资源简介

(共77张PPT)
SECTION Ⅳ　GRAMMAR & WRITING
【探究发现】
品读例句，体会黑体部分的用法
1．They represent the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
2．And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears.
语法精讲·难点透析
Grammar——动词的-ing形式和-ed形式
新
知
感
悟
3．The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
4．In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.
5．Injured in the leg, the woman couldn't move yet.
【思考发现】
第1句中coming back to life作_________；第2句中的surrounding the mountain tops作_________；第3句中的built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest是过去分词作___________；第4句中的using electric equipment作________；第5句中的Injured in the leg是过去分词作________。
宾补
定语
定语
宾语
状语
动词的-ing以及-ed形式的构成及意义
语
法
精
讲
非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义
现在分词/动名词一 般式 doing being done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生
完成式 having done having been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，表完成
Do you mind being interrupted while studying
你介意学习时被打扰吗？
Having been ignored for a long time, the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.
因长时间被忽视，这个男孩坐在后面感到枯燥就出去了。
Given enough time, we are sure to do it well.
如果给予我们足够的时间，我们一定能做好。
考点一　分词作状语
分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主谓关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是动宾关系，且含有完成的意义。
1．作时间状语相当于when, while, before, since, as引导的时间状语从句。
Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
＝When the sentence was translated into English, it was found to have an entirely different word order.
被译成英语后，我们发现这个句子有了一个完全不同的语序。
2．作原因状语相当于because, since, as引导的原因状语从句。
①Not understanding this problem, he asked the teacher about it.
＝Because he didn't understand this problem, he asked the teacher about it.
因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。
②Defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged.
＝Because he was defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged.
由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。
3．作条件状语相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
＝If I'm given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。
4．作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。
More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
＝More highways have been built in China, thus making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。
5．作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。
One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.
＝One evening Harry phoned me, and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.
一天晚上Harry给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。
6．作让步状语相当于though, although, even if等引导的让步状语从句。
Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
＝Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
虽然被警告危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。
【学以致用】　单句语法填空
①Clearly and thoughtfully _______ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
②Not _______ (know) which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice.
written
knowing
考点二　独立主格结构作状语
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的成分构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。独立主格结构可置于主句前、主句后或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开，在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。
1．逻辑主语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词
So many children to support, they both have to work full time.
有这么多孩子要养，他们俩不得不全日工作。
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。
Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.
Jim专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。
2．with/without＋复合宾语
“with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构可以构成独立主格结构，在句中常作伴随状语和原因状语。
I couldn't do my homework with all that noise going on.
由于噪音不断我做不了作业。
It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished.
真可惜，这位伟大的作家去世时，作品尚未完成。
【学以致用】　单句语法填空
①There _____ (be) no bus, we had to walk home.
②It _____ (be) Sunday, I didn't need to get up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 9 a．m.
③The girl feels excited with so many places of interest ________ (visit)．
being
being
to visit
考点三　动词的-ing形式作定语
1．及物动词的分词形式作定语
作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主谓关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为动宾关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为动宾关系且表完成时，用过去分词。
The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine.
公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主谓关系)
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.
我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(动宾关系、正在进行)
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(动宾关系、完成)
2．不及物动词的分词形式作定语
作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。
falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)
fallen leaves落叶(表完成)
3．动名词作定语
动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。
a walking stick拐杖
a reading room阅览室
a sleeping car卧铺车
【学以致用】　单句语法填空
①It tells a ________(touch) story that highlights Chinese families.
②Shanghai simplified the procedures for skilled foreigners _______ (work) in the city to get residence permits within three days, the city's latest measure to attract overseas workers.
③Father's Day, ________ (observe) on March 19 since Middle Age, means honoring fathers and celebrating fatherhood.
touching
working
observed
考点四　只能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语
下列动词或动词短语只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon；admit，delay/put off，fancy；avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice；deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate；forbid，imagine，risk，can't help，mind，allow/permit，escape
此外，下列动词短语也要用动名词作宾语：
be used/accustomed to；lead to；devote ...to；go back to；stick to；object to；get down to；pay attention to；can't stand (无法忍受)；give up；feel like；insist on；thank ...for；apologize for；be busy (in)；have difficulty/trouble (in)；have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)；spend time (in)；look forward to
We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.
我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。
My mother couldn't help smiling when she heard the good news.
听到那好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。
【学以致用】　单句语法填空
①To avoid _______ (wait) in line we advise you to buy your tickets in advance online.
②In my mind, they help us to become calm and consider _______ (win) and solving real problems as well.
waiting
winning
考点五　分词作宾语补足语
1．现在分词作宾语补足语时，表主动、进行。
They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.
他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。
2．过去分词作宾语补足语时，表被动、完成。
He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.
他试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。
【学以致用】　单句语法填空
①When we saw the road _______ (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
②The manager was satisfied to see many new products _________ (develop) after great effort.
③When he was ready to leave he found his bicycle's front tyre (轮胎) flat.He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle ________ (repair)．
blocked
developed
repaired
考点六　动名词作主语和表语
1．动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing ...；It's no use/good doing ...；It is useless doing ...；There is no ...等。
Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
掌握基本的急救技能将会有助于你在遇到紧急情况时迅速作出反应。
It is no use complaining without taking action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。
There is no joking about such serious matters.
这样严肃的事开不得玩笑。
2．动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
Our job is playing all kinds of music.
我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。
【学以致用】　单句语法填空
①Johannesburg is _____ (know) as the City of Gold, which is the heart of ________ (shop), entertainment and city adventure.
