Unit 8 Reduce,Reuse,Recycle(复习讲义)(解析版)

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Unit 8 Reduce,Reuse,Recycle(复习讲义)(解析版)

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Unit 8 1198880012446000Reduce,Reuse,Recycle(复习讲义)
复习要点
1. 核心词汇与短语
掌握与环境相关的词汇,如:waste、rubbish、pollution、recycle、reuse、reduce、environment、chemical、damage、harmful、landfill、container 等;熟记短语,如:reduce waste、recycle materials、deal with、be proud of、be used to、take action、throw away、make a difference 等。2. 语法核心
学习并掌握状语从句和宾语从句;能判断从句类型,正确使用 because、if、though、so that、while、whether、how、as soon as 等连接词;能在语境中完成连词填空和句子仿写。
口语写作板块
能讨论水污染、垃圾污染、光污染等环境问题;能提出环保建议,如 reduce、reuse、recycle;能写简单的环保倡议书或介绍自己的环保行动。
复习重难点
重点:环保主题词汇和短语的运用;状语从句与宾语从句的理解;垃圾分类和 “3R” 环保原则;阅读和听力中获取环境问题及解决措施的信息。
难点:正确使用连接词引导状语从句和宾语从句;区分 pollution、waste、rubbish、recycle、reuse 等词的语境用法;用英语有条理地分析污染原因并提出合理建议。
单元考点:单词、短语、句型
知识点1:Many things we use daily, like glass bottles and plastic bags, can be reused.
许多我们日常使用的物品,比如玻璃瓶和塑料袋,都可以被重复利用。
【知识点】
1.plastic adj. 塑料的;n. 塑料(不可数)
例句:Don’t use plastic bags. 不要使用塑料袋。
reuse v. 重复使用(前缀 re - 表 “再次”,中考构词法考点)
拓展:recycle v. 回收;rebuild v. 重建;rewrite v. 重写
3.定语从句(省略关系代词 that/which)
? 规则:关系代词在定语从句作宾语时,可以省略;如果作主语,不能省略。
例句:The book (that) I bought yesterday is interesting.
我昨天买的那本书很有趣。(that 作 bought 宾语,可以省略)
??易错提醒:
The girl who is standing there is my sister.
who 在从句作主语,不能省略。
4.含情态动词的被动语态:can be reused
结构:情态动词 + be + 动词过去分词,译为 “能够被……”
例句:Waste paper can be recycled. 废纸可以被回收。
【即时小练】
Many things ______ we use daily can ______ (reuse).
【答案】that/which;be reused
【详解】第一空:先行词 many things,定语从句缺 use 的宾语,填 that/which,也可以省略;
第二空:情态动词 can 后面接被动结构 can be + 过去分词,reuse 的过去分词 reused,填 be reused。
知识点2:We can also donate our clothes, books, and toys to people who need them.
我们也可以把衣物、书籍和玩具捐给需要它们的人。
【知识点】
1.donate /d???ne?t/v. 捐赠;捐献
donate sth. to sb. 把某物捐赠给某人
拓展名词:donation n. 捐赠物;捐款
例句:We donate some money to the poor kids.我们给贫困孩子捐一些钱。
2.定语从句(who 引导,先行词是人)
结构:先行词 + who + 从句(who 在从句充当主语)
例句:The girl who helps me is my classmate.
那个帮助我的女孩是我的同学。
对比区分
who:先行词是人,在从句作主语 / 宾语
which:先行词是物
that:人 / 物都可以
【即时小练】
1.We can donate books to people ______ (who/which) ______ (need) them.
【答案】who;need
【详解】第一空先行词 people 是人,用关系词 who;which 只能指代物,不能选。
第二空:定语从句主语 who 指代 people(复数),一般现在时,谓语动词用原形 need。
2.We can give old clothes to people ______ need them.
A. which B. who C. what D. whom
【答案】B
【详解】先行词 people 是人,关系词在从句中作主语,用 who。
which 指代物;what不能引导定语从句;whom 只能在从句作宾语,不能做主语,排除 A、C、D。
知识点3:I think we can solve the problem if everyone follows the three Rs!
我认为如果每个人都遵守 3R 原则,我们就能解决这个问题!
【知识点】
1.everyone /?evriw?n/pron. 每人;人人
复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数
例句:Everyone likes the interesting film.
