资源简介

(共49张PPT)
5
Unit
Section B
How can we turn ideas into reality
Reading (1a—1f)
1. To master key words and sentence patterns about the invention of papermaking.
2. To understand the main idea and details of the text, including the history of papermaking, its making process, and its influence on the world.
3. To take pride in ancient Chinese inventions, develop an interest in science and inventions, and learn about the qualities of a great inventor.
4. To improve reading skills (skimming, scanning) and use the passive voice correctly to describe the process of making paper.
Find more things that are made of this material.
1a
What material are these things made of
Paper
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more examples
Paper money
Paper cups
newspaper
postcard
tissue
Paper fans
notebook
Can you imagine a life without paper
Let’s read a passage about the great invention.
An Invention That Changed the World
Papermaking
Papermaking
Who invented it
When was it invented
How did it change the world
Let's read the text to check your answers.
Read the text and match each paragraph with its topic.
An Invention That Changed the World
Can you imagine a world without books, newspapers, or magazines All of these things depend on one invention—papermaking. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world.
In ancient China, many different materials were used to write on, such as animal bones, bronze ware, stones, wood, bamboo, and even silk. In the Western Han Dynasty, there was also a very early form of paper made from jute—a fibre that comes from plants. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store, or very expensive.
As the head officer of the palace workshop for the emperor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun became interested in trying to solve the problem. Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal. In his times, some kinds of bark—the outside part of trees—were used to make clothes.
1b
From past experiences, Cai Lun got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on.
In the first step of Cai Lun’s experiment, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water. Then, this material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again. Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. Finally, this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. To everyone’s surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap. In 105 CE, Cai Lun showed his creation to the emperor. The emperor was very pleased and praised Cai Lun for his great work.
Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. It first spread to China’s neighbouring countries and finally reached Europe through Arab countries in the 12th century. When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books. This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today.
A. Early materials to write on
B. Cai Lun’s experiment
C. Introduction to the topic
D. How paper changed the world
E. Cai Lun’s creative idea
Match each paragraph with its topic.
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 5
Skimming for main ideas
1
Now let’s read the text in detail to understand the invention of papermaking better.
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Can you imagine a world without books, newspapers, or magazines All of these things depend on one invention—papermaking. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world.
In ancient China, many different materials were used to write on, such as animal bones, bronze ware, stones, wood, bamboo, and even silk. In the Western Han Dynasty, there was also a very early form of paper made from jute—a fibre that comes from plants. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive.
Read Part 1 (paras. 1-2) and answer the questions.
2
1. Why is papermaking a great invention
2. What materials did people use to write on in ancient China
3. What problems did these materials have
2
They used animal bones, bronze ware, stones, wood, bamboo, silk, and jute.
3
They were either difficult to use and store or very expensive.
Because it made the rapid spread of information possible, and this spread of information helped shape our modern world.
1
麻纸
These materials were not good enough. People needed something better. Who came up with the great idea Let’s move to Part 2.
As the head officer of the palace workshop for the emperor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun became interested in trying to solve the problem. Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal. In his times, some kinds of bark—the outside part of trees—were used to make clothes. From past experiences, Cai Lun got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on.
In the first step of Cai Lun’s experiment, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water. Then, this material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again. Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. Finally, this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. To everyone’s surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap. In 105 CE, Cai Lun showed his creation to the emperor. The emperor was very pleased and praised Cai Lun for his great work.
Read Part 2 (paras. 3-4) and answer the questions.
3
1. Who came up with the great idea
2. Where did Cai Lun get his idea from
3. How was Cai Lun’s paper different from the old materials
1
Cai Lun.
2
He got the idea from his past ecxperience - seeing bark being used to make clothes.