②____________ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
③_____________ (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
④I felt hopeless and alone，and more _________ (depress) than I knew was possible.
known
shopping
Travel(l)ing
Understanding
depressed
【文体指导】
调查报告属于应用文，一般是用简洁、生动的语言把图中所提供的信息准确、完整地表达出来，还需要分析调查结果，揭示其规律，找出解决问题的对策。调查报告主要包括介绍、主要发现、结论。
写作素养·读写结合
Writing——调查报告
写
作
指
导
写作时要注意：
1．注意审题，转换图表。
撰写调查报告时，通常需要结合图表，观察、对比调查数据，并把调查结果和数据转换为文字表达，并按写作内容给出的要点顺序进行写作。
2．确定时态，规范全文。
引出报告结果或数据时，或发表议论和个人观点时，通常用一般现在时。若出现具体的时间状语，如last year, next year，recently等时，应恰当使用相应的时态。
【亮点句式】
常见的开头方式：
1．Last week, we did a survey among 2，600 students on “who is your idol”．
上周，我们以“谁是你的偶像”为题，在2600名学生中进行了一次调查。
2．I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class about their purpose of getting on the Internet.
最近我对我班的30名男生和30名女生进行了调查，看他们上网做什么。
3．Last week, we did/conducted/carried out a survey among all the students in our school on the time they spent in sleeping every day.
上周，我们就每天的睡眠时间对全校学生进行了调查。
4．Recently, a survey has been done to find out how middle school students spend their pocket money.
目前，针对中学生零用钱的消费方向进行了调查。
5．Last week we did a survey among 1，000 middle school students on “What Do You Do on Weekends？”．
上周我们对1000名中学生做了一项关于“周末做什么”的调查。
6．Last week, a survey was carried out among the students in our school on “Your Safety”．
上周，在我们学校的学生中进行了一项关于“你的安全”的调查。
常用的结束语：
1．As for myself, Thomas Edison is my idol, because his inventions have greatly changed our life.
至于我自己，托马斯·爱迪生是我的偶像，因为他的发明极大地改变了我们的生活。
2．As far as I am concerned, effective measures should be instantly taken to help students to spare time for sleeping.
在我看来，应该立即采取有效措施来帮助学生获得休息时间。
3．In my opinion, we should take action to help students to make good use of study time.
在我看来，我们应当采取措施帮助学生好好利用学习时间。
4．As far as I am concerned, effective measures should be instantly taken to ensure our safety so that we can grow up healthily and securely.
在我看来，应该立即采取有效的措施来确保我们的安全，这样我们才能健康安全地成长。
【写作任务】
目前，针对学生零用钱(pocket money)的消费方向，你对你们市某中学的高中和初中的部分学生进行了问卷调查，得出数据如下表。现请你用英文写一篇调查报告，并发表自己的看法，同时呼吁中学生树立正确的消费观。
写
作
范
例
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
As the diagram shows, both junior students and senior students spend most of their money on books, snacks and playing games, and still some money goes to clothes, banks, sports, and so on.________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
I hope we students value our money as well as our time.
【审题谋篇】
体裁 调查报告 时态 一般现在时为主
主题 零用钱 人称 第一人称为主
结构 1.首段：介绍一个调查
2．中段：积极和消极的发现
3．尾段：结论及你的观点
【遣词造句】
Ⅰ.词汇、短语
①______　零食； 快餐
②______ 更喜欢；宁愿
③_____ 浪费
④________ 宝贵的
⑤___________ 来之不易的
⑥___________________________ 在……上花钱
⑦_________________ 另一方面
⑧_____________ 体重增加
⑨__________ 对……有害
⑩_________ 导致
snacks
prefer
waste
precious
hard-earned
spend money in(doing)sth.
on the other hand
put on weight
do harm to
result in
Ⅱ.句式、语法
(一)完成句子
①__________________________________________________________ _______________
吃太多零食不仅使我们发胖而且危害健康。
②__________________________________________________________ _________________________
如果我们无节制地打游戏，我们就会失去许多珍贵的时间，这会导致成绩下降。
Eating too many snacks will make us put on weight and do harm to
our health.
If we play games without limit, we'll lose much precious time and it
results in low grades.
(二)句式升级
①___________________________________________________________ ______________________
吃太多零食不仅使我们发胖而且危害健康。(not only ...but also ...结构 )
②_____________________________________________________________ ______________________
如果我们无节制地打游戏，我们就会失去许多珍贵的时间，这会导致成绩下降。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
Eating too many snacks will not only make us put on weight but also do
harm to our health.
If we play games without limit, we'll lose much precious time, which
results in low grades.
【妙笔成篇】
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
As_the_diagram_shows，both_junior_students_and_senior_students_spend_ most_of_their_money_on_books,_snacks_and_playing_games,_and_still_some_money_goes_to_clothes,_banks,_sports,_and_so_on.
The survey shows that about 46% of seniors prefer books to snacks (37%)and playing games (31%). On the other hand, only 32% of juniors will spend their pocket money buying books, while over a half buy snacks and 46% spend money playing games.Both seniors and juniors would not waste too much money in clothes or put it in banks.
In my opinion, eating too many snacks will not only make us put on weight but also do harm to our health.In addition, if we play games without limit, we'll lose much precious time, which results in low grades.Furthermore, the money is hard-earned.
I_hope_we_students_value_our_money_as_well_as_our_time.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When his father discovered his son practising on a violin one day, he gave him a beating，______ (say) that he was going to beat the music out of the boy.
2．The tunnels provide a place for the turtles _______ (slip) into and protect them.
3．In contrast to many other countries, lunch here is not a quick snack ________ (consume) in front of the computer or on the way to a meeting.
4．People with positive attitude are more likely __________ (succeed) than those with negative attitude.
课时规范训练
saying
to slip
consumed
to succeed
5．From then on, his fear of talking before a big audience disappeared. Actually Jack had his confidence _____ (build) up. Now he turns out to be a good speaker.
