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外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit 5 Into the Unknown 单元回顾
I. 知识点回顾
一、词性变形
1. mystery n. 谜；神秘的事物 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ adj. 神秘的 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ adv. 神秘地
2. civilise v. 使文明 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 文明
3. astronomy n. 天文学 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 天文学家 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ adj. 天文学的
4. abandon v. 抛弃；放弃 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ adj. 被遗弃的；废弃的
5. excavate v. 挖掘；发掘 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 发掘；挖掘
6. archaeology n. 考古学 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 考古学家 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ adj. 考古学的
7. correspond v. 相一致；通信 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 通信；对应
8. coincide v. 同时发生 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 巧合 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ adj. 巧合的
9. evidence n. 证据 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ adj. 明显的
10. conquer v. 征服 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 征服者
11. endure v. 忍受；持久 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 忍耐力；耐久力
12. survive v. 生存；幸存 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 生存；幸存 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 幸存者
13. remain v. 留下；仍然是 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 遗迹；残余
14. discover v. 发现 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 发现
15. curious adj. 好奇的 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 好奇心
16. preserve v. 保护；保存 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 保护；保存
17. disappear v. 消失 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 消失
18. investigate v. 调查；研究 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 调查
19. wander v. 漫游；徘徊 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 漫游者
20. explore v. 探索；探究 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 探索；勘探 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ n. 探险家
二、重点短语
1. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 查明；核实；了解清楚
2. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 着手做某事
3. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 调查；研究
4. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ (做前)三思；慎重考虑
5. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 采取行动
6. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 深入探究；钻研
7. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 回避，畏避(困难等)
8. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 与……相对应；与……一致
9. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 大致相当于
10. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 投身于；积极投入
11. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 回顾；回想
12. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 使某人思索不已
13. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 留下某人(独自)做某事
14. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ……的兴衰
15. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 逃跑本能
16. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 直面未知
17. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 追溯到；始于
18. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 出于巧合
19. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 与……相关联
20. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 寻找；寻求
三、重点句型
【规则】名词性从句一律用陈述语序；that 本身无词义、不充当成分，可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；what/who/whoever/whichever 等连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语或定语；when/where/why/how 在从句中作状语。选择引导词的关键是看它在从句中是否作成分、作什么成分。
【例句】＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities remains a mystery. 是什么使玛雅人放弃了他们的大多数大城市，这仍是个谜。
【规则】it 常作形式主语或形式宾语，把真正的主语从句、宾语从句后置，如 It is believed that... / We found it surprising that...；介词之后、动词不定式之前或句首的主语从句中，表示“是否”只能用 whether，不用 if。
【例句】It remains unknown ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ the tombs were built for the emperor himself or for his family. 目前尚不清楚这些墓葬是为皇帝本人还是为他的家人修建的。
【规则】课文用主语从句和表语从句点出谜团：Why Mayan civilisation collapsed in the early 16th century remains a mystery.（why 引导主语从句）；The greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.（what 引导表语从句，在从句中作主语，不可省略）。
【例句】＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ made the ancient Maya study the stars so carefully is still an open question. 究竟是什么使古玛雅人如此仔细地研究星空，这仍是一个未解的问题。
【规则】课文用同位语从句说明抽象名词的内容：The fact that Mayan society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.（that 引导同位语从句，不作成分但一般不可省略）。句式 leave sb doing 表示“让某人（一直）做某事”。
【例句】The archaeologist's new find left the whole team ______(think) deeply about the ancient world. 考古学家的这一新发现让整个团队对古代世界陷入深思。
II. 牛刀小试
一、用所给单词适当形式填空
1. The ______(mystery) pyramid has puzzled travellers for centuries.
2. To the ______(astronomy), the stars hold few secrets.
3. The ______(disappear) of the Maya still puzzles scientists today.
4. Scientists have found fresh ______(evident) of a long drought in the region.
5. The ______(excavate) of the mausoleum took the team almost ten years.
6. It was pure ______(coincide) that the two expeditions arrived on the same day.
7. Children's ______(curious) about the unknown should be encouraged.
8. The ______(civilise) of the Maya reached a high level in astronomy.
9. The ______(discover) of the terracotta warriors amazed the whole world.
10. Their ______(survive) in the desert depended on finding water.
11. The archaeologists carried out a careful ______(investigate) of the ruins.
12. The soldiers showed great ______(endure) during the long march through the mountains.
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Why the Mayan cities ______(abandon) remains a mystery.
