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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【学霸通关】人教社八年级下册学霸笔记和拔高专项练习
Unit5 Nature's Temper Section B
单元主题：What can we do to prepare for the worst
核心语法：过去进行时 & 一般过去时综合；when/while/as soon as/by the time 时间状语从句；too…to… 结构
第一部分 学霸笔记
一、核心单词
worst /w st/adj.&adv. 最差的；最坏的（bad/badly 最高级）
词形：bad/badly → worse（比较级）→ worst（最高级）
搭配：the worst natural disaster 最严重自然灾害；prepare for the worst 为最坏情况做准备
例句：What can we do to prepare for the worst
schoolgirl / sku lɡ l/n. 女学生 构词：school+girl
搭配：a 10-year-old English schoolgirl
例句：On 26 December 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old English schoolgirl, and her family were on holiday in Phuket, Thailand.
froth /fr θ/n. 泡沫；气泡 搭配：thick white froth 厚厚的白色泡沫
例句：Thick white froth was forming on top of the waves.
refuse /r fju z/v. 拒绝；回绝 搭配：refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
例句：However, Tilly refused to take a single step further.
security /s kj r ti/n. 安全；保护；保卫
词形：secure adj. 安全的 → security n.
搭配：security guard 保安
例句：Tilly's father told a security guard about the tsunami.
guard /ɡɑ d/n. 警卫；看守 v. 保卫；守卫
搭配：security guard 例句：The security guard was shocked.
nearby / n ba /adj. 附近的 adv. 在附近
搭配：nearby Indonesia 例句：He knew about the huge earthquake in nearby Indonesia.
scream /skri m/v.&n. 尖叫；惊呼 搭配：scream in fear 恐惧地尖叫
例句：People were screaming and running as fast as they could.
thankfully / θ kf li/adv. 幸好；感激地
词形：thankful adj. 感激的 → thankfully adv.
例句：Thankfully, her family made it to safety just as the water hit the hotel.
knowledge / n l d /n. 知识；学问（不可数名词！中考易错）
词形：know v. 知道 → knowledge n. 搭配：knowledge and quick thinking
例句：This true story shows how a single lesson could mean the difference between life and death.
thinking / θ k /n. 思考；想法 adj. 有思想的
词形：think v. 思考 → thinking n. 搭配：quick thinking 快速思考
例句：Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives.
hero / h r /n. 英雄；男主角
词形：heroic adj. 英勇的；heroine n. 女英雄
例句：She was a true hero.
terribly / ter bli/adv. 非常；很；糟糕地
词形：terrible adj. 可怕的 → terribly adv.
搭配：start terribly 开局糟糕
例句：Last Friday started terribly.
alarm / lɑ m/n. 闹钟；警报 搭配：alarm clock 闹钟
例句：My alarm clock didn't go off.
review /r vju /v. 复习；回顾 n. 复习；评论
搭配：review one's notes 复习笔记
例句：I was reviewing my notes while I was waiting for my bus.
sudden / s dn/adj. 突然的；意外的
词形：suddenly adv. 突然地 搭配：all of a sudden 突然
例句：All of a sudden, thunder rolled across the sky.
thunder / θ nd (r)/n. 雷；雷声 v. 打雷
例句：All of a sudden, thunder rolled across the sky.
usual / ju u l/adj. 通常的；寻常的
词形：usually adv. 通常；unusual adj. 不寻常的 搭配：as usual 像往常一样
例句：There was a landslide along our usual road.
unlucky / n l ki/adj. 不幸的；倒霉的
词形：luck n. 运气 → lucky adj. 幸运 → unlucky adj. 不幸
例句：What luck on my unlucky day!
rainstorm / re nst m/n. 暴风雨 构词：rain+storm
例句：Many others were also late because of the rainstorm.
