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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4 Section A2a-2d语言点精讲精练
I．语言点精讲
1.Why do we get some words mixed up 我们为什么会混淆某些单词？
① get sth. done 使某事被做；请别人做某事
② mix up A and B 把 A 和 B 弄混；mix up sb./sth.弄混某人/某物
get sb./sth. mixed up 把某人/某物弄混
我经常混淆affect 和 effect这两个词。
I often mix up “affect” and “effect”.
我总是把他和他的弟弟弄混。
I always mix him up with his brother.
2.How can we put our brain to good use 我们如何才能充分利用大脑？
① put sth. to good use 有效使用某物 = make good use of sth.
② make full use of 充分利用；be in use 在使用中
It's no use doing sth. 做某事没用
我们应该好好利用这些钱来帮助残疾人。
We should put the money to good use to help disabled people.
=We should make good use of the money to help disabled people.
3. It's a good way to read aloud or retell a passage yourself to practice more.
大声朗读或自己复述文章来多练习是个好方法。
① retell / ri tel/ v. 复述；过去式和过去分词均为 retold
② re- 表示“又；再；重新”，可构成动词
review 复习；rebuild 重建；restart 重新开始；reuse 再次使用
请用你自己的话复述这个故事。
Please retell the story in your own words.
昨天他复述了这篇文章。
He retold the passage yesterday.
4.I can't remember what things you asked me to buy.我记不清你让我买什么东西了。
主句（I can't remember）+ 疑问词（what things）+ 从句主语（you）+ 从句谓语（asked）+ 间接宾语（me）+ 不定式（to buy）
注意： 宾语从句用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后），而不是疑问语序。
错误（疑问语序） 正确（陈述语序）
...what things did you ask me to buy ...what things you asked me to buy.
我忘了老师让我们读哪本书了。
I forgot which book the teacher asked us to read.
Professor, I don't quite understand what you said about linking knowledge.教授，我不太理解您刚才说的关于知识联结的内容。
1）本句中 don't quite understand = “不太理解”（即：理解了一部分，但没完全懂），比 don't understand 语气更委婉、更礼貌。
2）本句的宾语从句是：what you said about linking knowledge
陈述语序：主语（you）+ 谓语（said）
不要写成疑问语序：what did you say...（那是直接疑问句）
老师，我没完全听懂您关于小组合作说的话。
Teacher, I didn't quite understand what you said about working in groups.
6.Could you tell me why it is much easier to forget things to buy than to forget how to ride a bike 你能告诉我，为什么忘记要买的东西比忘记怎么骑自行车要容易得多吗？
how to ride a bike 是“疑问词 + 不定式”结构，在句中作 forget 的宾语。英语中，疑问词（如 what, when, where, how, whether 等）后面可以直接跟不定式，构成一个名词性短语，相当于一个简化的宾语从句。
需要注意的是，这种结构中的不定式逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，但在本句中，forget how to ride a bike 的逻辑主语是泛指“一个人”
你能告诉我，为什么记住一首诗比记住一个电话号码要难得多吗？
Could you tell me why it is much harder to remember a poem than to remember a phone number
7.For one thing, the memory of how to ride a bike is probably stored in a more stable area of our brain.一方面，关于如何骑自行车的记忆可能储存在我们大脑中一个更稳定的区域里。
被动语态 is stored ，是因为在这里关注的重点是“记忆被储存的位置”，而不是“谁储存了记忆”。
a more stable area 中的 more stable 是形容词 stable 的比较级形式，more 用来构成多音节形容词的比较级
一方面，关于如何游泳的记忆可能储存在我们大脑中一个完全不同的区域里。
For one thing, the memory of how to swim is probably stored in a completely different area of our brain
8.Knowledge is like a chain, and new knowledge is best remembered by linking it with old knowledge.知识就像一条锁链，新知识通过和旧知识联结在一起，能被最好地记住。
link A with B 把 A 和 B 联结/联系起来
link A to B 把 A 连接到 B（也表关联）
be linked to/with 与……有关联
生活就像一场马拉松，坚持到底最好通过设定小目标来实现。
Life is like a marathon, and persevering to the end is best achieved by setting small goals.
Why do we get some words mixed up 我们为什么会把一些单词弄混？
get sth. done 使某事被做
相当于have sth. done，意为“使某事被做;请别人做某事”。其中done是动词的过去分词，作宾语补足语，且sth.与done存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
My bike is broken. I want to get it repaired.
我的自行车坏了,我想找人修一下。
II．语言点精练
一、单词默写。
1.___________ 混淆；弄乱 2.___________ 有效使用(或利用)某物
3.___________ n. 脑；智力 4.___________ n. 链条
5.___________ adj. 稳定的；稳固的 6.___________ v. 复述
7.___________ v. 记住；记忆 8.___________ v.给……打钩 n. 对号；钩号
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. You must pay attention to ________ (pronounce) the words correctly.
2. She is so ________ (forget) that she often leaves her things everywhere.
3. You can improve your study by ________ (link) knowledge.
4.The teacher reminded them about ________ (review) their lessons.
5. My mother forgot ________ (buy) some vegetables on her way back home from work.
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. 比利不理解何为关联知识，于是向教授提问。
It was natural of Billy ________ ________ Professor about linking knowledge.
