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高中英语北师大版 2019 必修第三册 Unit 8 Green Living习题
一、单词拼写
1.We should do something to protect the __________ (环境) in our city.
2.Please put the __________ (垃圾) into the bin and keep the classroom clean.
3.Many sea animals die because they eat __________ (塑料) bags by mistake.
4.The __________ (根) of a tree usually grows deep into the earth.
5.After the rain, a new __________ (嫩芽) appeared at the base of the old tree.
6.Plants cannot grow well without water and rich __________ (土壤).
7.The wind blew the __________ (沙) from the desert towards the village.
8.Bicycles are a green and cheap form of __________ (交通).
9.The whole __________ (社区) took part in the tree-planting activity last Sunday.
10.Scientists warn that the __________ (气候) is changing faster than before.
二、词性转化
1.protect (v.) → __________ (n.) 保护
2.pollute (v.) → __________ (n.) 污染
3.recycle (v.) → __________ (n.) 回收利用
4.volunteer (n./v.) → __________ (adj.) 自愿的
5.energy (n.) → __________ (adj.) 精力充沛的
6.respect (v./n.) → __________ (adj.) 恭敬的
7.desert (n.) → __________ (n.) 沙漠化
8.use (v.) → __________ (v.) 再利用
9.organize (v.) → __________ (n.) 组织
10.encourage (v.) → __________ (n.) 鼓励
三、选词填空（从下列所给词中选择合适的单词并用其正确形式填空）
action, green, harmful, plant, reduce, ride, save, waste
1.It is time for us to take __________ to protect the environment.
2.Choosing buses and bikes over cars is a __________ way to travel.
3.Rubbish left in rivers is __________ to fish and other animals.
4.Every spring, volunteers go to the desert to __________ young trees.
5.Taking the bus instead of driving helps __________ air pollution.
6.My home is close to school, so it is only a five-minute __________ by bike.
7.Remember to turn off the lights when you leave; it can __________ a lot of energy.
8.Don't __________ water while you are brushing your teeth.
四、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every April, hundreds of volunteers travel to the edge of a large desert in North China. Their job is to plant trees in the sand. Some of them come from big cities, while others are students from nearby schools. They bring young trees, shovels and bottles of water with them. 1________ Without trees, the sand moves quickly and covers roads, houses and farmland. This is called desertification, and it is a serious problem in many dry areas.
Planting a tree in the desert is not easy. The ground is so dry that a shovel often stops after hitting the hard surface. A single volunteer may plant only twenty trees in a whole day. 2________ Volunteers must dig holes in the hard, dry soil, place the young trees inside and carry water from far away. Even then, many young trees die in the strong sun.
To solve this problem, scientists have taught the volunteers a special method. 3________ The straw holds the sand in place, so young trees can grow safely inside each square. With this method, far more trees survive than before, and it has now spread to other dry areas.
The changes are easy to see. 4________ Green lines now cross the desert like a great wall. Birds have returned, the air is cooler in summer, and farmers can even grow vegetables on their land again.
The volunteers' work also changes people's minds. More and more local children join the project during their summer holidays. They carry small bags of seeds home and watch how they grow. 5________ Perhaps that is the most important harvest of all.
A. First, they lay pieces of straw on the sand in small squares.
B. Trees need plenty of water, but the desert has very little of it.
C. In the past, the desert grew larger year after year.
D. Some volunteers leave because the work is too tiring.
E. They believe that even one small tree can make a difference.
F. Ten years ago, most of this area was nothing but sand.
G. The government pays each volunteer a high salary for the work.
五、阅读理解
（一）
Jane Goodall is a British scientist famous for her study of chimpanzees. In 1960, she traveled to Gombe National Park in Tanzania, East Africa. There she lived among the chimpanzees for many years, watching them closely day after day. Her patient work showed the world that chimpanzees can make tools, form close family groups and have feelings much like humans.
As Goodall grew older, she began to think about a bigger question: how to protect the planet that all living things share. In 1991, she started a program called Roots & Shoots with a group of students in Tanzania. In fact, the program began with just a few teenagers who wanted to help their own village. The name carries a special meaning. A root may look weak underground, and a shoot may look small above the ground, but together they can slowly break through a heavy wall. Goodall believes that millions of young people around the world are just like these roots and shoots: each of them seems small, but together they are strong enough to change the world.
Today, Roots & Shoots groups exist in many countries. Members clean rivers, recycle rubbish, plant trees and care for animals in their own communities. They do not wait for governments or big companies to act first. In Goodall's words, everyone can make a difference every single day. What you choose to do, she says, matters more than you imagine.
1.Jane Goodall went to Tanzania in 1960 mainly to ______.
A. start the Roots & Shoots program
B. study chimpanzees
C. plant trees in Gombe National Park
D. teach local students science
2.What does the name "Roots & Shoots" suggest
A. Small actions by many young people can change the world.
B. Plants grow faster when they work together.
C. Chimpanzees like to eat roots and shoots.
D. Science needs patience and hard work.
3.According to the last paragraph, Roots & Shoots members ______.
