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高中英语北师大版 2019 选择性必修第一册 Unit 3 Conservation习题
一、单词拼写
1.Scientists warn that many __________ (物种) will disappear if we do not take action now.
2.The loss of forests has left many animals without a safe __________ (栖息地).
3.The new park was created to protect the local __________ (野生动物) from hunters.
4.Please throw the empty __________ (包装盒) into the recycling bin.
5.Wind and solar power are clean sources of __________ (能源).
6.Factories must stop pouring waste into the __________ (环境).
7.A huge amount of __________ (塑料) is floating in the ocean.
8.Please put the __________ (垃圾) into the bin instead of leaving it on the ground.
9.Cutting emissions is one way to slow down __________ (气候) change.
10.Solar and wind are examples of __________ (可再生的) energy.
二、词性转化
1.conserve (v.) → __________ (n.) 保护
2.destroy (v.) → __________ (n.) 破坏
3.exist (v.) → __________ (n.) 存在
4.survive (v.) → __________ (n.) 生存
5.threaten (v.) → __________ (n.) 威胁
6.recycle (v.) → __________ (n.) 回收
7.extinct (adj.) → __________ (n.) 灭绝
8.consume (v.) → __________ (n.) 消耗
9.vary (v.) → __________ (n.) 多样性
10.pollute (v.) → __________ (n.) 污染
三、选词填空（从下列所给词中选择合适的单词并用其正确形式填空）
reduce, damage, protect, waste, limit, ban, poison, disturb
1.To cut the amount of rubbish we produce, we should __________ the use of disposable items.
2.Heavy traffic does serious __________ to the air quality in big cities.
3.Laws have been passed to __________ rare animals from being hunted.
4.Leaving the tap running is a common way to __________ water in daily life.
5.Many cities now __________ the number of cars allowed to enter the centre.
6.Several countries have decided to __________ single-use plastic bags completely.
7.Chemicals from the factory have __________ the river and killed many fish.
8.Loud noise from the building site may __________ the birds living nearby.
四、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Plastic bags, bottles and packets are everywhere in our daily life. They are cheap and convenient, so most of us use them without thinking and throw them away within minutes. 1________ However, the damage they cause to the environment is far greater than we imagine. It is a problem that reaches every corner of the planet.
Much of this plastic is used only once. 2________ It can take hundreds of years to break down, and during that time it pollutes the soil, the rivers and the ocean. Sea animals often mistake the tiny pieces for food, and many of them die as a result.
So what can we do about it The first step is to refuse what we do not really need. 3________ When you go shopping, for example, take your own cloth bags instead of the free plastic ones. Small choices like this, made by millions of people, soon add up. One person's decision may seem tiny, but together they can change the market.
Another simple habit is to reuse things whenever possible. 4________ A glass bottle, for instance, can be used many times, while a plastic one is often thrown away after a single drink. Choosing products that last longer saves money as well as resources.
Recycling is also important, but it should not be our only answer. 5________ The real goal is to produce and use less plastic in the first place. Only by cutting waste at the source can we solve the problem at its root.
If everyone makes a small effort, the total effect will be huge. Cutting down on plastic is not about giving up convenience; it is about building a cleaner future for ourselves and for the wildlife that shares our planet.
A. This throwaway habit is creating mountains of waste.
B. Every year, millions of tonnes of plastic end up in the ocean.
C. In fact, a single plastic bag may be used for only a few minutes.
D. That means saying no to a plastic bag or a plastic straw.
E. Reusable items are usually stronger and last much longer.
F. Even when plastic is collected for recycling, much of it still ends up in landfills.
G. Plastic is made from oil, which is a limited resource.
五、阅读理解
（一）
Just thirty years ago, few people believed that the mountain gorilla could be saved. Its forest home was being cut down, and hunters killed the animals for money. Experts warned that the species might die out by the end of the century.
Then conservation groups, local governments and villagers decided to work together. They set up protected areas where cutting trees was not allowed. Rangers were trained to watch over the gorillas and to stop illegal hunting. At the same time, villagers were taught how to grow crops without destroying the forest. Some of them were even employed as guides, so they could earn money from tourism instead of hunting.
The results have been encouraging. In the past twenty years, the number of mountain gorillas has slowly risen. Local communities, once very poor, now see the gorillas as a source of pride and income. This proves that even a species close to extinction can recover when people act in time and work together.
