资源简介

(共87张PPT)
SECTION Ⅱ　LESSON 2 GREENING THE DESERT & LESSON 3 “WHITE BIKES”
ON THE ROAD
Ⅰ.重点单词
(一)词义匹配
语篇研析·教材精读
词
汇
预
习
1.occur
2．proposal
3．region
4．overcome
5．current A.a large area of land that is different from other areas
B．to successfully deal with a problem
C．marks left in the ground by the feet of animals or people
D．the place designated as the end
答案：1－5　GHABI　6－10　EFJCD
6．ordinary
7．parking
8．disappear
9．tracking
10．destination E．not special
F．space in which vehicles can be parked
G．happen or come to one's mind
H．a plan or an idea, often a formal or written one
I．at present
J．become less intense and fade away gradually
(二)结合语境从上面的表格中选择恰当的词填空
1．We ________ many unforeseen difficulties in our daily life.
2．The once powerful figures have also ____________ from the scene one after another.
3．I followed him, ________ him in the snow until he got tired.
4．Spain is still our most popular holiday ___________．
5．In many towns _______ is allowed only on one side of the street.
6．I strongly believe that most ________ people would agree with me.
7．The spokesman said no decision on the ________ was likely in the immediate future.
8．It ________ to me that I had left the door unlocked.
overcame
disappeared
tracking
destination
parking
ordinary
proposal
occurred
(三)写出下列词汇的派生词
1．organize v．组织；筹备→_________ n．组织者，安排者
2．content n．内容adj.满意；满足；愿意v.满足；满意→_________ adj.满意的；满足的
3．agriculture n．农业→____________ adj.农业的
4．survive v. 生存；存活；继续生存→________ n．继续生存，幸存→________ n．幸存者；生还者
5．determine v. 决定→_____________ n．决心；毅力
organiser
contented
agricultural
survival
survivor
determination
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．____________　　想出，想到
2．_________ 充裕的
3．__________ 不久之后
4．_________ 多亏
5．_________________ 对……方便
6．__________ 发生
come up with
plenty of
soon after
thanks to
be convenient for
come about
StepⅠ Pre-reading
Read the title and look at the pictures on Page 36－37 and predict what the text is probably about.
____________________________________________________
教
材
精
读
The text is mainly about “white bikes” in Amsterdam.
StepⅡ While-reading
1．Read the text and answer the following questions.
(1)Why is Amsterdam a good city for cycling
________________________________________________________
(2)When did the“white bikes”return to Amsterdam
________
(3)What effects have“white bikes”had on Amsterdam
_______________________________________________________________
Because it's flat and therefore is convenient for bikes.
In 1999.
People can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in central Amsterdam.
2．Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
(1)Amsterdam is called the “City of Bicycles” because of ______．
A．the cycling fans there
B．the appearance of bicycles
C．the quality of bicycles
D．the convenience for bicycles
(2)In the 1960s, some cycling fans hoped bikes could ______．
A．help to save energy
B．be specially designed
C．be placed anywhere
D．be painted in different colours
(3)Why did the first “white bike” plan fail
A．People were tired of riding bikes.
B．There were not enough parking places.
C．Thieves took all the bikes within weeks.
D．The government allowed people to drive cars freely.
(4)What do people use if they want to take a “white bike” in the city
A．A white key.　　　 B．A special card.
C．A special computer. D．A common chip.
答案：(1)－(4)DACB
3．Read the text carefully and fill in the form.
Time Facts about “White Bikes” in Amsterdam
In the 1960s A group of cycling fans believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren't allowed ①__________________ and only bicycles were.They ②_______ hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in many areas for people to use.Soon after, the“white bikes” all ③___________.
in the city centre
painted
disappeared
Time Facts about “White Bikes” in Amsterdam
In 1999 The “white bikes” ④___________ Amsterdam.And a computer
⑤_______________ was used to record its every move.The new “white bikes” were not actually white but designed with ⑥______ colours and were parked at ⑦______________________.
Now The idea of “white bikes” has ⑧_______________________ and there has been ⑨_________________ in bike-sharing.In China, more and more cities have their own “white bikes” programmes.However, problems also develop and people are trying different ways to find the ⑩_________ to the problems.
returned to
tracking system
bright
special parking places
spread around the world
a global increase
solutions
Step Ⅲ Post-reading
1．Thinking and discussing: Why has the idea spread to other parts of the world in recent years
_____________________
2．Make a summary of the text using your own words.
_____________________
(The answer is open.)
(The answer is open.)
知识探究·讲练互动
【重点词汇】
1．occur vi.发生；出现
Ms Yi had a contented life until a terrible event occurred which changed her life.(教材原句)
易女士过着心满意足的生活，直到一件可怕的事情改变了她的生活。
【语境体验】
①The disease occurs most frequently in rural areas.
这种病最常见于农村地区。
②A good idea occurred to him when he was asked to solve the problem.
当被叫到解决这个问题的时候，他突然想到一个好主意。
③I suppose it never occurred to you to phone the police.
我想你压根儿就没想到给警察打电话吧。
④It occurred to her that she should adopt the homeless child.
她突然想到她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子。
①sth.occurs to sb.　某人想起某事
②It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人想起做某事
③It occurs to sb.that ... 某人想到……
归纳·拓展
【名师指津】　表示 “某人想起……”的短语还有：sth.strikes/hits sb.；es to sb.等。
【学以致用】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Jack was working in the lab when power cut ________ (occur)．
②His name just did not occur __ me.
③__ never occurred to her to ask anyone for help when she was in trouble.
④I suppose it never occurred to him _______ (meet) with such a big problem.
⑤_____________________________ he would make such a great success in the teaching career.
他从来没有想到他会在教学事业中获得如此巨大的成功。
occurred
to
It
to meet
It never occurred to him that
2．overcome vt.克服(困难)；控制(感情)
I have complete respect for her and admire her strength in overcoming such a great personal loss.(教材原句)
我非常尊重她，并钦佩她那种能克服如此巨大个人损失的力量。
【语境体验】
①We can overcome any difficulty.
我们能战胜任何困难。
②Even today, I will be overcome with sorrow whenever I think of the dog.
即使在今天，每当我想到那条狗，我都会感到难过。
③This difficulty could be overcome by the use of money.
这一困难是可以用金钱克服的。
①overcome sth.　　　克服……
②be overcome with 为……所压倒/制服
③be overcome by 被……克服
归纳·拓展
【学以致用】　完成句子
①He has enough courage to _______________________．
他有足够的勇气来克服这个困难。
②I __________________________ to hear him speak such good English.
听到他说那么一口漂亮的英语，我惊奇得不得了。
③We need to overcome difficulties.Don't ___________________．
我们要克服困难，不要被困难压倒。
overcome the difficulty
was overcome with surprise
be overcome by them
3．work through调整(情绪)
My question is: How did Ms Yi Jiefang work through her sadness after her son's death？(教材原句)
我的问题是：易解放女士在儿子死后是如何度过悲痛的？
【语境体验】
①I shall work on that project from next week.
我从下周起将开始那一课题的研究工作。
②You should work out the problem for yourself.
你应该独立解决这个问题。
③I have been working as a teacher since 1998.
自从1998年以来我一直从事教师工作。
①work on　致力于；对……起作用；继续工作；从事于……
②work out 解决；算出；制定出；锻炼
③work as 从事……工作
归纳·拓展
【学以致用】　单句语法填空
①Only in this way can we work ___ the problem.
②She is working __ a new dictionary these days.
③A person who loses his family needs time to work _______ his sorrow.