A. ask governments to act first
B. only care about wild animals
C. take action in their own communities
D. get money from big companies
4.What can we infer from the passage
A. Goodall failed to study chimpanzees in Tanzania.
B. The program was started in a classroom in Britain.
C. Goodall thinks companies should solve every problem.
D. Goodall believes each person's daily choices matter.
5.Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. Chimpanzees in East Africa
B. Small Roots, Great Change
C. How to Study Wild Animals
D. Life in Tanzania
（二）
In 1965, something unusual happened on the streets of Amsterdam. A group of young people painted dozens of bicycles white and left them around the city for anyone to use, free of charge. This was the famous "white bicycle plan". The idea was simple: if people could always find a free bicycle, they would leave their cars at home. That would mean less traffic and less pollution in the city.
The first plan, however, did not last long. Nobody took care of the white bicycles, so many of them were soon broken or stolen, and the police removed those that remained. Most people thought the idea had failed completely.
Yet the dream of shared bicycles did not die. Decades later, modern technology gave the old idea new life. Today, in many cities around the world, people can find a shared bicycle with a phone app, unlock it by scanning a code and leave it near their destination when they finish. The cost is low, so almost everyone can afford it. Millions of people now ride shared bikes to work or to bus stations every day.
Bike-sharing, of course, has brought new problems. Some streets are crowded with too many bicycles, and a few people damage them on purpose. Cities are now making rules about where riders may park. Even so, the white bicycles of 1965 have proved one thing: a small idea can travel a very long way.
6.Why did the young people in Amsterdam paint the bicycles white
A. To celebrate a local festival.
B. To encourage people to leave their cars at home.
C. To sell the bicycles to visitors.
D. To win a city competition.
7.What was the main problem with the first white bicycle plan
A. The bicycles were too expensive.
B. The police banned all cycling in the city.
C. Nobody looked after the bicycles.
D. People refused to ride bicycles.
8.How do people use shared bicycles today
A. They find and unlock a bike with a phone app.
B. They buy the bicycles from the city.
C. They keep the bicycles at home at night.
D. They borrow the bicycles from their neighbours.
9.What problem does bike-sharing bring according to the last paragraph
A. Bus companies are losing all their passengers.
B. Riders have to pay much more money than before.
C. Phone apps often break down in busy streets.
D. Too many parked bicycles crowd some streets and some get damaged.
10.Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. The Return of the White Bicycle Idea
B. Amsterdam's Traffic Rules
C. How to Repair Shared Bicycles
D. The Price of City Pollution
习题答案解析
一、单词拼写
1.“环境”，environment 作不可数名词，protect 后接名词作宾语，protect the environment 为固定搭配，故填 environment。
2.“垃圾”，rubbish 作不可数名词，the 后接名词作 put 的宾语，故填 rubbish。
3.“塑料”，plastic 作名词作定语修饰 bags，plastic bags 意为“塑料袋”，故填 plastic。
4.“根”，root 作可数名词，谓语动词 grows 用第三人称单数，说明主语为单数概念，故填 root。
5.“嫩芽”，shoot 作可数名词，a new 后接可数名词单数形式，故填 shoot。
6.“土壤”，soil 作不可数名词，形容词 rich 后接名词作介词 without 的宾语，故填 soil。
7.“沙”，sand 作不可数名词，the 后接名词作 blew 的宾语，故填 sand。
8.“交通”，transport 作不可数名词，介词 of 后接名词，a form of transport 意为“一种交通方式”，故填 transport。
9.“社区”，community 作可数名词，The whole 后接单数名词作主语，谓语 took part in 用原形一致的主语，故填 community。
