资源简介

(共25张PPT)
Unit 4
Amazing Plants and Animals
Section A
Grammar Focus (3a~3c)
learning aims
To master the formation rules of superlative degrees for adjectives and adverbs through observation and induction;
01
To correctly use superlative forms in both spoken and written English.
02
Lead-in
Let’s watch a video!
3a
Read the sentences and notice the words in bold.
The blue whale is the largest and the heaviest animal in the world.
The biggest land animal in the world is the African elephant.
The cheetah runs the fastest among all land animals.
I think the most useful plant in the world is bamboo.
It is perhaps the most interesting plant in the world.
What are the ways to form a superlative adjective or adverb
形容词
副词
最高级
Observe the words and find the rules.
large — largest heavy — heaviest
big — biggest fast — fastest
useful — the most useful
interesting — the most interesting
Grammar
形容词和副词的最高级的构成
(1) 规则变化
构成方法 原级 最高级
单音节词和部分双音节词 一般情况下，最高级词尾加-est tall; short; fast tallest；shortest；fastest
以字母e结尾的词，最高级词尾加-st large; late largest；latest
重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，然后最高级词尾加-est big; fat; thin biggest；fattest；thinnest
以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的双音节词，先把y改为i，然后最高级词尾加-est easy; heavy; early easiest；heaviest；earliest
多音节词和部分双音节词 词前加most构成最高级 beautiful; popular most beautiful；most popular
Summary
-iest
-est
most
-st
-末尾辅音est
2. 以e结尾的单音节词加-r/-st
cute-cutest; large-largest
1 .一般情况下的单音节词
fast-fastest; long-longest
heavy--heaviest; happy--happiest
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词
4. 重读、闭音节、1个辅音字母结尾
big-biggest;
thin-thinnest
most useful;most interesting
5. 部分双音节词
原级 最高级 例句
good(形容词) / well(副词) best She is the best student in the class.
He plays the piano best among us.
bad(形容词) / badly(副词) worst This is the worst movie I've ever seen.
She performed worst in the competition.
many(形容词) / much(副词) most This is the most interesting book I've read.
She works most efficiently in the team.
little (形容词/副词 ) least He has the least experience in this field.
She speaks English the least fluently among us.
far (形容词/副词 ) farthest (具体距离的远近) The moon is the farthest celestial body we can see.
furthest (抽象意义的深远) She has thought furthest about the future of AI.
(2) 不规则变化
常用的不规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级变化形式
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
many/ much more most
bad/ ill/ badly worse worst
old older/elder oldest/eldest
far farther/further farthest/furthest
注意：不规则变化需特殊记忆！！！
Exercise
Write the superlative forms of the following words.
late
strange
hot
comfortable
lazy
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
cute
shy
honest
happy
good
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
latest
strangest
hottest
most comfortable
laziest
cutest
shyest
most honest
happiest
best
The blue whale is the largest and the heaviest animal in the world.
The biggest land animal in the world is the African elephant.
The cheetah runs the fastest among all land animals.
I think the most useful plant in the world is bamboo.
It is perhaps the most interesting plant in the world.
通常用于三者或三者以上的范围，of/ in/during 说明比较范围
形容词的最高级前必须有the，副词的最高级前可以省略the
How do we use superlatives
Grammar
形容词和副词的最高级的用法
1. 表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个，后面可用带有in、of、among的短语等来说明比较的范围。形容词最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，副词最高级前的the可以省去。
例如：①The blue whale is the largest and heaviest animal in the world.
②In my country, July is the hottest month of the year.
③The cheetah runs (the) fastest among all land animals.
某一范围内的比较用in
同一类事物范围内的比较用of
副词最高级前的the可以省去哦
Grammar
例如：This is my worst performance.
She is Lucy’s best friend.
记住:
如果最高级前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等修饰语时则不再用定冠词the。
2.最高级的常用结构
(1) the + 形容词或副词最高级 + in / of 短语
……中最……的
例如：Tom is the tallest in his class.
Tom runs (the) fastest of all the students.
Grammar
(2) 序数词与最高级结合
例如：The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world.
(3) one of the + 形容词或副词最高级 +名词复数 表示“最……之一”
例如：Beijing is one of the largest cities in the world.
(4) 特殊疑问句中的最高级
例如：Which animal jumps the highest, the lion, the monkey, or the tree frog
Who is the kindest person in your family
(5) 比较级表达最高级的含义
例如：Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.
=Julia is the tallest girl in her class.
the similarities
the differences
适用对象 变化规则 比较级 最高级
比较级 最高级
适用范围
标志词
Comparatives & Superlatives
adj. adv.
两者
≥三者
than
a little
a lot
much
even
the
in
of
-est
-st
-est
双写est
most
-er
-r
-ier
双写er
more
Complete the sentences with the superlative forms of the words in brackets.
1. Among all animals, I love pandas the best. I think they are
_________ (cute) animals in the world.
2. Which do you think is __________________ (beautiful),
the rose, the peony, or the lotus flower
3. Look at that butterfly! It has ________________ (colourful)
wings.
