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高中英语北师大版 2019 选择性必修第四册 Unit 11 Conflict and Compromise习题
一、单词拼写
1.After a heated __________ (冲突) over the fence, the two neighbours stopped speaking to each other.
2.The two companies finally reached a __________ (妥协) that satisfied both sides.
3.They had a bitter __________ (争吵) about who should pay for the broken window.
4.Our new __________ (邻居) invited us to a house-warming party last weekend.
5.The whole __________ (社区) worked together to clean up the old park.
6.The old __________ (老兵) shared his stories of the war with the students.
7.A __________ (纪念碑) was built in memory of the soldiers who died in the war.
8.There is growing __________ (紧张) between the two groups over the use of the car park.
9.The two families remained __________ (激烈的；怨恨的) enemies for years after the dispute.
10.She showed __________ (真诚的) concern for the families who had lost their homes.
二、词性转化
1.argue (v.) → __________ (n.) 争论
2.agree (v.) → __________ (n.) 协议
3.complain (v.) → __________ (n.) 抱怨；投诉
4.misunderstand (v.) → __________ (n.) 误解
5.tolerate (v.) → __________ (n.) 宽容
6.peaceful (adj.) → __________ (n.) 和平
7.violent (adj.) → __________ (n.) 暴力
8.solve (v.) → __________ (n.) 解决办法
9.angry (adj.) → __________ (n.) 愤怒
10.criticize (v.) → __________ (n.) 批评
三、选词填空（从下列所给词中选择合适的单词并用其正确形式填空）
resolve, negotiate, settle, communicate, patience, respect, apologize, cooperation
1.Dealing with a long-standing dispute requires both time and __________.
2.A meeting was held to help the two sides __________ their differences.
3.The union refused to __________ unless management withdrew the new rules.
4.After hours of discussion, the two families finally agreed to __________ their quarrel out of court.
5.Counsellors taught the couple how to __________ openly instead of shouting at each other.
6.Members of the club are expected to __________ each other's opinions even when they disagree.
7.Realising that he had been unfair, Mr Brown went next door to __________ to his neighbour.
8.The success of the neighbourhood watch scheme depended on the __________ of every resident.
四、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Living close to others means that disagreements are sometimes unavoidable. Whether it is loud music late at night, a car parked across the driveway or a tree whose branches hang over the fence, most of us will come across a neighbour dispute at some point in our lives. In the worst cases, people stop greeting each other for years over something very small. 1________ Fortunately, there are tried and tested ways to settle such problems before they destroy the peace of a whole community.
The first and most important step is to talk to your neighbour directly and politely. Choose a quiet moment when neither of you is in a hurry, explain the problem calmly, and listen to their side as well. Simple words such as 'I did not realise this was bothering you' can change the atmosphere at once. 2________ Shouting over the fence or sticking angry notes through the letterbox, on the other hand, almost always makes matters worse and turns a small complaint into a lasting quarrel.
If direct talk fails, consider mediation. A neutral third person, such as a trained community mediator, can bring the two parties together and help them reach a compromise that both can accept. 3________ Because the mediator does not take sides, neither neighbour feels like the loser, and the final agreement is far more likely to last.
It also helps to know your rights and duties. Local councils often publish clear guidelines about noise levels, property boundaries and shared spaces such as stairways and gardens. A quick check of these documents can save weeks of argument later. 4________
Above all, remember that tolerance and forgiveness keep a neighbourhood friendly. 5________ After all, you may live next to these people for many years, and a good relationship is worth far more than winning an argument.