6．The applause grew louder and louder and he kept _______ (stay)．
7．And we also gave him the ______ (boil) rice and water.
8．The TOEFL test is an important step of your journey ________ (study) in an English-speaking country.
built
staying
boiled
to study
Ⅱ.阅读理解
It was her son's first day of second grade, and April Crites worried that he would feel upset.
Conner, 8，was waiting for the doors to open at his school in Wichita on Aug. 14 when he started to cry. His autism sometimes makes him sad, Crites said.While Conner stood alone in a corner crying, his classmate Christian Moore happened to glance over at him.
“Instead of overlooking him like most kids would have, he (Christian) just reached over, held his hand and made my son's day better，” Crites, 29, said Tuesday in an interview.
Christian's mom, Courtney, happened to take a photo of the act of kindness and posted it on the Internet. “It is an honor to raise such a loving, compassionate child！” Courtney wrote. “He's a kid with a big heart, and the first day of school started off right.”
When Conner came home that afternoon, Crites said, he told her that he had a great first day. He liked his new friends and his teacher, she said, and he didn't mention that he had gotten upset at the start of the day. Crites said she didn't even know about her son's communication with Christian until she saw the photo a few days later.
The Crites family has been touched by the attention the photo has received, Crites said.Conner gets excited when his classmates tell him they saw his picture on TV. Crites said her husband, who rarely cries, shed a few tears when he saw the photo.
The lesson, Crites said, is to remember that everyone is struggling with something that may be invisible to those around them.
“You could choose to see someone who's having a really bad day and say something horrible to them and make their day even worse，” Crites said.“Or you could choose the opposite and better route and say something nice, hand someone a tissue who's crying and make their day better.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Conner是一个患有自闭症的男孩。一天，当他在校门口默默流泪时，Christian走过来伸出了温暖的手……
1．How did Christian Moore help Conner
A．By giving a great present.
B．By making a kind gesture.
C．By offering some advice.
D．By saying some nice words.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，当Conner在校门口独自流泪哭泣时，Christian走过来握住了他的手。这一温馨的举动显然是一种善意的姿态和表示(a kind gesture)，故B项正确。
2．How did Conner feel when he got back home that day
A．Upset and regretful.
B．Happy and grateful.
C．Excited and surprised.
D．Sad and disappointed.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，Conner开学的第一天过得非常好，对老师和同学都很满意；再结合前面发生的故事，可以判断他心怀感激，非常开心，故B项正确。
3．What made Conner known to the public
A．Christian's help.
B．Conner's autism.
C．Crites' interview.
D．Courtney's photo.
解析：D　细节理解题。结合第六段和上文可知，正是由于Christian母亲发布在网上的照片，使得Conner成了新闻人物。故D项正确。
4．What message did Crites try to convey in the last paragraph
A．Life is full of ups and downs.
B．We all need help from others.
C．Your choice makes a great difference.
D．Everyone has his or her own troubles.
解析：C　主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知，Crites讲话的核心是：面对一个处于困境中的人，我们可以选择雪上加霜，也可以选择雪中送炭；我们的选择，可以对当事人带来很大的影响。故C项正确。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Each year 1.________(thousand) of tourists visit the polar regions of the Arctic and Antarctica. But the increasing number of people travelling to the ends of the Earth can have 2.________negative effect on fragile ecosystems. Should tourists 3.________(allow) to visit polar regions
About 40，000 tourists visit Antarctica each year. More than five million travel to the Arctic and sub-Arctic. Transporting tourists to the regions 4.________(increase) ship and airplane traffic, adding to the risk of pollution, oil spoils, and other 5.________(environment) damage. Because the places where wildlife is accessible 6.________(be) few in number, tourist traffic can become concentrated in specific areas，7.________(put) Arctic vegetation at risk.
Others say that the access 8.________these very special parts of the world should not be restricted to only researchers and scientists. Polar tourism allows people to develop deep 9.________(person) connections with polar regions. “Those 10.________travel to the Arctic or Antarctica often become cheerleaders for supporting those places.” Jim Sano, vice president for travel and conservation at World Wildlife Fund, told TFK.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。越来越多的人喜欢去极地旅游，而这对南、北极的生态环境产生了很大影响。到底该不该去极地旅游呢？
1．解析：thousands　考查名词。thousands of “成千上万的”。
2．解析：a　考查冠词。have a(n) ... effect on“对……有影响”，negative的读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
3．解析：be allowed　考查非谓语动词。allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，句中sb.作主语，因此此处用被动语态。
4．解析：increases　考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；动名词短语作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
5．解析：environmental　考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词形式。
6．解析：are　考查谓语动词时态和主谓一致。此处叙述的是客观情况，用一般现在时，主语为places，故应用are。
7．解析：putting　考查非谓语动词。此处为现在分词短语作结果状语。
8．解析：to　考查介词。access to为固定短语，意为“接近，有权使用”。
9．解析：personal　考查形容词。修饰名词connections，应用形容词形式。
10．解析：who　考查关系代词。先行词为Those，在定语从句中关系代词作主语，故用who。
Ⅳ.应用文写作
你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一份倡议书，主题为“Live a Low-carbon Life”。内容包括：
1．低碳生活的意义；
2．我们具体该怎么做；
3．呼吁同学们行动起来。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Live a Low-carbon Life
As is known to all, global warming is becoming increasingly serious and it has done great harm to our environment. To improve the situation, we must live a low-carbon life to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Actually, there are many things for us to do. First of all, we must save energy in our daily life, such as water, electricity, and gas. Secondly, we should avoid using single-use products, especially disposable plastic products. Thirdly, form a habit of reusing and recycling whatever you can.
My dear students, we have only one planet. It's everyone's duty to protect it. Let's work together to make our world a better place to live.
The Students' Union
课时规范训练
点击进入WORD链接
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The writer has won the hearts of millions of children with the rich stories _____ (draw) from her childhood memories.