2. 将新旧知识建立联系能更好地记忆，这点十分有用。
It is useful ________ we ________ new knowledge with old knowledge.
3. 留意单词间的差异并在脑中构图，这个方法十分巧妙。
It is clever ________ we ________ pictures for words in our mind.
4. 骑自行车的记忆储存在大脑稳定区域。
The memory of riding bikes ________ ________ in a stable brain area.
5. 我们应当充分利用正在快速发育的大脑。
Our brain ________ ________ to good use while it develops fast.
四、选词填空。
从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。
exactly, turns, worries, think, creative, high, advice, less, new, discover, however
Dreams may make you smart. This was 1 by scientists who do research on dreams.
What is a dream 2 Scientists explain that during sleep time your brain reviews your experiences in the day. It tries to connect your 3 experiences with the old memories. As your brain connects things, it 4 them into a story, and then you get a dream.
Dreams may help you deal with 5 and fears. What has happened during the day may be painful. While you are sleeping, however, the brain will replay the painful memories in a safe dream space. There the bad memories become 6 painful. And you will feel better after waking up.
Dreams also seem to be able to help you learn a lot. This idea is supported by a study. So some scientists 7 you not to stay up all night studying, especially when an exam is coming. They say a sweet dream might help you get 8 marks.
Dreams may make you more 9 , too. It was reported that a famous songwriter came up with his best song in a dream, and wrote it down as soon as he woke up. 10 , dreams alone can’t bring about creativity. In fact, the songwriter spent a lot of time 11 about the song before the dreams.
In a word, hard work matters more for creativity, though dreams also have a role to play.
五、完形填空
The Secret of a Good Memory
Have you ever wondered why some people seem to remember everything while others often forget things The answer lies not in their brain size but in their daily habits. People with good memories usually 1 their brains regularly, just like they exercise their bodies. They understand that memory is a 2 that can be improved with practice.
One important habit is getting enough sleep. During sleep, your brain 3 the information you learned during the day. Without enough rest, new information may not 4 your long-term memory. Another useful method is to 5 new information with something you already know. For example, if you learn a new word, try to 6 it with a picture or a story.
Stress is another factor that 7 memory. When you are stressed, your brain cannot work at its best. That’s why you might 8 a person’s name during an important conversation. To reduce stress, you can try deep breathing or taking short breaks.
Finally, a healthy diet 9 a role in keeping a good memory. Foods like fish, nuts, and vegetables provide nutrients that help your brain function well. As the saying goes, “You are what you eat.” So, if you want to have a better memory, start by 10 small changes to your daily routine.
1．A．exercise B．ignore C．forget D．waste
2．A．gift B．skill C．secret D．problem
3．A．creates B．organizes C．deletes D．hides
4．A．enter B．escape C．leave D．avoid
5．A．compare B．confuse C．connect D．compete
6．A．replace B．associate C．cover D．mix
7．A．improves B．helps C．affects D．creates
8．A．remember B．forget C．recall D．recognize
9．A．plays B．makes C．does D．has
10．A．resisting B．rejecting C．making D．avoiding
六、六选五。
There are many reasons why people read. Sometimes we read because we have to for school. 1 A group of experts from England and China found out that reading for fun is really good for people’s brains later.
The experts studied more than 10,000 kids. 2 The first group started reading for fun between the ages of 2 and 9. The other group never read for fun or started much later. It turned out that the first group did better on memory and language tests.
3 She works at Cambridge University in England. She said there’s a strong connection between reading for fun during childhood and doing well in school. The kids with the best results read 12 hours each week.
But that’s not all. 4 They felt less stressed and spent less time on their phones.
Do you read for fun If not, you can start now! Remember, you don’t have to read only one kind of book. 5 Find books that make your imagination run wild. You can ask your teachers, parents, or librarians for help. Reading is really good for both your thinking and well-being. Just do it!
A．But many people read for fun!
B．They put them into two groups.
C．You can read anything you like!
D．Barbara Sahakian is one of the experts.
E．Reading is the best way to improve your memory.
F. The study also found that these kids felt happier.
七、阅读理解
Do you ever notice how one song can make your day That’s because music doesn’t just enter your ears, it also works on your brain. It can actually impact both your feelings and your memory. Like a special gift may make you feel warm and always remember the day you got it.
Music can lift your spirits in a great way. This is because music turns on a part of the brain called the amygdala（杏仁核）, and it sends out special chemicals known as hormones (荷尔蒙). One powerful hormone is dopamine (多巴胺), which helps people feel happy. Music also encourages the brain to produce another kind of hormone called oxytocin (催产素), which helps people feel close to each other.
Music also works on memory because when you listen to music, a memory area called the hippocampus （海马体）becomes active. It helps store and recall information. Songs with fixed beats or repeated melodies (旋律) make the hippocampus more active. As a result, the brain can group, repeat and remember information better. Some language courses use this idea. They teach words and sentences with pleasant songs.
What music does to our brain makes it very useful. Many people play soft background music while working, because it helps them relax and keep their mind on work. Students can also use music to review words: say them to the beat, or make a new song with the word list. In hospitals, music is sometimes used to help patients with memory problems. Songs from childhood can bring back old memories and help them feel safe.
Next time when you feel stressed out or forget what you have just learned, turn to music. Pick a song that matches your purpose, and let your brain reset.
1．What does the underlined word “impact” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Discover. B．Influence. C．Store. D．Collect.