A. Many disputes, however, can be resolved without anger or legal action.
B. Record every conversation in writing so that you can take your neighbour to court later.
C. Reading them first can prevent a small misunderstanding from growing into a serious conflict.
D. Such an informal conversation solves most minor complaints quickly.
E. Holding on to old grudges only keeps the conflict alive.
F. During mediation sessions, each side is invited to state its needs and to suggest possible solutions.
G. Mediators are trained lawyers who will decide who is right and force you to accept the result.
五、阅读理解
（一）
For three months, residents of Maple Street had endured loud music from Number 12 every weekend. Every Friday and Saturday night, the music began at eleven and continued past midnight. Mrs Chen, a retired teacher living next door, first left a polite note, then a second one, but nothing changed. Some neighbours suggested calling the police, while others talked about moving away.
Instead of letting the quarrel grow, Mrs Chen contacted the local community centre, which offered a free mediation service. A trained mediator, Mr Alvarez, invited both sides to a meeting in a neutral room. At first, the young tenant of Number 12, Jason, defended himself: he worked long hours and his weekend music was his only way to relax. Mrs Chen, for her part, explained that she suffered from headaches and could not sleep.
Listening to each other, both sides began to soften. Jason admitted he had not realised how far the sound carried at night. Mrs Chen admitted she had never actually spoken to him face to face. Together they worked out an agreement: music would stop by ten o'clock, sound-proof pads would go under the speakers, and Jason would give Mrs Chen his phone number for emergencies.
Six months later, the street was quiet, and Jason even helped Mrs Chen carry her shopping every week. 'We did not win or lose,' said Mr Alvarez. 'We simply learned to understand each other. That is what a community is for.' The complaint that once divided the street had, in the end, brought its residents closer together.
1.Why did the notes Mrs Chen left fail to work
A. Jason never read any of them.
B. The two neighbours never communicated face to face.
C. The music was too loud for Jason to hear.
D. Jason thought the notes were threatening.
2.Why did Mrs Chen turn to the community centre instead of the police
A. The police had refused to help her before.
B. She wanted to move away quietly.
C. She preferred a peaceful way to resolve the conflict.
D. The centre forced Jason to pay a fine.
3.What can we infer about Jason from Paragraph 2
A. He was under great pressure at work.
B. He was deaf to others' complaints.
C. He hated living next to the elderly.
D. He played music on purpose to annoy Mrs Chen.
4.Which of the following is NOT part of the agreement reached at the meeting
A. Music would stop by ten o'clock.
B. Pads would be placed under the speakers.
C. Jason would leave his phone number for emergencies.
D. Jason would move to another neighbourhood.
5.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. A Polite Note
B. Winning or Losing
C. Peace Begins with Understanding
D. The Cost of Loud Music
（二）
Every year on 6 June, Jack Miller, now ninety-eight, returns to the beaches of Normandy. He was nineteen when he landed there in 1944 as a young soldier. Of the twelve men in his boat, only four survived the first hour. 'I remember the noise, the smoke and the faces of friends who are no longer here,' he says quietly.
For forty years after the war, Jack never spoke about it. Then, at the request of his granddaughter, he began visiting schools to share his memories. He does not describe the war as an adventure. Instead, he tells students about the letters he wrote home, the fear in the trenches, and the friend who died beside him while carrying a photograph of his baby daughter. 'War is not glory,' he tells them. 'War is loss.'
Jack's message is simple: remember, so that it never happens again. He points to the war memorials in every town, which, he says, are not built to celebrate victories but to remind people of the price paid by ordinary families. When students ask whether he hates the soldiers on the other side, he shakes his head. 'They were boys too,' he answers. 'They also had mothers waiting.'
Today, fewer and fewer witnesses of that war remain. Teachers like Jack believe that passing on such memories is the best way to defend peace. 'Peace is not silence between wars,' he says. 'It is something we must build every day.'
