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Unit 4 Natural Disasters 重点词汇拓展导学案
一、学习目标
1. 掌握本单元重点词汇的拓展义与词性转换，构建词汇网络；
2. 在语境中理解并运用重点词汇的搭配、辨析与熟词生义；
3. 借助导学流程，自主完成预习—探究—检测，提升词汇学习能力。
二、课前预习
1. 根据音标写出单词并标出词性：
[d zɑ st (r)] ________　[ reskju ] ________　[ v kjue t] ________　[ elt (r)] ________　[s va v] ________　[d str ] ________
2. 写出下列单词的汉语释义：
damage ________　affect ________　injure ________　emergency ________　supply ________　shock ________
3. 预习中你认为较难的词：________________________。
三、课中探究：重点词汇拓展
（一）destroy / damage / ruin（拓展辨析）
destroy 强调彻底毁坏，无法修复；damage 指部分损坏，可修复；ruin 强调毁坏到无法正常使用，多用于抽象事物。例句：The fire destroyed the whole building. The flood damaged the crops, but farmers could replant them. The bad weather ruined our plan. 即时运用：The earthquake ________ many houses in the village. （划线处为答案位置）
（二）affect / effect（拓展辨析）
affect 为动词“影响”，effect 为名词“影响；效果”，搭配 have an effect on...。例句：The heavy rain affected the traffic. The medicine had a good effect on the patient. 即时运用：The disaster ________ the local people deeply. （划线处为答案位置）
（三）rescue / save（拓展辨析）
rescue 指从危险中紧急营救，常与 from 连用；save 含义更广，可指挽救生命、节省等。搭配：come to one’s rescue。例句：The firefighters rescued the children from the burning house. 即时运用：The soldiers ________ the trapped miners in time. （划线处为答案位置）
（四）survive 的拓展
survive v. 幸存 → survival n. 幸存 → survivor n. 幸存者。搭配：survive the earthquake 在地震中幸存；survive on... 靠……生存。例句：Only a few people survived the tsunami. 即时运用：The ________ (survive) were taken to a safe place. （划线处为答案位置）
（五）strike / sweep（熟词生义拓展）
strike 除“罢工”外，还表“侵袭；突然发生”，过去式 struck；sweep 除“扫”外，还表“席卷”，过去式 swept。例句：A hurricane struck the coast at midnight. The flood swept away many houses. 即时运用：The earthquake ________ the city at dawn yesterday. （划线处为答案位置）
（六）supply / shelter / trap（一词多性拓展）
supply 作名词“供应；补给品”（复数 supplies），作动词“供应”，搭配 supply sb. with sth.；shelter 作名词“避难处”，作动词“躲避”；trap 作动词“困住”，搭配 be trapped in...。例句：The government supplied the victims with food. They sheltered from the rain under a tree. The miners were trapped in the tunnel. 即时运用：Medical ________ (supply) were sent to the disaster area. （划线处为答案位置）
四、课堂检测（限时5分钟）
1. The earthquake ________ (destroy) many buildings in the city centre.
2. More than 500 people were ________ (evacuate) from the flooded village.
3. They took ________ (shelter) in a nearby cave during the storm.
4. The rescue team tried their best to save every ________ (survive).
五、课后巩固
1. 完成课本课后相关词汇练习；
2. 从本课拓展词汇中任选5个，各写一个含定语从句的句子。
六、学习反思
1. 我已掌握重点词汇的辨析与拓展用法。　□很好　□较好　□需加强
2. 我能自主完成预习并在课中探究中解决问题。　□很好　□较好　□需加强
3. 我仍需巩固的词汇或考点：________________________。
参考答案
课前预习1：disaster；rescue；evacuate；shelter；survive；destroy
课前预习2：损害；影响；使受伤；紧急情况；供应；震惊
课中探究即时运用：destroyed（1）　affected（2）　came to the rescue of / rescued（3）　survivors（4）　struck（5）　supplies（6）
课堂检测：1. destroyed　2. evacuated　3. shelter　4. survivor

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