2．Which is the right process from music to feelings according to Paragraph 2
A．music → amygdala → hormones (dopamine) → feel happy
B．music → amygdala → hormones (oxytocin) → feel happy
C．music → hormones (dopamine) → amygdala → feel close
D．music → hormones (oxytocin) → amygdala → feel close
3．According to Paragraph 3, songs _________ help language learners remember words better.
A．with simple lyrics B．full of feelings
C．with repeated melodies D．full of information
4．Paragraph 4 mainly talks about _________.
A．how music was created B．different kinds of music
C．music and brain parts D．real-life uses of music
5．The best title for the passage is _________.
A．The Power of Music B．Music Around the World
C．Music and Feelings D．Music for Fast Learning
八、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。
Remember to eat fruits and vegetables. They might just improve your memory.
Scientists have found out several kinds of products—including vegetables which have green leaves, orange and red vegetables, berries and orange juice, are good for memory.
Researchers at Harvard University have found that men who insisted on eating those fruits and vegetables over a period of 20 years were more likely to have better memory skills than those who seldom ate them. The study followed about 27,800 men in health care jobs over 20 years, and surveyed them on their diets and other health-related topics every four years.
Toward the end of the study, the researchers started asking them questions about their memory. For example, “Do you have more trouble than usual remembering a short list of things, such as a shopping list ” or “Do you have more trouble than usual following a group conversation or a story in a TV program because of your memory ” “A growing number of ‘yes’ answers to such questions can mean their memory is going down,” the researchers said.
The participants (参与者) were divided into five groups, based on how many servings (分量) of vegetables and fruits they got each day, from six servings in the healthiest group to just two servings. The six-serving eaters were 34 percent less likely to be forgetful. And the results were even better if the men happened to eat carotenoid (类胡萝卜素)-rich vegetables, such as carrots and pumpkins. Besides, those who drank orange juice often were 47 percent less likely to become forgetful, compared with those who drank orange juice less than once a month.
“Our study provides further evidence that diet choices can be important to keep your brain healthy,” researchers said.
1．How long did the researchers follow the participants in the study
______________________________________________________
2．According to the study, what vegetables are good for people’s memory
_________________________________________________________
3．According to Paragraph 4, what can it mean when a person’s memory is becoming worse
_____________________________________________________________
4．What do the researchers think the study can prove
_______________________________________________________________
5．Would you start drinking orange juice more often Why or why not
__________________________________________________________________
九、语法填空
请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，将适当的单词填入空白处，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。
How to Improve Memory You may find it hard to remember what you have learned in class. In fact, it’s quite common to 1 things. Here is some advice.You can use songs to help you. Pick a song 2 interests you. Change what you need to remember into its lyrics. Then you can memorize them as you sing. It is relaxing and easy.A mind map helps you organize information in a visual (视觉的) way. We need several steps to create a mind map. First, write the main idea in the center. For example, write “ 3 ” in the center. Then, write other key ideas around the main idea like “the Mid-Autumn Festival”, “the Spring Festival”, “the Dragon Boat Festival” and so on. Next, write more words about the key ideas like “date”, “food”, “activities” and so on. Now, look 4 the mind map. It’s very helpful, right No one can remember everything, 5 everybody can learn how to improve their memory. Follow the tips, and you will make progress.