10.“气候”，climate 作名词，the 后接名词作主语，谓语 is changing 用单数一致，故填 climate。
二、词性转化
1.protect 动词“保护”，指行为时名词形式是 protection，如：the protection of wild animals（保护野生动物）。
2.pollute 动词“污染”，名词形式是 pollution，不可数，如：air pollution（空气污染）。
3.recycle 动词“回收利用”，指这一行为时常以动名词形式出现，即 recycling，如：recycling bins（回收箱）。
4.volunteer 名词“志愿者”，形容词形式是 voluntary，意为“自愿的”，如：voluntary work（志愿工作）。
5.energy 名词“能量；精力”，形容词形式是 energetic，如：an energetic young man（一位精力充沛的年轻人）。
6.respect 动词/名词“尊敬”，形容词形式是 respectful，意为“恭敬的”，如：be respectful to the elderly（尊敬长者）。
7.desert 名词“沙漠”，加后缀 -ification 构成 desertification，意为“沙漠化”，如：stop desertification（阻止沙漠化）。
8.use 动词“使用”，加前缀 re- 构成 reuse，意为“再利用”，如：reuse old bottles（重复使用旧瓶子）。
9.organize 动词“组织”，指机构时名词形式是 organization，如：a volunteer organization（一个志愿者组织）。
10.encourage 动词“鼓励”，名词形式是 encouragement，不可数，如：give sb. encouragement（给某人鼓励）。
三、选词填空
1.“行动”，take action 为固定搭配，意为“采取行动”，take 后接名词作宾语，故填 action。
2.“环保的；绿色的”，green 作形容词修饰 way，a green way to travel 意为“一种环保的出行方式”，故填 green。
3.“有害的”，be harmful to 为固定搭配，意为“对……有害”，is 后接形容词作表语，故填 harmful。
4.“种植”，to 为不定式符号，后接动词原形，plant trees 意为“植树”，故填 plant。
5.“减少”，helps 后接省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语（help do sth.），reduce air pollution 意为“减少空气污染”，故填 reduce。
6.“骑车的路程”，ride 作名词，a five-minute ride 意为“五分钟的路程”，a 后接名词，故填 ride。
7.“节省”，情态动词 can 后接动词原形，save energy 意为“节约能源”，故填 save。
8.“浪费”，Do not 后接动词原形构成否定祈使句，waste water 意为“浪费水”，故填 waste。
四、七选五
1.C：空前说志愿者的工作是“在沙地里植树”，空后说“没有树，沙子会很快移动并覆盖道路、房屋和农田”，C 选项“过去沙漠逐年扩大”承接植树话题并引出沙漠化这一严重问题，承上启下，故选 C。
2.B：空前总述“在沙漠里种树不容易”，空后列举挖坑、从远处运水、树苗在烈日下死去等具体困难，B 选项“树木需要大量的水，而沙漠里水极少”正是这些困难的根源，故选 B。
3.A：空前说“科学家教给志愿者一种特殊方法”，空后说“麦草把沙子固定住，树苗可以在每个方格内安全生长”，A 选项“首先，他们把麦草铺在沙上形成小方格”说明该方法的具体做法，与后文的“方格”直接呼应，故选 A。
4.F：空前说“变化显而易见”，空后说“绿线像长城一样穿过沙漠，鸟儿回来了”，F 选项“十年前，这里大部分地方只有沙子”与后文形成今昔对比，突出变化之大，故选 F。
5.E：空前说越来越多的当地孩子在暑假加入该项目，空后说“这也许是最重要的收获”，E 选项“他们相信哪怕一棵小树也能带来改变”解释了孩子们参加的原因，并呼应“收获”一词，故选 E。
五、阅读理解
1.B：第一段明确提到 In 1960, she traveled to Gombe National Park in Tanzania... watching them closely day after day，说明她去坦桑尼亚主要是为了长期近距离观察研究黑猩猩，故选 B。A 项 Roots & Shoots 创立于 1991 年，时间不符；C、D 项文中无据。
2.A：第二段解释名字含义：root 和 shoot 看似弱小，但 together they can slowly break through a heavy wall，并说 millions of young people... each of them seems small, but together they are strong enough to change the world，即年轻人的微小行动汇聚起来能改变世界，故选 A。B 项是对比喻的字面误读。
3.C：末段列举 Members clean rivers, recycle rubbish, plant trees and care for animals in their own communities，说明成员在各自社区开展行动，故选 C。原文说 They do not wait for governments or big companies to act first，与 A、D 相反。
4.D：末段引用 Goodall 的话：everyone can make a difference every single day. What you choose to do... matters more than you imagine，可推知她认为每个人每天的选择都很重要，故选 D。A 项与第一段研究成果相悖；B 项与 1991 年创立于坦桑尼亚不符；C 项与 do not wait for... companies 相反。
5.B：全文围绕 Roots & Shoots 这一名字展开：看似微小的 root 和 shoot 汇聚起来力量巨大，最终改变世界，B 项 Small Roots, Great Change 概括了这一主旨，故选 B。A、D 项只是局部信息，C 项偏离主题。
6.B：第一段说明计划的目的：if people could always find a free bicycle, they would leave their cars at home. That would mean less traffic and less pollution，即让人们少开车、减少交通与污染，故选 B。
7.C：第二段指出失败原因：Nobody took care of the white bicycles, so many of them were soon broken or stolen，即无人维护导致车辆损坏或被盗，故选 C。B 项只是说警察移走了剩下的车，并非禁止骑行。
8.A：第三段描述现代共享单车用法：find a shared bicycle with a phone app, unlock it by scanning a code，即用手机 App 找车、扫码解锁，故选 A。
9.D：末段说 Some streets are crowded with too many bicycles, and a few people damage them on purpose，即一些街道被自行车挤满且有人故意损坏车辆，故选 D。A、B、C 项均未提及。
10.A：文章从 1965 年阿姆斯特丹的白色自行车计划写起，中间写它一度失败，最后写共享单车让这一旧想法以新形式重生，A 项概括了全文主线，故选 A。B、C、D 项均以偏概全。

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