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Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 知识点清单
一、单元概览
项目 内容
单元主题 运动与健康（Sports and Fitness）：体育精神、健身习惯与健康生活方式
主题语境 人与社会——体育；人与自我——健康的生活方式
单元功能 ①邀请朋友参加体育活动；②表达对运动与健身的看法（同意/不同意）
语法重点 反意疑问句（Tag Questions）
语篇分布 Reading and Thinking：Living Legends（郎平、迈克尔·乔丹）；Reading for Writing：Going Positive
写作任务 Write a page in a wellness book（写一页健康手册）
学习目标 掌握运动健身话题词汇与表达；正确使用反意疑问句；能介绍体育传奇人物；能描述问题并给出健康建议
二、核心词汇
（一）基础词汇表
本单元词汇以运动项目、竞技体育与健康生活为核心话题，下表列出教材要求掌握的基础词汇，请熟记词性与词义，并注意词形变化。
单词 词性 词义
fitness n. 健康；健壮；适合
stadium n. 体育场；运动场
event n. 比赛项目；大事；公开活动
champion n. 冠军；优胜者
championship n. 锦标赛；冠军称号
athletics n. 田径运动
track n./v. 跑道；足迹；追踪
field n. 田径场；田野
ski v./n. 滑雪；滑雪板
snowboard v./n. 滑雪板运动；滑雪板
marathon n. 马拉松赛跑
boxing n. 拳击（运动）
badminton n. 羽毛球运动
gymnastics n. 体操（训练）
workout n. 锻炼；训练
host v./n. 主办；主持；主人
legend n. 传奇人物；传说
athlete n. 运动员
master n./v. 高手；大师；精通
honour n./v. 荣誉；尊敬；给予荣誉
glory n. 光荣；荣誉
determination n. 决心；决定
captain n. 队长；船长
graceful adj. 优美的；优雅的
strength n. 力量；体力；长处
failure n. 失败；失败的人（或事物）
positive adj. 积极的；乐观的
slim adj. 苗条的
diet n./v. 日常饮食；节食
stress n./v. 压力；强调
error n. 错误；差错
pretend v. 假装；装扮
cheat v./n. 作弊；欺骗；骗子
audience n. 观众；听众
injury n. 伤害；损伤
quit v. 停止；放弃
sweat n./v. 汗；出汗
push-up n. 俯卧撑
sit-up n. 仰卧起坐
jog v./n. 慢跑
medal n. 奖章；勋章
soccer n. 足球运动
gym n. 健身房；体育馆
compete v. 竞争；对抗
compare v. 比较；对比
injure v. 使受伤；损害
（二）高频重点词汇精讲
1. honour n. 荣誉；尊敬 vt. 尊重；给予……荣誉
【词形变化】honoured adj. 感到荣幸的；honourable adj. 光荣的；值得尊敬的
【常用搭配】in honour of（= in one's honour）为了纪念……；向……表示敬意；have the honour of doing sth 有幸做某事；It is an honour (for sb) to do sth （对某人来说）做……是一种荣幸；be/feel honoured to do sth 因做某事感到荣幸
【教材原句】As a player, Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.（P38）作为一名运动员，郎平为她的国家带来了荣誉和光荣。
【注意】honour 表示“荣誉”时为不可数名词；表示“使人感到光荣的人或事”时为可数名词。
2. determination n. 决心；决定
【词形变化】determine v. 决定；（使）下定决心；determined adj. 坚决的；坚定的
【常用搭配】be determined to do sth 决心做某事；with determination 坚决地；determine to do sth 决心做某事；determine on/upon doing sth 决心做某事
【教材原句】When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup, her determination was tested.（P38）当中国队备战2015年世界杯时，她的决心受到了考验。
3. injure vt. 使受伤；损害
【词形变化】injured adj. 受伤的；injury n. 伤害；损伤
【常用搭配】the injured 伤员；伤者；do an injury to sb 伤害某人
【教材原句】One of the best players had been injured, and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.（P38）最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了，而且队长也因心脏问题不得不离队。
4. compete vi. 竞争；对抗
【词形变化】competition n. 竞争；比赛；competitive adj. 有竞争力的；competitor n. 竞争者；对手
【常用搭配】compete in 参加……的比赛；compete with/against 与……竞争；compete for 为……角逐；compete with/against sb for sth （为……）与某人竞争
【教材原句】An athlete should think about honour and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.（P41）如果一名运动员在为国家而战，他/她应该考虑荣誉和他/她的粉丝。
5. strength n. 力量；体力；长处
【词形变化】strong adj. 强壮的；strongly adv. 强烈地；strengthen v.（使）增强；加强
【常用搭配】strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点；build up strength 增强体力