二、重点短语（中考必考）
go off （警报、闹钟）突然响起
all of a sudden 突然
by the time 到…… 的时候
out of breath 上气不接下气
as a result 因此；结果
go wrong 出故障；出问题
be on holiday 在度假
on top of 在…… 顶部
instead of 代替；而不是
take a single step 迈出一步
rush to do sth. 急忙去做某事
as fast as one could 尽可能快
mean the difference between… 意味着…… 之间的差别
thanks to 多亏；由于（后接名词 / 代词）
三、核心语法精讲
语法 1：过去进行时 vs 一般过去时
过去进行时（was/were + doing）：过去某一刻正在进行，描述故事背景 While Tilly was walking along the beach, she noticed something strange.
一般过去时（动词过去式）：过去发生完成的短暂动作，故事主线 She remembered something important.
区分口诀：长背景用进行，短动作用过去。
语法 2：when /while/as soon as /by the time 时间状语从句
连词 含义 用法要点
when 当…… 时候 从句可短暂 / 延续动词，时态可一般过去 / 过去进行
while 当…… 时候 只能接延续性动词，多用过去进行
as soon as 一…… 就 动作紧接发生，从句一般过去时
by the time 到…… 为止 从句一般过去时；主句常用一般过去 / 过去完成
易错： While he came in, I was reading. When he came in, I was reading.
语法 3：too…to… 结构
结构：too + adj./adv. (+for sb.) + to do
含义：太…… 而不能……，本身自带否定含义，不能再加 not
例句：The wind was too strong for me to use my umbrella!
四、课文背诵原句（必背）
How One Girl Saved Many Lives
On 26 December 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old English schoolgirl, and her family were on holiday in Phuket, Thailand.
But while Tilly was walking along the beach with her family, she noticed something strange.
Thick white froth was forming on top of the waves.
Two weeks before, her geography teacher had explained that earthquakes under the sea could create dangerous waves called tsunamis!
However, Tilly refused to take a single step further.
He jumped into action right away and rushed to get people off the beach.
This true story shows how a single lesson could mean the difference between life and death.
Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives.
A Bad Day
First, my alarm clock didn't go off, so I woke up late and had to rush to the bus stop.
I was reviewing my notes while I was waiting for my bus.
All of a sudden, thunder rolled across the sky.
The wind was too strong for me to use my umbrella!
By the time the bus came, I was cold and wet.
When I finally reached my classroom, out of breath, my teacher was already waiting at the door.
As a result, she said we weren't having a test after all!
Wildfire in Chongqing
In August 2022, China experienced a great heatwave, the worst since 1961.
Large wildfires swept through the forests and mountains there.
Over 5,000 firefighters, police, and volunteers all worked together to keep the people and their homes safe.
It was very hard to fight the fires because of the high temperatures and changeable winds, but the rescue workers refused to give up.
第二部分 拔高专项练习（满分 100 分｜40 分钟）
第 Ⅰ 卷 选择题（60 分）
一、单项选择（10 小题，每题 1 分，共 10 分）
（）1. Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old English ____, and her family were on holiday in Thailand.
A. schoolboy B. schoolgirl C. school D. girl
（）2. While Tilly ____ along the beach, she noticed something strange.
A. walked B. walks C. was walking D. is walking
（）3. The wind was ____ strong for me to use my umbrella!
A. so B. too C. very D. much
（）4. Tilly ____ to take a single step further.
A. refused B. refuses C. refuse D. refusing
（）5. ____ her knowledge and quick thinking, she saved over 100 lives.
A. Because B. Thanks to C. As a result D. So
（）6. My alarm clock didn't ____, so I woke up late.
A. go off B. go on C. go out D. go up
（）7. ____ the bus came, I was cold and wet.
A. By the time B. At the time C. In time D. On time
（）8. When I finally reached my classroom, ____, my teacher was waiting.
A. out of breath B. out of control C. out of date D. out of order
（）9. ____, thunder rolled across the sky.
A. All of a sudden B. All the sudden C. All of sudden D. All a sudden
（）10. ____, she said we weren't having a test after all!