2．__________ (receive) your purchases in time, make sure the express company knows your address exactly.
3．________________ (complete) his overseas study, he was eventually employed by his dream company.
4．This course is of great interest to students，______ (hope) to improve their writing skills.
课时规范训练
drawn
To receive
Having completed
hoping
5．___________(make)several attempts to fix her cell phone，the young lady decided to have another try.
6．Nowadays, more and more Chinese homes have the technology and equipment ______ (need) to do online shopping.
7．Watching basketball games on TV at home is one thing; going to watch them _______________ (perform) live is quite another.
8．She was the first woman ______(win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
Having made
needed
being performed
to win
Ⅱ.阅读理解
At six years old, Jerry Morrison is already shooting for the stars.“I want to live on another planet，”Jerry told his uncle, Joey Jefferson, at StoryCorps in November.
Jefferson, 29, also fell in love with space at an early age. It started with a spaceship toy his mother gave him when he was a kid.Today he's a mission operations engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab.
Jefferson, who lives in California, and Jerry, who lives in Florida, meet up a few times a year，and their conversations are always about their shared love for space.
“What kind of planet would you live on？” Jerry asked his uncle at StoryCorps.
“Of course everybody's going to say Mars, right Are you gonna say Mars？” Jefferson replied.
No, Jerry wants to live much farther from Mars：on an exoplanet (a planet beyond the solar system) called Kepler-452b.NASA announced its discovery of the Earth-like planet in 2015.
“There're a lot of stars and a lot of exoplanets that we got to find, and so we need people like you to keep doing what you're doing，” Jefferson told Jerry.
Jefferson wants his nephew to not only hold on to his curiosity but also share what he learns with others. And Jerry has already gotten the chance to do that. As a kindergartner last year, he taught a lesson to the fifth graders in his school about the planets of the solar system.
“It was a big opportunity for me，” Jerry said.“I feel so proud.”
Jerry said he learns about space from his uncle. “I learned from you a lot, like more than I could imagine，” Jerry said.
“You're learning so much by yourself, too, that you're teaching me as well，”Jefferson said.“And that's really cool. The more you learn, the more we realize the little things in life we take for granted are the very things that make life possible. So when I look up in the stars, I think about that.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Jerry Morrison是一个6岁的男孩，受其叔叔的影响，他热爱太空并志在太空。
1．What made Jerry Morrison and Joey Jefferson meet now and then
A．A short distance.
B．A similar lifestyle.
C．A close relationship.
D．A common interest.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Jerry Morrison之所以经常和叔叔见面，是因为他们有共同的兴趣爱好。故D项正确。
2．What do we learn about Jerry Morrison
A．He was very stubborn.
B．He was very ambitious.
C．He would work at NASA.
D．He was influenced by his mother.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第六段可知，Jerry Morrison的梦想是到达比火星更远的行星，比叔叔的梦想更加远大。故B项正确。
3．What made Jerry feel very proud
A．Sharing his knowledge.
B．Having strong curiosity.
C．Knowing a lot about space.
D．Having a lesson about space.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第八、九段可知，Jerry Morrison去年在自己的学校给其他孩子上了一节关于太阳系行星的课，这让他感到非常自豪。故A项正确。
4．Which word can best describe Jefferson according to the last paragraph
A．Generous.
B．Humorous.
C．Modest.
D．Hardworking.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Joey Jefferson听到侄儿的感谢后，不但不居功，而且说侄儿也教给他很多东西。可见他非常谦虚，故C项正确。
Ⅲ.七选五
Can't Resist Junk Food Study
Suggests You Try This Simple Trick
You're tired and hungry.Then you catch a whiff of something delicious, probably fried and almost certainly fattening.It is fried chicken！___1___A new research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make healthier food choices.
Let's take a closer look at this process.Have you ever noticed that whatever appetizing treat catches your nose's attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it What will happen if you're standing in line after a couple of minutes？___2___ And recent science says that this is actually the right moment to walk away.
The results of a series of experiments, including field studies at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria, show that extended exposure (of more than two minutes) to junk food smell (e.g.，cookie smell) leads to lower purchases of unhealthy foods compared with healthy smell (e.g.，strawberry smell)．___3___That is why long exposure to junk food smell can be as satisfactory as actually having it in your mouth, which in turn decreases the desire for consumption of junk food.
___4___When the exposure to smell of healthy food was examined, food choices were not profoundly influenced.The reason for this is that healthy food are not connected with reward in our brain and therefore have little influence on what we desire.
So next time you're feeling you don't have the will power to resist that French fries, it might be as simple as sitting there and smelling all that sweetness for just a minute or two.___5___
A．But wait a minute before you order.
B．It's a response that has been researched.
C．Get the satisfaction with none of the calories.
D．It isn't quite as irresistible as it was just moments ago.
E．However, it's not the same case with smell of healthy food.
F．It's the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied.
G．The brain doesn't necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell or taste.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几项抵制垃圾食品诱惑的技巧。
1．解析：A　根据下一句“A new research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make healthier food choices.”可知，暴露在垃圾食品的味道中至少两分钟会帮助你选择健康食品，所以本句与等待时间有关，表达“但是在预订之前先等一下”。故选A。
2．解析：D　根据前文连发的两个问句可知，垃圾食品在第一次被闻到时非常吸引人，那么在排队等了几分钟之后会发生什么呢？根据下一句可知，这恰恰是要离开的时刻。由此判断，设空处在表达“它已经不像几分钟之前那么不可抗拒了”。故选D。
3．解析：G　根据本段开头提示可知，一系列的实验结果表明暴露在垃圾食品的气味中多于两分钟后会导致垃圾食品购买量的下降，在进行客观结果描述；同时，下一句解释闻到气味就如同嘴巴吃到了一样满足。由此判断，设空处应表达“大脑对味觉和嗅觉区分不明显”。故选G。
4．解析：E　根据下一句“当检测健康食物的气味时，食物选择并没有受到很大的影响。”可知，空处内容与健康食物的气味相关，并且表达转折的语义。故选E。
5．解析：F　前句中“it might be as simple as sitting there and smelling all that sweetness for just a minute or two”与选项中“It's the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied. ”承接自然，话题一致。故选F。SECTION Ⅳ　GRAMMAR & WRITING
Grammar——动词的-ing形式和-ed形式
【探究发现】
品读例句，体会黑体部分的用法
1．They represent the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
2．And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears.