3
蔡伦
中国东汉宦官、发明家
字敬仲，桂阳郡人
生平仕途：他于汉明帝永平末年入宫供职，汉章帝建初年间升任小黄门；汉和帝继位后升任中常侍，深受和帝信任，后兼任尚方令，主持研制刀剑器械。
造纸术革新：公元102年，在邓皇后的支持下，蔡伦总结前人造纸经验，革新造纸工艺，造出了世界上第一种真正意义上的纸 ——“蔡侯纸”，并于公元105年奏报朝廷，汉和帝下令推广其造纸法。
个人品格：他富有才学，敦厚谨慎，常直言进谏、匡正得失；性格孤傲高洁，每逢假期便闭门谢客，被誉为 “汉宦官之贤者”。
历史影响：他改进的造纸术被列为中国古代“四大发明”之一，是人类历史上的重大发明，后传播至世界各地，推动了文化的传播与发展。
后世地位：后世的纸工将蔡伦奉为造纸鼻祖，尊称为 “纸圣” 或 “纸神”。
Read paras. 3-4 again and put the sentences in order.
4
___ A. The material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water.
___ B. All the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water.
___ C. The fibre was dried and pressed to form paper.
___ D. The liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre.
1
2
4
3
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1e
Then retell the process of making paper in your own words.
First… Then… Next… Finally…
were mixed and boiled
was beaten, cut up, and mixed
was poured over...
was dried and pressed
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Let’s summize and complete the table.
Question Material to write on before Cai Lun Cai Lun’s paper
What was it like
What was used to make it
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Difficult to use and store, or very expensive
Animal bones, bronze ware, stones, wood, bamboo, silk, jute
Soft, light, easy to make and use, cheap
Bark, certain plants, and old clothes
1d
his
What qualities did Cai Lun show in his idea
He learned from everyday things and old experiences, then kept trying to make new things.
hard-working and patient
creative and solve problems by observing daily life
He did many experiments to improve papermaking.
Cai Lun’s paper was a great success! It changed China first, and then the whole world. Let’s read Para. 5 to see how it spread.
Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. It first spread to China’s neighbouring countries and finally reached Europe through Arab
countries in the 12th century. When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books. This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today.
Read para. 5 and answer the questions.
5
1. How did papermaking spread around the world
2. How did papermaking change the world
1
China’s neighbouring countries→Arab countries→ Europe in the 12th century
2
It speeded up the spread of Chinese culture, changed civilizations around the world, and led to a rapid increase in the number of books, creating the world we have today.
Arab
Have you noticed these pronouns What do they mean
Tips:
Understanding reference words
Noticing what pronouns refer to will help you understand how different parts of the reading are connected.
Find out what these pronouns from the text refer to.
It in Paragraph 1: ________________________
It in Paragraph 5: ________________________
it in Paragraph 5: ________________________
This in Paragraph 5: ________________________
6
papermaking
the papermaking technique
the use of paper and printing
a rapid increase in the number of books
An Invention That Changed the World
Can you imagine a world without books, newspapers, or magazines All of these things depend on one invention—papermaking. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world.
In ancient China, many different materials were used to write on, such as animal bones, bronze ware, stones, wood, bamboo, and even silk. In the Western Han Dynasty, there was also a very early form of paper made from jute—a fibre that comes from plants. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive.
As the head officer of the palace workshop for the emperor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun became interested in trying to solve the problem. Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal. In his times, some kinds of bark—the outside part of trees—were used to make clothes. From past experiences, Cai Lun got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on.
In the first step of Cai Lun’s experiment, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water. Then, this material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again. Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. Finally, this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. To everyone’s surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap. In 105 CE, Cai Lun showed his creation to the emperor. The emperor was very pleased and praised Cai Lun for his great work.
Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. It first spread to China’s neighbouring countries and finally reached Europe through Arab countries in the 12th century. When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books. This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today.
造纸术
引起某事
信息的快速传播
塑造了我们现代的世界
be used to do...
被用来做……
in the Western
Han Dynasty
在西汉时期
in the Eastern
Han Dynasty
在东汉时期
be/become interested in doing ...
对做……感兴趣
解决问题
在……上书写
to one’s surprise
令某人惊奇的是
praise sb for sth因某事赞扬某人
后来，其后
加快中华文化的发展
lead to 导致;造成
result in
造成; 导致
Pay attention to the expressions.
Translate the expressions into English.