A. As a result B. As usual C. As well D. As soon as
二、完形填空（10 小题，每题 1 分，共 10 分）
话题：Ma Li 的糟糕一天，暴风雨，迟到，取消考试
Last Friday started 11.____ for Ma Li. First, her alarm clock didn't 12.________, so she woke up late and had to rush to the bus stop.
She had a test that morning, so she was reviewing her notes 13.________ she was waiting for her bus. All of a sudden, thunder rolled across the sky. Then it started to pour. The wind was 14.____ strong for her to use her umbrella!
____ the bus came, she was cold and wet. She was still worrying about the test 16.____ the bus driver said that they would be late. There was a landslide along their usual road.
When she finally reached her classroom, 17.________, her teacher was already waiting at the door. Many others were also late because of the rainstorm.
18.________, the teacher said they weren't having a test after all! What 19.____ on her unlucky day! She felt very 20.____.
（）11. A. terribly B. happily C. quietly D. safely
（）12. A. go off B. go on C. go out D. go up
（）13. A. while B. before C. after D. until
（）14. A. too B. so C. very D. much
（）15. A. By the time B. At the time C. In time D. On time
（）16. A. when B. while C. as soon as D. by the time
（）17. A. out of breath B. out of control C. out of date D. out of order
（）18. A. As a result B. As usual C. As well D. As soon as
（）19. A. luck B. problem C. accident D. danger
（）20. A. lucky B. unlucky C. terrible D. afraid
三、阅读理解（15 小题，每题 2 分，共 30 分）
A 应用文｜自然灾害应急准备指南
How to Prepare for the WorstNatural disasters can happen at any time. Here is a simple guide to help you and your family prepare for the worst.Before a disaster Make an emergency plan with your family. Prepare a disaster kit: water, food, a flashlight, a radio, medicine and some warm clothes. Learn about the dangers in your area, such as floods, earthquakes, typhoons or wildfires. Keep important phone numbers in a safe place.During a disaster Stay calm. Do not panic. Follow the advice of your parents, teachers or rescue workers. If you are outside, stay away from trees, walls and power lines. If you are inside, hide under a strong desk or stay in a safe room.After a disaster Do not go back to dangerous areas. Help your family and neighbours if it is safe. Listen to the radio or watch the news for more information.Remember: knowledge and quick thinking can save lives.
（）21. What is the passage mainly about
How to prepare for natural disasters. B. How to swim in the sea.
C. How to fight wildfires. D. How to have a good holiday.
（）22. What should you prepare in a disaster kit
Water, food, a flashlight and medicine. B. Toys and games.
C. A swimming suit. D. A schoolbag.
（）23. What should you do during a disaster
Stay calm and follow advice. B. Run everywhere.
C. Panic and scream. D. Go back home alone.
（）24. What should you do after a disaster
Go back to dangerous areas. B. Listen to the radio or watch the news.
C. Forget about your neighbours. D. Never help others.
（）25. What can save lives according to the passage
Money and luck. B. Knowledge and quick thinking.
C. Running and screaming. D. Water and food.
B 记叙文｜Tilly Smith 海啸救人故事
On 26 December 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old English schoolgirl, and her family were on holiday in Phuket, Thailand. Everyone was enjoying the beautiful weather that morning. Some people were swimming in the sea, and some were relaxing on the beach. But while Tilly was walking along the beach with her family, she noticed something strange. Thick white froth was forming on top of the waves. Next, she saw that the waves were coming in instead of going out.
Just then, she remembered something important. Two weeks before, her geography teacher had explained that earthquakes under the sea could create dangerous waves called tsunamis!
“I know what's going to happen! There's going to be a big wave,” Tilly cried. Unfortunately, her family didn't believe her and wanted to continue their walk. However, Tilly refused to take a single step further. Finally, her mother decided to continue the walk alone, and the rest of her family returned to the hotel.