II. 语言点精练参考答案
一、单词默写
【答案】mix up; put sth to good use; brain; chain; stable; retell; memorize; tick
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
【答案】 1. pronouncing 2. forgetful 3. linking 4. reviewing 5. to buy
三、根据汉语意思完成句子
【答案】1. to ask 2. that; link 3. that; create 4. is stored 5. should be put
四、选词填空
【答案】
1．discovered 2．exactly 3．new 4．turns 5．worries 6．less 7．advise 8．higher 9．creative 10．However 11．thinking
【导语】本文主要讲述了梦境可能让人变聪明，具体表现在帮助处理忧虑恐惧、助力学习、提升创造力等方面，同时强调了尽管梦境有一定作用，但努力工作对创造力也很重要。
1．句意：这是研究梦境的科学家们发现的。根据“Dreams may make you smart. This was...by scientists who do research on dreams.”可知，原文中提到科学家对梦境的研究，“This”指代前面提到的“Dreams may make you smart”这个观点，是被科学家发现的，句子是一般过去时的被动语态，结合所给单词，动词要用过去分词形式discovered“发现”。故填discovered。
2．句意：梦到底是什么？根据“What is a dream... ”可知，这里需要一个副词来强调疑问，exactly“确切地，到底”符合语境。故填exactly。
3．句意：它试图将你的新经历与旧记忆联系起来。根据“It tries to connect your...experiences with the old memories.”可知，与old相对应，结合所给单词，new“新的”符合语境，用来描述经历的属性。故填new。
4．句意：当你的大脑将事物联系起来时，它会把它们变成一个故事，然后你就会做梦。根据“it...them into a story”可知，描述大脑处理信息形成梦的过程，结合所给单词，turn...into...“把……变成……”是固定短语，这里主语it是第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，动词要用第三人称单数形式turns。故填turns。
5．句意：梦可能帮助你处理忧虑和恐惧。根据“Dreams may help you deal with...and fears.”可知，这里需要一个与fears并列的名词，结合所给单词，worry“忧虑”符合语境，要用复数形式worries。故填worries。
6．句意：在那里，不好的记忆变得不那么痛苦了。根据“There the bad memories become...painful.”可知，这里需要一个比较级，表示痛苦减轻，less“更少地”符合语境，故填less。
7．句意：所以一些科学家建议你不要通宵学习，尤其是在考试来临的时候。根据“So some scientists...you not to stay up all night studying”可知，基于梦对学习有帮助的观点，科学家给出不要通宵学习的建议，结合所给单词，结合所给单词，这里可以用advice的动词形式advise“建议”，句子主语scientists是复数，时态为一般现在时，动词用原形advise。故填advise。
8．句意：他们说一个美梦可能会帮助你取得更高的分数。根据“a sweet dream might help you get...marks.”可知，提到梦对学习的帮助，可以取得更高分，结合所给单词，这里可以用high的比较级higher“更高的”，表示比之前更高的分数。故填higher。
9．句意：梦也可能让你更有创造力。根据“Dreams may make you more...”可知，这里是说梦对人的影响，此处需要填写一个形容词，构成比较级，结合所给单词，creative“有创造力的”符合句意，作宾补，故填creative。
10．句意：然而，仅靠梦想不能带来创造力。分析空前后句关系可知，空处表转折，因空后有逗号，故需副词however“然而”，放句首时，首字母大写。故填However。
11．句意：事实上，这位词曲作者在做梦之前花了很多时间思考这首歌。根据“the songwriter spent a lot of time...about the song before the dreams.”可知，原文中提到词曲作者在梦中得到灵感，但强调在这之前也花了很多时间思考，结合所给单词提示，think“想”符合句意，固定搭配spend time doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”，故空处需动名词。故填thinking。
五、完形填空
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了好记忆力的秘密，包括锻炼大脑、充足睡眠、联想记忆、减轻压力和健康饮食等习惯。
【详解】1．句意：记忆力好的人通常会经常锻炼大脑，就如同锻炼身体一样。
根据后文“just like they exercise their bodies”类比锻炼身体，此处应为锻炼大脑，exercise“锻炼”符合。ignore“忽视”，forget“忘记”，waste“浪费”，均不符合语境。
2．句意：他们明白记忆力是一项可以通过练习提升的技能。
根据定语“that can be improved with practice”可知，能通过练习提高的是技能，skill“技能”匹配。gift“天赋”，secret“秘密”，problem“难题”，不符合文意。
3．句意：在睡眠期间，大脑整理你白天学到的信息。
“your brain...the information”表明，是整理信息。organizes“整理、梳理”，符合睡眠时大脑加工信息的常识。creates“创造”，deletes“删除”，hides“隐藏”，逻辑不通。
4．句意：如果休息不足，新信息可能无法进入长期记忆。
“new information may not...your long-term memory”表明，是新信息可能无法进入长期记忆，enter“进入”，符合记忆形成原理。escape“逃离”，leave“离开”，avoid“避免”，与句意相反。
5．句意：另一个有效的方法是把新信息和已知事物建立联系。
固定搭配connect…with…，意为“把……和……联系起来”。compare“对比”，confuse“使困惑”，compete“竞争”，搭配与含义不符。
6．句意：例如，当你学习新单词，尝试把它和一幅图画或者一个故事关联起来。
根据记忆技巧常识，associate…with是固定搭配，意为“把……和……联系起来”。replace“替换”，cover“覆盖”，mix“混合”，不符合记忆方法的语境。
7．句意：压力是另一个会影响记忆力的因素。
根据下文“brain cannot work at its best”可知，压力有负面影响，affects“影响”，符合语境。improves“提升”，helps“帮助”过于片面；creates“创造”，语义不通。
8．句意：这就是为什么你在重要交谈中可能会忘记别人的名字。
前文说明压力让大脑无法最佳运转，因此会forget“忘记”。remember“记住”，recall“回忆”，recognize“认出”，和语境矛盾。
9．句意：最后，健康饮食对保持良好记忆力起到作用。
固定短语play a role in…，意为“在……方面起作用”。makes、does、has无法构成该短语。
10．句意：所以如果你想要拥有更好的记忆力，可以从对你的日常习惯做出微小改变开始。
“start by...small changes”表明，此处指做出微小改变，固定搭配make changes，意为“做出改变”。resisting“抵抗”，rejecting“拒绝”，avoiding“避免”，语义不匹配。
六、六选五
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．F 5．C
【导语】本文讲述了阅读的原因，重点阐述为乐趣而阅读对大脑有益，通过一项研究说明童年为乐趣阅读的孩子在记忆、语言测试中表现更好，与学校表现好有联系，还会感觉更快乐、压力更小且花在手机上时间更少，最后鼓励读者为乐趣阅读。
1．根据“A group of experts from England and China found out that reading for fun is really good for people’s brains later.”可知，来自英国和中国的一组专家发现，为乐趣而阅读对人们以后的大脑真的有好处。根据此句的句意可以推测出前句是关于阅读很有趣，所以A选项“但是许多人是为了乐趣而阅读！” 与该部分的主题契合。故选A。