3．The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
4．In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.
5．Injured in the leg, the woman couldn't move yet.
【思考发现】
第1句中coming back to life作宾补；第2句中的surrounding the mountain tops作定语；第3句中的built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest是过去分词作定语；第4句中的using electric equipment作宾语；第5句中的Injured in the leg是过去分词作状语。
动词的-ing以及-ed形式的构成及意义
非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义
现在分词/动名词 一般式 doing being done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生
完成式 having done having been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，表完成
Do you mind being interrupted while studying
你介意学习时被打扰吗？
Having been ignored for a long time, the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.
因长时间被忽视，这个男孩坐在后面感到枯燥就出去了。
Given enough time, we are sure to do it well.
如果给予我们足够的时间，我们一定能做好。
考点一　分词作状语
分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主谓关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是动宾关系，且含有完成的意义。
1．作时间状语相当于when, while, before, since, as引导的时间状语从句。
Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
＝When the sentence was translated into English, it was found to have an entirely different word order.
被译成英语后，我们发现这个句子有了一个完全不同的语序。
2．作原因状语相当于because, since, as引导的原因状语从句。
①Not understanding this problem, he asked the teacher about it.
＝Because he didn't understand this problem, he asked the teacher about it.
因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。
②Defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged.
＝Because he was defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged.
由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。
3．作条件状语相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
＝If I'm given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。
4．作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。
More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
＝More highways have been built in China, thus making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。
5．作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。
One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.
＝One evening Harry phoned me, and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.
一天晚上Harry给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。
6．作让步状语相当于though, although, even if等引导的让步状语从句。
Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
＝Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
虽然被警告危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。
【学以致用】　单句语法填空
①Clearly and thoughtfully written (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
②Not knowing (know) which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice.
考点二　独立主格结构作状语
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的成分构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。独立主格结构可置于主句前、主句后或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开，在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。
1．逻辑主语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词
名词或代词＋
So many children to support, they both have to work full time.
有这么多孩子要养，他们俩不得不全日工作。
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。
Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.
Jim专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。
2．with/without＋复合宾语
“with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构可以构成独立主格结构，在句中常作伴随状语和原因状语。
I couldn't do my homework with all that noise going on.
由于噪音不断我做不了作业。
It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished.
真可惜，这位伟大的作家去世时，作品尚未完成。
【学以致用】　单句语法填空
①There being (be) no bus, we had to walk home.
②It being (be) Sunday, I didn't need to get up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 9 a．m.
③The girl feels excited with so many places of interest to visit (visit)．
考点三　动词的-ing形式作定语
1．及物动词的分词形式作定语
作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主谓关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为动宾关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为动宾关系且表完成时，用过去分词。
The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine.
公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主谓关系)
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.
我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(动宾关系、正在进行)
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(动宾关系、完成)
2．不及物动词的分词形式作定语
作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。
falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)
fallen leaves落叶(表完成)
3．动名词作定语
动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。
a walking stick拐杖
a reading room阅览室
a sleeping car卧铺车
【学以致用】　单句语法填空
①It tells a touching(touch) story that highlights Chinese families.
②Shanghai simplified the procedures for skilled foreigners working (work) in the city to get residence permits within three days, the city's latest measure to attract overseas workers.
③Father's Day, observed (observe) on March 19 since Middle Age, means honoring fathers and celebrating fatherhood.
考点四　只能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语
下列动词或动词短语只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon；admit，delay/put off，fancy；avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice；deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate；forbid，imagine，risk，can't help，mind，allow/permit，escape
此外，下列动词短语也要用动名词作宾语：
be used/accustomed to；lead to；devote ...to；go back to；stick to；object to；get down to；pay attention to；can't stand (无法忍受)；give up；feel like；insist on；thank ...for；apologize for；be busy (in)；have difficulty/trouble (in)；have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)；spend time (in)；look forward to
We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.
我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。
My mother couldn't help smiling when she heard the good news.
听到那好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。
【学以致用】　单句语法填空
①To avoid waiting (wait) in line we advise you to buy your tickets in advance online.
②In my mind, they help us to become calm and consider winning (win) and solving real problems as well.
考点五　分词作宾语补足语
1．现在分词作宾语补足语时，表主动、进行。
They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.
他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。
2．过去分词作宾语补足语时，表被动、完成。
He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.
他试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。
【学以致用】　单句语法填空
①When we saw the road blocked (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
②The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed (develop) after great effort.
③When he was ready to leave he found his bicycle's front tyre (轮胎) flat.He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle repaired (repair)．
考点六　动名词作主语和表语
1．动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing ...；It's no use/good doing ...；It is useless doing ...；There is no ...等。
Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
掌握基本的急救技能将会有助于你在遇到紧急情况时迅速作出反应。
It is no use complaining without taking action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。
There is no joking about such serious matters.
这样严肃的事开不得玩笑。
2．动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
Our job is playing all kinds of music.
我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。
【学以致用】　单句语法填空
①Johannesburg is known (know) as the City of Gold, which is the heart of shopping (shop), entertainment and city adventure.