4. Which animal jumps ___________ (high), the lion, the
monkey, or the tree frog
5. The elephant birds were ___________ (large) and
_________ (heavy) birds ever on earth. Some could stand
up to three metres tall and weigh up to 860 kg.
the cutest
the most beautiful
the most colourful
(the) highest
the largest
heaviest
3b
Complete the passage with the superlative forms of the words in the box.
ancient beautiful common good popular
The ginkgo tree is one of ________________ living trees on earth. Ginkgo trees first appeared over 200 million years ago. Chinese people love the ginkgo, as it is a symbol of hope and long life. Many Chinese believe that the old ginkgo tree in the Zhongnan Mountains in Shaanxi Province is ________________. This tree is over 1,400 years old. Thousands of tourists come to see it each year, especially in mid-October, as it is ____________ time to see it. The ginkgo tree is one of _________________ trees in streets, parks, and gardens across China. When autumn comes, one of _____________ activities is to take a walk under ginkgo trees. People believe the bright yellow leaves can bring joy to their heart.
the most ancient
the most beautiful
the best
the most common
3c
the most popular
The ginkgo tree
Think and share
Which kind of animal do you think is the cutest
Which kind of flower do you think is the most beautiful
What fruit do you think is the sweetest
Which subject do you think is the most interesting
Which season do you think is the most comfortable
Which sport do you think is the most exciting
Summary
New words
land; African; rose; peony; lotus; butterfly; wing; frog; weigh; kg; ginkgo; province; take a walk
the superlatives
Grammar
(1) 形容词和副词一般具有最高级结构
(2) 最高级的构成：①单音节、双音节、多音节；②规则变化和不规则变化
(3) 最高级的用法：①表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较；
②最高级的常用结构
Exercise
一、根据句子语境，用括号中形容词的最高级形式填空。
Tom is ___________ (tall) student in his class.
Mount Everest is ___________ (high) mountain in the world.
She is ___________ (kind) person I know.
December is ___________ (cold) month of the year here.
Math is ______________ (difficult) subject for me.
Spring is ___________ (good) season of the year, I think.
the tallest
the highest
the kindest
the coldest
the most difficult
the best
Exercise
二、找出句子中的错误并改正。
I think this is the interestingest movie. _______________________________________________
2. The Great Wall is one of most famous places in China.
_______________________________________________
3. That was the baddest day of my life!
_______________________________________________
I think this is the most interesting movie.
The Great Wall is one of the most famous places in China.
That was the worst day of my life!
Exercise
1.Hainan is a very large Island. It is the second _________ island in China. (large)
2.Our teacher is as ______ as before. (busy).
3.He is __________________ among us. (careful)
4.Li Lei jumped far ________ than Jim. (far)
5.The busier he is, the ________ he feels. (happy)
6.Edison was_____________________________in the world.
(最伟大的发明家之一）
busy
the most careful
farther
happier
largest
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
one of the greatest inventors
Exercise
四、语法填空。
China is an amazing country. It has the world’s _______ (high) mountain. The Yangtze River is its _______(long). Pandas are the ___________ (famous) of all the animals in our country. The Silk Road is the _______(old) trading road to the world. When we plan a trip, making choices doesn’t mean to choose the _________(good) or the _______________(expensive) one, but the __________ (proper) one.
best
most expensive
most proper
highest
longest
most famous
oldest
Homework
从Unit 1- 4 单词列表中选出10个形容词/副词，写出其最高级形式，并查阅是否正确。
用英语描述自己的 “家乡之最”（如最美的景点、最美味的食物等 ），写一篇80 词的短文，下节课分享 。Unit 4 SectionA Grammar Focus(3a~3c) 教学设计
一、教材分析
本课是义务教育教科书英语八年级上册 Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 的 Section A Grammar Focus (3a~3c)。本单元的大问题是 What makes plants and animals amazing ，Section A 的核心问题是 What can plants and animals do 。
Grammar Focus 是语法聚焦课。3a 为观察归纳，学生阅读五个含最高级的句子，发现最高级的形式；3b 用所给词的最高级填空；3c 用方框内词汇的最高级完成关于银杏树的语篇；Think and share 为迁移运用，讨论动物、花、水果、学科、季节、运动六个话题。本课集中呈现形容词和副词最高级的构成与用法，是对 1a~2e 最高级出现的句型的系统梳理。
二、学情分析
学生在 Section A (1a~Pronunciation) 已接触最高级，在 (2a~2e) 的 bamboo 对话中多次见到 one of the most popular / the fastest-growing / the most useful 等表达，已具备一定的感性认识。但对最高级的系统构成规则（规则变化四条、不规则变化五组）、the 的取舍（副词最高级可省、序数词与最高级连用、形容词性物主代词修饰时不用 the）、以及比较级表达最高级含义的等价转换仍需重点突破。
三、核心素养目标
1. 语言能力：能够通过观察与归纳掌握形容词和副词最高级的构成规则（规则变化与不规则变化），并能在口语和书面语中正确使用最高级形式。
2. 文化意识：通过学习银杏树（ginkgo tree）的语篇，了解银杏作为“活化石”的文化象征意义（hope and long life），用英语介绍中国特有的植物，增强文化自信。
3. 思维品质：通过 3a 观察—归纳、3c 语篇填空、Think and share 话题讨论，发展观察、归纳、比较与迁移创新的思维能力。
4. 学习能力：掌握“观察例句—发现规则—验证运用”的语法学习策略；通过小组合作完成 3c 与 Think and share。
四、教学重难点
教学重点
1. 掌握最高级的构成：单音节及部分双音节词（直接加 -est；e 结尾加 -st；重读闭音节双写加 -est；辅音字母+y 变 i 加 -est）与多音节词加 most。
2. 掌握最高级的用法：三者或三者以上的比较；in / of / among 表示范围；the + 最高级 + 名词；副词最高级前 the 可省略。
3. 完成 3b 填空、3c 语篇填空与 Think and share 讨论。
教学难点
1. the 的取舍：副词最高级前 the 可省；最高级前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时不再用 the。
2. 序数词与最高级结合（the third longest）。
3. one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数。
4. 不规则变化（good/well—best；bad/badly—worst；many/much—most；little—least；far—farthest/furthest；old—older/elder）。
5. 用比较级表达最高级含义（比较级 + than any other + 名词单数）。
五、教学方法
归纳法、对比法、任务型教学法、情境教学法、合作学习法。
六、教学过程
Step 1 导入（Lead-in）
播放一段关于动植物“之最”的短视频（Let's watch a video!），如蓝鲸、非洲象、猎豹、竹子。
提问：What is the largest animal in the world What animal runs the fastest 引出最高级句型，自然进入本课主题。