1. 造纸术
2. 引起某事
3. 信息的快速传播
4. 塑造了我们现代的世界
5. 对做……感兴趣
6. 被用来做……
7. 在西汉/东汉时期
8. 解决问题
9. 在……上书写
10. 令某人惊奇的是
11. 因某事赞扬某人
12. 后来，其后
13. 加快中华文化的发展
14. 导致;造成
papermaking
responsible for
the rapid spread of information
shape our modern world
be/become interested in doing ...
be used to do...
in the Western/Eastern Han Dynasty
solve the problem
write on
to one’s surprise
praise sb for sth
later on
speed up the development of Chinese culture
lead to/result in
1. What other ancient Chinese inventions do you know How was the world changed by them
1f
Discuss the questions.
...
It made books cheaper and easier to make.
It helped knowledge spread faster to more people.
Possible answers:
printing
(印刷术)
2. What qualities do you think a great inventor has
Possible answers:
First, they are curious and creative. They always want to know how things work and think of new ideas.
Second, they are observant. They notice problems in daily life and try to solve them.
Third, they have the spirit of never giving up. They may fail many times, but they never give up. They are also patient and brave. With these qualities, they can invent new things to make the world better.
Keep learning
Keep thinking
Keep questioning
Keep creating!
1. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world.
造纸术比其他任何发明都更能推动信息的快速传播，正是这种传播塑造了我们的现代世界。
responsible for
引起某事
① Careless driving is responsible for many accidents.
② Bad weather is responsible for the flight delay.
粗心驾驶是许多事故的原因。
糟糕的天气是航班延误的原因。
指某事物是造成某个结果的原因。
sb be responsible for
① You are responsible for your homework.
你要为自己的作业负责。
② Parents are responsible for their children’s safety.
父母要对孩子的安全负责。
对…… 负有责任 （人作主语）
shape
① Great inventions shape the world.
伟大的发明塑造世界。
② Reading shapes our mind.
阅读影响我们的思想。
v. 塑造；影响
【延伸】n. 形状
① The pool was in the shape of a heart.
游泳池呈心形。
② Candles come in all shapes and sizes .
有各种形状和大小的蜡烛供应。
2. In the Western Han Dynasty, there was also a very early form of paper made from jute—a fibre that comes from plants.
在西汉时期，还出现了一种用黄麻（一种植物纤维）制成的早期纸张。
be made from
① Paper is made from plants.
纸是由植物制成的。
② Wine is made from grapes.
葡萄酒由葡萄酿成。
由…… 制成 （看不出原材料，发生化学变化、材质完全改变）
be made of
① The desk is made of wood.
桌子由木头制成。
② This bag is made of paper.
这个袋子是纸做的。
由…… 制成 (物品成品能直接看出原材料)
拓展补充：be made in + 地点
These toys are made in Guangdong.
这些玩具产自广东。
be made by + 人
The beautiful model was made by our classmates.
这个漂亮的模型是我们同学制作的。
在某地制造
由某人制作
单项选择。
1. This nice bike ______ Shanghai.
A. is made of B. is made from C. is made in
2. The delicious bread ______ my grandma yesterday.
A.was made in B. was made by
C. was made of
3. The ring ______ silver (银). We can see the metal.
A. is made of B. is made from C. is made in
4. Cheese (奶酪)______ milk.
A. is made of B. is made from C. is made by
3. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive.
然而，这些材料要么难以使用和保存，要么价格非常昂贵。
either... or...
① You can either stay here or go home.
你要么待在这里，要么回家。
② I'm going to buy either a camera or a computer with the money.
我打算用这笔钱买一台照相机或者电脑。
③ Either my sister or I am wrong.
要么我妹妹错，要么我错。
（对两事物的选择）要么……要么，不是……就是，或者……或者 (连接两个并列成分)
either A or B 做主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则，跟着 B 变。
expensive
① Art books are expensive to produce.
美术书籍制作成本高。
② I can't afford it, it's too expensive.
我买不起，太贵了。
adj. 昂贵的；价格高的
反义词：cheap
Cycling is a cheap way to get around.
骑自行车是一种省钱的旅游方式。
adj. 便宜的
4. Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal.
人们尝试了各种方法来制作书写材料，但都不够理想。
none
① I want some paper but there is none on the desk.
我想要一些纸，但是桌子上一张也没有。
② None of the students was/were late for school today.
今天没有一个学生上学迟到。
③ None of the money is mine.
