资源简介

(共71张PPT)
Unit 5
UNIT
5
Power of Ideas
Section B
How do we turn ideas into reality
通过阅读介绍中国古代四大发明之一的造纸术的文章，了解纸的演进过程、蔡伦对造纸术的改良、造纸的基本流程，以及造纸术对世界文明发展的重要作用。
能够理解介绍历史上重大发明的说明文的核心内容，分析其语言特点。
能够掌握该语篇介绍造纸过程的表达方式，如顺序副词和被动语态的运用，并简洁、准确地复述造纸流程。
能够通过关注语篇中的指代关系来准确理解语义、把握语篇逻辑，增强语篇衔接意识。
能够正确运用所学语篇知识和语言表达，介绍另一项中国古代的伟大发明，实现知识与能力的迁移运用。
能够认识到造纸术对世界文明发展的重要影响，增强文化自信。
n. 现实；事实
reality
How do we turn ideas into reality
我们如何把想法变为现实？
turn ... into reality 把……变成现实
become a reality 成为现实
in reality 实际上
face reality 面对现实
real adj. 真实的
really adv. 真正地；确实
realize v. 意识到；实现
n. 造纸工艺；造纸业
papermaking
All of these things depend on one invention — papermaking.
所有这些都取决于一项发明——造纸术。
adj. 作为原因的；有责任的
responsible
It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our
modern world.
在所有发明当中，正是它促成了信息的迅速传播，进而造就了现代世界。
responsible for sth 引起某事
responsibility n. 责任；职责
be responsible for sb/sth 对……负责
You are responsible for your mistakes.
你要为自己的错误负责。
adj. 迅速的；瞬间的
rapid
the rapid spread of information
信息的迅速传播
rapid development 快速发展
rapid growth 迅速增长
rapid change 迅速变化
rapid progress 快速进步
rapidly adv. 迅速地
v. 塑造
n. 形状
shape
shape the future塑造未来
shape one’s life 影响/塑造某人的生活
Parents shape their children’s character.
父母塑造孩子的性格。
in the shape of 以……的形状
in good shape 状态好；身体健康
stone
n. 石头；岩石
jute
n. 黄麻纤维
fibre
=fiber n. 纤维；纤维素
adj. 昂贵的；价格高的
expensive
比较级：more expensive
最高级：most expensive
However, all of these materials were
either difficult to use and store, or very expensive.
然而，所有这些材料要么难以使用和储存，要么非常昂贵。
n. 官员；军官
officer
police officer 警察
army officer 军官
customs officer 海关官员
pron. 没有一个；毫无
none
none可指人，也可指物；强调数量上 “一个都没有”
none of + 复数名词 / 不可数名词
Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal.
人们尝试过多种制作书写载体的方法，但没有一种是理想的。
e.g. none of the students
None of the water is clean.
这些水一点都不干净。
adj. 理想的；最合适的
n. 理想；完美的人（或事物）
ideal
He is the ideal person for this job.
他是这份工作的理想人选。
This quiet library is ideal for
studying.
这个安静的图书馆非常适合学习。
adj. 某些；确定的
pron.（不提及人或事物的名称时用）某些
certain
We are certain of victory.
我们对胜利充满把握。
I am certain about his honesty.
我确信他是诚实的。
He is certain to succeed if he keeps working hard.
如果他继续努力，他一定会成功。
be certain of / about sth
确信……
be certain to do sth
一定会做……
adj. 合适的；适宜的
suitable
This kind of paper is suitable to write on.
这种纸适合在上面书写。
This book is suitable for teenagers.
这本书适合青少年。
He is suitable to be our group leader.
他适合当我们的组长。
n. 液体
adj.液体的
liquid
Water is a liquid.
水是一种液体。
Please pour the liquid into that bottle.
请把液体倒进那个瓶子里。
adj. 便宜的
adv. 低廉地
cheap
This kind of paper is cheap and useful.
这种纸既便宜又实用。
Cheap things are not always bad. 便宜的东西未必不好。
n. 创造；作品
creation
In 105 CE, Cai Lun showed his creation to the emperor.
公元105年，蔡伦向皇帝展示了他的发明。
后来；其后
later on
I will tell you the truth later on.
