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Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Section A (Grammar Focus) · 讲义
Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Section A (Grammar Focus)
课时基本信息
课题 Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals — Section A (Grammar Focus)
课型 语法课
年级 八年级上册
课时 第 3 课时
教材 人教版（2024）英语八年级上册（Unit 4，课本 p.35）
主题 人与自然——神奇的动植物（What makes plants and animals amazing ）
教学重难点
重点　3a 圈出最高级并写原级；形容词与副词最高级的构成规则（-est / -st / 双写 / y→i / most / 不规则）与六种常用句型；3b 五句填空；3c 银杏短文填空（课本 p.35）。
难点　副词最高级前 the 可省略；“the+序数词+最高级+单数名词”表“第几最……”；比较级表达最高级含义（more than anyone/anything）。
本课词汇
单词/词组 音标 释义
land /l nd/ n. 陆地 v. 降落
rose /r z/ n. 玫瑰
butterfly / b t fla / n. 蝴蝶
wing /w / n. 翅膀
weigh /we / v. 重量为（weigh up to 860 kg 重达 860 千克）
kg (kilogram) / k l ɡr m/ n. 千克；公斤
believe /b li v/ v. 相信（believe that...）
ginkgo / ɡ ɡ / n. 银杏（the ginkgo tree 银杏树）
ancient / e n nt/ adj. 古老的（one of the most ancient living trees）
学习过程
（一）Step 1 3a 圈最高级、写原级
3a Read the sentences and notice the words in bold. What are the ways to form a superlative adjective or adverb （课本 p.35）
1. The blue whale is the largest and the heaviest animal in the world. 2. The biggest land animal in the world is the African elephant. 3. The cheetah runs the fastest among all land animals. 4. I think the most useful plant in the world is bamboo. 5. It is perhaps the most interesting plant in the world.
写出黑体单词的原级：large—largest；heavy—heaviest；big—biggest；fast—fastest；useful—most useful；interesting—most interesting。
观察：最高级一般有比较范围（in the world / among all land animals）。
思路点拨：第 3 句副词最高级 the fastest 的 the 可省略——The cheetah runs fastest 也对。
（二）Step 2 最高级的构成规则
定义：当对三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较，表示“最……”时用最高级。形容词最高级前必须加 the，副词最高级前的 the 可省略。
（1）规则变化：①一般词尾加 -est：tall→tallest, short→shortest, fast→fastest；②以字母 e 结尾加 -st：large→largest, late→latest；③重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写再加 -est：big→biggest, fat→fattest, thin→thinnest；④“辅音字母+y”结尾，先变 y 为 i 再加 -est：easy→easiest, heavy→heaviest, early→earliest；⑤多音节词和部分双音节词词前加 most：beautiful→most beautiful, popular→most popular。
（2）不规则变化：good/well→best；bad/badly→worst；many/much→most；little→least；far→farthest/furthest。
图1　最高级规则变化五条（课本 p.35）
思路点拨：口诀：一般加-est，e 尾只加-st，重读闭音节双写辅音，辅音+y 把 y 变 i，多音节前面加 most。
（三）Step 3 六种常用句型
（1）主语+be+the+形容词最高级+in/of 短语：Tom is the tallest in his class/of all the students.（in 接单位场所，of 接一群人或事物）
（2）主语+实义动词+(the)+副词最高级+in/of 短语：I jump (the) farthest in my class.
（3）主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of 短语：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.
（4）疑问词+be+the+形容词最高级, A, B or C ：Which country is the largest, China, Brazil or Canada
（5）疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形+(the)+副词最高级, A, B or C ：Which season do you like (the) best, spring, summer or autumn
（6）主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+in/of 短语：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。
思路点拨：第 6 种句型“第几最……”是考试高频：the second longest / the third tallest。
（四）Step 4 比较级表达最高级
Let's review! Do you remember these sentences
You play the Chinese flute better than anyone else in our music club. 你吹中国笛子比我们音乐俱乐部里的任何人都好。（=你吹得最好）
I love playing sports more than anything. 我最喜欢运动。
当句子中出现 (more) than+比较范围（anything, anyone, any other...）时，常隐含最高级含义：He runs faster than anyone in his class. = 他是班上跑得最快的。
思路点拨：anyone/anything+else 排除自身，是“隐含最高级”的标志词。
（五）Step 5 3b 填空五句
3b Complete the sentences with the superlative forms of the words in brackets.（课本 p.35）
1. Among all animals, I love pandas the best. I think they are ____________ (cute) animals in the world.
2. Which do you think is ______________ (beautiful), the rose, the peony, or the lotus flower
3. Look at that butterfly! It has _______________ (colourful) wings.
4. Which animal jumps ___________ (high), the lion, the monkey, or the tree frog
5. The elephant birds were ______________ (large) and _____________ (heavy) birds ever on earth. Some could stand up to three metres tall and weigh up to 860 kg.