②Travel(l)ing (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
③Understanding (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
④I felt hopeless and alone，and more depressed (depress) than I knew was possible.
Writing——调查报告
【文体指导】
调查报告属于应用文，一般是用简洁、生动的语言把图中所提供的信息准确、完整地表达出来，还需要分析调查结果，揭示其规律，找出解决问题的对策。调查报告主要包括介绍、主要发现、结论。
写作时要注意：
1．注意审题，转换图表。
撰写调查报告时，通常需要结合图表，观察、对比调查数据，并把调查结果和数据转换为文字表达，并按写作内容给出的要点顺序进行写作。
2．确定时态，规范全文。
引出报告结果或数据时，或发表议论和个人观点时，通常用一般现在时。若出现具体的时间状语，如last year, next year，recently等时，应恰当使用相应的时态。
【亮点句式】
常见的开头方式：
1．Last week, we did a survey among 2，600 students on “who is your idol”．
上周，我们以“谁是你的偶像”为题，在2600名学生中进行了一次调查。
2．I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class about their purpose of getting on the Internet.
最近我对我班的30名男生和30名女生进行了调查，看他们上网做什么。
3．Last week, we did/conducted/carried out a survey among all the students in our school on the time they spent in sleeping every day.
上周，我们就每天的睡眠时间对全校学生进行了调查。
4．Recently, a survey has been done to find out how middle school students spend their pocket money.
目前，针对中学生零用钱的消费方向进行了调查。
5．Last week we did a survey among 1，000 middle school students on “What Do You Do on Weekends？”．
上周我们对1000名中学生做了一项关于“周末做什么”的调查。
6．Last week, a survey was carried out among the students in our school on “Your Safety”．
上周，在我们学校的学生中进行了一项关于“你的安全”的调查。
常用的结束语：
1．As for myself, Thomas Edison is my idol, because his inventions have greatly changed our life.
至于我自己，托马斯·爱迪生是我的偶像，因为他的发明极大地改变了我们的生活。
2．As far as I am concerned, effective measures should be instantly taken to help students to spare time for sleeping.
在我看来，应该立即采取有效措施来帮助学生获得休息时间。
3．In my opinion, we should take action to help students to make good use of study time.
在我看来，我们应当采取措施帮助学生好好利用学习时间。
4．As far as I am concerned, effective measures should be instantly taken to ensure our safety so that we can grow up healthily and securely.
在我看来，应该立即采取有效的措施来确保我们的安全，这样我们才能健康安全地成长。
【写作任务】
目前，针对学生零用钱(pocket money)的消费方向，你对你们市某中学的高中和初中的部分学生进行了问卷调查，得出数据如下表。现请你用英文写一篇调查报告，并发表自己的看法，同时呼吁中学生树立正确的消费观。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
As the diagram shows, both junior students and senior students spend most of their money on books, snacks and playing games, and still some money goes to clothes, banks, sports, and so on. __________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
I hope we students value our money as well as our time.
【审题谋篇】
体裁 调查报告 时态 一般现在时为主
主题 零用钱 人称 第一人称为主
结构 1．首段：介绍一个调查2．中段：积极和消极的发现3．尾段：结论及你的观点
【遣词造句】
Ⅰ.词汇、短语
①snacks　零食； 快餐
②prefer 更喜欢；宁愿
③waste 浪费
④precious 宝贵的
⑤hard-earned 来之不易的
⑥spend money in (doing) sth. 在……上花钱
⑦on the other hand 另一方面
⑧put on weight 体重增加
⑨do harm to 对……有害
⑩result in 导致
Ⅱ.句式、语法
(一)完成句子
①Eating too many snacks will make us put on weight and do harm to our health.
吃太多零食不仅使我们发胖而且危害健康。
②If we play games without limit, we'll lose much precious time and it results in low grades.
如果我们无节制地打游戏，我们就会失去许多珍贵的时间，这会导致成绩下降。
(二)句式升级
①Eating too many snacks will not only make us put on weight but also do harm to our health.
吃太多零食不仅使我们发胖而且危害健康。(not only ...but also ...结构 )
②If we play games without limit, we'll lose much precious time, which results in low grades.
如果我们无节制地打游戏，我们就会失去许多珍贵的时间，这会导致成绩下降。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【妙笔成篇】
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
As the diagram shows，both junior students and senior students spend most of their money on books, snacks and playing games, and still some money goes to clothes, banks, sports, and so on.
The survey shows that about 46% of seniors prefer books to snacks (37%)and playing games (31%). On the other hand, only 32% of juniors will spend their pocket money buying books, while over a half buy snacks and 46% spend money playing games.Both seniors and juniors would not waste too much money in clothes or put it in banks.
In my opinion, eating too many snacks will not only make us put on weight but also do harm to our health.In addition, if we play games without limit, we'll lose much precious time, which results in low grades.Furthermore, the money is hard-earned.
I hope we students value our money as well as our time.
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When his father discovered his son practising on a violin one day, he gave him a beating，saying (say) that he was going to beat the music out of the boy.
2．The tunnels provide a place for the turtles to_slip (slip) into and protect them.
3．In contrast to many other countries, lunch here is not a quick snack consumed (consume) in front of the computer or on the way to a meeting.
4．People with positive attitude are more likely to_succeed (succeed) than those with negative attitude.
5．From then on, his fear of talking before a big audience disappeared. Actually Jack had his confidence built (build) up. Now he turns out to be a good speaker.
6．The applause grew louder and louder and he kept staying (stay).
7．And we also gave him the boiled (boil) rice and water.
8．The TOEFL test is an important step of your journey to_study (study) in an English-speaking country.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
It was her son's first day of second grade, and April Crites worried that he would feel upset.