我稍后会告诉你真相。
speed up
（使）加速
We need to speed up the work.
我们需要加快这项工作。
The car sped up on the highway.
这辆汽车在公路上加速了。
造成；导致
result in
Carelessness results in mistakes.
粗心会造成错误。
Cutting trees can result in soil loss. 砍伐树木会造成水土流失。
Eating too much sugar leads to bad teeth.
吃太多糖会造成牙齿损坏。
lead to
导致；造成
n. 诞生；出现
birth
at birth 在出生时
give birth to… 生下；产生
the birth of … …… 的诞生
This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today.
这带来了知识的新生，创造了我们如今的世界。
What material are they made of
Can you find more things made of these materials
wood
metal
plastic
Do you know the Four Great Inventions of Ancient China
Papermaking
Printing
Gunpowder
Compass
Today we will talk about papermaking, one of the Four Great Inventions of Ancient China. Do you know who invented it
Cai Lun was an official in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He saw that bamboo and silk were not good for writing — they were heavy or costly. So he made paper from bark, cloth and fibres. His paper was light and cheap. He showed it to the emperor in 105 CE. His invention changed the way people recorded and shared information forever.
Without paper, we couldn’t read books or newspapers.
Without paper, we couldn’t write down our homework.
Without paper, we couldn’t draw pictures.
…
What would our life be like without paper
So paper is really important in our daily life. Today, we are going to read a passage about papermaking.
What material are these things made of
Find more things that are made of this material.
These things are all made of paper (and some other materials).
When you see paper, what other things do you think of
sticky note
notebook
newspaper
dictionary
magazine
Read the title of the text. What do you think the passage is mainly about
What do you expect to read about the invention in the passage
How papermaking was developed and improved in ancient China.
Read the text and match each paragraph with its topic.
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 5
A. Early materials to write on
B. Cai Lun’s experiment
C. Introduction to the topic
D. How paper changed the world
E. Cai Lun’s creative idea
Read the text and think about the writing purpose of each paragraph based on its topic.
Paragraph Topic Purpose
1 Introduction to the topic
2 Background and problem
3 Cai Lun’s idea
4 Papermaking process and success
5 Influence
Introduce the topic— papermaking and its importance
Explain the problems with earlier writing materials
Present the beginning of the solution
Explain how paper was made and show that Cai Lun was successful
Show the influence of papermaking
Find out what these pronouns from the text refer to.
It in Paragraph 1: _________
It in Paragraph 5: _________
it in Paragraph 5: _________
This in Paragraph 5: _______
Understanding reference words
Noticing what pronouns refer to will help you understand how different parts of the reading are connected.
代词是语篇衔接与连贯的重要纽带，其核心功能是避免内容重复、串联上下文逻辑。
确定代词指代对象的方法：
就近定位，结合单复数、词性、人称的语法一致性缩小范围；
回溯前文1-2句，根据语义锁定与代词有逻辑关联的内容，如名词或事件；
代入验证，将指代对象代入代词的位置，通读前后文，确保语义、语法、逻辑通顺。
It in Paragraph 1: ____________________________
It in Paragraph 5: ____________________________
it in Paragraph 5: _____________________________
This in Paragraph 5: __________________________
papermaking
the papermaking technique
the use of paper and printing
a rapid increase in the number of books
Read Para. 1 and answer the following question.
Why does the writer ask readers to imagine a world without books, newspapers, or magazines
To grab readers’ attention and make them realize how important papermaking is.
Read Paras. 2-3 and complete the table.
Question Material to write on before Cai Lun Cai Lun’s paper
What was it like
What was used to make it
difficult to use and store, or very expensive
soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap
Many different materials, such as animal bones, bronze ware, stones, wood, bamboo, silk, and an early form of paper made from jute
bark, certain plants, and old clothes
Read Para. 4 and finish the process of making paper.
bark, certain plants, and old clothes were ____________________
mixed and boiled in water
first
this material was ____________________
____________________
beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again
the liquid was ____________________
______, leaving just the fibre
this fibre was ____________________
____________________
poured over a bamboo screen
next
then
dried and pressed to form paper
finally
Why does the writer mention the emperor in Paragraph 4
Because it shows Cai Lun’s paper was a great success and got the emperor’s recognition.
