资源简介

OD3
Words
A
Word Phonetic Meaning Example Sentence
The kids love to kick the ball around the
kick /k k/ v.踢
field.
n.标签；捉人游戏 v.给...加标签
tag /t ɡ/ We played a game of tag during recess.
；捉住
skip /sk p/ v.跳；跳过；省略 The girls skip rope every afternoon.
bounce /ba ns/ v.使弹起；拍（球） Can you bounce the basketball 50 times
drop /dr p/ v.使落下；掉下 Be careful not to drop the glass.
plain /ple n/ n.平原 adj.朴素的；简单的 A wide plain stretched out before them.
lake /le k/ n.湖 We went swimming in the lake.
/ k nj n The Grand Canyon is very deep and
canyon n.峡谷
/ beautiful.
cliff /kl f/ n.悬崖 The eagle built its nest high on the cliff.
A small stream flows through the
stream /stri m/ n.小溪 v.流
woods.
Before You Read
Word Phonetic Meaning Example Sentence
boa / b The boa constrictor is a large, non-venomous
n.蟒蛇；王蛇
constrictor k n str kt / snake that squeezes its prey.
toss /t s/ v.抛，扔 Let's toss a coin to decide who goes first.
n.着陆；楼梯
landing / l nd / The airplane made a smooth landing.
平台
n.平衡 v.使
balance / b l ns/ It takes practice to balance on a bicycle.
平衡
Read
The Red Rubber Ball
High up on Antuco Mountain,Carlos kicks his red rubber ball so hard that it flies high in
the sky like a shooting star.
Far across the world, Ashanti is playing Da Ga with her friends. It's Ashanti's turn to be Da
Ga, the boa constrictor, so she goes into the center of the circle. Her friends dance and skip
around her while she acts like a snake and tries to tag the next Da Ga. It's fun to catch them.
Ashanti is tagging a friend when something red drops out of the sky into the circle. Where did
this come from There is no ball in Da Ga!
重点单词
Word Phonetic Meaning Example Sentence
rubber / r b r/ n.橡胶 Carlos kicks his red rubber ball.
shoot / u t/ v.射击；飞速移动 The ball flies like a shooting star.
skip /sk p/ v.蹦跳，跳跃 Her friends dance and skip around her.
tag /t ɡ/ v.触碰；捉到 She tries to tag the next Da Ga.
act / kt/ v.行动；扮演，举止像 She acts like a snake.
drop /drɑ p/ v.掉落，落下 Something red drops out of the sky.
常用搭配、短语
high up on...：高耸在……之上
so... that...：如此……以至于……
like a shooting star：像一颗流星
across the world：在世界另一端
It's one's turn to do sth.：轮到某人做某事了
go into the center：进入中心
act like：表现得像……，模仿
try to do sth.：尝试/试图做某事
drop out of：从……掉出来/掉落
语法要点：
现在进行时
功能：描述正在发生的动作或当前一段时间内持续进行的动作。在这个故事中，它用于营造生动、即时的
场景。
结构：be动词 (am/is/are) +动词的现在分词 (-ing形式)。
例句：
Ashanti is playing Da Ga.（阿散蒂正在玩 Da Ga。）
Her friends are dancing and skipping.（她的朋友们正在跳舞和蹦跳。）
“when”引导的时间状语从句（表示“就在这时”）
功能：表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个意想不到的动作突然发生。这里的 when不能翻译成“当……时候
”，更接近“就在这时/突然”。
结构：主句 (正在进行的动作) + when +从句 (突然发生的动作)。
例句：
Ashanti is tagging a friend when something red drops out of the sky...（阿散蒂正要抓住一个朋友，就在这时一
个红色的东西从天上掉了下来……）
“while”引导的时间状语从句
功能：表示两个动作同时进行，且持续一段时间。
结构：主句 + while +从句 (从句常用进行时态)。
例句：
Her friends dance and skip around her while she acts like a snake...（她的朋友们围着她跳舞蹦跳，与此同时她
模仿着蛇的行为……）
“It”作形式主语
功能：It作为形式主语，代替句尾的不定式（to do sth.）或动名词等真正的主语，使句子结构更平衡。
结构：It + be动词 +形容词/名词 + to do sth.。
例句：
It's fun to catch them.（抓住他们很有趣。）
这里，It代替了 to catch them这个真正的
Ashanti laughs. She bounces the ball as hard as she can. It flies high and fast across the sky until she
can't see it anymore. It flies over a forest, white cliffs, and a big blue ocean.