④I have worked __ a secretary since I graduated from college.
out
on
through
as
4．disappear vi.消失；不见 disappearance n．消失；不见
Soon after, however, problems came up and the “white bikes” all disappeared...(教材原句)
然而，不久后问题出现了，“白色自行车”全部消失不见了……
【语境体验】
①Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing because of the severe pollution.
因为污染严重，许多美丽的鱼类正在快速绝种。
②He disappeared into the dark.
他消失在黑暗中。
③I watched her disappear from my horizon.
我看着她从我的视线消失。
④The sun disappeared behind the clouds.
太阳消失在云层后面。
①disappear into　　消失在……中
②disappear from 从……消失
③disappear behind 消失在……后面
归纳·拓展
【学以致用】　完成句子
①Might the computers ______________ the earth in the near future
电脑在不久的将来有可能从地球上消失吗？
②She made a bow and __________________ the curtain.
她鞠了一个躬，就退到幕后去了。
③The magician made the rabbit ______________ the hat.
魔术师让兔子在帽子里消失了。
disappear from
disappeared behind
disappear into
5．provide vt.提供；供应
They were hopeful that this would help to save energy，reduce pollution and provide free public transport.(教材原句)
他们希望这将有助于节约能源、减少污染和提供免费的公共交通。
【语境体验】
①She provided her father with all the food and money he wanted.
她给她父亲提供他所需要的食物和钱。
②He was very poor because he had to provide for five children.
他很穷，因为他要抚养五个孩子。
①provide sb.with sth.　为某人提供某物
②provide sth.for sb. 为某人提供某物
③provide for 抚养；供养
归纳·拓展
【学以致用】　一句多译
你父母供给你在大学的衣食了吗？
①→Did your parents _______________________________ in the university
②→Did your parents _______________________________ in the university
provide food and clothes for you
provide you with food and clothes
6．come up with想出，想到
In the 1960s，a group of cycling fans came up with an idea.(教材原句)
20世纪60年代，一群自行车爱好者想到了一个主意。
【语境体验】
①He came up with a really creative solution to the problem.
他想到了一个真正具有创造性的解决问题的方案。
②Can you tell me when it came about
你能告诉我这是何时发生的吗？
③I came across my old friend at the office yesterday.
昨天在办公室，我偶然碰见了我的老朋友。
④When it comes to making friends, you cannot be too careful.
一谈到交朋友，你再怎么小心也不为过。
①come up　走近；上来；被提出
②come about 发生；产生
③come across 遇见；(偶然)发现
④come out 出来；出版
⑤come to 苏醒；总计；达到
⑥when it comes to ... (to为介词)当谈到……
归纳·拓展
【学以致用】　单句语法填空
①We came up ____ an interesting idea.
②If I know how it came _______,I will tell you.
③I came ______ my college roommate yesterday.
④When it comes to _________ (educate) children, the Chinese parents think little of money.
⑤His income comes __ one hundred thousand yuan a year.
with
about
across
educating
to
7．thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为
Thanks to the ideas and efforts of many people, like the cycling fans of the 1960s and those who enabled the return of “white bikes”， you can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in central Amsterdam.(教材原句)
多亏了许多人的想法和努力，比如20世纪60年代的自行车爱好者和那些让“白色自行车”回归的人，现在你可以在阿姆斯特丹市中心享受干净的空气和便捷的交通。
【语境体验】
①Thanks for your help.
非常感谢您的帮助。
②Many thanks for your invitation.
非常感谢你的邀请。
③Thanks a lot for everything you did for me.
非常感谢你为我做的一切。
①thanks for　　因……而感谢
②thanks a lot 非常感谢；多谢
③many thanks 多谢，十分感谢
归纳·拓展
【学以致用】　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Thanks __ the disease, I have the opportunity to improve my character.
②Thanks ___ your umbrella.
非常感谢你的支持！
③→____________ for your support!
④→___________ for your support!
to
for
Thanks a lot
Many thanks
【常考句型】
1．People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey，so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.(教材原句)
人们会把自行车放在他们结束旅程的地方，以便其他人就可以从那里把自行车取走并使用它。
【句式剖析】　句中so that引导目的状语从句，从句中含有情态动词could。
【语境体验】
①I will leave so that you can concentrate on your work.
我这就走，以便让你专心工作。
②He came in quietly so that he wouldn't wake his wife up.
他轻轻地进来，为了不把他的妻子吵醒。
③I got up early, so that I caught the first bus.
我起得很早，所以赶上了第一班公共汽车。
④Suddenly it began to rain heavily，so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving.
突然下起了大雨，几乎无法继续开车。
①so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”，可用in order that 替换，从句中常有may，can，could等情态动词。
②so that引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，通常不与情态动词连用，从句前可用逗号与主句隔开。
归纳·拓展
【名师指津】　in order that也可以引导目的状语从句，常与so that互换，so that一般不用于句首，而in order that可用于句首。
【学以致用】　完成句子
①We must study harder _________________________________________．
为了早日实现我们的梦想，我们要更加努力地学习。
②They started out early，__________________________________．
他们早早就出发了，所以没误火车。
③He left early _____________________ he could avoid the traffic jam.
他提前离开是为了避免交通堵塞。
so that we could realize our dreams earlier
so that they didn't miss the train
so that/in order that
2．To take a bicycle, you had to put in a special card.(教材原句)
要骑自行车，你必须放入一张特别的卡。
【句式剖析】　句中to take a bicycle为不定式短语作目的状语。
【语境体验】
①They worked hard to get good marks in the final exams.
为了在期终考试中得到好分数，他们很用功。
②They took exercise every day to keep healthy.
他们为了保持健康每天运动。
③In order to learn spoken English well, he often talks with American friends.
为了学好口语他常常和美国朋友交谈。
④Lily saw many Chinese films so as to know more about China.
莉莉看了很多中国电影以便更多地了解中国。
动词不定式作目的状语通常译为“为了……”，主要有以下三种结构形式：
归纳·拓展
结构形式 位置 说明
(not) to do ... 句首、句尾 位于句首时，表示强调目的。
in order (not)
to do ... 句首、句尾 这种结构形式更能突出目的性，为了表示强调，常置于句首。
so as (not)
to do ... 句尾 这种结构形式也是为了突出状语的目的性，与第二种结构形式所不同的主要是位置的区别。
【学以致用】　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Mr.Zhang does what he can _______ (help) us improve our English.
我们将召开会议来讨论这种不健康的生活方式。
②→We'll hold a meeting ___________________ the unhealthy lifestyle.
③→We' ll hold a meeting ________________ the unhealthy lifestyle.
④→______________________ the unhealthy lifestyle, we'll hold a meeting.
to help
in order to discuss
so as to discuss
To/In order to discuss
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．You can check your baggage right through to its final ___________ (目的地)．
2．He is the _______ (创始人) of International Sports Management Limited.
3．Do you think that they would give up ______(利润) in the name of safety
4．I was ill, and _________(因此) I could not come.
5．There is no _______ (停车)here between 9：00 a．m.and 6：00 p．m.
6．Whenever he returns to this place he is happy and _________ (心满意足)．
7．This is the only ____(小径) through the forest.
8．Microcomputers have been used in radar ________ (跟踪)．
随堂训练·巩固提升
destination
founder
profit
therefore
parking
contented
path
tracking
Ⅱ.选词填空
be convenient for；come about；soon after；plenty of；thanks to；come up with
1．Is this the best answer that you can _____________
2．I need _________ time to finish the work.
3．____________,in 1945, they were married.
4．_________ his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
5．If it _________________ you, we'll come tomorrow.
6．I expect something to __________ soon.
come up with
plenty of
Soon after
Thanks to
is convenient for
come about
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．They urged that we take ______(act)on this matter immediately.
2．I believed that I can make _ difference in this world.
3．The sun ___________ (appear) behind a cloud.