每个人都喜欢这部有趣的电影。
2.宾语从句(引导词 that 省略)
I think + (that) 宾语从句,that 是宾语从句的引导词,在从句中不充当任何成分,因此可以省略。
规则:主句是 I think / I believe / I hope 等表达观点的结构时,宾语从句的 that 常省略。
例句:I think (that) we should protect the environment.
我认为我们应该保护环境。
①引导条件状语从句:意为 “如果”,时态遵循主情 / 主将 / 主祈从现
例句:If he comes, I will tell you.(条件状语从句,如果)
如果他来,我会告诉你。
②引导宾语从句:意为 “是否”,时态根据实际时间变化
例句:I don't know if he will come tomorrow.(宾语从句,是否)
我不知道他明天是否会来。
【即时小练】
1.I think we can solve the problem if everyone ______ (follow) the rules.
【答案】follows
【详解】if 引导条件状语从句,遵循主情从现原则;从句主语 everyone 是不定代词,视为第三人称单数,一般现在时谓语动词用三单形式 follows。
2.—I don't know if it ______ tomorrow.
—Don't worry. If it ______, we will stay at home.
A. rains; rains B. will rain; rains C. rains; will rain D. will rain; will rain
【答案】B
【详解】第一空:if 引导宾语从句,意为 “是否”,tomorrow 表将来时间,用一般将来时 will rain;
第二空:if 引导条件状语从句,意为 “如果”,遵循主将从现原则,从句用一般现在时,主语 it 是三单,填 rains。
知识点4:While one might think that he is just out for exercise, he is actually working.
虽然有人会以为他只是外出锻炼,但他其实是在工作。
【知识点】
1.while 引导让步状语从句
含义:“虽然,尽管”,表达转折关系,相当于 although/though
结构:While + 从句,主句
核心易错点:while/although/though 不能和 but 在同一个句子中连用
例句:While he is tired, he keeps working.尽管他很累,但他还在继续工作。
2.be out for sth. 意为 “外出做某事 / 为了某事外出”
例句:They are out for a picnic. 他们出去野餐了。
【即时小练】
1.While everyone ______ (think) the work is easy, he actually finds it difficult.
【答案】thinks
【详解】while 在此引导让步状语从句,意为 “虽然”,主从句都用一般现在时;从句主语 everyone 是不定代词,视为第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单形式 thinks。
2.______ she is not very strong, she still keeps cleaning the river bank every day.
A. But B. While C. Because D. If
【答案】B
【详解】前后句是让步关系 “虽然她不算强壮,但她仍坚持每天清理河岸”。while 可以引导让步状语从句;but 表转折但不能放在句首连接两个分句;because 表原因,if 表条件,均不符合语境。同时注意:although/while/though 不能与 but 连用。
知识点5:His job is to walk along the river and make sure that no one is fishing in it or polluting it.
他的工作就是沿河巡查,确保没有人在河里捕鱼或者污染河水。
【知识点】
1.不定式作表语
结构:主语(表职业、任务、梦想、目标的名词) + be + to do sth.
例句:Her dream is to be a teacher and help poor children.
她的梦想是成为一名老师,帮助贫困的孩子。
② make sure (that) 引导的宾语从句
make sure 后接 that 引导的宾语从句,that 无实际含义、在从句中不作任何成分,可以省略。
从句常用一般现在时或现在进行时,表达 “确保某事发生 / 某事正在被管控”。
例句:Make sure (that) you get to school on time.确保你准时到校。
③ 现在进行时的并列结构
现在进行时中,多个并列的现在分词可以共用同一个 be 动词。
例句:She is singing or dancing in the next room.
她正在隔壁房间唱歌或者跳舞。
【即时小练】
1.His job is ______ (walk) along the river and make sure no one ______ (fish) in it.
【答案】to walk;fishes
【详解】第一空:主语 his job 表示工作内容,表语用不定式 to walk,说明工作的具体事项;
第二空:no one 作从句主语,视为第三人称单数,一般现在时谓语动词用三单形式 fishes。
2.Our duty is to make sure ______ the rubbish is sorted correctly.
A. what B. that C. which D. who
【答案】B
【详解】make sure 后接宾语从句,从句 the rubbish is sorted correctly 结构完整、不缺主干成分,用 that 引导,that 可省略。
what/which/who 引导宾语从句时,必须在从句中充当主语 / 宾语等成分,不符合本句结构。
知识点6:Back then, parts of the river were smelly and yellow because of the waste from factories and homes.