【教材原句】Jordan's skills were impressive, but the mental strength that he showed made him unique.（P38）乔丹的球技令人赞叹，但他展现出的精神力量使他与众不同。
6. failure n. 失败；失败的人（或事物）
【词形变化】fail v. 失败；未做到；fail to do sth 未能做某事；fail in sth 在某方面失败
【注意】failure 作“失败的人/事”讲时为可数名词，a failure 与 a success 相对。
【教材原句】I can accept failure; everyone fails at something.（P38）我能接受失败；每个人都会有失败的时候。
7. pretend vi.&vt. 假装；装扮
【常用搭配】pretend (that)... 假装……；pretend to be... 假装是……；pretend (not) to do sth 假装（不）做某事；pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事；pretend to have done sth 假装做过某事
【教材原句】A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.（P41）一名足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。
8. make it 获得成功；准时到达
【用法】make it 为固定短语，表示“获得成功；准时到达（某地）”。
【教材原句】You can make it!（P37）你可以成功的！
【联想】be made from 由……制成；make up 组成；编造；make up for 弥补；make out 勉强看出；理解；make use of 利用
9. compare vt. 比较；对比；将……比作
【常用搭配】compare A with B 把 A 和 B 比较；compare A to B 把 A 比作 B；compared with/to... 与……相比（常作状语）
【词形变化】comparison n. 比较；对比；by comparison 比较起来；相比之下
【教材原句】Finally, I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body.（P42）最后，我不再拿自己与女演员和模特进行比较，也不再对自己的脸蛋或身体挑毛病。
10. stress n. 压力；紧张；重音 vt. 强调
【常用搭配】under stress 在压力下；lay/put stress on 强调；stress sb out 使某人焦虑不安
【词形变化】stressed adj. 焦虑的；紧张的；stressful adj. 充满压力的
【例句】Studying for exams always stresses me out. 备考复习总是让我很焦虑。
（三）易混词汇与短语辨析
词/短语 辨析要点
injury / wound / hurt / harm injury 指身体受到的伤害、损伤；wound 指刀、枪等造成的伤口；hurt 多指情感、心灵上的伤害；harm 指对健康、利益、名誉等的损害（可作名词和动词）。
lose heart / lose one's heart lose heart 丧失信心、泄气（heart 前无物主代词）；lose one's heart to sb/sth 爱上某人/某物。
give up / give in / give away / give off / give out give up 放弃；give in 屈服、让步；give away 赠送、泄露；give off 发出（光、热、气味）；give out 分发；发出。
work out / work on work out 锻炼；计算出；解决；制订出；work on 致力于；从事于。
event / match / race event 指（体育）比赛项目，尤指大型赛事中的单项；match 指球类等对抗性比赛；race 指速度竞赛（赛跑、赛马、赛车等）。
even if / as if even if（= even though）即使；尽管，引导让步状语从句；as if（= as though）仿佛；好像，引导方式状语从句。
三、核心短语与固定搭配
短语 释义 例句
work out 锻炼；计算出；解决 I work out in the gym every morning. 我每天早上在健身房锻炼。
make it 获得成功；准时到达 You can make it if you never give up. 只要不放弃，你就能成功。
set an example （为……）树立榜样 The champion set an example for young athletes. 这位冠军为年轻运动员树立了榜样。
fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃 Their plan fell apart at the last minute. 他们的计划在最后一刻落空了。
lose heart 丧失信心；泄气 Don't lose heart even if you fail. 即使失败也不要灰心。
give up 放弃；投降 Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up. 输掉比赛教会他更努力地练习，永不放弃。
come along 跟随；到达；进展；赶快 Come along and join us! 快来加入我们吧！
rather than 而不是 Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to meals.（P42）
even if/though 即使；虽然 I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible.（P42）
now and then 有时；偶尔 I still play tennis now and then. 我偶尔还会打网球。
make a difference 有影响；起作用 I had no idea a letter could make such a difference!（P42）
cut out 停止做（或使用、食用）；剪下 Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to meals.（P42）