4．If it is __________ (convenience) to you, please go for my party this Sunday.
5．I'm _______ (hope) that they'll finish the task on time.
6．In order to make air clean, we must fight _______ pollution.
action
a
disappeared
convenient
hopeful
against
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Amsterdam is a city where people enjoy 1._______ (cycle) because it's flat.Cycling fans in Amsterdam first had the idea of “white bikes” in the 1960s.They painted hundreds of bikes white and left them around the city centre for anybody 2.______ (use) because they were 3._______(hope) that this would help to save energy, reduce pollution and provide free public transport.4._____________ (fortunate), in a matter of weeks, the “white bikes” all 5.___________ (disappear)．In the 1990s, “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam—this time with
cycling
to use
hopeful
Unfortunately
disappeared
some high-tech security measures, for example，a computer tracking system.Now bike-sharing programmes 6.____ “white bikes” have become popular all around the world, 7._________(include) China, 8._____ more and more people use shared bikes in cities.But problems do sometimes develop, like the stealing of bikes and 9._______ (park) issues.However, people are trying different ways 10._______ (find) solutions to those problems.
like
including
where
parking
to find
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It occurred __ me that I could have the book sent to me.
2．_______ (keep)warm in the cold open air, he put on a thick coat and wore a cap.
3．The drought has severely affected ____________(agriculture) production.
4．I believed in myself.I was sure I could make my dream ____ (come)true.
5．An animal's sense of smell is still crucial to its ________ (survive).
课时规范训练
to
To keep
agricultural
come
survival
Ⅱ.完形填空
Among those who guard and protect the Great Wall of China is Liu Hongyan, a 45-year-old resident in Shixia village.
As a child, Liu enjoyed stories and scenery __1__ by her uncle, who had been dedicated to protecting the Great Wall.
In 2019, when her village recruited full-time guardians for the Great Wall, she saw a(n)__2__ to follow in her uncle's footsteps.
Liu was __3__ as one of the guardians after a tough vetting __4__—a written exam, interview and physical test—that weeded out many. She __5__ shared the news with her uncle, who was glad to pass the baton to his niece.
__6__ by the early morning sun, Liu patrols a 20-kilometer stretch of the Great Wall with her team members every weekday for six to seven hours.
She navigates gravelly mountain routes and steep ascents with supplies on her back. Her tasks __7__ from collecting trash and clearing weeds to recording signs of damage to the Great Wall's structure.
The greatest __8__， however, is dealing with illegal visitors. Some tourists, unaware of the regulations and laws for protecting the Great Wall, __9__ to climb the non-public sections and __10__ tents on the wall.
Over time, she has seen __11__ in how people treat the Great Wall.“Graffiti and trash are less __12__ now. More volunteers join in cleanup events with an increased __13__ of preservation，” she said.
She explained the need to__14__ tourism with conservation, hoping the introduction of visitor trails will __15__ people to experience the legacy while keeping it under good protection.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。刘红岩是一名长城环卫工作者。像所有长城守护者一样，她默默付出，力求在旅游发展和文化遗产保护之间取得平衡。
1．A.shared　　　　　　　 B．discovered
C．composed D．revised
解析：A　根据上文提到的“stories and scenery”可知，这里应该是刘红岩舅舅所“分享”的故事和美景。
2．A.approach B．course
C．opportunity D．condition
解析：C　根据下文可知，刘红岩经过一些审查和面试后成为一名长城的守护者，也就是说，她看到了一个效仿她舅舅成为长城守护者的“机会”。
3．A.selected B．appointed
C．demanded D．confirmed
解析：A　根据下文“after a tough vetting”可知，刘红岩是被“选拔”为一名长城守护者。
4．A.requirement B．process
C．contest D．project
解析：B　根据下文“a written exam, interview and physical test”可知，刘红岩经过了一系列的审查“过程”。
5．A.gradually B．generously
C．patiently D．proudly
解析：D　由于审查和面试通过，刘红岩应该是“自豪地”把这个消息告诉舅舅。
6．A.Influenced B．Inspired
C．Attracted D．Accompanied
解析：D　在清晨阳光的“陪伴”下，刘红岩和她的团队成员每个工作日都要在20公里长的长城上巡逻6到7个小时。
7．A.differ B．extend
C．range D．spread
解析：C　她的任务包括收集垃圾、清除杂草，以及记录长城结构受损的情况。range from ...to ...这里表示“涉及；包括”。
8．A.challenge B．chance
C．risk D．solution
解析：A　根据下文“dealing with illegal visitors”可知，这是刘红岩所面临的一项“挑战”。
9．A.manage B．attempt
C．refuse D．propose
解析：B　一些游客不知道保护长城的法规和法律，“试图”爬上非公共开放部分。
10．A.use up B．turn up
C．make up D．set up
解析：D　这些游客还试图在长城上“搭”帐篷。set up tents意为“搭帐篷”。
11．A.failures B．improvements
C．difficulties D．influences
解析：B　下文提到的都是一些游客在旅游行为和保护环境方面的“改善和进步”。
12．A.obvious B．common
C．abstract D．popular
解析：B　现在长城上的涂鸦和垃圾不那么“常见”了。
13．A.concept B．definition
C．awareness D．solution
解析：C　根据“More volunteers join in cleanup events”可知，人们的环保“意识”不断增强，越来越多的志愿者加入清理活动中来。
14．A.balance B．connect
C．associate D．apply
解析：A　刘红岩解释说，我们需要在旅游发展和文化遗产保护之间取得平衡。balance A with B意为“在A和B之间取得平衡”。
15．A.request B．demand
C．expect D．allow
解析：D　她希望游客小径的引入能让人们在体验长城这一文化遗产的同时，对其进行良好的保护。

Ⅲ.语法填空
This story happened in the Warring States period, when China was not 1.________ unified country. There were many wars between different states. To become 2.________ (strong) and more powerful, the states carried out different reforms. The most 3.________ (influence) one was the reform introduced by Shang Yang.
Shang Yang was a statesman 4.________ successful reforms in the state of Qin paved the way for the eventual unification of the Chinese empire by the Qin Dynasty. He worked out a series of reform plans for the state, but at the beginning, only a few people in the state understood Shang's talent and the 5.________ (advantage) of his plans. Most people had little trust and confidence in him.
To solve this problem, Shang came up with an idea. He ordered some soldiers 6.________ (put) a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the Qin state capital, which attracted many people. Then, in front of the crowd, he said loudly: “Whoever takes this pole to the north gate 7.________ (get) a reward of 10 gold pieces.”
It was a simple task and the reward was big. However, some time passed and no one stepped forward, 8.________ they all thought that Shang was joking.
9.________ (hear) no answer, Shang stepped forward and said, “I will increase the reward to 50 gold pieces.”
This offer was even more unbelievable.Finally, a man from the crowd came forward to take the pole. He put the pole on his shoulders and walked to the north gate. True 10.________ his word, Shang paid the man 50 gold pieces.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我国战国时期政治家商鞅“立木取信”的故事，说明诚信的重要性。
1．解析：a　考查冠词。由于本空后面的核心词是可数名词country，且unified发音以辅音音素开头，因此这里应该用不定冠词a。
2．解析：stronger　考查形容词比较级。本空所填词与后面的more powerful并列，因此这里应该用形容词比较级形式。
3．解析：influential　考查形容词。本空后面的one指代名词reform，因此这里应该用一个形容词来修饰它。
4．解析：whose　考查定语从句。本空后面是名词词组successful reforms，因此这里用关系代词whose引导一个定语从句，whose在从句中作定语。
5．解析：advantages　考查名词复数。根据语境可知，这里指商鞅变法方案的“优点”，应该用复数形式。
6．解析：to put　考查非谓语动词。order sb. to do sth.是固定表达，因此这里用动词不定式形式。
7．解析：will get　考查时态。这句话是商鞅当时对未来的承诺，由于引号里是他的原话，因此应该用一般将来时。
8．解析：because　考查状语从句。根据语境可知，这里“they all thought that Shang was joking”是他们不响应商鞅号令的“原因”，因此用because引导一个原因状语从句。
9．解析：Hearing　考查非谓语动词。本句第一个逗号前面是状语，且句子主语Shang与hear之间是主动关系，因此用动词-ing形式。
10．解析：to　考查介词。true to one's word是一个固定表达，意为“某人说话算数”。
课时规范训练
点击进入WORD链接
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Population could live in cities.In addition, the population could increase to 9.1 billion people during that time yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same.If current farming practices don't change, we will need an area of new land to produce enough food for the planet.