Far away, Hyo and his brother are playing Omok. Hyo plays with little dark pebbles, and his brother
plays with little white ones. Hyo tries to line up five of his stones to win. Winning isn't easy. Hyo is
finding the perfect place to put his stone when something red rolls into the middle of the game. What's
this You don't need a ball to play Omok!
重点单词
Word Phonetic Meaning Example Sentence
bounce /ba ns/ v.拍（球）；使弹起 She bounces the ball as hard as she can.
cliff /kl f/ n.悬崖，峭壁 It flies over a forest and white cliffs.
pebble / peb.l / n.鹅卵石，小石子 Hyo plays with little dark pebbles.
roll /ro l/ v.滚动 Something red rolls into the middle of the game.
常用搭配与短语
as hard as one can 竭尽全力地，用尽全力地
not... anymore 不再……
fly over 飞越
far away 在远处，遥远地
line up 使排成行，排列
语法要点：
状语从句：until & when
until 引导的时间状语从句：表示主句的动作持续到从句所表示的时间为止。意为“直到……为止”。
例句：It flies ... until she can't see it anymore.（它一直飞……直到她再也看不见它为止。）
when 引导的时间状语从句（表示“就在这时”）：再次出现，强调一个动作（正在发生或即将发生）
时，另一个动作突然打断它。
例句：Hyo is finding the perfect place ... when something red rolls into ...（孝正在寻找最佳位置，就
在这时，一个红色的东西滚了进来……）
现在进行时
功能：继续用于描述正在进行的场景，营造身临其境的感觉。
例句：
Hyo and his brother are playing Omok.（孝和他的兄弟正在玩奥赛罗棋。）
Hyo is finding the perfect place...（孝正在寻找最佳的位置……）
动名词作主语
功能：动名词（动词-ing形式）具有名词的性质，可以在句子中充当主语。
例句：
Winning isn't easy.（获胜可不容易。）
这里，“Winning”（获胜这件事）是句子的主语。
Hyo smiles. Then he throws the ball as hard as he can. It flies far into the sky, over plains and seas.
The Fernandez family is playing La Thunkuna. Papa draws boxes in the sand. Mama writes names in the
boxes, one for each day of the week. Matias tosses a stone, and Maria jumps over it. She lands in the next
box without stepping on the line. Maria likes landing on one foot, and she puts her arms out to keep her
balance. Something round bounces on her foot. Hey! What's this There is no ball in this game!
重点单词
Word Phonetic Meaning Example Sentence
plain /ple n/ n.平原 It flies over plains and seas.
toss /t s/ v. 抛，扔 Matias tosses a stone.
land /l nd/ v.落下；着陆 She lands in the next box.
step /step/ v. 踩，踏 ...without stepping on the line.
balance / b l. ns/ n.平衡 She puts her arms out to keep her balance.
bounce /ba ns/ v.弹起，反弹 Something round bounces on her foot.
常用搭配与短语
as hard as one can：竭尽全力（再次出现，需掌握）
draw... in the sand：在沙地上画……
each day of the week：一周中的每一天
jump over：跳过
without doing sth.：没有做某事
step on the line：踩线
land on one foot：单脚落地
put one's arms out：伸出双臂
语法要点：
一般现在时
功能：这是描述当前发生的事实、习惯或客观真理时最核心的时态。在这个故事性语段中，它被用来
叙述一个接一个的动作，营造出一种即时、生动的画面感。
例句：
Hyo smiles. Then he throws the ball...
Papa draws boxes... Mama writes names...
Matias tosses a stone, and Maria jumps over it.
介词“over”的用法
功能：表示“在……上方飞越/越过”或“跳过”。
例句：
It flies far into the sky, over plains and seas.（飞越）
Maria jumps over it.（跳过）
“without” + 动名词
功能：表示“在没有做某事的情况下”完成了主句的动作，作方式状语。
结构：without + 动词-ing形式
例句：
She lands ... without stepping on the line.（她在没有踩到线的情况下落入了下一个格子。）
“and”连接并列动作
功能：连接两个连续的或伴随发生的动作。
例句：
Matias tosses a stone, and Maria jumps over it.（连接连续动作）
...she puts her arms out to keep her balance.（表目的）
Everyone laughs. Maria tosses the ball in the air, and Matias kicks it up into the sky. The whole
family watches as the ball goes up and up until they can't see it anymore. High in the sky, the ball
flies over lakes, canyons, and streams. Carlos holds out his arms and catches his red rubber ball. He is
the only boy playing on Antuco Mountain today, but he is not sad. Carlos has friends all over the
world.