那时候,部分河段又臭又黄,原因是来自工厂和家庭的废弃物。
【知识点】
1.parts of …… 的部分区域
主谓一致:parts of + 名词作主语时,中心词是 parts(复数),谓语动词用复数形式。
例句:Parts of the book are very interesting.
这本书的部分内容很有趣。
2.because of 因为;由于(介词短语)
高频易混:because of + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词;because + 完整句子
例句:He was absent because of illness. = He was absent because he was ill.
他因病缺席了。
【即时小练】
1.Back then, parts of the river ______ (be) smelly because of the waste from many ______ (factory).
【答案】were;factories
【详解】第一空:back then 是过去时间标志,主语 parts 是复数,一般过去时的 be 动词用 were;
第二空:many 后接可数名词复数,factory 以辅音 + y 结尾,变复数为 factories。
2.The river turned yellow ______ the waste water that came from the factory.
A. because B. because of C. so D. though
【答案】B
【详解】空格后是名词短语 the waste water,需要用介词短语 because of。
知识点7:As a result, the number of fish and plants in the river was dropping quickly.
结果,河里鱼和植物的数量在快速下降。
【知识点】
the number of 引导的主谓一致
句子主语核心是 the number(单数概念),of fish and plants 是介词短语作后置定语,修饰 number,因此谓语动词要用单数形式。
口诀:the number of 用单数,a number of 用复数。
例句:
The number of pandas is getting smaller.(单数,主语是 number)
A number of pandas are living in Sichuan.(复数,主语是 pandas)
【即时小练】
1.As a result, the number of animals in the forest ______ (be) dropping quickly.
【答案】was
【详解】主语核心是 the number,为单数概念,主谓一致用单数形式;结合课文描述过去的语境,用一般过去时 was。
2.______ fish in the river is increasing ______ the better environment.
A. A number of; because
B. The number of; because
C. A number of; because of
D. The number of; because of
【答案】D
【详解】第一空:谓语动词是 is(单数),说明主语是单数概念,用 the number of(…… 的数量,中心词是 number,表单数);a number of 后接复数名词,谓语用复数,排除 A、C。
第二空:空格后是名词短语 the better environment,用介词短语 because of;because 后必须接完整句子,排除 B。
知识点8:New waste centres were built to clean the wastewater before it went into the river.
新建了废物处理中心,在污水排入河流之前净化污水。
【知识点】
1.一般过去时的被动语态
被动语态适用场景:不知道动作执行者、强调动作承受者时使用。
例句:Many trees were planted last spring. 去年春天种了很多树。
2.before 作连词引导时间状语从句(意为 “在…… 之前”)
核心时态规则:主将从现、主过从过、主情从现,从句永远不用将来时。
①主将从现(主句一般将来时,从句一般现在时)
I will finish my homework before I watch TV.
我会在看电视之前完成作业。
②主过从过(主句一般过去时,从句一般过去时)
He left the office before it rained heavily.
他在大雨来临前离开了办公室。
③主情从现(主句含情态动词,从句一般现在时)
You must check your paper carefully before you hand it in.
你交卷前必须仔细检查试卷。
【即时小练】
New waste centres ______ (build) to clean the wastewater before it ______ (go) into the river.
【答案】were built;went
【详解】第一空:主语 New waste centres 是动作 build 的承受者,需用被动语态;句子描述过去的事件,用一般过去时的被动,主语是复数,因此填 were built。
第二空:before 引导时间状语从句,遵循 “主过从过” 的时态规则,从句用一般过去时,go 的过去式为 went。
知识点9:Now he feels happy because he has a good job and a steady income.
现在他很开心,因为他拥有一份不错的工作和稳定的收入。
【知识点】
1.steady /?stedi/adj. 稳定的;稳固的
高频搭配:steady income 稳定收入;steady growth 稳定增长
例句:He has a steady job in the government.
他在政府部门有一份稳定的工作。
2.because 引导的原因状语从句
结构:主句(表结果) + because + 从句(表原因)
时态规则:主现从现,主过从过,主从句时态保持一致
例句:The fish in the river became fewer and fewer before because people polluted the water.