Vertical farms, where urban farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution.In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make it a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops.
课时规范训练
Vertical farms would have many advantages, supporters say.Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming could be free of chemicals and diseases.Besides, crops would not suffer from problems like flooding.Finally, vertical farms would reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over long distances.
Some argue that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day, it wouldn't be enough.For this reason, vertical farms would need additional light sources, such as artificial light.
Another way of growing fresh food is to build urban farms on rooftops.This more practical approach may be more achievable than the idea of farms in skyscrapers, researchers suggest.Experts agree that innovative farming practices are needed to support the need for more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer, but the best ideas could be yet to come.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。人口的增长引起人均耕种土地的减少，进而可能导致粮食供应的不足。科学家提出了解决这一问题的一些大胆设想，包括垂直农场，在屋顶建造城市农场等等。
1．What primary problem could vertical farming settle
A．Poor state of rural life.
B．Shortage of food supply.
C．High cost for transporting crops.
D．Environmental pollution by transitional farmings.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句(如果目前的耕作方式不改变，我们将需要一些新的土地来为地球生产足够的粮食)以及第二段第一句(垂直农场，城镇农民可以在环保的摩天大楼里种植作物，这可能是解决办法)可知，人口的不断增长可能导致耕种土地不够，进而会导致粮食的短缺，垂直农场就是可以在大楼里面种植农作物，解决了因为耕种土地不够而导致的粮食短缺。故选B。
2．What is the advantage of vertical farming
A．It can produce organic food.
B．It requires little care.
C．It can benefit transport industry.
D．It needs very low cost.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Vertical farms would have many advantages, supporters say. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming could be free of chemicals and diseases.”可知，垂直农场的优点是农作物是原生态的，不使用化学物质。故选A。
3．What is a big challenge to make vertical farming a reality
A．Farmable land. B．Crop diseases.
C．Light sources. D．Climate conditions.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段“Some argue that ..., such as artificial light.”可知，垂直农场中的农作物种植在玻璃建筑物里面，白天获得的光照可能不够，因此需要额外补充光源。也就是说，实现垂直农场最大的挑战是C项(光源)。故选C。
4．What can be the best title of the test
A．Future Food Needs
B．Symbol of Urban Life
C．Farming on Rooftops
D．Farms of the Future
解析：D　标题归纳题。文章第一段提出了因为人口的增长，人均耕种土地的减少，可能导致粮食的缺乏；第二、第三、第四自然段阐述垂直农场可能解决这个问题，以及垂直农场的优势和缺乏光源的挑战；最后一段又提出了在屋顶建造城市农场；再结合最后一句中“but the best ideas could be yet to come”可知，最好的解决办法还没有出现，未来的农场还需要去研究。因此本文主要阐述未来的农场，最好的题目是D(未来的农场)。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
Most people have practiced some form of hobby at a point in their lives，whether it is some form of sports，playing a musical instrument，creating art，cooking or something else.There are many different reasons and skills for taking up a hobby.
Realize you have more time than you think.
This is probably the one thing that keeps most people back from practicing a hobby.__1__ But we waste so much time on social media, television commercials and worrying about life which we could have used to practice a hobby.Schedule some time for a hobby into your day.Plan ahead and just do it.
Involve other people.
Why Well, have you ever noticed that you stick to something longer when you feel that you cannot let another person down So，get someone to jog with you, or make music with you or share recipes with you.Plus, you will inspire them to keep on practicing their hobby.__2__
Put your money where your mouth is.
__3__ So give out a bit of your budget to your hobby of choice so that you cannot blame a lack of “materials” for not doing anything.
__4__
For me，this has been the most important step in going out and doing a hobby.If you jog, decide which races you want to do this year.If you practice music，organize a concert.
Find the pleasure in what you do.
As with most things，starting of getting something ready to start can be difficult.But don't give up.___5___
A．It is a total win-win.
B．Work towards something.
C．Think of a hobby that might interest you.
D．Others' help will definitely do you good.
E．You think that you don't have enough time to even start.
F．The fact is that people spend money where their heart is.
G．Once you have started you'll find the beauty and relaxation in it.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。大多数人在他们的生活中培养过某种形式的爱好。文章阐述了培养爱好的原因和技巧。
1．解析：E　根据小标题“意识到你有比你想象的更多的时间”，以及空后的“But we waste to much time ...”可知，E项“你认为你没有时间”符合语境。故选E。
2．解析：A　根据Involve other people.部分的内容可知，作者建议人们邀请别人和自己一起做一些事情，这样不仅激励了自己也激励了别人，这是一种双赢的事情。故选A。
3．解析：F　根据空后的“So give out a bit of your budget to your hobby of choice so that you cannot blame a lack of ‘materials’for not doing anything.”可知，你要拿出一部分预算花费到你的爱好上。由此可知，F项“事实上，你花钱是花在你心仪的事情上”符合语境。故选F。
4．解析：B　设空处为段落小标题。根据空后的“If you jog, decide which races you want to do this year. If you practice music, organize a concert.”可知，B项“努力做某事”符合语境。故选B。
5．解析：G　根据小标题“在你所做的事情中找到乐趣”以及空前的内容可知，G项“一旦开始，你就会从中发现美和放松”，符合语境。故选G。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The Australian Koala Foundation says Australia 1.________ (lose) about 30 percent of its koalas over the past three years. The non-profit group says drought, wildfires and development 2.________ (project) played a part in the drop in the koala population. They are urging the government to do more 3.________ (protect) the creature's environment.
The group estimated the koala population has dropped to less than 58，000 this year 4.________ more than 80，000 in 2018. The 5.________ (big) decrease was in the state of New South Wales, 6.________ the numbers have dropped by 41 percent.
Deborah Tabart leads the Australian Koala Foundation. She called the drop “quite dramatic”．
Tabart said the country needs a koala protection law. She added, “What we're 7.________ (concern) about is places like western New South Wales where the drought over the last ten years has just had this cumulative (累积的) effect—river systems have been completely dry for years, river red gum plants, which are the lifeblood of koalas, dead.”
8.________ loss in New South Wales likely sped up after large forest areas 9.________ (destroy) by wildfires in late 2019 and early 2020. But some of those areas already had no koalas.
Land clearing by property developers and road builders has also destroyed the koala's environment.