Back at the hotel, Tilly's father told a security guard about the tsunami. The security guard was shocked. He knew about the huge earthquake in nearby Indonesia. It meant that a tsunami was possible! He jumped into action right away and rushed to get people off the beach.
Tilly was right! Her mother was one of the last people on the beach, but thankfully, her family made it to safety just as the water hit the hotel. The 2004 tsunami caused over 200,000 deaths, but no one on the beach died that day.
（）26. Where was Tilly Smith on 26 December 2004
A. In England. B. In Indonesia. C. In Phuket, Thailand. D. In China.
（）27. What did Tilly notice while walking along the beach
People swimming. B. Thick white froth on the waves.
C. A huge wall of water. D. Her family leaving.
（）28. Why did Tilly know about tsunamis
She saw one before. B. Her father told her.
C. Her geography teacher had explained it. D. She read about it in a book.
（）29. What did the security guard do after hearing about the tsunami
He didn't believe Tilly's father. B. He called the police.
C. He rushed to get people off the beach. D. He went swimming.
（）30. What is the main idea of the passage
How to swim in the sea. B. A girl's holiday in Thailand.
C. How one girl's knowledge saved many lives. D. The 2004 tsunami in Indonesia.
C 新闻短文｜2022 重庆山火救援
Wildfire in Chongqing
CHONGQING, Sept. 1 (Xinhua)
In August 2022, China experienced a great heatwave, the worst since 1961. It caused drought in different parts of the country. The heatwave hit the southwestern city of Chongqing very hard. Large wildfires swept through the forests and mountains there.
Over 5,000 firefighters, police, and volunteers all worked together to keep the people and their homes safe. They put out the fires, brought more than 1,500 people to safety and warned others to stay away from dangerous areas.
It was very hard to fight the fires because of the high temperatures and changeable winds, but the rescue workers refused to give up. By the end of August, they managed to put out all the fires.
“We will never forget the brave people who helped us,” one local person said. “They are true heroes.”
（）31. What happened in China in August 2022
A. A great flood. B. A great heatwave. C. A big earthquake. D. A tsunami.
（）32. What did the heatwave cause in Chongqing
A. Floods. B. Drought and wildfires. C. Earthquakes. D. Tsunamis.
（）33. How many people worked together to fight the fires
A. Over 1,500. B. Over 5,000. C. Over 200,000. D. Over 100.
（）34. Why was it hard to fight the fires
Because there was too much water.
Because of the high temperatures and changeable winds.
Because there were no firefighters.
D. Because people didn't help.
（）35. What did the rescue workers refuse to do
A. Put out the fires. B. Help people. C. Give up. D. Work together.
四、补全对话（5 小题，每题 2 分，共 10 分，多余一项）
话题：讨论暴风雨迟到经历
A. What happened B. Did you have a test C. That sounds terrible! D. How was your day E. What did you do F. That's good news!
A: Hi, Ma Li. 36.______
B: It started terribly. My alarm clock didn't go off, so I woke up late.
A: 37.______
B: I had to rush to the bus stop. I had a test that morning, so I was reviewing my notes while waiting.
A: 38.______
B: All of a sudden, thunder rolled across the sky. It started to pour. The wind was too strong for me to use my umbrella!
A: 39.______
B: By the time the bus came, I was cold and wet. And there was a landslide along our usual road.
A: Oh no! Did you get to school on time
B: When I finally reached my classroom, out of breath, my teacher was already waiting. Many others were also late.
A: So did you have the test
B: 40.______ She said we weren't having a test after all! What luck on my unlucky day!
第 Ⅱ 卷 非选择题（40 分）
五、词形转换（8 小题，每题 1 分，共 8 分）
用括号内单词适当形式填空，每空一词。
41. Tilly Smith was a 10-year-old English ______ (schoolgirl).
42. Two weeks before, her geography teacher ______ (explain) that earthquakes under the sea could create tsunamis.
43. However, Tilly ______ (refuse) to take a single step further.
44. The security guard was ______ (shock) when he heard about the tsunami.
45. ______ (thankful), her family made it to safety.