以前河里的鱼越来越少,因为人们污染了水源。
3.感官系动词 + 形容词作表语
本句中 feels happy 是典型的 “系动词 + 表语” 结构:
feel 是感官系动词,本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,后面必须接形容词作表语,说明主语的状态。
常考 5 个感官系动词(feel/look/sound/smell/taste)
?? 中考常见陷阱:误用副词修饰系动词
? 错误:He feels happily.
? 正确:He feels happy.
例句:The clean river water feels cool in summer. 夏天清澈的河水摸起来很清凉。
【即时小练】
1.He feels happy because he ______ (have) a steady income.
【答案】has
【详解】because 引导原因状语从句,从句主语 he 是第三人称单数,句子为一般现在时,谓语动词 have 要用第三人称单数形式 has。
2.Tom feels ______ because he wins the match.
A. happy B. happily C. happiness D. happiest
【答案】A
【详解】句中 feels 是感官系动词,后面需要接形容词作表语,描述主语的感受,因此用形容词 happy。happily 是副词,happiness 是名词,均不能跟在系动词后;本句无比较范围,不用最高级 happiest,排除 B、C、D。
知识点10:He is also glad to see that the Yangtze River has returned to what it used to be like when he was a child.
他也很高兴看到长江变回了他儿时曾经的模样。
【知识点】
1.glad /ɡl?d/adj. 高兴的;乐意的
be glad to do sth. 很高兴做某事
同义表达:be happy /pleased to do sth.
例句:I'm glad to join the river protection volunteer team. 我很高兴加入河流保护志愿队。
2.return /r??t??n/v. 返回;恢复;归还
return to + 地点 / 状态 回到某地;恢复成某状态
例句:When spring comes, the nature returns to life. 春天到来时,大自然恢复了生机。
3.used to 过去常常;曾经
used to + 动词原形,专门描述过去的状态 / 动作,现在已不再发生
例句:There used to be much rubbish along the river bank. 过去河岸边上曾经有很多垃圾。
4.what 引导的宾语从句(作介词 to 的宾语)
介词后面也可以接宾语从句。本句中 what 在从句里作介词 like 的宾语,意为 “…… 的样子 /…… 的状态”。
易错点:此处不能换成 that。that 在宾语从句中不充当任何成分,而本从句里 be like 后缺少宾语,必须用 what 来填充。
例句:The school is no longer what it used to be like ten years ago.这所学校已经不再是十年前的样子了。
5.when 引导的时间状语从句
when 在此引导时间状语从句,描述过去的时间背景;主从句时态保持一致,都用过去相关时态。
例句:He often swam in this river when he was a little boy.他小时候经常在这条河里游泳。
【即时小练】
1.He is glad ______ (see) that the river has returned to what it used ______ (be) like when he ______ (be) young.
【答案】to see;to be;was
【详解】第一空:考查固定搭配 be glad to do sth.,意为 “很高兴做某事”,填 to see;
第二空:考查固定结构 used to do sth.,意为 “过去曾经……”,填 to be;
第三空:when 引导时间状语从句,描述过去的状态,主语是 he,be 动词用 was。
2.We are happy to see ______ our hometown has returned to ______ it used to be like years ago.
A. that; what B. what; that C. that; that D. what; what
【答案】A
【详解】第一空:动词 see 后接宾语从句,从句结构完整、不缺主干成分,用 that 引导,that 可省略;
第二空:介词 to 后接宾语从句,从句中 be like 缺少宾语,需要用 what 表示 “…… 的样子”,因此选 A。
单元语法:复合句(宾语从句 + 状语从句)
【知识点1】
宾语从句
1. 基本概念
在句子中充当动词 / 介词宾语的完整句子,叫作宾语从句。
基本结构:主句 + 引导词 + 宾语从句(必须用陈述语序:主语在前,谓语在后)
2. 三类常见引导词
(1)that 引导
用法:从句是语义完整的陈述句,that 只起连接作用,无实际含义,口语和非正式文体中常省略。
例句:
① I never realized that there are so many kinds of rubbish.
我从来没意识到垃圾有这么多种类。
② Most people don't know (that) light pollution harms their sleep.
大多数人不知道光污染会影响睡眠。
(2)whether /if 引导
用法:从句来源于一般疑问句,意为 “是否”,常跟在 know、wonder、ask 等动词后;句中出现 or 表选择时,优先用 whether。
例句:
① I don't know whether we should throw away or reuse this bottle.
我不知道这个塑料瓶该扔掉还是重复利用。
② I wonder if he will join the river protection team.