“I think everyone gets it, we've got to change. But if those bulldozers keep 10.________ (work), then I really fear for the koalas，” Tabart said.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。根据澳大利亚树袋熊基金会的报告，在过去的三年里，澳大利亚树袋熊的数量减少了百分之三十。
1．解析：has lost　考查时态。本句时间状语为over the past three years，因此用现在完成时。
2．解析：projects　考查名词复数。project为可数名词，这里需要用复数形式。
3．解析：to protect　考查非谓语动词。这里动词不定式短语to protect the creature's environment作句子的目的状语。
4．解析：from　考查介词。这里表示树袋熊的数量由2018年的超过80 000降低到现在的不到58 000。
5．解析：biggest　考查形容词最高级。这里表示新南威尔士州树袋熊数量的减少是“最严重的”，因此用形容词最高级形式。
6．解析：where　考查定语从句。本空格前面的New South Wales是先行词，关系副词where引导一个非限制性定语从句。
7．解析：concerned　考查形容词。be concerned about是一个固定短语，这里concerned作表语。
8．解析：The　考查冠词。这里特指新南威尔士州树袋熊数量的减少，因此填入定冠词the，位于句首，首字母需大写。
9．解析：were destroyed　考查时态和语态。本句表示大部分森林“被山火毁坏”，且时间状语为in late 2019 and early 2020，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
10．解析：working　考查非谓语动词。keep doing sth.是固定用法，表示“一直做某事”。SECTION Ⅱ　LESSON 2 GREENING THE DESERT &
LESSON 3 “WHITE BIKES” ON THE ROAD
Ⅰ.重点单词
(一)词义匹配
1．occur2．proposal 3．region4．overcome 5．current 6．ordinary 7．parking 8．disappear 9．tracking 10．destination A.a large area of land that is different from other areasB．to successfully deal with a problemC．marks left in the ground by the feet of animals or peopleD．the place designated as the end E．not specialF．space in which vehicles can be parkedG．happen or come to one's mindH．a plan or an idea, often a formal or written oneI．at presentJ．become less intense and fade away gradually
答案：1－5　GHABI　6－10　EFJCD
(二)结合语境从上面的表格中选择恰当的词填空
1．We overcame many unforeseen difficulties in our daily life.
2．The once powerful figures have also disappeared from the scene one after another.
3．I followed him, tracking him in the snow until he got tired.
4．Spain is still our most popular holiday destination．
5．In many towns parking is allowed only on one side of the street.
6．I strongly believe that most ordinary people would agree with me.
7．The spokesman said no decision on the proposal was likely in the immediate future.
8．It occurred to me that I had left the door unlocked.
(三)写出下列词汇的派生词
1．organize v．组织；筹备→organiser n．组织者，安排者
2．content n．内容adj.满意；满足；愿意v.满足；满意→contented adj.满意的；满足的
3．agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的
4．survive v. 生存；存活；继续生存→survival n．继续生存，幸存→survivor n．幸存者；生还者
5．determine v. 决定→determination n．决心；毅力
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．come up with　想出，想到
2．plenty of 充裕的
3．soon after 不久之后
4．thanks to 多亏
5．be convenient for 对……方便
6．come about 发生
StepⅠ Pre-reading
Read the title and look at the pictures on Page 36－37 and predict what the text is probably about.
The text is mainly about “white bikes” in Amsterdam.
StepⅡ While-reading
1．Read the text and answer the following questions.
(1)Why is Amsterdam a good city for cycling
Because it's flat and therefore is convenient for bikes.
(2)When did the“white bikes”return to Amsterdam
In 1999.
(3)What effects have“white bikes”had on Amsterdam
People can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in central Amsterdam.
2．Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
(1)Amsterdam is called the “City of Bicycles” because of ______．
A．the cycling fans there
B．the appearance of bicycles
C．the quality of bicycles
D．the convenience for bicycles
(2)In the 1960s, some cycling fans hoped bikes could ______．
A．help to save energy
B．be specially designed
C．be placed anywhere
D．be painted in different colours
(3)Why did the first “white bike” plan fail
A．People were tired of riding bikes.
B．There were not enough parking places.
C．Thieves took all the bikes within weeks.
D．The government allowed people to drive cars freely.
(4)What do people use if they want to take a “white bike” in the city
A．A white key.　　　 B．A special card.
C．A special computer. D．A common chip.
答案：(1)－(4)DACB
3．Read the text carefully and fill in the form.
Time Facts about “White Bikes” in Amsterdam
In the 1960s A group of cycling fans believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren't allowed ①in the city centre and only bicycles were.They ②painted hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in many areas for people to use.Soon after, the“white bikes” all ③disappeared.
In 1999 The “white bikes” ④returned to Amsterdam.And a computer ⑤tracking system was used to record its every move.The new “white bikes” were not actually white but designed with ⑥bright colours and were parked at ⑦special parking places.
Now The idea of “white bikes” has ⑧spread around the world and there has been ⑨a global increase in bike-sharing.In China, more and more cities have their own “white bikes” programmes.However, problems also develop and people are trying different ways to find the ⑩solutions to the problems.
Step Ⅲ Post-reading
1．Thinking and discussing: Why has the idea spread to other parts of the world in recent years
(The answer is open.)
2．Make a summary of the text using your own words.
(The answer is open.)
【重点词汇】
1．occur vi.发生；出现
Ms Yi had a contented life until a terrible event occurred which changed her life.(教材原句)
易女士过着心满意足的生活，直到一件可怕的事情改变了她的生活。
【语境体验】
①The disease occurs most frequently in rural areas.
这种病最常见于农村地区。
②A good idea occurred to him when he was asked to solve the problem.
当被叫到解决这个问题的时候，他突然想到一个好主意。
③I suppose it never occurred to you to phone the police.
我想你压根儿就没想到给警察打电话吧。
④It occurred to her that she should adopt the homeless child.
她突然想到她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子。
①sth.occurs to sb.　　　某人想起某事
②It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人想起做某事
③It occurs to sb.that ... 某人想到……
【名师指津】　表示 “某人想起……”的短语还有：sth.strikes/hits sb.；es to sb.等。
【学以致用】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Jack was working in the lab when power cut occurred (occur)．
②His name just did not occur to me.
③It never occurred to her to ask anyone for help when she was in trouble.
④I suppose it never occurred to him to meet (meet) with such a big problem.
⑤It never occurred to him that he would make such a great success in the teaching career.
他从来没有想到他会在教学事业中获得如此巨大的成功。
2．overcome vt.克服(困难)；控制(感情)
I have complete respect for her and admire her strength in overcoming such a great personal loss.(教材原句)
我非常尊重她，并钦佩她那种能克服如此巨大个人损失的力量。
【语境体验】
①We can overcome any difficulty.
我们能战胜任何困难。
②Even today, I will be overcome with sorrow whenever I think of the dog.
即使在今天，每当我想到那条狗，我都会感到难过。
③This difficulty could be overcome by the use of money.
这一困难是可以用金钱克服的。
①overcome sth.　克服……
②be overcome with 为……所压倒/制服
③be overcome by 被……克服
【学以致用】　完成句子
①He has enough courage to overcome the difficulty．
他有足够的勇气来克服这个困难。
②I was overcome with surprise to hear him speak such good English.
听到他说那么一口漂亮的英语，我惊奇得不得了。
③We need to overcome difficulties.Don't be overcome by them．
我们要克服困难，不要被困难压倒。
3．work through调整(情绪)
My question is: How did Ms Yi Jiefang work through her sadness after her son's death？(教材原句)
我的问题是：易解放女士在儿子死后是如何度过悲痛的？
【语境体验】
①I shall work on that project from next week.
我从下周起将开始那一课题的研究工作。
②You should work out the problem for yourself.
你应该独立解决这个问题。
③I have been working as a teacher since 1998.
自从1998年以来我一直从事教师工作。
①work on　致力于；对……起作用；继续工作；从事于……
②work out 解决；算出；制定出；锻炼
③work as 从事……工作
【学以致用】　单句语法填空
①Only in this way can we work out the problem.
②She is working on a new dictionary these days.
③A person who loses his family needs time to work through his sorrow.
④I have worked as a secretary since I graduated from college.