2．根据第二段已经给出的前后两句“The experts studied more than 10,000 kids. ”和“The first group started reading for fun between the ages of 2 and 9. The other group never read for fun or started much later. It turned out that the first group did better on memory and language tests.”可知，专家将1万多的儿童分成了两组类别进行测试，所以B选项“他们把他们分成两组。” 与该部分的主题契合。故选B。
3．根据“She works at Cambridge University in England.”可知，这里的“She”应该是其中的一个专家，所以D选项“Barbara Sahakian是其中一位专家。” 与该部分的主题契合。故选D。
4．根据第四段“But that’s not all.”和“They felt less stressed and spent less time on their phones.”可知，部分儿童感觉压力减少了且很少花时间在手机上，从此句的句意可以推测出这项研究还发现这些儿童感觉更快乐，所以F选项“研究还发现，这些孩子感觉更快乐。” 与该部分的主题契合。故选F。
5．根据“Remember, you don’t have to read only one kind of book.”和“ Find books that make your imagination run wild.”可知，你不必只读一本书，你可以寻找那些可以激发你想象力的书籍。从此句的句意可以推测出，建议你读任何书只要你喜欢的书，所以C选项“你可以阅读任何你喜欢的东西！”与该部分的主题契合。故选C。
七、阅读理解
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要从科学角度解释了音乐如何通过影响大脑特定区域和激素分泌来调节人的情绪和增强记忆，并介绍了音乐在生活中的实际应用。
1．词句猜测题。根据“It can actually impact both your feelings and your memory.”以及后文具体解释音乐如何影响情绪和记忆可知，“impact”在这里表示“影响”的意思。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“This is because music turns on a part of the brain called the amygdala, and it sends out special chemicals known as hormones. One powerful hormone is dopamine, which helps people feel happy.”可知，正确的过程是：音乐激活杏仁核，杏仁核释放激素（多巴胺），从而让人感到快乐。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“Songs with fixed beats or repeated melodies make the hippocampus more active... the brain can group, repeat and remember information better.”可知，具有固定节拍或重复旋律的歌曲有助于语言学习者更好地记忆单词。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。第四段首句“What music does to our brain makes it very useful.”是主题句，随后列举了人们在工作、学生复习单词、医院帮助病人等实际场景中如何利用音乐，因此本段主要讨论的是音乐在现实生活中的应用。故选D。
5．最佳标题题。全文从科学原理（影响情绪和记忆）到实际应用，系统性地阐述了音乐对人的积极作用，因此最佳标题是“音乐的力量”。故选A。
八、任务型阅读
【答案】1．Over 20 years. 2．Green-leaf vegetables, orange and red vegetables, and carotenoid-rich vegetables like carrots and pumpkins. 3．A growing number of “yes” answers.
Diet choices can be important to keep your brain healthy.
5．Yes, because it helps improve memory.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了哈佛大学研究人员通过一项长达20年的研究发现，多吃蔬菜和水果，特别是某些特定种类，有助于改善记忆力，保持大脑健康。
【详解】1．根据文章第3段“The study followed about 27,800 men in health care jobs over 20 years”可知，研究人员跟踪参与者的时间超过了20年。
2．根据第二段整句“including vegetables which have green leaves, orange and red vegetables...”和第五段第三句“eat carotenoid-rich vegetables, such as carrots and pumpkins”，整合关键信息：绿叶蔬菜、橙红色蔬菜以及胡萝卜、南瓜这类富含类胡萝卜素的蔬菜，归纳整合可得出以上蔬菜都对记忆力有益。
3．根据文章第4段“A growing number of ‘yes’ answers to such questions can mean their memory is going down”可知，回答“是”的次数增多意味着记忆力变差。
4．根据文章第6段“Our study provides further evidence that diet choices can be important to keep your brain healthy”可推知，研究证明了饮食选择对大脑健康的重要性。
5．根据文章第5段“those who drank orange juice often were 47 percent less likely to become forgetful”可知，喝橙汁有助于减少健忘，改善记忆，所以此处可做肯定回答，并给出理由。答案不唯一，合理即可。
九、语法填空
【答案】1．forget 2．that/which 3．festivals 4．at 5．but
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何提高记忆力，并给出了利用歌曲和制作思维导图等实用建议。
【详解】1．句意：事实上，忘记东西是很常见的。空格前为不定式符号to，后面需要接动词原形，不定式短语在句中作真正主语；根据上文“You may find it hard to remember what you have learned in class.”的语境可知，此处表示忘记事情十分普遍，动词forget“忘记”符合文意。
2．句意：选一首你感兴趣的歌曲。本句为定语从句，先行词是“a song”，指代事物，关系代词在从句中充当主语，需要用关系代词that/which引导该定语从句，且在从句中作主语，符合语法规则与语境。
3．句意：例如，在中心位置写上“节日”。根据后文列举的中秋节、春节、端午节这些节日，再结合下方思维导图的中心主题词可知，此处表达各类节日，名词festivals“节日”符合语境。
4．句意：现在看一看这张思维导图。固定短语搭配look at意为“看”，后面接具体的查看对象“the mind map”，介词at符合固定搭配用法与句子语境。
5．句意：没有人能记住所有事情，但是每个人都可以学习如何提升自己的记忆力。前半句表示没有人可以记住一切内容，后半句讲述人人都能学会改善记忆力，两个分句之间是转折逻辑关系，并列连词but表转折，符合句子逻辑与语境。
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Presentation
Unit4 Our Memory
Section A What do we member
(2a-2d)
听说课公开课
单元主题范畴：人与自我
单元主题内容：积极的学习体验，恰当的学习方法与策略，勤学善思
(2024新版)人教版 九年级(上册)
Presentation
Learning Objectives
1.听懂Professor Green关于记忆工作原理的讲座，提取关于短时记忆、长时记忆、记忆技巧（关联、对比记忆、大脑使用）等关键信息，完成勾选和填空任务（学习理解）
2.运用宾语从句表达关于记忆的疑问和观点，使用 I wonder if... / I don‘t understand why... / Could you tell me how... 等句型，在听力活动和小组讨论中准确表达自己的想法。(学习理解，应用实践)
3.结合自身记忆经验，运用所学记忆技巧和宾语从句，在小组中讨论记忆策略，提出自己的记忆困惑并尝试用课堂所学给予同伴建议。掌握联结新旧知识、构建图像记忆等学习策略；能主动总结适合自己的大脑训练方法。。(迁移创新)
Presentation
Look and say
Pre-listening
Watch the video and answer the following questions.
