Sorry, I can't. I have to...；
征求许可：Can/Could I do sth. → Yes, you can. 或 Sorry, you can't./I'm afraid you can't.；
铁律：could 问，can 答；could 表委婉建议（Maybe I could give you a lift.）。
be careful with 小心（使用）……；take notes 做笔记；clean up 打扫干净；go to the movies 去看电影；
情境 1 是 P（借用手机）、情境 4 是 R（请求带物品），编对话时先判断句型。
课堂总结
本课围绕 Grammar Focus 展开：
1. 会区分礼貌请求（Can/Could you... ）与征求许可（Can/Could I... ）并给出恰当回答；
2. 记住铁律：could 问，can 答；could 还可表委婉建议；
3. 会根据情境补全对话（3b）并自编对话（3c）；
4. 懂得礼貌表达是对他人的尊重，让人际关系更融洽。
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