4．disappear vi.消失；不见 disappearance n．消失；不见
Soon after, however, problems came up and the “white bikes” all disappeared...(教材原句)
然而，不久后问题出现了，“白色自行车”全部消失不见了……
【语境体验】
①Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing because of the severe pollution.
因为污染严重，许多美丽的鱼类正在快速绝种。
②He disappeared into the dark.
他消失在黑暗中。
③I watched her disappear from my horizon.
我看着她从我的视线消失。
④The sun disappeared behind the clouds.
太阳消失在云层后面。
①disappear into　消失在……中
②disappear from 从……消失
③disappear behind 消失在……后面
【学以致用】　完成句子
①Might the computers disappear from the earth in the near future
电脑在不久的将来有可能从地球上消失吗？
②She made a bow and disappeared behind the curtain.
她鞠了一个躬，就退到幕后去了。
③The magician made the rabbit disappear into the hat.
魔术师让兔子在帽子里消失了。
5．provide vt.提供；供应
They were hopeful that this would help to save energy，reduce pollution and provide free public transport.(教材原句)
他们希望这将有助于节约能源、减少污染和提供免费的公共交通。
【语境体验】
①She provided her father with all the food and money he wanted.
她给她父亲提供他所需要的食物和钱。
②He was very poor because he had to provide for five children.
他很穷，因为他要抚养五个孩子。
①provide sb.with sth.　为某人提供某物
②provide sth.for sb. 为某人提供某物
③provide for 抚养；供养
【学以致用】　一句多译
你父母供给你在大学的衣食了吗？
①→Did your parents provide food and clothes for you in the university
②→Did your parents provide you with food and clothes in the university
6．come up with想出，想到
In the 1960s，a group of cycling fans came up with an idea.(教材原句)
20世纪60年代，一群自行车爱好者想到了一个主意。
【语境体验】
①He came up with a really creative solution to the problem.
他想到了一个真正具有创造性的解决问题的方案。
②Can you tell me when it came about
你能告诉我这是何时发生的吗？
③I came across my old friend at the office yesterday.
昨天在办公室，我偶然碰见了我的老朋友。
④When it comes to making friends, you cannot be too careful.
一谈到交朋友，你再怎么小心也不为过。
①come up　走近；上来；被提出
②come about 发生；产生
③come across 遇见；(偶然)发现
④come out 出来；出版
⑤come to 苏醒；总计；达到
⑥when it comes to ... (to为介词)当谈到……
【学以致用】　单句语法填空
①We came up with an interesting idea.
②If I know how it came about, I will tell you.
③I came across my college roommate yesterday.
④When it comes to educating (educate) children, the Chinese parents think little of money.
⑤His income comes to one hundred thousand yuan a year.
7．thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为
Thanks to the ideas and efforts of many people, like the cycling fans of the 1960s and those who enabled the return of “white bikes”， you can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in central Amsterdam.(教材原句)
多亏了许多人的想法和努力，比如20世纪60年代的自行车爱好者和那些让“白色自行车”回归的人，现在你可以在阿姆斯特丹市中心享受干净的空气和便捷的交通。
【语境体验】
①Thanks for your help.
非常感谢您的帮助。
②Many thanks for your invitation.
非常感谢你的邀请。
③Thanks a lot for everything you did for me.
非常感谢你为我做的一切。
①thanks for　因……而感谢
②thanks a lot 非常感谢；多谢
③many thanks 多谢，十分感谢
【学以致用】　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Thanks to the disease, I have the opportunity to improve my character.
②Thanks for your umbrella.
非常感谢你的支持！
③→Thanks a lot for your support!
④→Many thanks for your support!
【常考句型】
1．People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey，so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.(教材原句)
人们会把自行车放在他们结束旅程的地方，以便其他人就可以从那里把自行车取走并使用它。
【句式剖析】　句中so that引导目的状语从句，从句中含有情态动词could。
【语境体验】
①I will leave so that you can concentrate on your work.
我这就走，以便让你专心工作。
②He came in quietly so that he wouldn't wake his wife up.
他轻轻地进来，为了不把他的妻子吵醒。
③I got up early, so that I caught the first bus.
我起得很早，所以赶上了第一班公共汽车。
④Suddenly it began to rain heavily，so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving.
突然下起了大雨，几乎无法继续开车。
①so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”，可用in order that 替换，从句中常有may，can，could等情态动词。
②so that引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，通常不与情态动词连用，从句前可用逗号与主句隔开。
【名师指津】　in order that也可以引导目的状语从句，常与so that互换，so that一般不用于句首，而in order that可用于句首。
【学以致用】　完成句子
①We must study harder so that we could realize our dreams earlier．
为了早日实现我们的梦想，我们要更加努力地学习。
②They started out early，so that they didn't miss the train．
他们早早就出发了，所以没误火车。
③He left early so that/in order that he could avoid the traffic jam.
他提前离开是为了避免交通堵塞。
2．To take a bicycle, you had to put in a special card.(教材原句)
要骑自行车，你必须放入一张特别的卡。
【句式剖析】　句中to take a bicycle为不定式短语作目的状语。
【语境体验】
①They worked hard to get good marks in the final exams.
为了在期终考试中得到好分数，他们很用功。
②They took exercise every day to keep healthy.
他们为了保持健康每天运动。
③In order to learn spoken English well, he often talks with American friends.
为了学好口语他常常和美国朋友交谈。
④Lily saw many Chinese films so as to know more about China.
莉莉看了很多中国电影以便更多地了解中国。
动词不定式作目的状语通常译为“为了……”，主要有以下三种结构形式：
结构形式 位置 说明
(not) to do ... 句首、句尾 位于句首时，表示强调目的。
in order (not)to do ... 句首、句尾 这种结构形式更能突出目的性，为了表示强调，常置于句首。
so as (not) to do ... 句尾 这种结构形式也是为了突出状语的目的性，与第二种结构形式所不同的主要是位置的区别。
【学以致用】　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Mr.Zhang does what he can to help (help) us improve our English.
我们将召开会议来讨论这种不健康的生活方式。
②→We'll hold a meeting in order to discuss the unhealthy lifestyle.
③→We' ll hold a meeting so as to discuss the unhealthy lifestyle.
④→To/In order to discuss the unhealthy lifestyle, we'll hold a meeting.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．You can check your baggage right through to its final destination (目的地)．
2．He is the founder (创始人) of International Sports Management Limited.
3．Do you think that they would give up profit(利润) in the name of safety
4．I was ill, and therefore(因此) I could not come.
5．There is no parking (停车)here between 9：00 a．m.and 6：00 p．m.
6．Whenever he returns to this place he is happy and contented (心满意足)．
7．This is the only path(小径) through the forest.
8．Microcomputers have been used in radar tracking (跟踪)．
Ⅱ.选词填空
be convenient for；come about；soon after；plenty of；thanks to；come up with
1．Is this the best answer that you can come up with
2．I need plenty of time to finish the work.
3．Soon after, in 1945, they were married.
4．Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
5．If it is convenient for you, we'll come tomorrow.
6．I expect something to come about soon.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．They urged that we take action(act)on this matter immediately.
2．I believed that I can make a difference in this world.
3．The sun disappeared (appear) behind a cloud.
4．If it is convenient (convenience) to you, please go for my party this Sunday.
5．I'm hopeful (hope) that they'll finish the task on time.
6．In order to make air clean, we must fight against pollution.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Amsterdam is a city where people enjoy 1．cycling (cycle) because it's flat.Cycling fans in Amsterdam first had the idea of “white bikes” in the 1960s.They painted hundreds of bikes white and left them around the city centre for anybody 2.to use (use) because they were 3.hopeful(hope) that this would help to save energy, reduce pollution and provide free public transport.4.Unfortunately (fortunate), in a matter of weeks, the “white bikes” all 5.disappeared (disappear)．In the 1990s, “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam—this time with some high-tech security measures, for example，a computer tracking system.Now bike-sharing programmes 6.like “white bikes” have become popular all around the world, 7.including(include) China, 8.where more and more people use shared bikes in cities.But problems do sometimes develop, like the stealing of bikes and 9.parking (park) issues.However, people are trying different ways 10.to find (find) solutions to those problems.