我想知道他是否会加入护河队。
(3)连接副词 why /how/when 引导
用法:从句来源于特殊疑问句,保留疑问含义:why 表原因、how 表方式、when 表时间;从句必须用陈述语序。
例句:
① Do you know why air pollution is getting worse?
你知道为什么空气污染越来越严重吗?
② Can you tell me how harmful chemicals get into our bodies?
你能告诉我有害化学物质是如何进入人体的吗?
【知识点2】
状语从句
1. 原因状语从句:because
用法:引导从句说明动作发生的原因,意为 “因为”,后接完整的主谓句子。
?? 易错点:because 和 so 不能在同一个句子中连用。
例句:
① I wrote about air pollution because I'm really worried about it.
我写了关于空气污染的文章,因为我对此十分担忧。
② Some insects die because they are attracted to the bright light.
一些昆虫因为被强光吸引而死亡。
2. 时间状语从句:as soon as /when/before
(1)as soon as 一…… 就……
用法:引导时间状语从句,时态遵循「主将从现 / 主过从过」规则。
例句:
① We sort the rubbish as soon as it arrives.
垃圾一运到,我们就进行分类。
② I will call you as soon as I finish the work.
我一完成工作就给你打电话。
(2)when 当…… 时候
用法:引导时间状语从句,可指时间点,也可指时间段。
例句:
He often swam in the Yangtze River when he was a child.
他小时候经常在长江里游泳。
3. 让步状语从句:while /although
用法:意为 “虽然,尽管”,表达转折关系;可以和 though 互换。
?? 易错点:while /although 和 but 不能在同一个句子中连用。
例句:
① While recycling is good, not everything can be recycled.
虽然回收利用很好,但不是所有东西都能被回收。
② While he is old, he still works to protect the river.
虽然他年纪大了,但他仍为保护河流工作。
4. 条件状语从句:if /unless
(1)if 如果
用法:引导条件状语从句,时态遵循「主将从现 / 主情从现 / 主祈从现」。
例句:
If everyone follows the three Rs, we can solve the rubbish problem.
如果每个人都遵守 3R 原则,我们就能解决垃圾问题。
(2)unless 除非;如果不
用法:语义等价于 if...not,引导条件状语从句,时态规则与 if 一致。
例句:
We cannot deal with the problem unless everyone works together.
除非所有人齐心协力,否则我们解决不了这个问题。
= We cannot deal with the problem if everyone doesn't work together.
5. 结果状语从句:so...that...
结构:so + 形容词 / 副词 + that 从句
含义:如此…… 以至于……,that 引导结果状语从句。
例句:
① The road light is so bright that it causes traffic accidents.
路灯太亮了,以至于引发了交通事故。
② The river was so dirty that no fish could live in it.
这条河曾经脏得连鱼都无法生存。
【即时小练】
1.______ we have done a lot to protect the environment, there is still much work to do.
A. Because B. While C. If D. As soon as
【答案】B
【详解】前后句是让步关系 “虽然我们已经为环保做了很多,但仍有大量工作要做”。while 意为 “虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句;because 表原因,if 表条件,as soon as 表时间,均不符合语境。
2.I wonder ______ the new waste centre will be built in our town next year.
A. that B. what C. whether D. so
【答案】C
【详解】动词 wonder 后接宾语从句,句意为 “我想知道明年镇上会不会建新的废物处理中心”,表示 “是否” 用 whether;that 无实际含义,what 需在从句中充当主语 / 宾语,so 不能引导宾语从句。
3.We will start the river clean-up activity ______ the rain stops.
A. because B. as soon as C. unless D. though
【答案】B
【详解】句意为 “雨一停,我们就开始河道清理活动”。as soon as 意为 “一…… 就……”,引导时间状语从句,符合语境。
4.The river was ______ polluted ______ no fish could live in it ten years ago.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
【答案】A
【详解】考查结果状语从句 so...that... 结构。so 后接形容词 / 副词,此处 polluted 是形容词,用 so 修饰,that 后接完整从句;such 后需接名词短语,too...to... 后接动词原形,均不符合结构。
5.—Do you know ______ he didn’t come to the environment meeting?
—Because he had to look after his sick mother.
A. how B. why C. when D. whether
【答案】B
【详解】根据答语 because 可知问句询问原因,宾语从句用 why 引导,意为 “为什么”;how 表方式,when 表时间,whether 表是否。
6.You can’t improve the environment ______ you start doing small things like sorting rubbish.