1. What is the girl’s memory problem
2. What do the two boys always forget
3. Who will come to the school and what activity will he give
She forgets things easily.
Student A can’t remember what the
teacher said in class.Student B always
forgets where he puts his keys.
Professor Green, a famous memory
scientist, will come to the school.
Presentation
Look and say
Pre-listening
Think about this
Have you ever mixed up these words
angel
angle
quiet
quite
chicken
Kitchen
Why do we mix up things
Why do we forget things
Presentation
Look and say
Pre-listening
We all have memory problems and often forget things. Do you want to know why our brain forgets things, and how to remember knowledge better There will be a lecture about memory given by Professor Green.
a lecture
on how to improve
your memory
Before Professor Green starts his lecture, let’s think of more questions to ask him. What else do you wonder about memory
Presentation
Look and say
Pre-listening
Hi! I’m
Professor Green.
We all have
memory problems and often forget things.
Do you want
to know why our brain
forgets things, and how to remember things better
Presentation
Look and say
Pre-listening
2a
Imagine you are attending Professor Green's lecture too. What questions do you want to ask
What small daily habits can help us improve our memory quickly
How can we avoid forgetting things when we are very busy
How can we improve our memory
Why do people forget things
How can I remember new English
words better
What should I do if I often forget my
homework
How can I stop mixing up similar words
n. 讲座；讲课
/ lekt (r)/
Does getting enough sleep help us remember things better
What is the easiest way to
improve memory
I wonder if...
I wonder why...
I don’t understand why...
Could you tell me how...
e.g. I wonder why we sometimes forget important things.
Presentation
Watch and say
Pre-listening
Presentation
Listen and answer
While-listening
Listen to the whole conversation for the first time. Then answer these questions.
1. How many students is Professor Green talking to
2. What is the main topic of the conversation
Three students.
How memory works and how to improve it.
2b
Presentation
While-listening
Listen and tick
2b
Listen to the conversation between the students and Professor Green. Tick the topics they are talking about.
□ What does linking knowledge mean
□ Why do we get some words mixed up
□ Why is riding a bike not so easy to forget
□ How can we put our brains to good use
New knowledge is best remembered by linking it with old knowledge.
Pay attention to details and study how they are different from each other.
The memory of how to ride a bike is probably stored in a more stable area of our brain.
没有讨论“如何用好大脑”的方法，只是收尾一句简短建议
put sth to good use
有效使用（或利用）某物
混淆；弄乱
What are Professor
Green’s answers to the
questions
Presentation
While-listening
Listen and match
Listen again. Match each student’s question with Professor Green’s answer.
2b
What does linking knowledge mean
Why do I get words mixed up
Why is it easier to forget things to buy than to forget how to ride a bike
A. Pay attention to details. Study how they are different. Create a picture.
B. Knowledge is like a chain. Link new with old.
C. It is probably stored in a more stable area of our brain.
Billy
Fu Xing
Peter
Presentation
While-listening
Look and learn
Presentation
While-listening
Look and predict
2c
Listen again. Complete the sentences based on Professor Green’s answers.
Listening tips:
Repeated words and reference words help us predict the topic and connections before we listen.
1. ______________ is like a chain, and new knowledge is best remembered by ___________ it with old knowledge.
2. Pay attention to __________. Study how they are __________ from each other. Create a ___________ for each word in your mind.
3. Scientists are still working on this ___________. Such kind of memory is probably ________ in a more stable area of our brain.
n.单数
n.复数
指代
adj.
n.单数
n.单数
adj./动词过去分词
名词或动名词
Presentation
2c
While-listening
Listen and fill
Listen again. Complete the sentences based on Professor Green’s answers.
1. ______________ is like a chain, and new knowledge is best remembered by ___________ it with old knowledge.
2. Pay attention to __________. Study how they are __________ from each other. Create a ___________ for each word in your mind.
3. Scientists are still working on this ___________. Such kind of memory is probably ________ in a more stable area of our brain.
Listening tips: Repeated words and reference words help us predict the topic and connections before we listen.
Knowledge
linking
details
different
picture
mystery
stored
n. 链条
/t e n/
/bre n/ n. 脑；智力
/ ste bl/ adj. 稳定的；稳固的
After listening to Professor Green’s answers, some students are still puzzled. Can you help them understand better by giving examples
Presentation
While-listening
Listen and fill
Listen again and fill in the blanks.