46. Thanks to her knowledge and quick ______ (think), she saved over 100 lives.
47. Last Friday started ______ (terrible).
48. My alarm clock didn't ______ (go) off, so I woke up late.
六、语法填空（7 空，每空 1 分，共 7 分）
阅读短文，用所给词适当形式填空，每空一词。
On 26 December 2004, Tilly Smith and her family 49.______ (be) on holiday in Phuket. While Tilly 50.______ (walk) along the beach, she noticed something strange. Thick white froth was forming on top of the waves. She remembered what her geography teacher 51.______ (explain) two weeks before. She cried, “There's going to be a big wave!” Unfortunately, her family didn't believe her. However, Tilly refused 52.______ (take) a single step further.
Back at the hotel, Tilly's father told a security guard. The guard was shocked and rushed 53.______ (get) people off the beach. Tilly was right! The tsunami hit, but thankfully, no one on the beach 54.______ (die) that day. Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl 55.______ (save) over 100 lives.
七、任务型阅读（5 小题，每题 2 分，共 10 分，每空不超过 5 个词）
Last Saturday was an unforgettable day for Li Hua. He planned to go to the city library to finish his group project early in the morning. He got up on time and prepared his notebook and USB drive carefully.
On his way to the library, he saw an old man fall down on the street. Li Hua ran over to help him stand up. The old man’s leg hurt badly, so Li Hua called 120 right away. He stayed with the old man until the ambulance arrived.
Because of this, Li Hua missed the early bus. He had to wait for another bus for forty minutes. When he got to the library, it was already noon. He was afraid he couldn’t finish the group work on time.
To his surprise, his group members all arrived earlier. They saved a seat for him and agreed to work together for the rest of the day. They finished their project before the library closed.
56．Where did Li Hua plan to go last Saturday ________________________
57．What did Li Hua see on his way to the library ________________________
58．Who did Li Hua call after the old man fell down ________________________
59．Why did Li Hua arrive at the library at noon ________________________
60．What did Li Hua’s group members do for him ________________________
八、书面表达（15 分）
话题：A Bad Day
提示词：alarm clock, go off, wake up late, rush to, while, all of a sudden, by the time, out of breath, as a result
要求：60 词左右；使用过去进行时、一般过去时；按时间顺序叙述；无真实姓名、学校。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第三部分 参考答案
一、单项选择
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.A
二、完形填空
11.A 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.A 16.A 17.A 18.A 19.A 20.A
三、阅读理解
A：21.A 22.A 23.A 24.B 25.B B：26.C 27.B 28.C 29.C 30.C C：31.B 32.B 33.B 34.B 35.C
四、补全对话
36.D 37.A 38.E 39.C 40.F
五、词形转换
41.schoolgirl 42.had explained 43.refused 44.shocked 45.Thankfully 46.thinking 47.terribly 48.go
六、语法填空
49.were 50.was walking 51.had explained 52.to take 53.to get 54.died 55.saved
七、任务型阅读
56. He planned to go to the city library.
57. He saw an old man fall down on the street.
58. He called 120.
59. Because he helped the old man and missed the early bus.
60. They saved a seat for him and worked together with him.
八、书面表达 参考范文
A Bad Day
Last Friday started terribly. My alarm clock didn't go off, so I woke up late. While I was rushing to the bus stop, it started to rain heavily. By the time the bus came, I was cold and wet. When I finally reached my classroom, out of breath, I found many classmates were also late. As a result, our teacher said we weren't having the test! What luck on my unlucky day!
评分标准
13–15 分：时态准确，要点齐全，语句流畅，词数达标，几乎无错
10–12 分：要点齐全，少量语法错误，不影响理解
7–9 分：要点缺失，语法错误较多
＜7 分：词数不足，错误过多难以读懂
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