Step 2 语法呈现（3a）
呈现 3a 的五个观察句：
1. The blue whale is the largest and the heaviest animal in the world.
2. The biggest land animal in the world is the African elephant.
3. The cheetah runs the fastest among all land animals.
4. I think the most useful plant in the world is bamboo.
5. It is perhaps the most interesting plant in the world.
任务：Read the sentences and notice the words in bold. 引导学生观察黑体词，回答：What are the ways to form a superlative adjective or adverb
梳理两组：large—largest, heavy—heaviest, big—biggest, fast—fastest；useful—the most useful, interesting—the most interesting。
Step 3 语法探究——构成（Grammar）
（一）规则变化
第 1 类 单音节词和部分双音节词，一般情况下最高级词尾加 -est。例：tall—tallest, short—shortest, fast—fastest, long—longest。
第 2 类 以字母 e 结尾的词，最高级词尾加 -st。例：large—largest, late—latest, cute—cutest。
第 3 类 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母再加 -est。例：big—biggest, fat—fattest, thin—thinnest, hot—hottest。
第 4 类 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把 y 改为 i 再加 -est。例：easy—easiest, heavy—heaviest, early—earliest, happy—happiest, shy—shyest。
第 5 类 多音节词和部分双音节词，词前加 most 构成最高级。例：beautiful—most beautiful, popular—most popular, comfortable—most comfortable, honest—most honest。
归纳口诀（Summary）：一般加 -est；e 结尾加 -st；辅音字母+y 变 i 加 -est；重读闭音节双写加 -est；多音节加 most。
（二）不规则变化
第一组 good（形容词）/ well（副词）— best。例：She is the best student in the class. He plays the piano best among us.
第二组 bad（形容词）/ badly（副词）— worst。例：This is the worst movie I've ever seen. She performed worst in the competition.
第三组 many（形容词）/ much（副词）— most。例：This is the most interesting book I've read. She works most efficiently in the team.
第四组 little（形容词/副词）— least。例：He has the least experience in this field. She speaks English the least fluently among us.
第五组 far（形容词/副词）— farthest / furthest。表示具体距离的远近用 farthest：The moon is the farthest celestial body we can see. 表示抽象意义的深远用 furthest：She has thought furthest about the future of AI.
补充比较级一览：good/well—better—best；many/much—more—most；bad/ill/badly—worse—worst；old—older/elder—oldest/eldest；far—farther/further—farthest/furthest。
提醒：不规则变化需特殊记忆。
Step 4 语法探究——用法（How do we use superlatives ）
规则 1：形容词的最高级前必须有 the，副词的最高级前可以省略 the。
对比：The blue whale is the largest and the heaviest animal in the world.（形容词，有 the）
The cheetah runs (the) fastest among all land animals.（副词，the 可省）
规则 2：通常用于三者或三者以上的范围，用 in / of / among 说明比较范围。某一地点范围内的比较用 in；同一类事物范围内的比较用 of。
例：The blue whale is the largest and heaviest animal in the world.（地点范围用 in）
In my country, July is the hottest month of the year.（同类事物用 of）
The cheetah runs (the) fastest among all land animals.（among 用于三者以上）
规则 3：如果最高级前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等修饰语时，则不再用定冠词 the。
例：This is my worst performance. She is Lucy's best friend.
常用结构
结构 1：the + 形容词或副词最高级 + in / of 短语，表示“最……的”。例：Tom is the tallest in his class. Tom runs (the) fastest of all the students.
结构 2：序数词与最高级结合。例：The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world.
结构 3：one of the + 形容词或副词最高级 + 名词复数，表示“最……之一”。例：Beijing is one of the largest cities in the world.
结构 4：特殊疑问句中的最高级。例：Which animal jumps the highest, the lion, the monkey, or the tree frog Who is the kindest person in your family
结构 5：用比较级表达最高级的含义。例：Julia is taller than any other girl in her class. = Julia is the tallest girl in her class.
Step 5 对比与总结（Comparatives & Superlatives）
相同点：适用对象相同，均为形容词和副词。
规则对应：比较级加 -er，最高级加 -est；e 结尾比较级加 -r、最高级加 -st；辅音字母+y 比较级变 -ier、最高级加 -est；重读闭音节双写加 -er / -est；多音节词比较级加 more、最高级加 most。
不同点：适用范围不同——比较级用于两者，最高级用于三者或三者以上。标志词不同——比较级标志词有 than, a little, a lot, much, even；最高级标志词有 the, in, of。
Step 6 操练（3b）
Complete the sentences with the superlative forms of the words in brackets.
