资源简介

Unit 4 Natural Disasters 核心词汇知识点精讲讲义
一、学习主题与目标
本讲义围绕“自然灾害与应对”话题，精讲本单元核心词汇的词义、词性转换、常见搭配与易混辨析。学完本讲后，学生能够：
1. 掌握核心词汇的音、形、义及词性转换，构建词汇知识网络；
2. 辨析易混词汇（damage/destroy/ruin、affect/effect 等），在语境中准确选用；
3. 灵活运用核心词汇的搭配与句式完成表达任务。
二、核心词汇精讲
（一）灾害与损失类
1. disaster n. 灾难；灾害。搭配：natural disaster 自然灾害；a disaster area 灾区；suffer a disaster 遭受灾难。例句：The village suffered a terrible disaster last month. 拓展：disastrous adj. 灾难性的，如 a disastrous flood 一场灾难性的洪水。
2. damage n./v. 损害；损失。搭配：cause/do damage to... 对……造成损害；be badly damaged 严重受损。例句：The storm caused great damage to the crops. 辨析：damage 指部分损坏，可修复；destroy 指彻底毁坏，无法修复；ruin 强调毁坏到无法使用或欣赏的程度，多用于抽象事物。
3. destroy v. 破坏；摧毁。例句：The earthquake destroyed the whole town. 拓展：destruction n. 破坏；毁灭；destructive adj. 破坏性的。
4. crack n. 裂缝；v. 破裂。搭配：a crack in the wall 墙上的裂缝。例句：There are many cracks in the ground after the drought. 拓展：cracked adj. 有裂缝的。
5. bury v. 埋葬；掩埋。搭配：be buried in... 被掩埋在……；专心于……。例句：Many houses were buried under the mudslide. 拓展：burial n. 埋葬。
（二）救援与应对类
6. rescue n./v. 营救；救援。搭配：a rescue team 救援队；come to one’s rescue 来救某人；rescue sb. from... 把某人从……营救出来。例句：The firefighters rescued three children from the burning house. 辨析：rescue 指紧急、迅速地把人从危险中救出；save 含义更广，可指挽救生命、节省等。
7. shelter n. 避难处；庇护所；v. 躲避。搭配：take shelter from... 躲避……；shelter sb. from... 庇护某人免受……。例句：They took shelter from the rain under a bridge. 拓展：sheltered adj. 受庇护的。
8. evacuate v. 疏散；撤离。搭配：evacuate sb. from...to... 把某人从……疏散到……。例句：The residents were evacuated to a safe place before the flood. 拓展：evacuation n. 疏散；撤离。
9. emergency n. 紧急情况；突发事件。搭配：in an emergency 在紧急情况下；emergency supplies 应急物资；an emergency exit 紧急出口。例句：In an emergency, keep calm and follow the safety rules. 拓展：emergent adj. 紧急的。
10. supply n. 供应；补给品；v. 供应。搭配：medical supplies 医疗物资；supply sb. with sth. / supply sth. to sb. 向某人供应某物。例句：The government supplied the victims with food and water. 注意：表示“补给品、物资”时常用复数形式 supplies。
（三）影响与生存类
11. affect v. 影响。例句：The heavy rain affected the traffic in the city. 辨析：affect 是动词“影响”；effect 是名词“影响、效果”，常用搭配 have an effect on...。注意区分 affect 与 effect 的词性与拼写。
12. survive v. 幸存；生存。搭配：survive the earthquake 在地震中幸存；survive on... 靠……生存。例句：Only a few people survived the tsunami. 拓展：survival n. 幸存；survivor n. 幸存者。
13. injure v. 使受伤；损害。例句：Several people were seriously injured in the accident. 拓展：injury n. 伤害；injured adj. 受伤的，the injured 伤员。辨析：injure 多指意外事故中受伤；hurt 可指肉体或感情上的伤害；wound 多指战争或武器造成的创伤。
14. trap v. 使陷入困境；困住；n. 陷阱。搭配：be trapped in... 被困在……。例句：The miners were trapped in the tunnel for two days. 拓展：trapped adj. 被困住的。
15. shock n. 震惊；休克；v. 使震惊。搭配：in shock 处于震惊中；be shocked at... 对……感到震惊。例句：People were in shock after hearing the news. 拓展：shocking adj. 令人震惊的；shocked adj. 感到震惊的。
三、重点短语归纳
1. natural disaster 自然灾害
2. cause damage to... 对……造成损害
3. come to one’s rescue 来救某人
4. take shelter from... 躲避……
5. in an emergency 在紧急情况下
6. medical supplies 医疗物资
7. have an effect on... 对……有影响
8. be trapped in... 被困在……
9. in shock 处于震惊中
10. survive the earthquake 在地震中幸存
四、即时巩固练习
（一）词形变化：写出下列单词的相应形式。
1. disaster（形容词）________
2. destroy（名词）________
3. survive（名词：幸存者）________
4. injure（名词）________
5. shock（形容词：令人震惊的）________
6. evacuate（名词）________
（二）单句语法填空：用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. The government sent many ________ (rescue) workers to the disaster area. （划线处为答案位置）
2. The ________ (destroy) caused by the earthquake was beyond imagination. （划线处为答案位置）
3. The sudden storm had a great ________ (affect) on the crops. （划线处为答案位置）
4. The ________ (survive) were finally taken to a safe place. （划线处为答案位置）
5. The trapped people were ________ (evacuate) to the top of the hill. （划线处为答案位置）
6. Many people were ________ (trap) under the fallen buildings. （划线处为答案位置）
（三）易混辨析选择：根据句意选择恰当的单词并用其正确形式填空。
damage / destroy / ruin
1. The fire ________ the whole library, and nothing was left. （划线处为答案位置）
2. The flood ________ the crops in the field, but farmers could replant them. （划线处为答案位置）
3. The bad weather ________ our plan for the picnic. （划线处为答案位置）
五、参考答案
词形变化：1. disastrous　2. destruction　3. survivor　4. injury　5. shocking　6. evacuation
单句语法填空：1. rescue　2. destruction　3. effect　4. survivors　5. evacuated　6. trapped
易混辨析选择：1. destroyed　2. damaged　3. ruined

展开更多......

收起↑