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Unit 3 Same or Different Section B (1a-1e) · 讲义
Unit 3 Same or Different Section B (1a-1e)
课时基本信息
课题 Unit 3 Same or Different — Section B (1a-1e)
课型 阅读课
年级 八年级上册
课时 第 4 课时
教材 人教版（2024）英语八年级上册（Unit 3，课本 p.26-27）
主题 人与人的异同（How do we compare with each other ）
教学重难点
重点　读论坛帖子，梳理 Matt（朋友应相似）与 Diana（朋友应不同）两种观点及例证；1c 人物与描述匹配；1d 六个细节问题；1e 讨论相似与不同分别能给友谊带来什么（课本 p.26-27）。
难点　thanks to 与 for example 的语篇功能；“friends who are different make me better”中定语从句与 make+宾语+宾补结构；less straightforward（比较级的否定含义）。
本课词汇
单词/词组 音标 释义
difference / d fr ns/ n. 不同；差异
mirror / m r (r)/ n. 镜子（a good friend is like a mirror）
interest / ntr st/ n. 兴趣（hobbies and interests）
novel / n vl/ n. 小说
sense /sens/ n. 感觉；意识（a sense of humour 幽默感）
humour / hju m (r)/ n. 幽默；诙谐
opinion / p nj n/ n. 意见；看法（give his opinion 发表看法）
less /les/ adv. 较少地（little 的比较级；less straightforward 不那么直率）
honest / n st/ adj. 诚实的；正直的
direct /d rekt/ adj. 率直的；直接的
straightforward / stre t f w d/ adj. 坦率的；简单的
similarity / s m l r ti/ n. 相似之处（similar+-ity）
friendship / frend p/ n. 友谊；友情（friend+-ship）
学习过程
（一）Step 1 热身与话题讨论
朋友应该和你相似，还是和你不同？先聊聊再读帖。
Warming up：What do you think good friends should be like
1a Are you similar to or different from your friends In what ways （从 Appearance 外貌 / Habit 习惯 / Personality 性格 / Strength 特长 四方面谈）
分享参考：My friend and I are similar. We both like reading. / My friend and I are different. He likes swimming but I like playing basketball.
Think and discuss：Do you think friends should be similar or different How do you understand differences （difference n. 差异）
思路点拨：be similar to 与……相似 / be different from 与……不同——注意介词搭配。
（二）Step 2 1b 快速阅读：文体与观点
1b Read the posts. What are Matt's and Diana's opinions about friends （课本 p.26）
文体判断：1. What's the type of the article A. E-mails B. Posts C. Diary entries D. Advertisements——答案 B（Forum 论坛帖）。2. What's the topic of the posts A. How to make more friends B. Whether friends should be similar or different C. How friends influence our hobbies D. Ways to understand friends' differences——答案 B。
观点：Matt—Friends should be similar.；Diana—Friends should be different.
写作手法：Matt and Diana support their opinions by giving examples. 用举例支撑观点。
图1　1b 论坛帖：两种观点针锋相对（课本 p.26）
思路点拨：Tom 是发帖人，Matt 和 Diana 是回帖人——这是论坛的三层结构。
（三）Step 3 精读：两篇帖子全文
Matt 的帖子（课本 p.26）：
Matt: I think a good friend is like a mirror. You can understand people by knowing their friends. My friend, Stephen, is a great example. We often hang out together because we have similar hobbies and interests. For example, we both love sports. He plays badminton better than I do, so he always wins our matches. Because of that, I try harder when I practise, and now I'm getting better at badminton.
Stephen and I are similar in other ways. He is as serious as me. When we aren't playing sports, we enjoy reading together. I read more history books than he does, and he reads a lot of novels. We often share interesting books with each other.
Diana 的帖子（课本 p.27）：
Diana: I don't agree. For me, friends who are different make me better. I think we should respect each other's differences and learn from each other. For example, I am kind of shy, but my best friend, Yuan Lei, is outgoing. She has a great sense of humour too. Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing. Now I think meeting new people is really fun!
I have another friend, Zhang Yong. He is not afraid to give his opinion, especially when he thinks I am making a mistake. I am less straightforward than he is, but I am glad to have an honest friend.
发帖人 Tom（课本 p.26）：Tom（论坛发起帖）: Some people think that friends should be alike, but some other people think that friends should be different. What do you think Should friends be similar or different
思路点拨：Matt 的例证链：similar hobbies→play badminton→Stephen 更强→我更努力→变得更好。
（四）Step 4 1c 匹配与 1d 细节六问
1c Match the people with the descriptions.（课本 p.27）人物：1. Matt 2. Stephen 3. Diana 4. Yuan Lei 5. Zhang Yong；描述：A. reads a lot of novels B. reads more history books C. gives direct opinions D. is kind of shy E. helps a friend become more outgoing
1d Read the posts again and answer the questions.（课本 p.27）
1. Why does Matt think that a good friend is like a mirror —Because he believes he can understand people by knowing their friends.
2. Why is Matt getting better at badminton —Because Stephen plays badminton better than him, and he always wins their matches. So Matt practises harder and gets better at it.
3. In what ways is Stephen similar to Matt —They have similar hobbies and interests, and both of them are serious.
4. How is Yuan Lei different from Diana —Diana is kind of shy but Yuan Lei is outgoing and she has a sense of humour.
5. Why is Diana glad to have an honest friend —Because Zhang Yong is not afraid to give his opinion when she is making a mistake.