Put the sentences in order. Then retell the process of making paper in your own words.
The material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water.
B. All the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water.
C. The fibre was dried and pressed to form paper.
D. The liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre.
2
1
4
3
Read Para. 5 and finish the table.
spread to ________________________________
________________
Later on
China’s neighbouring countries
reached _________
through Arab countries
In the 12th century
the use of paper and ________ came together
led to ___________
_________________
_________________
resulted in _______
_________________
shaped the modern world
In later centuries
Europe
printing
a rapid
a new
increase in the number of books
birth of knowledge
Para.1 → Hook
Para.2 → Problem
Paras.3-4 → Solution
Para.5 → Spread and
influence
文章整体采用 “总—分—总” 结构，按 “问题 → 解决 → 影响” 的叙事逻辑展开。
以反问句开头，引发读者兴趣，直接点明主题。
列举古代书写材料的缺陷，为蔡伦的发明做铺垫。
介绍发明者身份 + 灵感来源。从“问题”过渡到“解决方案的尝试”。
详细描述造纸的四个步骤。大量使用被动语态，突出动作本身而非执行者——这是说明文和科技类文本的典型特征。
呈现发明的成果和正面反馈。
结尾句子与开头呼应，形成闭环。
Some great inventions from ancient China include the compass, gunpowder, and printing. The compass made long-distance navigation possible, opening up new trade routes and exploration. Gunpowder changed the way wars were fought. Printing made it possible to produce books more quickly and cheaply, spreading knowledge and education around the world.
Discuss the questions.
What other ancient Chinese inventions do you know How was
the world changed by them
2. What qualities do you think a great inventor has
I think a great inventor is curious, creative, and persistent. They are not afraid to try new ideas and learn from their mistakes. They are also good at observing the world around them and finding solutions to everyday problems, just as Cai Lun did when he noticed that bark and plants could be used to make paper.
If Cai Lun hadn’t improved papermaking, what might be different in our daily lives
First, we might not have books, newspapers, or magazines, because all of them depend on paper. Second, information would not spread as quickly as it does today. The passage says that papermaking speeded up the development of culture and led to a rapid increase in books. Without paper, knowledge might not have been shared so easily, and the world might not have developed as fast. Also, people might still write on heavy bamboo, expensive silk, or stones, which were difficult to use. So paper really changed the world.
Talk about another invention that changed our life.
You can find information with the following questions.
What is the invention and what does it do
Who invented it and when
Where and how was it invented
What problem did it solve
What materials or methods were used to create it
How did it spread around the world
What effect did it have on people’s lives
The invention of printing
Can you imagine a world without books In ancient times, books were rare because people had to copy them by hand. It was slow and easy to make mistakes. Then came Bi Sheng, a common man in the Song Dynasty. He invented movable-type printing. First, he carved Chinese characters on small clay pieces. Next, he baked them hard in fire. Then, he arranged the pieces to form words and pressed them on paper. Finally, he could reuse the pieces for new pages. This method was quick and cheap. It made books more available and helped knowledge spread faster.
be responsible for 引起某事；作为……的原因；对某事负责
塑造现代世界
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
来自
解决这个问题
想到这个主意
倾倒；倒在……上
令所有人惊讶的是
最重要的是
不仅…… 而且……
加速；加快
传播到
结合；汇集
lead to 导致；引起
result in 造成；导致
a new birth of (某事物)的新生、重生
引起某事；作为……的原因
被用来做某事
来自
解决问题
最重要的是
倾倒；倒在……上
令人惊讶的是
不仅…… 而且……
导致；引起
造成；导致
be responsible for
be used to do sth.
come from
solve the problem
most importantly
pour over
to sb.’s surprise
not only … but also …
lead to
result in
I can
了解纸的演进过程、蔡伦对造纸术的改良、造纸的基本流程，以及造纸术对世界文明发展的重要作用。
理解介绍历史上重大发明的说明文的核心内容，分析其语言特点。
掌握该语篇介绍造纸过程的表达方式，如顺序副词和被动语态的运用，并简洁、准确地复述造纸流程。
通过关注语篇中的指代关系来准确理解语义、把握语篇逻辑，增强语篇衔接意识。
正确运用所学语篇知识和语言表达，介绍另一项中国古代的伟大发明，实现知识与能力的迁移运用。
认识到造纸术对世界文明发展的重要影响，增强文化自信。
It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world.