A. if B. because C. unless D. when
【答案】C
【详解】句意为 “除非你从垃圾分类这类小事做起,否则你无法改善环境”。unless 意为 “除非,如果不”,引导条件状语从句,相当于 if...not;if 表 “如果”,逻辑相反。
7. Our teacher told us ______ the three Rs are important for protecting the earth.
A. what B. whether C. that D. why
【答案】C
【详解】动词 told 后接宾语从句,从句 “3R 原则对保护地球很重要” 是语义完整的陈述句,用 that 引导,that 无实际含义,可省略。
8.______ there is too much light at night, some birds cannot find their right way.
A. Because B. If C. While D. Although
【答案】A
【详解】前后句是因果关系 “因为夜晚光线过多,一些鸟类无法找到正确的方向”。because 引导原因状语从句;if 表条件,while/although 表让步,均不符合逻辑。
9.I don’t know ______ we can solve the light pollution problem successfully.(填适当连接词)
【答案】whether /if
【详解】动词 know 后接宾语从句,句意为 “我不知道我们能否成功解决光污染问题”,表示 “是否” 用 whether 或 if 引导均可。
10.He will go to the river bank to pick up rubbish ______ it is sunny tomorrow.(填适当连接词)
【答案】if
【详解】句意为 “如果明天天气晴朗,他就去河岸捡垃圾”。if 引导条件状语从句,遵循 “主将从现” 时态规则,符合语境。
一、单项选择题,所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.We should ______ the glass bottles instead of throwing them away, so we can cut down daily waste.
A. Reuse B. recycle C. pollute D. bury
【答案】A
【详解】考查单元核心动词辨析。reuse 意为 “重复使用”,指物品直接再次利用;recycle 意为 “回收利用”,指加工再造。句中 “玻璃瓶不扔掉,直接再次使用”,用 reuse 更贴合语境。
2.The river became dirty and smelly ______ the waste from the nearby factories and homes.
A. because B. because of C. so D. as a result
【答案】B
【详解】考查原因表达辨析。空格后是名词短语 the waste,用介词短语 because of;because 后必须接完整句子;so/as a result 表结果,不符合逻辑。
3.______ the three Rs are easy to remember, not everyone can follow them well in daily life.
A. Because B. If C. While D. As soon as
【答案】C
【详解】考查让步状语从句。while 意为 “虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句,前后句构成转折关系 “虽然 3R 原则好记,但不是所有人都能做好”,符合单元核心语法点。
4.We can’t protect the environment well ______ each of us takes small action in daily life.
A. if B. unless C. when D. because
【答案】B
【详解】考查条件状语从句。unless 意为 “除非,如果不”,相当于 if not,句意为 “除非每个人都在生活中采取小行动,否则我们无法很好地保护环境”。
5.The problem of land pollution is ______ serious ______ we have to come up with new ways to deal with it.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
【答案】A
【详解】考查结果状语从句。so + 形容词 / 副词 + that 从句,意为 “如此…… 以至于……”;such 后需接名词短语,too...to 后接动词原形,均不符合结构。
6.I wonder ______ we should sort the food waste first or other rubbish first.
A. that B. whether C. what D. why
【答案】B
【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句中出现 or 表选择,表达 “是否” 的含义,用 whether 引导宾语从句;that 无实际含义,what 需在从句中充当成分,why 表原因,均不符合。
7.More and more people in our town join in ______ protection activities on weekends.
A. environment B. environmental C. chemical D. global
【答案】B
【详解】考查词性辨析。修饰名词 activities 用形容词,environmental protection 意为 “环境保护”,是单元固定搭配。
8.My mother will take me to the river clean-up activity ______ she finishes her work.
A. as soon as B. unless C. though D. because
【答案】A
【详解】考查时间状语从句。as soon as 意为 “一…… 就……”,引导时间状语从句,遵循 “主将从现” 原则,符合句意 “妈妈一完成工作就带我去河道清理活动”。
9.We need to ______ a better way to deal with the plastic waste in the city.
A. come up with B. leave behind
C. wash up D. make sure
【答案】A
【详解】考查单元动词短语。come up with 意为 “想出,提出”,符合句意 “想出更好的办法处理塑料垃圾”;leave behind 丢下,wash up 冲刷,make sure 确保,均不符合。
10.There ______ be a lot of fish in this river, but now we can hardly see them because of pollution.