1. Among all animals, I love pandas the best. I think they are the cutest (cute) animals in the world. 答案 cutest。
2. Which do you think is the most beautiful (beautiful), the rose, the peony, or the lotus flower 答案 the most beautiful。
3. Look at that butterfly! It has the most colourful (colourful) wings. 答案 the most colourful。
4. Which animal jumps (the) highest (high), the lion, the monkey, or the tree frog 答案 (the) highest。
5. The elephant birds were the largest (large) and heaviest (heavy) birds ever on earth. Some could stand up to three metres tall and weigh up to 860 kg. 答案 largest, heaviest。
教师点评：形容词最高级前有 the；副词最高级 the 可省；and 连接两个并列最高级时，第二个最高级的 the 通常保留。
Step 7 语篇运用（3c）
Complete the passage with the superlative forms of the words in the box. 方框词汇：ancient, beautiful, common, good, popular。
语篇要点（The ginkgo tree）：
The ginkgo tree is one of the most ancient living trees on earth. Ginkgo trees first appeared over 200 million years ago.
Chinese people love the ginkgo, as it is a symbol of hope and long life.
Many Chinese believe that the old ginkgo tree in the Zhongnan Mountains in Shaanxi Province is the most beautiful. This tree is over 1,400 years old. Thousands of tourists come to see it each year, especially in mid-October, as it is the best time to see it.
The ginkgo tree is one of the most common trees in streets, parks, and gardens across China. When autumn comes, one of the most popular activities is to take a walk under ginkgo trees. People believe the bright yellow leaves can bring joy to their heart.
The ginkgo tree is a tall beautiful tree that is very common in my country.
文化拓展：银杏被称为“活化石”（living fossil），象征希望与长寿。
Step 8 话题讨论（Think and share）
学生两人一组，讨论六个话题，使用最高级句型：
1. Which kind of animal do you think is the cutest
2. Which kind of flower do you think is the most beautiful
3. What fruit do you think is the sweetest
4. Which subject do you think is the most interesting
5. Which season do you think is the most comfortable
6. Which sport do you think is the most exciting
示范：I think pandas are the cutest animals. They are very lovely.
小组展示，教师点评语言准确性与最高级使用是否得当。
Step 9 巩固练习（Exercise）
完成课件 Exercise 一至四题（详见第八部分）。
Step 10 小结与作业（Summary & Homework）
小结：师生共同回顾本课语法——最高级的构成（规则变化四条 + 不规则变化五组）与用法（三种范围介词、the 的取舍、五大常用结构）。
作业：
必做：从 Unit 1—4 单词列表中选出 10 个形容词/副词，写出其最高级形式，并查阅是否正确。
选做：用英语描述自己的“家乡之最”（如最美的景点、最美味的食物等），写一篇 80 词的短文，下节课分享。
七、板书设计
Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals
Section A Grammar Focus (3a~3c)
Formation (构成)
一般 + -est tall - tallest
e 结尾 + -st large - largest
重读闭音节 双写 + -est big - biggest
辅音+y 变 i + -est heavy - heaviest
多音节 most + 原级 useful - most useful
Irregular (不规则): good/well-best; bad-worst;
many/much-most; little-least; far-farthest/furthest
Usage (用法)
the + 最高级 + in / of / among
序数词 + 最高级: the third longest
one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数
比较级表最高级: taller than any other girl
八、巩固练习（带答案及解析）
一、根据句子语境，用括号中形容词的最高级形式填空
1. Tom is the __________ (tall) student in his class.
答案：tallest。解析：tall 为单音节词，直接加 -est；最高级前有 the。
2. Mount Everest is the __________ (high) mountain in the world.
答案：highest。解析：high 为单音节词，直接加 -est。
3. She is the __________ (kind) person I know.
答案：kindest。解析：kind 为单音节词，直接加 -est。
4. December is the __________ (cold) month of the year here.
答案：coldest。解析：cold 为单音节词，直接加 -est。
5. Math is the most __________ (difficult) subject for me.
答案：difficult。解析：difficult 为多音节词，加 most；最高级前有 the，most 已经给出，填 difficult。
6. Spring is the __________ (good) season of the year, I think.
答案：best。解析：good 为不规则变化，最高级为 best。
二、找出句子中的错误并改正
1. I think this is the interestingest movie.
答案：I think this is the most interesting movie. 解析：多音节词 interesting 的最高级为 most interesting，不是 interestingest。
2. The Great Wall is one of most famous places in China.
答案：The Great Wall is one of the most famous places in China. 解析：one of 结构中最高级前必须加 the。
3. That was the baddest day of my life!
答案：That was the worst day of my life! 解析：bad 的最高级为不规则变化 worst，不是 baddest。
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Hainan is a very large island. It is the second __________ (large) island in China.
答案：largest。解析：序数词与最高级结合，large 的最高级为 largest。
2. Our teacher is as __________ (busy) as before.
答案：busy。解析：as...as 中间用形容词原级，不变化。
3. He is the most __________ (careful) among us.
答案：careful。解析：多音节词 careful 的最高级为 most careful，most 已给出。
4. Li Lei jumped far __________ (far) than Jim.
答案：farther / further。解析：than 提示用比较级；far 的比较级为 farther 或 further。
5. The busier he is, the __________ (happy) he feels.
答案：happier。解析：“the + 比较级, the + 比较级”结构，用比较级 happier。
6. Edison was one of the greatest inventors in the world. (伟大的)
答案：greatest。解析：one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数，great 的最高级为 greatest。
四、语法填空
China is an amazing country. It has the world's __________ (high) mountain. The Yangtze River is its __________ (long). Pandas are the most __________ (famous) of all the animals in our country. The Silk Road is the __________ (old) trading road to the world. When we plan a trip, making choices doesn't mean to choose the __________ (good) or the most __________ (expensive) one, but the most __________ (proper) one.