6.Why does Jack return to Normandy every year
A. To celebrate the victory of the war.
B. To meet soldiers from the other side.
C. To remember the friends he lost there.
D. To show students around the beaches.
7.What ended Jack's forty years of silence about the war
A. A school's formal invitation.
B. The building of a war memorial.
C. A book written about Normandy.
D. His granddaughter's request.
8.What does Jack mean by saying "War is loss"
A. Wars bring glory only to a few people.
B. War costs ordinary people dearly.
C. Soldiers usually lose their weapons.
D. Losing a war teaches a hard lesson.
9.Why does Jack refuse to hate the soldiers on the other side
A. They were young people with families waiting for them, too.
B. He has forgotten most of the fighting.
C. They once saved his life at the beach.
D. He never fought against them directly.
10.What is the main idea of the text
A. The Battle of Normandy was the turning point of the war.
B. An old soldier's lifelong wish for peace.
C. Letters from the trenches tell the truth of war.
D. War memorials should be built in every town.
习题答案解析
一、单词拼写
1.“冲突”，形容词 heated 后接名词，a heated conflict 意为“一场激烈的冲突”，故填 conflict。
2.“妥协”，reach a compromise 为固定搭配，意为“达成妥协”，a 后接可数名词单数，故填 compromise。
3.“争吵”，have a quarrel about sth 意为“就某事发生争吵”，形容词 bitter 修饰名词，故填 quarrel。
4.“邻居”，our 后接可数名词单数（此处指一位邻居），故填 neighbour。
5.“社区”，the whole 后接名词，the whole community 意为“整个社区”，故填 community。
6.“老兵”，the old 后接名词，a war veteran 意为“退伍老兵”，故填 veteran。
7.“纪念碑”，不定冠词 A 后接可数名词单数，build a memorial 意为“建一座纪念碑”，故填 memorial。
8.“紧张（关系）”，形容词 growing 后接不可数名词，there is growing tension 意为“紧张局势日益加剧”，故填 tension。
9.“激烈的；怨恨的”，此处修饰名词 enemies 作定语，需用形容词，a bitter enemy 意为“死敌”，故填 bitter。
10.“真诚的”，修饰名词 concern 作定语需用形容词，genuine concern 意为“真诚的关心”，故填 genuine。
二、词性转化
1.argue 动词“争论”，名词形式是 argument，意为“争论；论点”，如：settle an argument（解决一场争论）。
2.agree 动词“同意”，名词形式是 agreement，意为“协议；一致”，reach an agreement 意为“达成协议”。
3.complain 动词“抱怨”，名词形式是 complaint，make a complaint 意为“提出投诉”。
4.misunderstand 动词“误解”，名词形式是 misunderstanding，意为“误解；误会”，clear up a misunderstanding 意为“消除误会”。
5.tolerate 动词“容忍”，名词形式是 tolerance，意为“宽容；忍受”，show tolerance towards others 意为“对他人表现出宽容”。
6.peaceful 形容词“和平的”，其名词是 peace，意为“和平”，in peace 意为“平静地；和睦地”。
7.violent 形容词“暴力的”，名词形式是 violence，意为“暴力”，如：settle a dispute without violence（不用暴力解决争端）。
8.solve 动词“解决”，名词形式是 solution，意为“解决办法”，a solution to the problem 意为“解决问题的办法”，注意搭配介词 to。
9.angry 形容词“愤怒的”，名词形式是 anger，意为“愤怒”，如：contain one's anger（抑制怒气）。
10.criticize 动词“批评”，名词形式是 criticism，意为“批评”，receive criticism from others 意为“受到他人的批评”。
三、选词填空
1.“耐心”，不可数名词，作 requires 的宾语，与 time 并列，have the patience to do sth 意为“有做某事的耐心”，故填 patience。
2.“解决”，help sb do sth 结构中用动词原形，resolve one's differences 意为“消除分歧”，故填 resolve。
3.“谈判；协商”，refuse to do sth 结构中 to 后接动词原形，negotiate with sb 意为“与某人谈判”，故填 negotiate。