A. is used to B. used to
C. was used to D. uses to
【答案】B
【详解】考查 used to 结构。used to do sth. 意为 “过去常常做某事(现在不做了)”,there used to be 表示 “过去曾经有”,是单元重点句型。
二、根据汉语提示、音标或首字母,写出单词的正确形式。
1.Air ______ /p??lu??n/ is one of the biggest problems in modern cities.
【答案】pollution
【详解】根据音标和句意 “空气污染”,填单元核心名词 pollution,是不可数名词。
2.We must stop pouring ______ (化学的) waste water into the clean river.
【答案】chemical
【详解】形容词修饰名词 waste water,chemical 作形容词意为 “化学的”,是单元核心词汇。
3.______ (全球的) warming has changed the weather in many parts of the world.
【答案】Global
【详解】形容词修饰名词 warming,句首首字母大写;global warming 是单元固定短语 “全球变暖”。
4.We can ______ /?ri??ju?z/ old clothes instead of throwing them away.
【答案】reuse
【详解】根据音标和句意 “重复使用旧衣服”,填单元核心动词 reuse,情态动词 can 后接动词原形。
5.Chen Ming is a ______ (守护者) of the Yangtze River in the passage.
【答案】guardian
【详解】根据汉语提示,填单元名词 guardian,意为 “保护者,守护者”。
6.The food went bad and became ______ /?smeli/ after three hot days.
【答案】smelly
【详解】根据音标和句意 “变质发臭”,填单元形容词 smelly,在系动词 became 后作表语。
7.His new job as a river guardian brings him a ______ (稳定的) income every month.
【答案】steady
【详解】形容词修饰名词 income,steady 是单元核心形容词,意为 “稳定的”。
8.Don’t ______ (打扰) me when I am doing my homework about environmental protection.
【答案】disturb
【详解】祈使句 don’t 后接动词原形,disturb 是单元动词,意为 “打扰,使焦虑”。
9.We should protect the earth well for the next ______ /?d?en??re??n/.
【答案】generation
【详解】根据音标和句意 “下一代”,填单元名词 generation,意为 “一代人,同辈人”。
10.A lot of city rubbish is buried in the ______ (垃圾填埋地) outside the town.
【答案】landfill
【详解】根据汉语提示,填单元名词 landfill,意为 “垃圾填埋地”。
三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.The small factory ______ (pollute) the river every day ten years ago.
【答案】polluted
【详解】时间状语 ten years ago 表过去,用一般过去时,pollute 的过去式为 polluted。
2.We should try our best to solve ______ (environment) problems around our neighborhood.
【答案】environmental
【详解】修饰名词 problems 用形容词,environment 的形容词形式是 environmental,意为 “环境的”。
3.Many daily things, like glass bottles, can ______ (reuse) to reduce household waste.
【答案】be reused
【详解】主语 things 和动词 reuse 是被动关系,情态动词 can 的被动结构为 can be + 过去分词,填 be reused。
4.The water in the lake became ______ (smell) because of the rubbish thrown into it.
【答案】smelly
【详解】系动词 became 后接形容词作表语,smell 的形容词形式是 smelly,意为 “有臭味的”。
5.Everyone should play a part in the ______ (protect) of wild animals and plants.
【答案】protection
【详解】定冠词 the 后接名词,protect 的名词形式是 protection,意为 “保护”。
6.This kind of ______ (chemical) is bad for people’s health if it goes into drinking water.
【答案】chemical
【详解】this kind of 后接名词,chemical 作名词意为 “化学制品”,符合句意。
7.After years of hard work, his life becomes ______ (steady) than before.
【答案】steadier
【详解】than 是比较级标志,steady 的比较级为 steadier,意为 “更稳定的”。
8.The loud noise from the factory can ______ (disturb) people’s sleep at night.
【答案】disturb
【详解】情态动词 can 后接动词原形,disturb 是动词,意为 “打扰”。
9.______ (global), more and more countries make laws to stop water pollution.
【答案】Globally
【详解】修饰整个句子用副词,global 的副词形式是 globally,意为 “全球地”,句首首字母大写。
10.We will join the river ______ (clean-up) activity with the guardians this Saturday.