答案：highest, longest, famous, oldest, best, expensive, proper。
解析：第 1 题 high 的最高级 highest；第 2 题 long 的最高级 longest；第 3 题 most famous 中 famous 用原形；第 4 题 old 的最高级 oldest；第 5 题 good 的不规则最高级 best；第 6 题 expensive 为多音节词，most 已给出，填 expensive；第 7 题 proper 为多音节词，most 已给出，填 proper。
九、教学反思
本节课采用“观察—归纳—验证—运用”的语法教学模式。通过 3a 五个真实语境中的最高级句子，引导学生自主发现构成规则；再通过 3b 单句填空、3c 语篇填空和 Think and share 话题讨论，实现由形式到意义的逐步内化。银杏树语篇既巩固了语法，又渗透了中国文化，实现了语言与文化的融合。教学难点 the 的取舍通过对比句（largest and heaviest / runs (the) fastest）讲解得较为清晰，学生能够区分形容词与副词最高级的差异。不足之处在于，不规则变化仍需后续滚动复现，特别是 elder / eldest 与 older / oldest 的区别学生易混；比较级表达最高级含义这一难点仅作为结构呈现，练习量偏少，可在下一课时增加替换练习。
第 页Unit 4 SectionA Grammar Focus(3a~3c) 同步学案
一、学习目标
1. 能够通过观察与归纳掌握形容词和副词最高级的构成规则（规则变化与不规则变化）。
2. 能够正确使用最高级：表示三者或三者以上的比较，用 in / of / among 说明范围，掌握五大常用结构。
3. 能够完成 3b 单句填空、3c 语篇填空，并在 Think and share 中用最高级讨论话题。
二、学习过程
1. 导入（Lead-in）
观看一段关于动植物“之最”的短视频。回答问题：
What is the largest animal in the world
What animal runs the fastest
2. 语法呈现（3a）
阅读 3a 五个句子，注意黑体词：
1. The blue whale is the largest and the heaviest animal in the world.
2. The biggest land animal in the world is the African elephant.
3. The cheetah runs the fastest among all land animals.
4. I think the most useful plant in the world is bamboo.
5. It is perhaps the most interesting plant in the world.
观察与归纳：large—largest, heavy—heaviest, big—biggest, fast—fastest, useful—the most useful, interesting—the most interesting。
3. 语法探究：最高级的构成
（1）规则变化。
一般：直接加 -est。tall—tallest, short—shortest, fast—fastest, long—longest。
e 结尾：加 -st。large—largest, late—latest, cute—cutest。
重读闭音节：双写末尾辅音字母加 -est。big—biggest, fat—fattest, thin—thinnest, hot—hottest。
辅音字母+y：变 y 为 i 加 -est。easy—easiest, heavy—heaviest, early—earliest, happy—happiest, shy—shyest。
多音节词：most + 原级。beautiful—most beautiful, popular—most popular, comfortable—most comfortable, honest—most honest。
（2）不规则变化。
good / well — best。例：She is the best student in the class.
bad / badly — worst。例：This is the worst movie I've ever seen.
many / much — most。例：This is the most interesting book I've read.
little — least。例：He has the least experience in this field.
far — farthest（具体距离）/ furthest（抽象意义）。
补充：old — older / elder — oldest / eldest。
4. 语法探究：最高级的用法
规则 1：形容词最高级前必须有 the，副词最高级前 the 可以省略。
对比：The blue whale is the largest and the heaviest animal in the world.
The cheetah runs (the) fastest among all land animals.
规则 2：三者或三者以上比较，用 in / of / among 说明范围。地点范围用 in，同类事物用 of，三者以上用 among。
例：July is the hottest month of the year.（同类）
规则 3：最高级前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时不用 the。
例：This is my worst performance. She is Lucy's best friend.
五大常用结构：
（1）the + 最高级 + in / of 短语。例：Tom is the tallest in his class.
（2）序数词与最高级结合。例：the third longest river。
（3）one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数。例：Beijing is one of the largest cities in the world.
（4）特殊疑问句中的最高级。例：Which animal jumps the highest
（5）比较级表达最高级。例：Julia is taller than any other girl in her class. = Julia is the tallest girl in her class.
5. 对比与总结（Comparatives & Superlatives）
相同：都用于形容词和副词；构成规则对应（加 -er / -est；more / most）。
不同：比较级用于两者，标志词 than / a little / a lot / much / even；最高级用于三者或三者以上，标志词 the / in / of。
6. 操练（3b）
用括号中词的最高级形式填空，核对答案：
1. cute — cutest 2. beautiful — the most beautiful
3. colourful — the most colourful 4. high — (the) highest
5. large — largest, heavy — heaviest
7. 语篇运用（3c）
用方框内词的最高级完成银杏树语篇：
ancient — the most ancient
beautiful — the most beautiful
common — the most common
good — the best
popular — the most popular
文化拓展：银杏被称为“活化石”，象征 hope and long life。
8. 话题讨论（Think and share）
两人一组，讨论六个话题：
1. Which kind of animal do you think is the cutest
2. Which kind of flower do you think is the most beautiful
3. What fruit do you think is the sweetest
4. Which subject do you think is the most interesting
5. Which season do you think is the most comfortable
6. Which sport do you think is the most exciting
示范：I think pandas are the cutest animals. They are very lovely.