Billy: Professor, I don’t quite understand what you said about .
Professor: Well, knowledge is like a , and new knowledge is best remembered by linking it with . The more links you , the more you remember.
Fu Xing: Professor, I often get some words , like “kitchen” and “chicken”.
Professor: details. Study how they each other. You can also for each word in your mind.
Peter: Hello, Professor, could you tell me why it is much easier to forget things to buy than to
Professor: Scientists are still working on this mystery. , the memory of how to ride a bike is probably in a more stable area of our brain.
Peter: There are so many mysteries about our brain!
Professor: ! And , your brain is developing fast,
so !
linking knowledge
chain
old knowledge
create
mixed up
Pay attention to
are different from
create a picture
forget how to ride a bike
For one thing
stored
Exactly
at your age
put it to good use
把知识建立关联；知识联结
链条
旧知识；已有知识
建立；创造
混淆；弄混
注意
与…… 不同
构建一幅画面；想象出画面
忘记如何骑自行车
一方面
储存；存放
正是如此；没错
在你们这个年纪
好好利用它
Presentation
Post-listening
Listen and repeat
Billy: Professor, I don’t quite understand what you said about linking knowledge.
Professor: Well, knowledge is like a chain , and new knowledge is best remembered by linking it with old knowledge. The more links you create, the more you remember.
Fu Xing: Professor, I often get some words mixed up, like “kitchen” and “chicken”.
Professor: Pay attention to details. Study how they are different from each other. You can also create a picture for each word in your mind.
Peter: Hello, Professor, could you tell me why it is much easier to forget things to buy than to forget how to ride a bike
Professor: Scientists are still working on this mystery. For one thing, the memory of how to ride a bike is probably stored in a more stable area of our brain.
Peter: There are so many mysteries about our brain!
Professor: Exactly! And at your age, your brain is developing fast, so put it to good use!
开头引入：以 Billy 的问题开启对话，教授用比喻（knowledge is like a chain）给出核心观点。
理解类问题
困难类问题
原因类问题
中间递进：Fu Xing、Peter 依次提出不同类型的学习/记忆问题，教授分别针对性解答。
结尾升华：Peter 感叹大脑的奥秘，教授给出鼓励性收尾，对话闭环。
Presentation
Post-listening
Read and say
Billy: Professor, I don’t quite understand what you said about linking knowledge.
Professor: Well, knowledge is like a chain, and new knowledge is best remembered by linking it with old knowledge. The more links you create, the more you remember.
Fu Xing: Professor, I often get some words mixed up, like “kitchen” and “chicken”.
Professor: Pay attention to details. Study how they are different from each other. You can also create a picture for each word in your mind.
Peter: Hello, Professor, could you tell me why it is much easier to forget things to buy than to forget how to ride a bike
Professor: Scientists are still working on this mystery. For one thing, the memory of how to ride a bike is probably stored in a more stable area of our brain.
Peter: There are so many mysteries about our brain!
Professor: Exactly! And at your age, your brain is developing fast, so put it to good use!
What questions do the students ask
What advice does the professor give
Which question doesn’t have an answer
maybe
结论
Presentation
Post-listening
Think and say
What’s your opinion on this question
“ Could you tell me why it is much easier to forget
things to buy than to forget how to ride a bike ”
Further thinking
Presentation
Post-listening
Look and retell
Try to retell.
Questions and answers
What does linking knowledge mean
Why do we get some words mixed up
Why is riding a bike not so easy to forget
knowledge is like a chain, and new knowledge is best remembered by … with ... The more…you..., the more you...
Pay attention to... Study how they … each other. You can also … for each word in your mind.
Scientists are still working on this ... For one thing, the memory of how to ... is probably
...
Presentation
What do you know about our brain How does it work？
Post-listening
Watch and learn
Presentation
Post-listening
Look and say
Our brain is like a muscle.
The more we use it in the right way, the stronger it becomes.
Don’t be afraid of forgetting.
Try the suggestions Professor Green gave,
you will find learning becomes easier!
Presentation
Post-listening
Look and say
宾语从句
你所建立的连接越多，就越能记忆更多。
Presentation
Post-listening
Look and say
宾语从句
What other ways can you use to remember similar words
Write them many times.
Use them in sentences.
Make word cards.
Compare the spelling.
Use geatures or actions.
Work with a partner.
two/too
their/there
right/write
difficult/different
walk/work
affect/effect
Presentation
Post-listening
Look and say
What can we learn from the science facts
Skills we practise many times will stay in our brain.
So in our study, we should keep ________ what we learn.
Use it or lose it.
We should make full use of this ________ time to learn and think more.
宾语从句
practising
golden
Presentation
Post-listening
Read and analyze
Text analysis
Billy: Professor, I don’t quite understand what you said about linking knowledge.
Professor: Well, knowledge is like a chain, and new knowledge is best remembered by linking it with old knowledge. The more links you create, the more you remember.
Fu Xing: Professor, I often get some words mixed up, like “kitchen” and “chicken”.
Professor: Pay attention to details. Study how they are different from each other. You can also create a picture for each word in your mind.
Peter: Hello, Professor, could you tell me why it is much easier to forget things to buy than to forget how to ride a bike
Professor: Scientists are still working on this mystery. For one thing, the memory of how to ride a bike is probably stored in a more stable area of our brain.