However, the work is far from finished. The animals still face dangers from disease, climate change and human activities. Their habitat remains small, and a single outbreak of illness could put the whole population at risk. Conservationists say that long-term success depends on continued support, not on a single campaign. Perhaps the most important lesson is that protecting wildlife is not only a job for scientists. When local people share the benefits, they become the best guardians of the animals around them.
1.Why did the mountain gorilla almost die out
A. Its food became too hard to find.
B. Its forest home was destroyed and it was hunted.
C. It was moved away by scientists.
D. It could not live in the cold.
2.What did conservation groups do to help the gorillas
A. They kept all the gorillas in zoos.
B. They built new roads through the forest.
C. They set up protected areas and trained rangers.
D. They stopped all visitors from coming.
3.What benefit did local villagers get from the programme
A. They were employed as guides and earned money from tourism.
B. They were given free land to build houses.
C. They were allowed to hunt as before.
D. They received money from foreign scientists.
4.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. The work has been completely finished.
B. Local people no longer help the programme.
C. Technology has solved all the problems.
D. The animals still face dangers and need long-term support.
5.What is the main idea of the passage
A. Mountain gorillas are no longer in any danger.
B. Careful action and local support can help save endangered species.
C. Scientists should take full responsibility for wildlife protection.
D. Tourism is the only way to protect wild animals.
（二）
The car has changed the way we live, but it has also brought problems that are hard to ignore. In many cities, the number of private cars keeps rising, and roads that were built for far fewer vehicles are now jammed every day.
One obvious result is wasted time. Drivers spend hours sitting in traffic, time that could have been spent with family or at work. Worse, vehicles produce huge amounts of exhaust gas, which pollutes the air and damages people's health. Studies show that children living near busy roads are more likely to suffer from breathing problems.
Some cities are taking action. They are expanding public transport, building safe cycle lanes and charging drivers who enter the city centre. In one European city, the share of journeys made by bike rose sharply after new bike paths were opened. Slowly, the streets become quieter and the air becomes cleaner. These measures are not meant to punish drivers, but to offer them a better choice.
Critics argue that such policies are inconvenient and expensive. Yet the cost of doing nothing is far higher, because congestion wastes fuel, harms health and slows down the whole economy. The road to destruction is not built in a single day; neither is the road to a cleaner city. What is needed is a change in the way we think about travel. If more people leave their cars at home, even occasionally, the air will be cleaner and the streets will be safer for everyone.