9. 巩固与小结
完成课件 Exercise 一至四题。
小结本课：最高级的构成（规则变化四条 + 不规则变化五组）与用法（三种范围介词、the 的取舍、五大常用结构）。
三、课堂小结
本节课通过观察归纳系统学习了形容词和副词最高级的构成与用法。我们掌握了规则变化四条、不规则变化五组，学会了用 in / of / among 说明范围，并能用五大常用结构正确表达“最……”。同时借助银杏树语篇了解了这一“活化石”的文化意义。
第 页Unit 4 SectionA Grammar Focus(3a~3c) 分层作业
第一层 基础达标（必做）
一、写出下列单词的最高级形式
1. late ______ 2. strange ______ 3. hot ______ 4. comfortable ______
5. lazy ______ 6. cute ______ 7. shy ______ 8. honest ______
9. happy ______ 10. good ______
二、用括号中形容词的最高级形式填空
1. Tom is the __________ (tall) student in his class.
2. Mount Everest is the __________ (high) mountain in the world.
3. She is the __________ (kind) person I know.
4. December is the __________ (cold) month of the year here.
5. Math is the most __________ (difficult) subject for me.
6. Spring is the __________ (good) season of the year, I think.
三、单项选择
1. Tom is the __________ boy in his class.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest
2. This is one of __________ places in China.
A. the most famous B. the famous C. most famous
3. The Yangtze River is __________ longest river in China.
A. a B. an C. the
4. She is my __________ friend.
A. best B. the best C. better
5. Which animal jumps __________, the lion, the monkey, or the tree frog
A. high B. higher C. (the) highest
第二层 能力提升（选做）
一、找出错误并改正
1. I think this is the interestingest movie.
________________________________________________
2. The Great Wall is one of most famous places in China.
________________________________________________
3. That was the baddest day of my life!
________________________________________________
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Hainan is a very large island. It is the second __________ (large) island in China.
2. Our teacher is as __________ (busy) as before.
3. He is the most __________ (careful) among us.
4. Li Lei jumped far __________ (far) than Jim.
5. The busier he is, the __________ (happy) he feels.
6. Edison was one of the __________ (great) inventors in the world. (伟大的)
三、语法填空
China is an amazing country. It has the world's __________ (high) mountain. The Yangtze River is its __________ (long). Pandas are the most __________ (famous) of all the animals in our country. The Silk Road is the __________ (old) trading road to the world. When we plan a trip, making choices doesn't mean to choose the __________ (good) or the most __________ (expensive) one, but the most __________ (proper) one.
四、句型转换
1. Julia is the tallest girl in her class.（改为同义句，用比较级）
________________________________________________
2. Tom is the tallest in his class.（对画线部分提问）
________________________________________________
第三层 拓展探究（挑战）
一、用比较级表达最高级
将下列句子改为比较级表达最高级的同义句。
1. Shanghai is the largest city in China.
________________________________________________
2. This is the most delicious food I have ever eaten.
________________________________________________
二、书面表达
根据课件 Homework 的要求：
任务一：从 Unit 1—4 单词列表中选出 10 个形容词/副词，写出其最高级形式，并查阅是否正确。
任务二：用英语描述自己的“家乡之最”（如最美的景点、最美味的食物、最高的建筑、最有趣的节日等），写一篇不少于 80 词的短文，下节课分享。要求使用本课所学的最高级结构（the + 最高级 + in / of、one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数、序数词与最高级结合等）。
答案及解析
第一层 基础达标
一、1. latest；2. strangest；3. hottest；4. most comfortable；5. laziest；6. cutest；7. shyest；8. most honest；9. happiest；10. best。
解析：第 1、6 题 e 结尾加 -st；第 2、5、9 题辅音字母+y 变 i 加 -est；第 3 题重读闭音节双写 t 加 -est；第 4、8 题多音节加 most；第 7 题 shy 直接加 -est；第 10 题为不规则变化 best。
二、1. tallest；2. highest；3. kindest；4. coldest；5. difficult；6. best。
解析：第 1—4 题为单音节词直接加 -est；第 5 题多音节词，most 已给出，填 difficult；第 6 题 good 为不规则变化 best。
三、1. C；2. A；3. C；4. A；5. C。
解析：第 1 题最高级标志词 in，用 tallest；第 2 题 one of 结构中最高级前必须有 the；第 3 题序数词与最高级结合仍用 the；第 4 题形容词性物主代词 my 修饰最高级，不再用 the；第 5 题副词最高级，the 可省。
第二层 能力提升
一、1. the interestingest → the most interesting（多音节词用 most + 原级）。
2. one of most famous → one of the most famous（one of 结构中 the 不能省）。
3. the baddest → the worst（bad 为不规则变化）。
二、1. largest（序数词与最高级结合）；2. busy（as...as 中间用原级）；3. careful（多音节词，most 已给出）；4. farther / further（than 提示用比较级）；5. happier（the + 比较级, the + 比较级 结构）；6. greatest（one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数，意为“最伟大的发明家之一”）。
三、highest, longest, famous, oldest, best, expensive, proper。
解析：high—highest；long—longest；most famous 中 famous 用原形；old—oldest；good—best（不规则）；most expensive 中 expensive 用原形；most proper 中 proper 用原形。
四、1. Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.（用比较级表达最高级含义，加 any other + 名词单数）。
2. Who is the tallest in his class （对主语的最高级描述提问用 Who 引导）。
第三层 拓展探究
一、1. Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.（比较级 + than any other + 名词单数 = 最高级）。
2. This is more delicious than any other food I have ever eaten.（同上，注意 any other + 名词单数）。
二、书面表达示例：
My Hometown's Best
My hometown is a beautiful place. The most beautiful place in my
hometown is the West Lake. I think it is one of the most famous
lakes in China. Every year, thousands of tourists come to visit it.