4.“解决（争端）”，agree to do sth 结构中 to 后接动词原形，settle a quarrel 意为“平息争吵”，故填 settle。
5.“交流”，how to 后接动词原形，与 instead of shouting 对照，communicate openly 意为“坦诚交流”，故填 communicate。
6.“尊重”，be expected to 后接动词原形，respect one's opinions 意为“尊重某人的观点”，故填 respect。
7.“道歉”，不定式 to 后接动词原形，apologize to sb 意为“向某人道歉”，故填 apologize。
8.“合作”，定冠词 the 后接名词，the cooperation of 意为“……的合作”，depend on the cooperation of sb 意为“依靠某人的合作”，故填 cooperation。
四、七选五
1.D：首段说邻里矛盾难免，随后“Fortunately, there are tried and tested ways to settle such problems”语气转折，说明多数矛盾可以化解。D 选项“Many disputes, however, can be resolved without anger or legal action”中的 without anger or legal action 与 fortunately 的积极语气衔接，故选 D。
2.A：本段建议心平气和地当面沟通，“explain the problem calmly, and listen to their side”说明这种非正式交谈有效；D 选项“Such an informal conversation solves most minor complaints quickly”中的 informal conversation 与前文直接礼貌交谈呼应，与后文“Shouting... makes matters worse”形成正反对比，故选 A。
3.F：本段介绍调解，空白前说中立第三方帮助双方达成妥协，空白后“Because the mediator does not take sides”解释原因。F 选项“During mediation sessions, each side is invited to state its needs...”描述调解过程的具体做法，与后文因果句衔接自然，故选 F。
4.C：本段讲了解权利与义务，前文说地方政府发布噪音、边界等指南；C 选项“Reading them first can prevent a small misunderstanding from growing into a serious conflict”中的 Reading them 指代前文的 guidelines，代词衔接明确，故选 C。
5.E：本段总结宽容与原谅的作用，前文说“tolerance and forgiveness keep a neighbourhood friendly”；E 选项“Holding on to old grudges only keeps the conflict alive”从反面说明记恨只会延续冲突，grudges 与 forgiveness 形成对照，故选 E。
五、阅读理解
1.B：由第三段“Mrs Chen admitted she had never actually spoken to him face to face”可知，两人从未当面沟通，纸条自然不起作用，故选 B。
2.C：由第二段“Instead of letting the quarrel grow, Mrs Chen contacted the local community centre, which offered a free mediation service”可知，她选择调解而非报警，是想以和平方式解决矛盾，故选 C。
3.A：第二段提到 Jason“worked long hours and his weekend music was his only way to relax”，可推知他工作压力大，周末靠音乐放松，故选 A。
4.D：由第三段协议内容“music would stop by ten o'clock, sound-proof pads would go under the speakers, and Jason would give Mrs Chen his phone number for emergencies”可知，A、B、C 均为协议内容，“Jason 搬走”未被提及，故选 D。
5.C：全文讲述双方通过沟通理解达成和解，结尾调解人说的“We simply learned to understand each other”点明主旨——和平始于理解；B 项“胜负”与“We did not win or lose”相悖，故选 C。
6.C：由首段“I remember the noise, the smoke and the faces of friends who are no longer here”可知，Jack 每年重返诺曼底是为了怀念牺牲的战友，故选 C。
7.D：由第二段“For forty years after the war, Jack never spoke about it. Then, at the request of his granddaughter, he began visiting schools”可知，是孙女的请求让他打破沉默，故选 D。
8.B：由第二段他讲述的“the friend who died beside him while carrying a photograph of his baby daughter”等细节可知，“War is loss”指战争让普通家庭付出惨痛代价，故选 B。
9.A：由第三段“'They were boys too,' he answers. 'They also had mothers waiting.'”可知，对方也只是有母亲等待的年轻人，所以他不愿仇恨，故选 A。
10.B：全文围绕老兵 Jack 讲述战争记忆、呼吁铭记与守护和平展开，结尾“Peace is not silence between wars. It is something we must build every day”点明主旨；A、C、D 均只是文中个别细节，故选 B。

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