6. How should we treat each other's differences —We should respect each other's differences and learn from each other.（答案不唯一，仅供参考）
1c 答案：1-B　2-A　3-D　4-E　5-C
【1c】1. Matt—B（reads more history books）　2. Stephen—A（reads a lot of novels）　3. Diana—D（is kind of shy）　4. Yuan Lei—E（helps a friend become more outgoing）　5. Zhang Yong—C（gives direct opinions）
思路点拨：第 6 题是开放题，respect and learn from each other 是论坛的主题句。
（五）Step 5 1e 讨论：相似与不同带来什么
1e Discuss the questions.（课本 p.27）similarity n. 相似之处（similar+-ity 后缀）；friendship n. 友谊（friend+-ship 后缀）；matter v. 要紧
1. What can similarities bring to a friendship —Similarities can bring friends closer. They can enjoy the same hobbies and understand each other easily.
2. What can differences bring to a friendship —Differences are also important. They can help friends learn new things and grow. For example, one friend may be good at sport while the other may be good at reading. They can share their skills and become better together.
3. What really matters in a friendship —I think trust and kindness really matter in a friendship. Besides, friends should care for each other and be honest.
观点结构图：Matt（similar）——Stephen：have similar hobbies and interests, both are serious, both love sport, enjoy reading together；结果—Matt is getting better at badminton（Stephen plays better than Matt）。Diana（different）——Yuan Lei：outgoing, has a great sense of humour；Zhang Yong：straightforward；结果—Thanks to her, Diana is becoming more outgoing。
图1　Matt 观点结构图：相似带来的成长
思路点拨：回答“什么最重要”用 really matter 句型：Trust really matters in a friendship.
（六）Step 6 语言点：hang out / for example / thanks to
1. We often hang out together because we have similar hobbies and interests. 我们经常一起出去玩。hang out 闲逛；出去玩；待在一起。拓展：hang on 握住不放；坚持住；稍等（常用于电话中）——Hang on tight! The car is turning. / Hang on a second, I need to grab my keys.
2. For example, we both love sport. for example 用于举例说明，可置于句首、句中或句尾，用逗号隔开。同义表达：①for instance 与 for example 几乎完全相同，更正式，多用于书面语——For instance, some birds migrate south in winter. ②such as 列举整体中的部分例子，后接名词或名词短语，不能接句子——She likes fruits such as apples and bananas. ③like 口语常用，相当于 such as——He enjoys outdoor activities like hiking and camping.
3. For me, friends who are different make me better. 对我来说，与我不同的朋友会让我变得更好。“who are different”是定语从句修饰 friends；“make me better”是主谓宾宾补结构，better 是 good 的比较级作宾语补足语。使役动词 make 常接含形容词的复合宾语——The news made me happy.
4. Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing. 多亏了她，我变得更外向了。thanks to 表示“归功于；多亏；由于”，后接名词/代词/名词性短语，表示原因或感谢对象。例：Thanks to your help, I passed the exam. / Thanks to the good weather, our picnic was a success.
图2　课堂金句：相似让你舒服，不同让你成长
思路点拨：翻译“多亏了……”先想 thanks to；翻译“例如”看后面接句子还是名词。
（七）Step 7 随堂检测
当堂完成，答案见各题下方。
1. There are many ___________ (different) between Chinese and American classes.
答案：differences（many 后接可数名词复数）
2. The sunlight comes into the house through the window ________ (direct).
答案：directly（修饰动词用副词）
3. Winter in Chongqing has ________ (little) snowfall than that in Xi'an.
答案：less（little 的比较级，than 提示）
4. The kids enjoy a truly amazing school life by ________ (have) colourful activities.
答案：having（介词 by 后接动名词）
5. He often gets better grades. That's because he is _________________ (hard-working) than before.
答案：more hard-working（多音节词加 more）
6. It's better for you to talk _____ (little) and do more.
答案：less（少说多做，与 more 对应）
7. ________ (thank) to the help of the government, farmers in China are living a happier and richer life.
答案：Thanks（thanks to 多亏了）
8. To be ______ (honesty), the first lesson was not a great success.
答案：honest（to be honest 说实话）
易错提醒
注意：such as 和 like 后面不能接完整句子，只能接名词或名词短语；make me better 中 better 是比较级作宾补，不是副词。
答题技巧
论坛帖有头像、昵称、时间和回复关系；观点句通常在段首（I think... / For me...）。
匹配题回原文抓动词短语：Matt“I read more history books than he does”、Stephen“he reads a lot of novels”。
第 3/6 题都是 little 的比较级 less，但一个修饰不可数名词 snowfall，一个修饰动词 talk。
语言点归纳
相似带来亲密：bring friends closer / understand each other easily；
不同带来成长：learn new things and grow / share their skills and become better together；
友谊中最重要的是：trust and kindness / care for each other / be honest。
hang out 一起玩；hang on 稍等/坚持住；
举例三件套：for example/for instance 接句子，such as/like 接名词；
make+宾语+形容词（比较级）宾补：friends make me better / The news made me happy；
thanks to+名词/代词＝多亏、由于。
课堂总结
本课围绕 Section B (1a-1e) 展开：
1. 读懂论坛帖，梳理 Matt（相似论）与 Diana（不同论）两种观点及例证；
2. 完成 1c 匹配与 1d 六问，理解“朋友是镜子”与“不同让我更好”；
3. 讨论 1e：相似带来亲密，不同带来成长，信任与善良最重要；
4. 掌握 hang out、for example/such as、make+宾+宾补、thanks to 等语言点。
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