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Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Section B (Vocabulary in Use & 3a-3c) · 讲义
Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Section B (Vocabulary in Use & 3a-3c)
课时基本信息
课题 Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals — Section B (Vocabulary in Use & 3a-3c)
课型 词汇与写作课
年级 八年级上册
课时 第 5 课时
教材 人教版（2024）英语八年级上册（Unit 4，课本 p.38-39）
主题 人与自然——神奇的动植物（What makes plants and animals amazing ）
教学重难点
重点　2a 圈出每组不同类的词并说理由；2b 掌握名词后缀 -ance, -(t)ion, -ness, -ity 构词规则并完成 10 词派生；2c-2d 语境填空；读蓝鲸课文（3a）完成信息表，用第一人称改写第一段（3b）并仿写全文（3c）（课本 p.38-39）。
难点　名词后缀的选用（动词+ -ance/-tion，形容词+ -ness/-ity）；改写时人称由第三人称变第一人称、要点不能遗漏；except 与 besides 的“不包括/包括”之辨。
本课词汇
单词/词组 音标 释义
weight /we t/ n. 重量（weigh v. 称重）
ton /t n/ n. 吨（as much as 200 tons 多达 200 吨）
ocean / n/ n. 大海；海洋
except / k sept/ prep. 除……之外（不包括）
tiny / ta ni/ adj. 极小的（the tiniest animals）
lively / la vli/ adj. 生机勃勃的（a lively and healthy ecosystem）
role /r l/ n. 作用；角色（play a role in）
climate / kla m t/ n. 气候（climate change）
happiness / h pin s/ n. 幸福；快乐（happy+-ness）
performance /p f m ns/ n. 表演；表现（perform+-ance）
学习过程
（一）Step 1 2a 圈出不同类的词
2a Circle the odd ones. Then give your reasons.（课本 p.38）Tips: 从语义范畴、词性、情感特质等角度区分。
1. habit / height / size / weight——不同类：habit（height 高度、size 尺寸、weight 重量都是物理特征，habit 描述行为方式）
2. joy / happiness / fun / enjoy——不同类：enjoy（其余是表积极情感的名词，enjoy 是动词）
3. angry / disappointed / smart / sad——不同类：smart（其余描述情绪，smart 描述智力）
4. appear / look / seem / watch——不同类：watch（appear/look/seem 是系动词后接形容词表“看起来”，watch 是行为动词）
5. honey / milk / juice / bread——不同类：bread（其余是流质饮品，bread 是固态食物）
思路点拨：He appears disappointed. / He looks angry. / He seems sad.——三句都是“系动词+形容词”。
（二）Step 2 2b 名词后缀构词
构词规则：动词/形容词+后缀→名词。①-ance 加在动词后：perform→performance, appear→appearance；②-(t)ion 加在动词后：educate→education, decide→decision, imagine→imagination；③-ness 加在形容词后：happy→happiness, kind→kindness；④-ity 加在形容词后（部分去不发音 -e）：active→activity, possible→possibility。
2b Add the endings -ance, -(t)ion, -ness, and -ity to form nouns.（课本 p.38）1. act→action 2. good→goodness 3. kind→kindness 4. appear→appearance 5. real→reality 6. imagine→imagination 7. connect→connection 8. popular→popularity 9. communicate→communication 10. important→importance
图1　名词后缀 -ance / -(t)ion / -ness / -ity 规则
思路点拨：词典是最好的老师——拿不准的派生词当场查，一遍就记牢。
（三）Step 3 2c-2d 语境填空
2c Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box.（课本 p.38）备选：appear / disappoint / imagine / store / weigh
1. I felt ___________ when my favourite flowers died. 2. After the rain, some mushrooms __________ in the garden. 3. In my hometown, people often use bamboo baskets to ______ food. 4. What did you put in your luggage It ________ a ton. 5. I can't ________ my life without my pets. They mean a lot to me.
2d Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.（课本 p.38）备选：however / important / land / planet / protect
You may not realize it, but frogs play an important role in our ________ ecosystem. The smallest frogs are about the size of a pea, while larger ones can grow as big as a human hand. Many people know that frogs help to _______ farms by eating insects. _________, not everyone understands their ___________ in nature. Frogs can live on ______ and in water. Because of this, they are popular subjects in studies on climate change and the ecosystem.
图2　2d 青蛙短文填空（课本 p.38）
【2c】1. disappointed　2. appeared　3. store　4. weighs　5. imagine
【2d】planet's；protect；However；importance；land
思路点拨：help (to) do 帮助做某事——help to protect farms 中 to 可省。
（四）Step 4 3a 读蓝鲸课文并完成信息表
Pre-reading：How do you like the blue whale What makes it so “special”
3a Read the text and complete the table.（课本 p.39）课文原文（逐字）：
The Blue Whale
The blue whale is the largest and heaviest animal on earth. It can weigh as much as 200 tons. Many people like watching blue whales swim, and they think it is one of the most beautiful things to see. Blue whales live in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean. They eat a lot, but they eat some of the tiniest animals in the ocean. A blue whale can eat around four tons of these a day.