Conner, 8，was waiting for the doors to open at his school in Wichita on Aug. 14 when he started to cry. His autism sometimes makes him sad, Crites said.While Conner stood alone in a corner crying, his classmate Christian Moore happened to glance over at him.
“Instead of overlooking him like most kids would have, he (Christian) just reached over, held his hand and made my son's day better，” Crites, 29, said Tuesday in an interview.
Christian's mom, Courtney, happened to take a photo of the act of kindness and posted it on the Internet. “It is an honor to raise such a loving, compassionate child！” Courtney wrote. “He's a kid with a big heart, and the first day of school started off right.”
When Conner came home that afternoon, Crites said, he told her that he had a great first day. He liked his new friends and his teacher, she said, and he didn't mention that he had gotten upset at the start of the day. Crites said she didn't even know about her son's communication with Christian until she saw the photo a few days later.
The Crites family has been touched by the attention the photo has received, Crites said.Conner gets excited when his classmates tell him they saw his picture on TV. Crites said her husband, who rarely cries, shed a few tears when he saw the photo.
The lesson, Crites said, is to remember that everyone is struggling with something that may be invisible to those around them.
“You could choose to see someone who's having a really bad day and say something horrible to them and make their day even worse，” Crites said.“Or you could choose the opposite and better route and say something nice, hand someone a tissue who's crying and make their day better.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Conner是一个患有自闭症的男孩。一天，当他在校门口默默流泪时，Christian走过来伸出了温暖的手……
1．How did Christian Moore help Conner
A．By giving a great present.
B．By making a kind gesture.
C．By offering some advice.
D．By saying some nice words.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，当Conner在校门口独自流泪哭泣时，Christian走过来握住了他的手。这一温馨的举动显然是一种善意的姿态和表示(a kind gesture)，故B项正确。
2．How did Conner feel when he got back home that day
A．Upset and regretful.
B．Happy and grateful.
C．Excited and surprised.
D．Sad and disappointed.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，Conner开学的第一天过得非常好，对老师和同学都很满意；再结合前面发生的故事，可以判断他心怀感激，非常开心，故B项正确。
3．What made Conner known to the public
A．Christian's help.
B．Conner's autism.
C．Crites' interview.
D．Courtney's photo.
解析：D　细节理解题。结合第六段和上文可知，正是由于Christian母亲发布在网上的照片，使得Conner成了新闻人物。故D项正确。
4．What message did Crites try to convey in the last paragraph
A．Life is full of ups and downs.
B．We all need help from others.
C．Your choice makes a great difference.
D．Everyone has his or her own troubles.
解析：C　主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知，Crites讲话的核心是：面对一个处于困境中的人，我们可以选择雪上加霜，也可以选择雪中送炭；我们的选择，可以对当事人带来很大的影响。故C项正确。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Each year 1.________(thousand) of tourists visit the polar regions of the Arctic and Antarctica. But the increasing number of people travelling to the ends of the Earth can have 2.________negative effect on fragile ecosystems. Should tourists 3.________(allow) to visit polar regions
About 40，000 tourists visit Antarctica each year. More than five million travel to the Arctic and sub-Arctic. Transporting tourists to the regions 4.________(increase) ship and airplane traffic, adding to the risk of pollution, oil spoils, and other 5.________(environment) damage. Because the places where wildlife is accessible 6.________(be) few in number, tourist traffic can become concentrated in specific areas，7.________(put) Arctic vegetation at risk.
Others say that the access 8.________these very special parts of the world should not be restricted to only researchers and scientists. Polar tourism allows people to develop deep 9.________(person) connections with polar regions. “Those 10.________travel to the Arctic or Antarctica often become cheerleaders for supporting those places.” Jim Sano, vice president for travel and conservation at World Wildlife Fund, told TFK.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。越来越多的人喜欢去极地旅游，而这对南、北极的生态环境产生了很大影响。到底该不该去极地旅游呢？
1．解析：thousands　考查名词。thousands of “成千上万的”。
2．解析：a　考查冠词。have a(n) ... effect on“对……有影响”，negative的读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
3．解析：be allowed　考查非谓语动词。allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，句中sb.作主语，因此此处用被动语态。
4．解析：increases　考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；动名词短语作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
5．解析：environmental　考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词形式。
6．解析：are　考查谓语动词时态和主谓一致。此处叙述的是客观情况，用一般现在时，主语为places，故应用are。
7．解析：putting　考查非谓语动词。此处为现在分词短语作结果状语。
8．解析：to　考查介词。access to为固定短语，意为“接近，有权使用”。
9．解析：personal　考查形容词。修饰名词connections，应用形容词形式。
10．解析：who　考查关系代词。先行词为Those，在定语从句中关系代词作主语，故用who。
Ⅳ.应用文写作
你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一份倡议书，主题为“Live a Low-carbon Life”。内容包括：
1．低碳生活的意义；
2．我们具体该怎么做；
3．呼吁同学们行动起来。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Live a Low-carbon Life
As is known to all, global warming is becoming increasingly serious and it has done great harm to our environment. To improve the situation, we must live a low-carbon life to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Actually, there are many things for us to do. First of all, we must save energy in our daily life, such as water, electricity, and gas. Secondly, we should avoid using single-use products, especially disposable plastic products. Thirdly, form a habit of reusing and recycling whatever you can.
My dear students, we have only one planet. It's everyone's duty to protect it. Let's work together to make our world a better place to live.
The Students' Union
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The writer has won the hearts of millions of children with the rich stories drawn (draw) from her childhood memories.
2．To_receive (receive) your purchases in time, make sure the express company knows your address exactly.
3．Having_completed (complete) his overseas study, he was eventually employed by his dream company.
4．This course is of great interest to students，hoping (hope) to improve their writing skills.
5．Having_made(make)several attempts to fix her cell phone，the young lady decided to have another try.