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me.
2．To_keep (keep)warm in the cold open air, he put on a thick coat and wore a cap.
3．The drought has severely affected agricultural(agriculture) production.
4．I believed in myself.I was sure I could make my dream come (come)true.
5．An animal's sense of smell is still crucial to its survival (survive).
Ⅱ.完形填空
Among those who guard and protect the Great Wall of China is Liu Hongyan, a 45-year-old resident in Shixia village.
As a child, Liu enjoyed stories and scenery __1__ by her uncle, who had been dedicated to protecting the Great Wall.
In 2019, when her village recruited full-time guardians for the Great Wall, she saw a(n)__2__ to follow in her uncle's footsteps.
Liu was __3__ as one of the guardians after a tough vetting __4__—a written exam, interview and physical test—that weeded out many. She __5__ shared the news with her uncle, who was glad to pass the baton to his niece.
__6__ by the early morning sun, Liu patrols a 20-kilometer stretch of the Great Wall with her team members every weekday for six to seven hours.
She navigates gravelly mountain routes and steep ascents with supplies on her back. Her tasks __7__ from collecting trash and clearing weeds to recording signs of damage to the Great Wall's structure.
The greatest __8__， however, is dealing with illegal visitors. Some tourists, unaware of the regulations and laws for protecting the Great Wall, __9__ to climb the non-public sections and __10__ tents on the wall.
Over time, she has seen __11__ in how people treat the Great Wall.“Graffiti and trash are less __12__ now. More volunteers join in cleanup events with an increased __13__ of preservation，” she said.
She explained the need to__14__ tourism with conservation, hoping the introduction of visitor trails will __15__ people to experience the legacy while keeping it under good protection.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。刘红岩是一名长城环卫工作者。像所有长城守护者一样，她默默付出，力求在旅游发展和文化遗产保护之间取得平衡。
1．A.shared　　　　　　　 B．discovered
C.composed D．revised
解析：A　根据上文提到的“stories and scenery”可知，这里应该是刘红岩舅舅所“分享”的故事和美景。
2．A.approach B．course
C.opportunity D．condition
解析：C　根据下文可知，刘红岩经过一些审查和面试后成为一名长城的守护者，也就是说，她看到了一个效仿她舅舅成为长城守护者的“机会”。
3．A.selected B．appointed
C.demanded D．confirmed
解析：A　根据下文“after a tough vetting”可知，刘红岩是被“选拔”为一名长城守护者。
4．A.requirement B．process
C.contest D．project
解析：B　根据下文“a written exam, interview and physical test”可知，刘红岩经过了一系列的审查“过程”。
5．A.gradually B．generously
C.patiently D．proudly
解析：D　由于审查和面试通过，刘红岩应该是“自豪地”把这个消息告诉舅舅。
6．A.Influenced B．Inspired
C.Attracted D．Accompanied
解析：D　在清晨阳光的“陪伴”下，刘红岩和她的团队成员每个工作日都要在20公里长的长城上巡逻6到7个小时。
7．A.differ B．extend
C.range D．spread
解析：C　她的任务包括收集垃圾、清除杂草，以及记录长城结构受损的情况。range from ...to ...这里表示“涉及；包括”。
8．A.challenge B．chance
C.risk D．solution
解析：A　根据下文“dealing with illegal visitors”可知，这是刘红岩所面临的一项“挑战”。
9．A.manage B．attempt
C.refuse D．propose
解析：B　一些游客不知道保护长城的法规和法律，“试图”爬上非公共开放部分。
10．A.use up B．turn up
C.make up D．set up
解析：D　这些游客还试图在长城上“搭”帐篷。set up tents意为“搭帐篷”。
11．A.failures B．improvements
C.difficulties D．influences
解析：B　下文提到的都是一些游客在旅游行为和保护环境方面的“改善和进步”。
12．A.obvious B．common
C.abstract D．popular
解析：B　现在长城上的涂鸦和垃圾不那么“常见”了。
13．A.concept B．definition
C.awareness D．solution
解析：C　根据“More volunteers join in cleanup events”可知，人们的环保“意识”不断增强，越来越多的志愿者加入清理活动中来。
14．A.balance B．connect
C.associate D．apply
解析：A　刘红岩解释说，我们需要在旅游发展和文化遗产保护之间取得平衡。balance A with B意为“在A和B之间取得平衡”。
15．A.request B．demand
C.expect D．allow
解析：D　她希望游客小径的引入能让人们在体验长城这一文化遗产的同时，对其进行良好的保护。
Ⅲ.语法填空
This story happened in the Warring States period, when China was not 1.________ unified country. There were many wars between different states. To become 2.________ (strong) and more powerful, the states carried out different reforms. The most 3.________ (influence) one was the reform introduced by Shang Yang.
Shang Yang was a statesman 4.________ successful reforms in the state of Qin paved the way for the eventual unification of the Chinese empire by the Qin Dynasty. He worked out a series of reform plans for the state, but at the beginning, only a few people in the state understood Shang's talent and the 5.________ (advantage) of his plans. Most people had little trust and confidence in him.
To solve this problem, Shang came up with an idea. He ordered some soldiers 6.________ (put) a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the Qin state capital, which attracted many people. Then, in front of the crowd, he said loudly: “Whoever takes this pole to the north gate 7.________ (get) a reward of 10 gold pieces.”
It was a simple task and the reward was big. However, some time passed and no one stepped forward, 8.________ they all thought that Shang was joking.
9.________ (hear) no answer, Shang stepped forward and said, “I will increase the reward to 50 gold pieces.”
This offer was even more unbelievable.Finally, a man from the crowd came forward to take the pole. He put the pole on his shoulders and walked to the north gate. True 10.________ his word, Shang paid the man 50 gold pieces.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我国战国时期政治家商鞅“立木取信”的故事，说明诚信的重要性。
1．解析：a　考查冠词。由于本空后面的核心词是可数名词country，且unified发音以辅音音素开头，因此这里应该用不定冠词a。
2．解析：stronger　考查形容词比较级。本空所填词与后面的more powerful并列，因此这里应该用形容词比较级形式。
3．解析：influential　考查形容词。本空后面的one指代名词reform，因此这里应该用一个形容词来修饰它。
4．解析：whose　考查定语从句。本空后面是名词词组successful reforms，因此这里用关系代词whose引导一个定语从句，whose在从句中作定语。
5．解析：advantages　考查名词复数。根据语境可知，这里指商鞅变法方案的“优点”，应该用复数形式。
6．解析：to put　考查非谓语动词。order sb. to do sth.是固定表达，因此这里用动词不定式形式。
7．解析：will get　考查时态。这句话是商鞅当时对未来的承诺，由于引号里是他的原话，因此应该用一般将来时。
8．解析：because　考查状语从句。根据语境可知，这里“they all thought that Shang was joking”是他们不响应商鞅号令的“原因”，因此用because引导一个原因状语从句。
9．解析：Hearing　考查非谓语动词。本句第一个逗号前面是状语，且句子主语Shang与hear之间是主动关系，因此用动词-ing形式。
10．解析：to　考查介词。true to one's word是一个固定表达，意为“某人说话算数”。
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Ⅰ.阅读理解
Population could live in cities.In addition, the population could increase to 9.1 billion people during that time yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same.If current farming practices don't change, we will need an area of new land to produce enough food for the planet.