重点单词
Word Phonetic Meaning Example Sentence
toss /t s/ v.轻抛，扔 Maria tosses the ball in the air.
canyon / k nj n/ n.峡谷 The ball flies over lakes, canyons, and streams.
stream /stri m/ n.溪流 The ball flies over lakes, canyons, and streams.
hold out /ho ld a t/ v.伸出 Carlos holds out his arms and catches the ball.
常用搭配与短语
in the air：在空中
kick up：向上踢
watch... as...：一边观看……一边……
up and up：越来越高
not... anymore：不再……（再次出现）
all over the world：全世界
语法要点：
and”连接并列谓语
功能：连接由同一主语发出的两个连续或相关的动作，使叙述更紧凑。
例句：
Maria tosses the ball in the air, and Matias kicks it up into the sky. （两个不同主语的并列句）
Carlos holds out his arms and catches his red rubber ball.（同一主语的并列谓语）
“as”引导的时间状语从句
功能：表示“当……时候”，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。
例句：
The whole family watches as the ball goes up and up...（全家人看着球越飞越高……）
现在进行时表示当前状态
功能：描述在特定当前时间点（今天）正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
例句：
He is the only boy playing on Antuco Mountain today...（他是今天唯一一个在安图科山上玩的孩子……）
这里“is playing”强调了“他今天正在这里玩”这个当前的状态。
“not... but...”结构
功能：表示转折，意为“不是……而是……”，用于连接两个在意义上形成对比的并列成分。
例句：
He is the only boy ..., but he is not sad.（他是唯一的孩子，但他并不难过。）
Grammar
动名词
1.核心概念
定义： 动名词是由“动词原形 + -ing”构成的一种动词形式。它在句子中起名词的作用。
功能： 因为它同时具有动词和名词的特性，所以动名词可以充当句子的主语、宾语、表语等。
2.构成规则
基本规则： 大多数动词直接在其后加上 -ing。
例： verb → verbing
read → reading
eat → eating
watch → watching
特殊规则：以不发音的“e”结尾的动词： 去“e”再加 -ing。
dance → dancing
write → writing
skate → skating
以“ie”结尾的动词： 将“ie”变为“y”再加 -ing。
lie → lying
die → dying
tie → tying
以“辅音-元音-辅音”结尾且重读闭音节的动词： 双写最后的辅音字母，再加 -ing。
run → running
swim → swimming
skip → skipping (如您例子中的 skip → skipping)
3.句法功能（在句子中的角色）
动名词可以在句子中充当多种名词性成分：
作宾语 -这是非常常见的用法，跟在某些动词之后。
例句：
Ashanti's friends like skipping.
（“skipping”是动词 “like”的宾语。）
Maria enjoys dancing.
（“dancing”是动词 “enjoys”的宾语。）
常用后接动名词的动词： like（喜欢）, love（爱）, enjoy（享受）, hate（讨厌）, practice（练习）, finish（
完成）, suggest（建议）, mind（介意）等。
作主语 -动名词可以放在句首，作为句子的主语。
例句：
Skipping is good exercise.
（“Skipping”是整个句子的主语。）
Reading books can be very relaxing.
（“Reading books”是主语。）
作表语 -放在系动词（如 be动词）之后，说明主语是什么。
例句：
Her favorite hobby is skipping.
（“skipping”用来说明主语 “hobby”是什么。）
One of the moves in her routine is landing on one foot.
（“landing on one foot”说明主语 “one of the moves”。）
4.动名词的动词特性
尽管动名词是名词性的，但它仍然保留了一些动词的特性：
可以带宾语：
She likes reading books.（“books”是动名词 “reading”的宾语。）
可以被状语修饰：
Landing on one foot is difficult. （“on one foot”是修饰 “landing”的状语。）
总结：
动名词（Verb + -ing）是一个非常有用的语法结构，它让动词能够像名词一样在句子中充当主要成分。记
住它的构成规则和在句中的功能（尤其是作宾语），是掌握它的关键。

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