6．Nowadays, more and more Chinese homes have the technology and equipment needed (need) to do online shopping.
7．Watching basketball games on TV at home is one thing; going to watch them being_performed (perform) live is quite another.
8．She was the first woman to_win(win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
At six years old, Jerry Morrison is already shooting for the stars.“I want to live on another planet，”Jerry told his uncle, Joey Jefferson, at StoryCorps in November.
Jefferson, 29, also fell in love with space at an early age. It started with a spaceship toy his mother gave him when he was a kid.Today he's a mission operations engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab.
Jefferson, who lives in California, and Jerry, who lives in Florida, meet up a few times a year，and their conversations are always about their shared love for space.
“What kind of planet would you live on？” Jerry asked his uncle at StoryCorps.
“Of course everybody's going to say Mars, right Are you gonna say Mars？” Jefferson replied.
No, Jerry wants to live much farther from Mars：on an exoplanet (a planet beyond the solar system) called Kepler-452b.NASA announced its discovery of the Earth-like planet in 2015.
“There're a lot of stars and a lot of exoplanets that we got to find, and so we need people like you to keep doing what you're doing，” Jefferson told Jerry.
Jefferson wants his nephew to not only hold on to his curiosity but also share what he learns with others. And Jerry has already gotten the chance to do that. As a kindergartner last year, he taught a lesson to the fifth graders in his school about the planets of the solar system.
“It was a big opportunity for me，” Jerry said.“I feel so proud.”
Jerry said he learns about space from his uncle. “I learned from you a lot, like more than I could imagine，” Jerry said.
“You're learning so much by yourself, too, that you're teaching me as well，”Jefferson said.“And that's really cool. The more you learn, the more we realize the little things in life we take for granted are the very things that make life possible. So when I look up in the stars, I think about that.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Jerry Morrison是一个6岁的男孩，受其叔叔的影响，他热爱太空并志在太空。
1．What made Jerry Morrison and Joey Jefferson meet now and then
A．A short distance.
B．A similar lifestyle.
C．A close relationship.
D．A common interest.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Jerry Morrison之所以经常和叔叔见面，是因为他们有共同的兴趣爱好。故D项正确。
2．What do we learn about Jerry Morrison
A．He was very stubborn.
B．He was very ambitious.
C．He would work at NASA.
D．He was influenced by his mother.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第六段可知，Jerry Morrison的梦想是到达比火星更远的行星，比叔叔的梦想更加远大。故B项正确。
3．What made Jerry feel very proud
A．Sharing his knowledge.
B．Having strong curiosity.
C．Knowing a lot about space.
D．Having a lesson about space.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第八、九段可知，Jerry Morrison去年在自己的学校给其他孩子上了一节关于太阳系行星的课，这让他感到非常自豪。故A项正确。
4．Which word can best describe Jefferson according to the last paragraph
A．Generous.
B．Humorous.
C．Modest.
D．Hardworking.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Joey Jefferson听到侄儿的感谢后，不但不居功，而且说侄儿也教给他很多东西。可见他非常谦虚，故C项正确。
Ⅲ.七选五
Can't Resist Junk Food Study
Suggests You Try This Simple Trick
You're tired and hungry.Then you catch a whiff of something delicious, probably fried and almost certainly fattening.It is fried chicken！___1___A new research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make healthier food choices.
Let's take a closer look at this process.Have you ever noticed that whatever appetizing treat catches your nose's attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it What will happen if you're standing in line after a couple of minutes？___2___ And recent science says that this is actually the right moment to walk away.
The results of a series of experiments, including field studies at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria, show that extended exposure (of more than two minutes) to junk food smell (e.g.，cookie smell) leads to lower purchases of unhealthy foods compared with healthy smell (e.g.，strawberry smell).___3___That is why long exposure to junk food smell can be as satisfactory as actually having it in your mouth, which in turn decreases the desire for consumption of junk food.
___4___When the exposure to smell of healthy food was examined, food choices were not profoundly influenced.The reason for this is that healthy food are not connected with reward in our brain and therefore have little influence on what we desire.
So next time you're feeling you don't have the willpower to resist that French fries, it might be as simple as sitting there and smelling all that sweetness for just a minute or two.___5___
A.But wait a minute before you order.
B．It's a response that has been researched.
C．Get the satisfaction with none of the calories.
D．It isn't quite as irresistible as it was just moments ago.
E．However, it's not the same case with smell of healthy food.
F．It's the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied.
G．The brain doesn't necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell or taste.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几项抵制垃圾食品诱惑的技巧。
1．解析：A　根据下一句“A new research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make healthier food choices.”可知，暴露在垃圾食品的味道中至少两分钟会帮助你选择健康食品，所以本句与等待时间有关，表达“但是在预订之前先等一下”。故选A。
2．解析：D　根据前文连发的两个问句可知，垃圾食品在第一次被闻到时非常吸引人，那么在排队等了几分钟之后会发生什么呢？根据下一句可知，这恰恰是要离开的时刻。由此判断，设空处在表达“它已经不像几分钟之前那么不可抗拒了”。故选D。
3．解析：G　根据本段开头提示可知，一系列的实验结果表明暴露在垃圾食品的气味中多于两分钟后会导致垃圾食品购买量的下降，在进行客观结果描述；同时，下一句解释闻到气味就如同嘴巴吃到了一样满足。由此判断，设空处应表达“大脑对味觉和嗅觉区分不明显”。故选G。
4．解析：E　根据下一句“当检测健康食物的气味时，食物选择并没有受到很大的影响。”可知，空处内容与健康食物的气味相关，并且表达转折的语义。故选E。
5．解析：F　前句中“it might be as simple as sitting there and smelling all that sweetness for just a minute or two”与选项中“It's the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied. ”承接自然，话题一致。故选F。

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