2. It ______(estimate) that thousands of workers built the mausoleum.
3. The emperor ordered that the warriors ______(bury) with him.
4. The long drought ______(coincide) with the collapse of the civilisation.
5. Archaeologists ______(dig) at the site near the tomb since 2010.
6. By the time the scholars arrived, the ancient city ______(already, fall) into ruins.
7. Don't shrink from ______(face) the unknown; that is how we learn.
8. He set out ______(prove) his theory, and finally he succeeded.
9. If you look back on history, you will see how ordinary people ______(endure) hardships.
10. The new evidence suggests that the city ______(destroy) by a terrible drought.
三、单元语法：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）
（一）用适当的连接词填空
1. ______ the Maya abandoned their great cities is still debated.
2. The problem is ______ we can rely on the new evidence.
3. It is reported ______ a new chariot pit has been found near the mausoleum.
4. ______ wants to explore the unknown must first learn to face his fear.
5. The exhibition shows ______ advanced Mayan astronomy was.
6. I wonder ______ the two dates correspond to each other.
7. This is ______ the ancient trade route led—to the coast.
8. The news ______ a new tomb had been discovered spread quickly.
（二）名词性从句综合填空（同位语从句与定语从句辨析、it 作形式主语或形式宾语）
1. The fact ______ she refused the offer shocked us all.
2. The theory ______ he advanced has been dismissed by scholars.
3. We found it ______(surprise) that the chariot was pulled by sheep.
4. ______ is believed that the palace was built over 2,000 years ago.
5. Leave it to the experts to decide ______ the relic is genuine.
6. Success depends on ______ we can finish the excavation in time.
7. The question is ______ of the two theories is more convincing.
8. Word came ______ the emperor's tomb had finally been located.
（三）语篇语法填空（名词性从句与其他语法综合）
Across the rainforests of Central America stand the ruins of great Mayan cities, 1 ______(them) pyramids still rising above the trees. The Maya created a remarkable civilisation, yet around the ninth century they abandoned most of their cities. 2 ______ caused the collapse remains a mystery. Some scholars believe 3 ______ a long drought destroyed the civilisation, because tree rings show that rainfall 4 ______(drop) sharply at that time. Others think that war or disease was 5 ______(blame). In recent years, researchers 6 ______(set) out to look into the question, and new evidence 7 ______(dig) up in the region suggests that the Maya may have helped create the crisis by cutting down too many trees. Although the theory has not been proved, it shows 8 ______ powerful the secrets of this ancient civilisation are. The greatest mystery of all is 9 ______ the Maya never returned, and the question still leaves historians 10 ______(think) about the unknown.
四、课文语法填空
Deep in the rainforests of Central America stand the remains of great Mayan cities, 1 ______(abandon) more than a thousand years ago. The Maya were gifted 2 ______(astronomy), and the calendar they created was remarkably 3 ______(accuracy). Their achievements are all the more mysterious because their society was technologically primitive. Yet the greatest mystery of all is 4 ______ caused the Maya to leave their cities. Some believe that a severe drought struck the region, while others blame war 5 ______ disease. Why Mayan civilisation collapsed 6 ______(remain) a mystery, and although several theories have been dismissed by scholars, each new excavation brings fresh 7 ______(evident). Meanwhile, archaeologists in China are exploring the unknown too. Near the First Emperor's mausoleum, they 8 ______(dig) at a site where the remains of a chariot and six sheep were found, 9 ______ may show the grandeur of the imperial 10 ______(bury).