Vertical farms, where urban farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution.In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make it a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops.
Vertical farms would have many advantages, supporters say.Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming could be free of chemicals and diseases.Besides, crops would not suffer from problems like flooding.Finally, vertical farms would reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over long distances.
Some argue that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day, it wouldn't be enough.For this reason, vertical farms would need additional light sources, such as artificial light.
Another way of growing fresh food is to build urban farms on rooftops.This more practical approach may be more achievable than the idea of farms in skyscrapers, researchers suggest.Experts agree that innovative farming practices are needed to support the need for more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer, but the best ideas could be yet to come.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。人口的增长引起人均耕种土地的减少，进而可能导致粮食供应的不足。科学家提出了解决这一问题的一些大胆设想，包括垂直农场，在屋顶建造城市农场等等。
1．What primary problem could vertical farming settle
A.Poor state of rural life.
B.Shortage of food supply.
C.High cost for transporting crops.
D.Environmental pollution by transitional farmings.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句(如果目前的耕作方式不改变，我们将需要一些新的土地来为地球生产足够的粮食)以及第二段第一句(垂直农场，城镇农民可以在环保的摩天大楼里种植作物，这可能是解决办法)可知，人口的不断增长可能导致耕种土地不够，进而会导致粮食的短缺，垂直农场就是可以在大楼里面种植农作物，解决了因为耕种土地不够而导致的粮食短缺。故选B。
2．What is the advantage of vertical farming
A.It can produce organic food.
B.It requires little care.
C.It can benefit transport industry.
D.It needs very low cost.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Vertical farms would have many advantages，supporters say. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming could be free of chemicals and diseases.”可知，垂直农场的优点是农作物是原生态的，不使用化学物质。故选A。
3．What is a big challenge to make vertical farming a reality
A.Farmable land. B．Crop diseases.
C.Light sources. D．Climate conditions.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段“Some argue that ..., such as artificial light.”可知，垂直农场中的农作物种植在玻璃建筑物里面，白天获得的光照可能不够，因此需要额外补充光源。也就是说，实现垂直农场最大的挑战是C项(光源)。故选C。
4．What can be the best title of the test
A.Future Food Needs
B.Symbol of Urban Life
C.Farming on Rooftops
D.Farms of the Future
解析：D　标题归纳题。文章第一段提出了因为人口的增长，人均耕种土地的减少，可能导致粮食的缺乏；第二、第三、第四自然段阐述垂直农场可能解决这个问题，以及垂直农场的优势和缺乏光源的挑战；最后一段又提出了在屋顶建造城市农场；再结合最后一句中“but the best ideas could be yet to come”可知，最好的解决办法还没有出现，未来的农场还需要去研究。因此本文主要阐述未来的农场，最好的题目是D (未来的农场)。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
Most people have practiced some form of hobby at a point in their lives，whether it is some form of sports，playing a musical instrument，creating art，cooking or something else.There are many different reasons and skills for taking up a hobby.
Realize you have more time than you think.
This is probably the one thing that keeps most people back from practicing a hobby.__1__ But we waste so much time on social media, television commercials and worrying about life which we could have used to practice a hobby.Schedule some time for a hobby into your day.Plan ahead and just do it.
Involve other people.
Why Well, have you ever noticed that you stick to something longer when you feel that you cannot let another person down So，get someone to jog with you, or make music with you or share recipes with you.Plus, you will inspire them to keep on practicing their hobby.__2__
Put your money where your mouth is.
__3__ So give out a bit of your budget to your hobby of choice so that you cannot blame a lack of “materials” for not doing anything.
__4__
For me，this has been the most important step in going out and doing a hobby.If you jog, decide which races you want to do this year.If you practice music，organize a concert.
Find the pleasure in what you do.
As with most things，starting of getting something ready to start can be difficult.But don't give up.___5___
A.It is a total win-win.
B.Work towards something.
C.Think of a hobby that might interest you.
D.Others' help will definitely do you good.
E.You think that you don't have enough time to even start.
F.The fact is that people spend money where their heart is.
G.Once you have started you'll find the beauty and relaxation in it.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。大多数人在他们的生活中培养过某种形式的爱好。文章阐述了培养爱好的原因和技巧。
1．解析：E　根据小标题“意识到你有比你想象的更多的时间”，以及空后的“But we waste so much time ...”可知，E项“你认为你没有时间”符合语境。故选E。
2．解析：A　根据Involve other people.部分的内容可知，作者建议人们邀请别人和自己一起做一些事情，这样不仅激励了自己也激励了别人，这是一种双赢的事情。故选A。
3．解析：F　根据空后的“So give out a bit of your budget to your hobby of choice so that you cannot blame a lack of ‘materials’ for not doing anything.”可知，你要拿出一部分预算花费到你的爱好上。由此可知，F项“事实上，你花钱是花在你心仪的事情上”符合语境。故选F。
4．解析：B　设空处为段落小标题。根据空后的“If you jog, decide which races you want to do this year. If you practice music, organize a concert.”可知，B项“努力做某事”符合语境。故选B。
5．解析：G　根据小标题“在你所做的事情中找到乐趣”以及空前的内容可知，G项“一旦开始，你就会从中发现美和放松”，符合语境。故选G。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The Australian Koala Foundation says Australia 1.________ (lose) about 30 percent of its koalas over the past three years. The non-profit group says drought, wildfires and development 2.________ (project) played a part in the drop in the koala population. They are urging the government to do more 3.________ (protect) the creature's environment.
The group estimated the koala population has dropped to less than 58，000 this year 4.________ more than 80，000 in 2018. The 5.________ (big) decrease was in the state of New South Wales, 6.________ the numbers have dropped by 41 percent.
Deborah Tabart leads the Australian Koala Foundation. She called the drop “quite dramatic”．
Tabart said the country needs a koala protection law. She added, “What we're 7.________ (concern) about is places like western New South Wales where the drought over the last ten years has just had this cumulative (累积的) effect—river systems have been completely dry for years, river red gum plants, which are the lifeblood of koalas, dead.”
8.________ loss in New South Wales likely sped up after large forest areas 9.________ (destroy) by wildfires in late 2019 and early 2020. But some of those areas already had no koalas.
Land clearing by property developers and road builders has also destroyed the koala's environment.
“I think everyone gets it, we've got to change. But if those bulldozers keep 10.________ (work), then I really fear for the koalas，” Tabart said.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。根据澳大利亚树袋熊基金会的报告，在过去的三年里，澳大利亚树袋熊的数量减少了百分之三十。
1．解析：has lost　考查时态。本句时间状语为over the past three years，因此用现在完成时。
2．解析：projects　考查名词复数。project为可数名词，这里需要用复数形式。
3．解析：to protect　考查非谓语动词。这里动词不定式短语to protect the creature's environment作句子的目的状语。
4．解析：from　考查介词。这里表示树袋熊的数量由2018年的超过80 000降低到现在的不到58 000。
5．解析：biggest　考查形容词最高级。这里表示新南威尔士州树袋熊数量的减少是“最严重的”，因此用形容词最高级形式。
6．解析：where　考查定语从句。本空格前面的New South Wales是先行词，关系副词where引导一个非限制性定语从句。
7．解析：concerned　考查形容词。be concerned about是一个固定短语，这里concerned作表语。
8．解析：The　考查冠词。这里特指新南威尔士州树袋熊数量的减少，因此填入定冠词the，位于句首，首字母需大写。
9．解析：were destroyed　考查时态和语态。本句表示大部分森林“被山火毁坏”，且时间状语为in late 2019 and early 2020，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
10．解析：working　考查非谓语动词。keep doing sth.是固定用法，表示“一直做某事”。

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