The most delicious food in my hometown is the beggar's chicken.
It smells wonderful and tastes the best. The tallest building in my
hometown is the TV Tower. It is over 300 metres high. I think autumn
is the most comfortable season here. I love my hometown best.
评分参考：内容完整（最美的景点、最美味的食物、最高的建筑、最舒适的季节，各 5 分，共 20 分）；正确运用最高级结构（10 分）；行文连贯、书写工整（5 分）。共 35 分。
第 页Unit 4 SectionA Grammar Focus(3a~3c) 学习任务单
任务一 写出下列单词的最高级形式
1. late ______ 2. strange ______ 3. hot ______ 4. comfortable ______
5. lazy ______ 6. cute ______ 7. shy ______ 8. honest ______
9. happy ______ 10. good ______
答案：1. latest；2. strangest；3. hottest；4. most comfortable；5. laziest；6. cutest；7. shyest；8. most honest；9. happiest；10. best。
解析：第 1、6 题 e 结尾加 -st；第 2、5、9 题辅音字母+y 变 i 加 -est；第 3 题重读闭音节双写 t 加 -est；第 4、8 题多音节加 most；第 7 题 shy 直接加 -est；第 10 题为不规则变化。
任务二 用所给词的最高级形式填空（3b）
1. Among all animals, I love pandas the best. I think they are the __________ (cute) animals in the world.
2. Which do you think is the __________ (beautiful), the rose, the peony, or the lotus flower
3. Look at that butterfly! It has the __________ (colourful) wings.
4. Which animal jumps __________ (high), the lion, the monkey, or the tree frog
5. The elephant birds were the __________ (large) and __________ (heavy) birds ever on earth.
答案：1. cutest；2. the most beautiful；3. the most colourful；4. (the) highest；5. largest, heaviest。
解析：第 1、5 题单音节词直接加 -est；第 2、3 题多音节词加 most；第 4 题副词最高级前 the 可省；第 5 题 and 连接两个并列最高级，第二个 the 保留。
任务三 单项选择
1. Tom is the __________ boy in his class.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest
2. Who runs __________ in your group
A. fast B. faster C. (the) fastest
3. This is one of __________ places in China.
A. the most famous B. the famous C. most famous
4. The Yangtze River is __________ longest river in China.
A. a B. an C. the
5. She is my __________ friend.
A. best B. the best C. better
6. Julia is taller than __________ in her class.
A. any girl B. any other girl C. the other girls
答案：1. C；2. C；3. A；4. C；5. A；6. B。
解析：第 1 题最高级标志词 in，用 tallest；第 2 题副词最高级，the 可省；第 3 题 one of 结构中最高级前必须有 the；第 4 题序数词与最高级结合仍用 the；第 5 题形容词性物主代词 my 修饰最高级，不再用 the；第 6 题用比较级表达最高级含义，加 any other + 名词单数。
任务四 句型转换
1. Julia is the tallest girl in her class.（改为同义句，用比较级）
________________________________________________
2. Tom is the tallest in his class.（对画线部分 the tallest 提问）
________________________________________________
3. The blue whale is the largest animal in the world.（改为一般疑问句）
________________________________________________
4. Beijing is one of the largest cities in the world.（改为否定句）
________________________________________________
答案：
1. Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.
2. Who is the tallest in his class
3. Is the blue whale the largest animal in the world
4. Beijing is not one of the largest cities in the world.
解析：第 1 题用比较级表达最高级含义；第 2 题对主语的最高级描述提问用 Who 引导；第 3 题含 be 动词，把 is 提到句首；第 4 题含 be 动词，在 is 后加 not。