compare...with/to... 与……比较 Stop comparing yourself with others. 不要再拿自己和别人比较。
stress out 焦虑不安；心力交瘁 Don't stress yourself out over a small test. 不要为一次小考过度焦虑。
make sense 有意义；讲得通 That doesn't make any sense! 那毫无道理！（P41）
keep track of 了解……的动态；与……保持联系 We should keep track of our progress in training. 我们应该记录训练进展。
go on a diet 节食；减肥 She went on a diet to lose weight. 她节食减肥。
track and field 田径运动 He is good at track and field. 他擅长田径运动。
in honour of 为纪念；向……表示敬意 The stadium was built in honour of the great athlete. 这座体育场是为纪念那位伟大的运动员而建的。
from time to time 有时；偶尔 We go hiking from time to time. 我们偶尔去远足。
be determined to do sth 决心做某事 She was determined to win the championship. 她决心赢得冠军。
have the honour of doing sth 有幸做某事 I had the honour of meeting the coach. 我有幸见到了那位教练。
四、重点句型与句式
1. It is/was an honour (for sb) to do sth（对某人来说）做某事是一种荣幸
本句型中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式 to do sth。
例句：It is a great honour to be invited to the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games. 被邀请参加奥运会开幕式是一大荣幸。
2. so/neither + 助动词（be/情态动词）+ 主语（倒装结构）
前句为肯定句时，后句用“so + 助动词 + 主语”，表示“……也是如此”；前句为否定句时，用“neither/nor + 助动词 + 主语”。
例句：Football is very important to me, and so is friendship. 足球对我来说非常重要，友谊也是如此。
注意：若两句话主语相同，表示“的确如此”的肯定附和，则用“so + 主语 + 助动词”。——I think the team will win. ——So do I. 与“so I do”结构不同。
3. There is no denying that... 不可否认……
denying 为动名词，该句型表示“无可否认的事实是……”。
例句：There is no denying that regular exercise benefits our health. 不可否认，规律锻炼有益健康。
4. even if/though 引导让步状语从句
即使；虽然。若主句、从句都表示将来的动作，从句用一般现在时表将来；若从句主语与主句一致且含 be 动词，可省略“主语 + be”。
例句：I will keep running even if it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨，我也会坚持跑步。
5. I had no idea (that)... 我不知道……
no idea 后接 that 引导的同位语从句，说明 idea 的内容。
教材原句：I had no idea a letter could make such a difference!（P42）我不知道一封信能有如此大的影响！
6. 长难句分析
教材原句：The player who became known as "Air Jordan" changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps.（P38）
分析：主句为 The player changed basketball；who became known as "Air Jordan" 为定语从句，修饰 the player；with his graceful moves and jumps 为方式状语。
句意：这位被称为“飞人乔丹”的球员用他优雅的动作和跳跃改变了篮球运动。
五、语法专题：反意疑问句（Tag Questions）
（一）基本构成与规则
反意疑问句由“陈述部分 + 简短疑问部分”构成，表示提问人对陈述内容把握不大，需要对方证实。其构成遵循“前肯后否、前否后肯”的原则，疑问部分的人称、时态须与陈述部分保持一致：
肯定陈述 + 否定尾句：You are a student, aren't you 你是学生，不是吗？ 否定陈述 + 肯定尾句：You aren't tired, are you 你不累，是吗？ 疑问部分由“be 动词/助动词/情态动词 + 人称代词主格”构成；陈述部分主语为名词时，疑问部分用相应的人称代词。 疑问部分为否定形式时，习惯上只用缩写形式（如 isn't、doesn't、haven't）。
（二）回答规则
回答反意疑问句时，无论提问形式如何，事实为肯定用 Yes，事实为否定用 No。注意：当陈述部分为否定结构、疑问部分用肯定式提问时，Yes/No 与汉语表达相反（Yes 译作“不”，No 译作“是”）。
—He likes playing football, doesn't he ——Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. —His sister didn't attend the meeting, did she ——Yes, she did.（不，她去了。）/ No, she didn't.（是的，她没去。）
（三）特殊用法汇总
情形 疑问部分 示例
there be 结构 疑问部分用 be (not) + there There is a match this afternoon, isn't there
陈述部分含 I am 疑问部分用 aren't I I'm a member of the team, aren't I
含 hardly/seldom/never/little/few/no/nothing 等否定词 疑问部分用肯定形式 She hardly goes to the gym, does she