6.What is one result of the rising number of private cars
A. Public transport has stopped working.
B. Roads become jammed and time is wasted.
C. Fewer people go to work.
D. The air has become cleaner.
7.What do studies show about children living near busy roads
A. They are healthier because they often walk.
B. They spend more time outdoors.
C. They are more likely to have breathing problems.
D. They prefer to travel by car.
8.How are some cities dealing with the problem
A. By charging drivers who enter the city centre.
B. By building more roads in the centre.
C. By banning all cars from the city.
D. By closing all the schools.
9.What is the writer's attitude towards the measures
A. He thinks they are useless.
B. He is worried only about their cost.
C. He believes they are helpful and necessary.
D. He is angry about them.
10.What is the main idea of the passage
A. Cars should be completely banned.
B. Public transport is always better than driving.
C. Driving is the main cause of every city problem.
D. We need to rethink our travel habits for cleaner, safer cities.
习题答案解析
一、单词拼写
1.“物种”，句中指多种生物种类，many 后接可数名词复数，species 单复数同形，意为“物种”，故填 species。
2.“栖息地”，without a 后接可数名词单数，habitat 意为“栖息地”，故填 habitat。
3.“野生动物”，the local 后接名词，wildlife 意为“野生动物”，为不可数名词，故填 wildlife。
4.“包装盒”，the empty 后接可数名词单数，packet 意为“小包；包装盒”，故填 packet。
5.“能源”，of 后接名词，energy 意为“能源”，为不可数名词，故填 energy。
6.“环境”，into the 后接名词，environment 意为“环境”，故填 environment。
7.“塑料”，a huge amount of 后接不可数名词，plastic 作物质名词时为不可数名词，故填 plastic。
8.“垃圾”，the 后接名词，rubbish 意为“垃圾”，为不可数名词，故填 rubbish。
9.“气候”，此处修饰后面的名词 change 作定语，climate change 意为“气候变化”，故填 climate。
10.“可再生的”，此处修饰名词 energy 作定语，renewable energy 意为“可再生能源”，故填 renewable。
二、词性转化
1.conserve 是动词“保护”，其名词形式为 conservation，意为“保护”，如：the conservation of wildlife（对野生动物的保护）。
2.destroy 是动词“破坏”，其名词形式为 destruction，意为“破坏”，如：the destruction of forests（森林的破坏）。
3.exist 是动词“存在”，其名词形式为 existence，意为“存在”，如：the existence of life（生命的存在）。
4.survive 是动词“生存”，其名词形式为 survival，意为“生存”，如：the survival of the species（物种的生存）。
5.threaten 是动词“威胁”，其名词形式为 threat，意为“威胁”，如：a threat to wildlife（对野生动物的威胁）。
6.recycle 是动词“回收利用”，其名词形式为 recycling，意为“回收”，如：the recycling of waste（废物的回收）。
7.extinct 是形容词“灭绝的”，其名词形式为 extinction，意为“灭绝”，如：face extinction（面临灭绝）。
8.consume 是动词“消耗”，其名词形式为 consumption，意为“消耗”，如：energy consumption（能源消耗）。
9.vary 是动词“变化”，其名词形式为 variety，意为“多样性”，如：a variety of plants（多种多样的植物）。
10.pollute 是动词“污染”，其名词形式为 pollution，意为“污染”，如：air pollution（空气污染）。
三、选词填空
1.“减少”，should 后接动词原形，reduce the use of 意为“减少……的使用”，故填 reduce。
2.“损害”，serious 后接名词作宾语，do damage to 意为“对……造成损害”，故填 damage。
3.“保护”，to 后接动词原形，protect ... from ... 意为“保护……免受……”，故填 protect。
4.“浪费”，to 后接动词原形，waste water 意为“浪费水”，故填 waste。
5.“限制”，主语 Many cities 为复数，谓语用动词原形，limit 意为“限制”，故填 limit。
6.“禁止”，have decided to 后接动词原形，ban 意为“禁止”，故填 ban。
7.“污染；毒害”，have 后接动词的过去分词构成完成时，poison 的过去分词为 poisoned，故填 poisoned。
8.“打扰”，may 后接动词原形，disturb 意为“打扰”，故填 disturb。
四、七选五
1.A：首段说人们随手使用并丢弃塑料制品，A 选项“这种用完就扔的习惯正在制造堆积如山的垃圾”承接上文，又用 However 引出下文“危害远超想象”，故选 A。
2.C：第二段说“Much of this plastic is used only once”，C 选项“事实上，一个塑料袋可能只用几分钟”用具体例子解释“一次性”，且下句 It 指代 a plastic bag，故选 C。
3.D：第三段提到“refuse what we do not really need”，D 选项“那就意味着对一个塑料袋或一根塑料吸管说不”正是对 refuse 的具体解释，故选 D。
4.E：第四段讲“reuse things whenever possible”，E 选项“可重复使用的物品通常更结实、用得也更久”与下文玻璃瓶的例子呼应，故选 E。
5.F：第五段说“Recycling ... should not be our only answer”，F 选项“即使塑料被回收，其中很多最终还是进入垃圾填埋场”正是“不能只靠回收”的原因，故选 F。
五、阅读理解
1.B：第一段说“Its forest home was being cut down, and hunters killed the animals for money”，即森林家园被砍伐、大猩猩被猎杀，故选 B。
2.C：第二段提到“They set up protected areas”和“Rangers were trained to watch over the gorillas”，即建立保护区和培训巡护员，故选 C。
3.A：第二段说“Some of them were even employed as guides, so they could earn money from tourism”，村民被雇为导游、从旅游中获利，故选 A。
4.D：最后一段说动物“still face dangers”且“a single outbreak of illness could put the whole population at risk”，说明保护工作尚未完成、仍需长期支持，故选 D。
5.B：全文讲述大猩猩从濒危到数量回升的过程，并强调当地人的参与，主旨是审慎的行动与当地支持能拯救濒危物种，故选 B。
6.B：第一段说“the number of private cars keeps rising, and roads ... are now jammed every day”，车越来越多导致道路拥堵，第二段又说“One obvious result is wasted time”，故选 B。
7.C：第二段说“children living near busy roads are more likely to suffer from breathing problems”，即更容易患呼吸系统疾病，故选 C。
8.A：第三段说“charging drivers who enter the city centre”，即对进入市中心的司机收费，故选 A。
9.C：第三段说“These measures are not meant to punish drivers, but to offer them a better choice”，第四段又说“the cost of doing nothing is far higher”，可见作者认为这些措施有益且必要，故选 C。
10.D：全文从拥堵、污染等问题谈到城市的应对措施，并呼吁“a change in the way we think about travel”，主旨是重新思考出行方式，故选 D。

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