任务五 汉译英
1. 蓝鲸是世界上最大和最重的动物。
________________________________________________
2. 猎豹在所有陆地动物中跑得最快。
________________________________________________
3. 我认为竹子是世界上最有用的植物。
________________________________________________
4. 这是我最有趣的植物。
________________________________________________
答案：
1. The blue whale is the largest and the heaviest animal in the world.
2. The cheetah runs (the) fastest among all land animals.
3. I think the most useful plant in the world is bamboo.
4. It is perhaps the most interesting plant in the world.
解析：第 1 题 and 连接两个最高级，第二个 the 通常保留；第 2 题副词最高级前 the 可省；第 3、4 题多音节词加 most，最高级前有 the。
答案及解析
任务一解析：集中考查最高级的构成规则，覆盖 e 结尾、辅音字母+y、重读闭音节双写、多音节加 most 以及不规则变化 good—best，是本课基础。
任务二解析：对应 3b，考查单句语境中最髙级形式的选择，重点辨析形容词与副词最高级前 the 的取舍。
任务三解析：六道题分别考查最高级的标志词、one of 结构、序数词与最高级连用、物主代词修饰最高级、比较级表最高级，均为本课重难点。
任务四解析：最高级的句式转换，特别是比较级与最高级的等价互换，是本课难点。
任务五解析：对应 3a 五个观察句，考查最高级句型在真实语境中的运用。
第 页Unit 4 SectionA Grammar Focus(3a~3c) 知识清单
一、重点词汇（New words）
land 名词 陆地。the biggest land animal 最大的陆地动物。
African 形容词 非洲的。the African elephant 非洲象。
rose 名词 玫瑰。the rose, the peony, or the lotus flower 玫瑰、牡丹或莲花。
peony 名词 牡丹。
lotus 名词 莲花。
butterfly 名词 蝴蝶。the most colourful wings 最绚丽的翅膀。
wing 名词 翅膀。
frog 名词 青蛙。the tree frog 树蛙。
weigh 动词 重；称重。Some could weigh up to 860 kg. 有些重达 860 公斤。
kg 名词 千克（公斤）。
ginkgo 名词 银杏。the ginkgo tree 银杏树。
province 名词 省。in Shaanxi Province 在陕西省。
take a walk 短语 散步。one of the most popular activities is to take a walk under ginkgo trees。
二、最高级的构成
（一）规则变化
第 1 类 一般情况直接加 -est：tall—tallest, short—shortest, fast—fastest, long—longest。
第 2 类 e 结尾加 -st：large—largest, late—latest, cute—cutest。
第 3 类 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写加 -est：big—biggest, fat—fattest, thin—thinnest, hot—hottest。
第 4 类 辅音字母+y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -est：easy—easiest, heavy—heaviest, early—earliest, happy—happiest, shy—shyest, lazy—laziest。
第 5 类 多音节词和部分双音节词，most + 原级：beautiful—most beautiful, popular—most popular, comfortable—most comfortable, honest—most honest, strange—strangest。
口诀：一般 -est；e 结尾 -st；重读闭音节双写 -est；辅音+y 变 i -est；多音节 most + 原级。
（二）不规则变化
good（形容词）/ well（副词）— best。例：She is the best student in the class. He plays the piano best among us.
bad（形容词）/ badly（副词）— worst。例：This is the worst movie I've ever seen.
many（形容词）/ much（副词）— most。例：This is the most interesting book I've read. She works most efficiently in the team.
little（形容词/副词）— least。例：He has the least experience in this field.
far（形容词/副词）— farthest（具体距离）/ furthest（抽象意义）。
old — older / elder（比较级）— oldest / eldest（最高级）。
提醒：不规则变化需特殊记忆。
三、最高级的用法
1. 表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个，后面可用 in / of / among 的短语说明比较范围。
形容词最高级前一般要加 the；副词最高级前的 the 可以省去。
例：The blue whale is the largest and heaviest animal in the world.（形容词，有 the）
The cheetah runs (the) fastest among all land animals.（副词，the 可省）
2. 范围介词的选择：某一地点范围内的比较用 in；同一类事物范围内的比较用 of；among 用于三者或三者以上之间。
例：In my country, July is the hottest month of the year.（同类用 of）
3. 如果最高级前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等修饰语时，则不再用定冠词 the。
例：This is my worst performance. She is Lucy's best friend.
四、五大常用结构
结构 1：the + 形容词或副词最高级 + in / of 短语，表示“最……的”。
例：Tom is the tallest in his class. Tom runs (the) fastest of all the students.
结构 2：序数词与最高级结合。例：The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world.
结构 3：one of the + 形容词或副词最高级 + 名词复数，表示“最……之一”。
例：Beijing is one of the largest cities in the world.
结构 4：特殊疑问句中的最高级。例：Which animal jumps the highest, the lion, the monkey, or the tree frog Who is the kindest person in your family
结构 5：用比较级表达最高级的含义。例：Julia is taller than any other girl in her class. = Julia is the tallest girl in her class.
五、比较级与最高级对比
相同点：适用对象相同，都是形容词和副词；构成规则对应。
比较级加 -er，最高级加 -est；e 结尾比较级加 -r、最高级加 -st；辅音字母+y 比较级变 -ier、最高级加 -est；重读闭音节双写加 -er / -est；多音节词比较级加 more、最高级加 most。
不同点：适用范围不同——比较级用于两者，最高级用于三者或三者以上。标志词不同——比较级的标志词有 than, a little, a lot, much, even；最高级的标志词有 the, in, of。
六、易错点归纳
1. 多音节词误加 -est。误：the interestingest movie. 正：the most interesting movie.
2. one of 结构中漏掉 the。误：one of most famous places. 正：one of the most famous places.
3. bad 的最高级误写。误：the baddest day. 正：the worst day.（不规则变化）
4. 物主代词与 the 连用。误：This is the my best friend. 正：This is my best friend.
5. elder 与 older 的区别：elder / eldest 主要用于表示家庭成员的长幼关系，不与 than 连用；older / oldest 可表示年龄大小，可与 than 连用。
6. far 的两个最高级：表示具体距离用 farthest；表示抽象意义用 furthest。
7. and 连接两个并列最高级时，第二个最高级的 the 通常保留：the largest and the heaviest animal。
七、话题功能句（Think and share）
1. Which kind of animal do you think is the cutest I think pandas are the cutest.
2. Which kind of flower do you think is the most beautiful I think the lotus is the most beautiful.
3. What fruit do you think is the sweetest I think watermelons are the sweetest.
4. Which subject do you think is the most interesting I think English is the most interesting.
5. Which season do you think is the most comfortable I think autumn is the most comfortable.
6. Which sport do you think is the most exciting I think basketball is the most exciting.
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