含否定前缀的形容词（如 impossible） 不属于否定句，疑问部分仍用否定形式 It's impossible, isn't it
不定代词 everyone/someone/nobody 疑问部分主语多用 they，也可用 he Nobody came, did they
不定代词 everything/something/nothing 疑问部分主语用 it Everything is ready, isn't it
情态动词 must 表“必须” 疑问部分用 must / mustn't You mustn't stop here, must you
情态动词 must 表“有必要” 疑问部分用 needn't They must finish it today, needn't they
must 表“推测” 按 must 后的动词形式确定 He must be good at maths, isn't he
used to 表“过去常常” 疑问部分用 didn't 或 usedn't He used to get up early, didn't he
had better 疑问部分用 hadn't 或 shouldn't You'd better go now, hadn't you
祈使句 肯定祈使句用 will you / won't you；否定祈使句用 will you；Let's 用 shall we Come along, will you / Let's go, shall we
感叹句 疑问部分一律用否定式 be 的一般现在时 What a game it is, isn't it
并列句 疑问部分与后一分句保持一致 He was lazy, and he failed the exam, didn't he
复合句 一般与主句一致；主句为 I think/believe + 宾语从句时，与从句一致并注意否定转移 I don't think you have heard of him, have you
【教材原句链接】It's not a real sport, is it （P40）这不是真正的运动，是吗？That sounds interesting, doesn't it （P40）听起来很有趣，不是吗？By the way, our school soccer team won at last, didn't they （P40）顺便问一下，我们学校的足球队最后赢了，不是吗？
（四）语法过关练习
1. There is a football match this afternoon, ________
2. She hardly ever goes to the gym, ________
3. Let's play basketball after school, ________
4. Don't smoke in the meeting room, ________
5. I'm a member of the school volleyball team, ________
6. Everything is ready for the sports meet, ________
7. You must have finished your homework yesterday, ________
8. He used to get up early, ________
9. I don't think he can swim across the river, ________
10. What a wonderful game it is, ________
六、语篇阅读
（一）Reading and Thinking：Living Legends（运动传奇）
本文为介绍性说明文，先总述“运动传奇”应具备的品格，再分别介绍郎平与迈克尔·乔丹两位传奇人物，突出“榜样力量”与“体育精神”两大主题。
人物 事迹与品质
郎平（Lang Ping） 中国女排运动员兼教练。作为运动员为祖国赢得荣誉；作为教练，在2015年世界杯备战时决心受到考验（主力受伤、队长因病离队），仍带领年轻队员团结作战；2016年里约奥运会率队夺得金牌。品质关键词：honour（荣誉）、determination（决心）、teamwork（团队合作）。
迈克尔·乔丹（Michael Jordan） 被称为“Air Jordan（飞人乔丹）”的篮球运动员，以优雅的动作和跳跃改变了篮球运动。他从不放弃，把失败转化为前进动力（Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up），并展现出强大的精神力量（mental strength）。品质关键词：graceful（优雅）、strength（力量）、perseverance（毅力）。
（二）Reading for Writing：Going Positive（走向积极）
本文是 Kayla 在健康手册（wellness book）上写的一篇个人经历短文，讲述自己从“与别人比较、为体重焦虑”到“关注健康、接纳自我”的转变，是写作任务 Write a page in a wellness book 的范文。
结构：问题（problem）→ 改变（change）→ 结果（result）。
过去的问题：总想看起来像电视上苗条的女生，与女演员、模特比较，对自己的身材挑毛病，为体重焦虑。
改变做法：不再节食、不停止享用喜欢的食物，而是在膳食中增加健康食品；把注意力从体重转向健康（fitness rather than weight）。
转变结果：心态变得积极（positive），身体更有活力，明白了“健康比体重更重要”。
（三）主题升华：体育精神相关表达
表达 释义
sportsmanship 体育精神；运动员风范
fair play 公平竞争
teamwork 团队合作
perseverance 坚持不懈
self-discipline 自律
positive attitude 积极的态度
keep fit 保持健康
a healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
七、写作专题：Write a page in a wellness book
（一）写作任务与篇章结构
本单元的写作任务是“写一页健康手册”，向读者分享自己关于健康（饮食、锻炼、心态等）的问题、改变与收获，鼓励他人做出积极改变。建议按“问题—改变—结果”三部分组织，以第一人称叙述，语气真诚积极。
（二）常用句式
功能 常用句式
描述问题 I used to...；I was worried about...；I compared myself with...；I felt bad about my body/weight.