它比任何其他发明都更能促成信息的迅速传播，正是这些
信息塑造了我们的现代世界。
e.g. The storm is responsible for the death of 12 people.
这场暴风雨造成了12人死亡。
be responsible for 表示“引起某事”，还可表示“作为……的原因；成为……的起因”
作插入语，起强调作用
定语从句，修饰前面的information
be responsible for sth对某事负责
e.g. We should be responsible for our own health.
我们应该对自己的健康负责。
be responsible for doing sth 对某事负责
e.g. Who is responsible for cleaning the classroom today
今天谁负责打扫教室？
responsibility n. 责任；职责
e.g. It is our responsibility to protect the environment.
保护环境是我们的责任。
2. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use
and store, or very expensive.
然而，所有这些材料要么难以使用和储存，要么非常昂贵。
either ... or ... “或者……或者……；要么……要么……”
连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要与邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致
e.g. You can come either this afternoon or tomorrow.
你要么今天下午来，要么明天来。
Either you or I am going there tomorrow.
明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。
expensive adj. 昂贵的；价格高的
e.g. Houses are very expensive in this area.
这个地区的房子非常贵。
It’s too expensive for me to buy.
太贵了，我买不起。
It is expensive to travel around the world.
环游世界很费钱。
It is expensive to do sth. 做某事很费钱
3. Different methods for creating something to write on were
tried, but none were ideal.
人们尝试了各种用来制作书写材料的方法，但都不理想。
none pron. 没有一个；毫无
none 和no one
词汇 指代范围 能否与of连用 谓语动词
none 既可指人，也可指物 可以 作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可
no one 只能指人 不能 作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式
e.g. —How many students are there in the classroom
—None.
——教室里有多少学生？
——没有人。
None of the bags belong(s) to you.
这些袋子没有一个是你的。
No one knows the new teacher.
没有人知道这位新老师。
none of + 不可数名词 谓语动词用单数
e.g. None of the water is clean. 这些水都不干净。
【语境应用】根据句意选择正确答案。
A
B
— How many apples are there in the basket
— ______.
A. None B. No one C. Nothing D. Nobody
______ of the students in our class ______ been to the Great Wall.
A. No one; has B. None; have
C. None; has D. Nobody; have
4. From past experiences, Cai Lun got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on.
翻译：
从过去的经验中，蔡伦萌生了一个想法：树皮、某些植物和旧衣服可以被用来制作一种适合书写的特殊材料。
句子主干
that引导的同位语从句，解释说明idea的具体内容
从句主语
从句谓语
目的状语
后置定语
suitable adj. 合适的；适宜的
e.g. He is suitable to be a monitor.
他适合当班长。
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
be suitable for sb. / sth. 对某人/某物来说合适
e.g. This book is suitable for middle school students.
这本书适合中学生。
The weather is suitable for a picnic.
天气适合野餐。
【语境应用】根据句意选择正确答案。
B
1) This kind of music is not suitable ______ the old people
because it's too noisy.
A. to B. for C. with D. of
2) The water in this well is suitable ______.
A. to drink B. to drinking C. drink D. drank
A
5. When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books.
在后来的几个世纪里，当纸的使用和印刷术结合在一起时，它促使书籍的数量迅速增加。
lead to 导致；造成
其中to是介词，后加动词-ing形式
e.g. All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
Staying up late can lead to getting sick.
熬夜会导致生病。
result in “造成；导致”，后常接名词或名词性短语
6. This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world
we have today.
翻译：
这催生了一场知识的新生，造就了我们今天的世界。
句子主干
结果状语，补充说明句子主干的事件带来的影响
定语从句，修饰the world
e.g. The heavy rain resulted in a serious flood.
大雨导致了一场严重的洪水。
His laziness resulted in his failure.
他的懒惰导致了失败。
a new birth of （某事物）的新生，重生
e.g. The discovery of antibiotics marked a new birth of
medicine.
抗生素的发现标志着药学的新生。
Remember the words and expressions in the passage.
Write a short paragraph about “The invention of_________”. You can choose one of these: compass, gunpowder, or printing.

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