Peter: There are so many mysteries about our brain!
Professor: Exactly! And at your age, your brain is developing fast, so put it to good use!
What does linking knowledge
mean
Code A：Linking
Why do we get some words mixed up
Code B：Details
Why is riding a bike not so easy to forget
Code C：Using the brain
Presentation
New knowledge is remembered better when it is linked with old knowledge.
例：学习“sunflower”时，将 sun + flower 与已有词汇联系起来。
Code A：Linking
Code B：Details
Pay attention to details and notice how similar things are different.
例：比较 expect 和 except 的拼写、读音和意义。
Code C：Using the brain
Skills become stable when we practise and use them repeatedly.
例：骑自行车、讲故事、使用新单词造句。
Post-listening
Think and say
用自己的语言解释三条“记忆密码”
Tip:We can remember ______ better by ______.For example, ______.
Presentation
Post-listening
Discuss and say
1d
Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
1. How can you link new knowledge with old knowledge Give an example.
We can connect new knowledge with something we already know. For example, when learning the word “unhappy,” we can link it to “happy” and remember that “un-” means “not.” This makes the new word easier to understand and remember.
When I learn about inertia in physics, I link it with my experience of riding on the bus.
Presentation
Post-listening
Watch and learn
How Bill Gates remembers what he reads
Presentation
Post-listening
Discuss and say
1d
Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
2. When should you pay attention to details
to study how two words are different
to note down the main points of a lecture
to retell a story well
to remember what someone looks like
to memorize a rule exactly
I think we should pay attention to details when we... For example, ...
We also need details when we...
Paying attention to details helps us avoid silly mistakes.
重视细节，可以帮我们避免低级错误。
Presentation
Post-listening
Discuss and say
1d
Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
3. Why should students put their brain to good use What is your opinion
In my opinion, students should put their brain to good use because their brain is developing fast at this age. And using brain well can help students improve memory and learn better.
Use it or lose it.
“Put it to good use” is not only about hard working. It is about thinking more, asking questions and trying new ideas.
大脑遵循 “用进废退”。
用好大脑不等于埋头刷题，更多是主动思考、敢于提问、接纳新知识。
Presentation
Post-listening
Discuss and say
1d
Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
4. Here are some tips to help develop your brain.
Tick what works for you and add more.
exercise your memory
learn something new
reduce stress
do something creative
get enough sleep
stay confident
Good study includes both our mind and our body. It is not just studying all day long.
真正高效的学习，兼顾身心，
不是一味苦学。
Take enough physical exercise. 坚持体育锻炼
Read more different kinds of books. 广泛阅读
Think independently. 学会独立思考
Talk and discuss with your classmates.
和同学讨论交流
Presentation
Post-listening
Look and interview
Extension Activity: Memory Clinic
学生两人一组，一人扮演patient、描述记忆问题，另一人扮演doctor进行问诊并给出建议；之后交换角色。全班进行表演展示，教师和学生一起评选Best Doctor（最会诊断和给建议的医生）和Best Problem Describer（最会描述记忆问题的患者）
S1: I don’t know why I always forget my homework. Could you please tell me what I should do
S2: I think you should check your schoolbag every night. I wonder if you could make a checklist.
Presentation
Post-listening
Watch and learn
Presentation
Post-listening
Look and say
Forgetting is common. Don’t be anxious about our memory. Try positive ways to train our brain, and value the memories in our life.
遗忘是很平常的事，不必为健忘焦虑。用积极的方法锻炼大脑，珍视我们生命中的点滴记忆。
Presentation
Class test
1. I can't remember what things you asked me ___________ (buy).
2. Did you buy any sugar It's running __________.
3. You'd better ___________ (hurry) up. It will begin at 9:00.
4. I don't quite understand what you said about _________ (link) knowledge.
5. New knowledge is best remembered by ______ (link) it with old knowledge.
6. The memory of how to ride a bike is probably __________ (store) in a more stable area of our brain.
7. Could you tell me why it is much _________ (easy) to forget things to buy than to forget how to ride a bike
一、语法填空：
to buy
out
hurry
linking
linking
stored
easier
Presentation
Class test
Memory is a precious ability that helps us hold onto happy moments and important knowledge. But some people struggle to 1. m_______ things easily. Here are some useful tips to 2. i_________ your memory.
First, get enough sleep. When you sleep, your brain organizes the information you received during the day, so a good night's sleep can make your memory 3. s__________ . Second, do more brain exercises, like playing chess or solving logic puzzles. These activities can 4. t______ your brain to work more efficiently. Third, pay 5. a___________to what you want to remember. If you don't focus, it's hard for your brain to 6. s_____ the information properly.
Another tip is to connect new things with something you already know. For 7. e_________ , if you want to remember a new word, you can link it to a familiar picture or story. Also, 8. r________ things regularly is necessary—review the information every few days to keep it in your long-term memory.
Don't 9. w________ if you forget something sometimes; it's totally normal. Just keep practicing these tips, and you will find your memory becomes 10. b________ day by day.
memorize
improve
sharp
train
attention
store
example
reviewing
worry
better
二、首字母填空：
Presentation
Must-do必做
1.Review the new words and expressions.
2.Practice the conversations with your partner using the words and sentence patterns we have learned .
Choose-to-do选做
Write a report: Tips for Brain Development
谢谢
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