描述改变 Instead of..., I...；Rather than..., I...；I stopped doing... and started doing...；I began to work out...；I added... to my meals.
描述结果与感悟 Now I feel...；It makes a big difference to...；I have learned that...；Health matters more than weight.
发出号召 Let's work out together!；Small changes can make a big difference.
（三）参考范文
Problems and Solutions Last year, I was always worried about my weight. I compared myself with the slim models on TV and felt unhappy about my body. To lose weight, I even skipped breakfast and ate less, which made me weak and tired. Later, I decided to change my way of thinking. Instead of focusing on weight, I began to think about fitness and health. Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added more vegetables and fruit to my meals. I also worked out for about an hour every day. Now I feel much more energetic and confident. I have learned that health matters more than weight, and that it is important to accept ourselves and make changes step by step. A healthy lifestyle not only makes a difference to our body but also to our mind.
八、单元综合检测
（一）用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The player was seriously ________ (injure) in the match and had to leave the field.
2. She showed great ________ (determine) to win the championship.
3. Our team won the game, and everyone felt ________ (honour).
4. The two athletes are ________ (compete) for the gold medal.
5. Regular exercise can ________ (strength) your body and mind.
6. She is a ________ (grace) dancer, and her moves are admired by all.
7. Too much pressure can make you feel ________ (stress) out.
8. After the accident, the ________ (injure) were sent to hospital at once.
9. Do you know the ________ (compete) from other schools
10. Swimming is a good way to keep ________ (fit).
（二）单项选择（反意疑问句）
1. —He can hardly wait for the match, ________ —No, he can't. A. can he B. can't he C. does he D. doesn't he
2. Let's go to the gym together, ________ A. will you B. shall we C. won't you D. do we
3. There used to be a stadium here, ________ A. usedn't there B. used there C. was there D. wasn't it
4. I don't think they will win the game, ________ A. do I B. don't I C. will they D. won't they
5. Nobody was late for the training, ________ A. was he B. were they C. wasn't he D. weren't they
（三）完成句子
1. 他为我们树立了坚持锻炼的好榜样。（set an example）
He ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ by working out every day.
2. 不要因为一次失败就丧失信心。（lose heart）
________ ________ ________ because of one failure.
3. 我每天锻炼以保持健康。（work out）
I ________ ________ every day to keep fit.
4. 与跑步相比，散步对膝盖的伤害更小。（compared with）
________ ________ ________ running, walking does less harm to the knees.
5. 只要永不放弃，你就能成功。（make it）
You can ________ ________ if you never give up.
（四）参考答案
（一）1. injured 2. determination 3. honoured 4. competing 5. strengthen 6. graceful 7. stressed 8. injured 9. competitors 10. fit
（二）1. A（hardly 为否定副词，疑问部分用肯定式） 2. B（Let's 开头的祈使句用 shall we） 3. A（used to 的疑问部分用 usedn't 或 didn't） 4. C（主句为 I don't think + 宾语从句，疑问部分与从句一致并注意否定转移） 5. B（nobody 作主语，疑问部分多用 they）
（三）1. He set an example for us 2. Don't lose heart 3. work out 4. Compared with 5. make it

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