外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit 5 参考答案
I. 知识点回顾
一、词性变形
1. mystery n. 谜；神秘的事物 → mysterious adj. 神秘的 → mysteriously adv. 神秘地
2. civilise v. 使文明 → civilisation n. 文明
3. astronomy n. 天文学 → astronomer n. 天文学家 → astronomical adj. 天文学的
4. abandon v. 抛弃；放弃 → abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；废弃的
5. excavate v. 挖掘；发掘 → excavation n. 发掘；挖掘
6. archaeology n. 考古学 → archaeologist n. 考古学家 → archaeological adj. 考古学的
7. correspond v. 相一致；通信 → correspondence n. 通信；对应
8. coincide v. 同时发生 → coincidence n. 巧合 → coincidental adj. 巧合的
9. evidence n. 证据 → evident adj. 明显的
10. conquer v. 征服 → conqueror n. 征服者
11. endure v. 忍受；持久 → endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力
12. survive v. 生存；幸存 → survival n. 生存；幸存 → survivor n. 幸存者
13. remain v. 留下；仍然是 → remains n. 遗迹；残余
14. discover v. 发现 → discovery n. 发现
15. curious adj. 好奇的 → curiosity n. 好奇心
16. preserve v. 保护；保存 → preservation n. 保护；保存
17. disappear v. 消失 → disappearance n. 消失
18. investigate v. 调查；研究 → investigation n. 调查
19. wander v. 漫游；徘徊 → wanderer n. 漫游者
20. explore v. 探索；探究 → exploration n. 探索；勘探 → explorer n. 探险家
二、重点短语
1. check out 查明；核实；了解清楚
2. set out to do sth 着手做某事
3. look into 调查；研究
4. think twice (before doing) (做前)三思；慎重考虑
5. take action 采取行动
6. delve into 深入探究；钻研
7. shrink from (doing) sth 回避，畏避(困难等)
8. correspond to/with 与……相对应；与……一致
9. correspond roughly to 大致相当于
10. throw oneself into 投身于；积极投入
11. look back on 回顾；回想
12. leave sb thinking 使某人思索不已
13. leave sb to do sth 留下某人(独自)做某事
14. the rise and fall of ……的兴衰
15. flight instinct 逃跑本能
16. face the unknown 直面未知
17. date back to 追溯到；始于
18. by coincidence 出于巧合
19. be linked to/with 与……相关联
20. in search of 寻找；寻求
三、重点句型
1. What caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities remains a mystery. 是什么使玛雅人放弃了他们的大多数大城市，这仍是个谜。
2. It remains unknown whether the tombs were built for the emperor himself or for his family. 目前尚不清楚这些墓葬是为皇帝本人还是为他的家人修建的。
3. What made the ancient Maya study the stars so carefully is still an open question. 究竟是什么使古玛雅人如此仔细地研究星空，这仍是一个未解的问题。
4. The archaeologist's new find left the whole team thinking deeply about the ancient world. 考古学家的这一新发现让整个团队对古代世界陷入深思。
II. 牛刀小试
一、用所给单词适当形式填空
1.mysterious 2.astronomer 3.disappearance 4.evidence 5.excavation 6.coincidence 7.curiosity 8.civilisation 9.discovery 10.survival 11.investigation 12.endurance
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.were abandoned 2.is estimated 3.(should) be buried 4.coincided 5.have been digging 6.had already fallen 7.facing 8.to prove 9.endured 10.was destroyed
三、单元语法：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）
（一）用适当的连接词填空
1.Why 2.whether 3.that 4.Whoever 5.how 6.whether/if 7.where 8.that
（二）名词性从句综合填空（同位语从句与定语从句辨析、it 作形式主语或形式宾语）
1.that 2.that/which 3.surprising 4.It 5.whether 6.whether 7.which 8.that
（三）语篇语法填空（名词性从句与其他语法综合）
1.their 2.What 3.that 4.dropped 5.to blame 6.set 7.has been dug 8.how 9.why 10.thinking
四、课文语法填空
1.abandoned 2.astronomers 3.accurate 4.What 5.or 6.remains 7.evidence 8.have been digging 9.which 10.burial

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