Blue whales can live up to 90 years. When a blue whale dies at sea, it becomes food for many kinds of animals living in and around the sea. This food lasts for over a year and it helps to create a lively and healthy ecosystem. Blue whales play an important role in our world, so we must protect them.
Blue whale facts 表：Weight—as much as 200 tons；Where they live—in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean；Food—the tiniest animals in the ocean（around four tons a day）；How long they live—can live up to 90 years；Importance in nature—provide a lot of food after they die; play an important role in our world。
图3　3a 蓝鲸信息表（课本 p.39）
思路点拨：课文结构：开始（最大最重）→身体（栖息地/食物/寿命）→结尾（生态作用+呼吁保护）。
（五）Step 5 3b-3c 第一人称改写
3b Imagine you are a blue whale. Use the first person to rewrite the first paragraph.（课本 p.39）参考答案：Hello everyone! My name is Billy the Blue Whale. I am the largest and heaviest animal on earth. I weigh as much as 200 tons. I'm heavy, but I love swimming, and many people like watching me swim. They think it's one of the most beautiful things to see. I live in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean. I can eat around four tons of the tiniest animals in the ocean a day. My favourite food is some of the tiniest animals in the ocean.
3c Complete your passage about the blue whale based on the text in 3a. 改写第二段要点：lifetime（I can live up to 90 years）/ role（When I die at sea, I become food for many kinds of animals）/ importance（I play an important role in our world, so you must protect me.）
范文：I can live up to 90 years. When I die at sea, I become food for many kinds of animals living in and around the sea. This food lasts for over a year and it helps to create a lively and healthy ecosystem. I play an important role in our world, so you must protect me.
改写三注意：人称由第三人称变第一人称；内容要点不能省略或遗漏；个别句子需要变化结构。
图4　3b 范文：我是蓝鲸 Billy
思路点拨：先列要点清单（体重/栖息地/食物/寿命/作用）再动笔，写完逐项打钩。
（六）Step 6 随堂检测
当堂完成，答案见各题下方。
1. It's ___________ (importance) for us to learn a foreign language well.
答案：important（It's+adj.+for sb）
2. The two cities are __________ (connect) by a railway.
答案：connected（被动：被一条铁路连接）
3. Tangyuan is an important symbol of __________ (happy) in the family.
答案：happiness（of 后接名词）
4. Scientists are studying the __________ (climate) influence on sea level.
答案：climate's（名词所有格修饰 influence）
5. When he heard the disappointing news, he looked very __________ (disappoint).
答案：disappointed（look 后接形容词修饰人）
6. To make the show __________ (live) and interesting, the director spent almost the whole night preparing for it.
答案：lively（生机勃勃的，形容词）
7. He's sure that this is the __________ (tiny) dog he has ever seen.
答案：tiniest（he has ever seen 表范围）
8. I often watch these old people __________ (dance) in the square.
答案：dance（watch sb do sth）
易错提醒
注意：popular→popularity 词尾要把 ar 变 ority？不——直接加 -ity 即可 popularity；重要区别是 important→importance 用 -ance 而不是 -ence。
注意：改写后全文以第一人称 I 为主，时态仍是一般现在时；别把“我死后成为食物”写成 I will die 就结束——生态作用才是要点。
注意：climate 影响用所有格 climate's 或 climate（作定语），本句 the...influence 结构需 climate's；watch sb do sth 看到动作全过程。
答题技巧
先判词性（名词/动词/系动词），再判语义范畴（物理特征/情绪/智力/流质）。
动词多接 -ance/-tion，形容词多接 -ness/-ity；act→action、connect→connection 都是去 e 或直接加 -ion。
2c 判定位：felt 后接形容词 disappointed；情态动词 can't 后接原形 imagine；主语 It 三单 weighs。2d 第 1 空 our 后接名词，planet 需变 planet's（形容词性）。
except the Arctic Ocean：蓝鲸生活在除北冰洋外的所有海洋——except 不包括在内。
第 6 题易错：live 是动词，要变形容词 lively（and 连接两个并列形容词 interesting）。
语言点归纳
改写口诀：人称作变（they→I）、要点保全、句子微调；
高分表达：weigh as much as 200 tons / live up to 90 years / play an important role in / create a lively and healthy ecosystem。
课堂总结
本课围绕 Vocabulary in Use & 3a-3c 展开：
1. 会圈不同类词并说理由，掌握 -ance/-(t)ion/-ness/-ity 四个名词后缀及 10 个派生词；
2. 完成 2c/2d 语境填空（ disappointed/appeared/store/weighs/imagine；planet's/protect/However/importance/land）；
3. 读懂蓝鲸课文并完成信息表，会用第一人称改写（3b-3c）；
4. 记住蓝鲸档案：200 吨重、除北冰洋外皆有、一天吃约 4 吨、可活 90 岁、死后滋养海洋生态。
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