这笔钱没有一分是我的。
pron. 没有一个；毫无
(否定三个或三个以上的人或物，常用于none of + sb./sth. 的结构中)
“none of +可数名词复数”在句中作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式；“none of +不可数名词”在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
no one
指“没有人”，相当于nobody，只用于指人，不可以与of连用，作主语时谓语动词常用单数形式。
① —Who is in the library
谁在图书馆？
—No one.
没有人。
② No one likes a person with bad manners.
没有人喜欢没有礼貌的人。
—All the volunteers were very tired, but _____ of them took a rest.
—They were busy looking for the missing people.
A. no one　
B. none
单项选择。
5. In his times, some kinds of bark—the outside part of trees—were used to make clothes.
在他生活的年代，人们会用某些树皮制作衣物。
be used to do...
被用来做某事
① Wood is used to make paper.
木头被用来造纸。
② This tool is used to cut things.
这个工具用来切割东西。
be used to doing...
习惯于做某事
① He is used to walking to school.
他习惯步行去上学。
② My mom is used to cooking at home.
我妈妈习惯在家做饭。
used to do...
过去常常做某事(现在不这样了)
① I used to get up late.
我过去常常很晚起床。（现在不了）
② People used to write letters.
人们过去常常写信。
用 used to do / be used to do / be used to doing 正确形式填空。
1. My father ____________ (smoke), but now he doesn’t.
2. Bamboo ____________ (make) many kinds of things.
3. She __________________ (drink) milk every morning, so she is healthy.
4. This machine ____________ (wash) clothes.
5. We ____________ (live) in the countryside, but now we live in the city.
6. The old man __________________ (live) a quiet life.
7. Glass _________________ (make) windows.
is used to make
used to smoke
is used to make
is used to drinking
is used to wash
used to live
is used to living
6. To everyone’s surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap.
令所有人惊奇的是，这种纸质地柔软、轻便，易于制作和使用，最重要的是价格低廉。
To one’s surprise
令某人惊奇/惊讶的是
① To my surprise, he passed the exam.
令我惊讶的是，他考试及格了。
② To our surprise, they won the game.
令我们惊讶的是，他们赢了比赛。
7. This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today.
这带来了知识的全新兴起，塑造了我们今天的世界。
result in
造成；导致 (它的前面是事，后面是事件引起的后果。)
① Careless work results in mistakes.
粗心做事会导致错误。
② Hard work results in success.
努力付出带来成功。
The accident resulted in many deaths.
这场事故造成多人死亡。
The accident resulted from bad weather.
这场事故起因于恶劣天气。
result in + 结果
result from + 原因
导致……
起因于……
注: 另附word文档，点击此处链接
Ⅰ. 选择方框内短语的适当形式填空, 有两项多余。
1. Daily habits greatly ____________ our personality and future life.
2. The little girl _______________(live) in the warm countryside, and she never wants to leave.
3. In ancient times, people ____________ write words on bamboo or silk.
4. Careless mistakes in experiments will ____________ bad results.
used to do, be used to do, be used to doing, none, no one either…or…, shape, be responsible for, to one’s surprise, result from, result in
shape
is used to living
used to
result in
used to do, be used to do, be used to doing, none, no one either…or…, shape, be responsible for, to my surprise, result from, result in
5. This special kind of machine ______________ (clean) the river water.
6. You can ______ finish your homework first _______ help with housework.
7. Waste water ____________ the pollution of this small river.
8. They tried hundreds of plans, but ________ of them worked well at first.
9. ______________ , he can speak Japanese.
is used to clean
either
is responsible for
none
To my surprise
or
1. Can you understand the text about the invention - papermaking
2. Can you describe the invention of papermaking to your partner, including the history of papermaking, its making process, and its influence on the world
3. Can you talk about the qualities of a great inventor
4. Can you understand what the reference words mean in context
Must-do:
1. Read and recite the words and expreesions about papermaking in this lesson.
2. Write a short passage (50-80 words) or make a mindmap to introduce papermaking. You should include the history, its making process, and its influence.
Choose to do:
Talk about another invention that changed our life. Use at least 3 key phrases we learned (e.g., result in, shape, be responsible for).

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