【3b】1. the cutest　2. the most beautiful　3. the most colourful　4. the highest　5. the largest; heaviest
思路点拨：A, B or C 三者选择的问句里，答案一律用最高级。
（六）Step 6 3c 银杏短文
Look and say：Do you know what tree it is —The ginkgo / ɡ ɡ / tree. It is one of the oldest living trees on earth. It is a symbol of hope and long life.（象征着希望和长寿）
名树档案——终南山的千年银杏：Location: Guanyin Chan Temple, Zhongnan Mountain, Xi'an, China；Age: About 1 400 years old—Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty planted it himself in AD 628；Size: 21 m tall, with a crown 19 m wide and a trunk 1.7 m across。
3c Complete the passage with the superlative forms of the words in the box.（课本 p.35）备选：ancient / beautiful / common / good / popular
The ginkgo tree is one of _______________ living trees on earth. Ginkgo trees first appeared over 200 million years ago. Chinese people love the ginkgo, as it is a symbol of hope and long life. Many Chinese believe that the old ginkgo tree in the Zhongnan Mountains in Shaanxi Province is _______________. Thousands of tourists come to see it each year, especially in mid-October, as it is _____________ time to see it. The ginkgo tree is one of _______________ trees in streets, parks, and gardens across China. When autumn comes, one of _______________ activities is to take a walk under ginkgo trees. People believe the bright yellow leaves can bring joy to their heart.
图2　Look and say：你认识这棵树吗
图3　终南山千年银杏（约 1400 岁）
【3c】1. the most ancient　2. the most beautiful　3. the best　4. the most common　5. the most popular
思路点拨：短文填空前先通读一遍判断词性：is 后接最高级形容词，one of 后接最高级+复数。
（七）Step 7 随堂检测
当堂完成，答案见各题下方。
1. Which colour do you like ____________, purple, orange or pink
A. well B. good
C. better D. best
答案：D（三者比较用最高级 best）
2. Jianshe Road is the ___________ road in our city, especially around 8:00 am.
A. busier B. busiest
C. wider D. widest
答案：B（the+最高级；上下班最繁忙用 busiest）
3. Qomolangma is _________ mountain in the world.
A. high B. higher
C. highest D. the highest
答案：D（形容词最高级前不能丢 the）
4. What a lovely reading room! It's one of ________ in our school.
A. nice B. nicer
C. nicest D. the nicest
答案：D（one of the+最高级+复数）
5. The Qinghai Lake is ________ lake in China. It is in Qinghai Province.
A. large B. larger
C. largest D. the largest
答案：D
6. Li Lei is the ________ of the three boys. He always helps us.
A. friendly B. more friendly
C. most friendly D. much friendly
答案：C（of the three boys 表三者范围）
易错提醒
注意：最高级构成规则与比较级完全平行——把 -er/-est 成对记：bigger→biggest、heavier→heaviest、more→most，省一半力气。
注意：common 是双音节词，最高级用 the most common（课本答案即此形式）；one of 后接复数 trees/activities。
注意：friendly 是多音节词，最高级是 the most friendly（friendly 本身以 -ly 结尾但不加 -est）。
答题技巧
先找范围（in/of 短语），再判断形容词还是副词：runs the fastest 中 fast 是副词。
than anyone else＝比其他任何人都……，翻译时直接译成“最……”。
第 5 题有 ever on earth 表范围，且是“曾有过的”——用最高级；第二个空与前面并列可不再写 the。
五个空全考 box 内五个词的最高级：ancient/beautiful/popular 加 most，good 变 best，common 用 the most common。
六道题反复验证一条铁律：三者比较、the+最高级；one of the+最高级+复数；看到 A, B or C 就选最高级。
语言点归纳
六种句型：be+the+最高级+in/of；实义动词+(the)+副词最高级；one of the+最高级+复数；
Which...the+最高级, A, B or C ；疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形+(the)+副词最高级；the+序数词+最高级+单数。
课堂总结
本课围绕 Grammar Focus 展开：
1. 掌握最高级五条规则变化与五组不规则变化（best/worst/most/least/farthest）；
2. 掌握六种常用句型，会解“第几最……”（the second longest）等高频题；
3. 完成 3b 五句填空与 3c 银杏短文，了解终南山 1400 岁银杏；
4. 理解“more than anyone/anything”隐含最高级的表达。
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