【答案】clean-up
【详解】clean-up 作名词,意为 “清扫,清除”,river clean-up activity 表示 “河道清理活动”。
四、根据汉语提示补全英文句子,每空词数不限。
1.我们可以回收玻璃、纸张和塑料之类的材料。
We can recycle materials ______ glass, paper and plastic.
【答案】such as /like
【详解】表示举例 “例如”,用 such as 或 like。
2.结果,越来越多的人开始意识到环保的重要性。
______ ______ ______, more and more people start to realize the importance of environmental protection.
【答案】As a result
【详解】固定短语 as a result 意为 “结果”,放在句首作状语。
3.他很高兴看到家乡的河流重新变得清澈了。
He ______ ______ ______see the river in his hometown become clear again.
【答案】is glad to
【详解】固定结构 be glad to do sth. 意为 “很高兴做某事”。
4.请确保你离开房间的时候关掉所有的灯。
Please ______ ______you turn off all the lights when you leave the room.
【答案】make sure
【详解】固定短语 make sure 意为 “确保”,后接宾语从句。
5.虽然回收利用是个好方法,但不是所有垃圾都能被回收。
______ recycling is a good way, not all rubbish can be recycled.
【答案】While / Although
【详解】while/although 引导让步状语从句,意为 “虽然,尽管”。
6.过去这条河岸边有很多排放废水的工厂。
There ______ ______ ______many factories pouring waste water along the river bank.
【答案】used to be
【详解】used to do sth. 结构表示 “过去常常(现在不)”,there used to be 意为 “过去曾经有”。
7.我们必须为子孙后代保护好我们的母亲河。
We must protect our mother river ______ ______ ______.
【答案】for future generations
【详解】for 表示 “为了”,future generations 意为 “后代,子孙后代”。
8.除非每个人都行动起来,否则污染问题不会得到解决。
The pollution problem won’t be solved ______ ______ ______ ______.
【答案】unless everyone takes action
【详解】unless 引导条件状语从句,意为 “除非”,遵循 “主将从现” 原则。
9.污水在排入河流之前会在废物处理中心被净化。
Waste water is cleaned in the waste centre ______ it goes into the river.
【答案】before
【详解】before 引导时间状语从句,意为 “在…… 之前”。
10.光污染如此严重,以至于很多夜间动物的生活都受到了影响。
Light pollution is ______ serious ______ the life of many night animals is influenced.
【答案】so; that
【详解】so...that... 结构引导结果状语从句,意为 “如此…… 以至于……”,so 后接形容词。
五、语法填空。阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Rubbish is a big problem in many cities. Do you know 1. we can do with it? Dr Wu tells us about the three Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle.
First, we should reduce the waste we produce. For example, we can buy products with less packaging, and buy only the food we need 2. we can cut down food waste. Second, reuse means 3. (use) things again and again. Many things we use daily, like glass bottles, can 4. (reuse). We can also donate old clothes to people 5 . need them. Third, we can recycle materials like paper and metal. 6. recycling is good, not everything can be recycled.
Now the problem of pollution is 7. serious that we must take action. Many volunteers join the clean-up teams. They work hard 8. (protect) the environment. 9 . everyone follows the three Rs, I believe
10 . the world will become more and more beautiful.
1.【答案】what
【详解】know 后接宾语从句,从句中 do with 缺少宾语,用 what 表示 “什么”。
2.【答案】so
【详解】后半句是前半句的结果,so 引导结果状语从句,意为 “这样,以便”。
3.【答案】using
【详解】固定搭配 mean doing sth. 意为 “意味着做某事”,填动名词 using。
4.【答案】be reused
【详解】主语 glass bottles 和 reuse 是被动关系,情态动词 can 的被动语态为 can be + 过去分词。
5.【答案】who
【详解】定语从句,先行词 people 是人,关系词在从句中作主语,用 who 引导。
6.【答案】While / Although
【详解】让步状语从句,意为 “虽然回收很好,但不是所有东西都能回收”,句首首字母大写。
7.【答案】so
【详解】so...that... 固定结构,意为 “如此…… 以至于……”,so 修饰形容词 serious。
8.【答案】to protect
【详解】不定式作目的状语,意为 “为了保护环境”,填 to protect。
9.【答案】If
【详解】if 引导条件状语从句,意为 “如果每个人都遵守 3R 原则”,句首首字母大写。
10.【答案】that
【详解】believe 后接宾语从句,从句结构完整、不缺成分,用 that 引导,that 可省略。
六、阅读短文,选出最佳选项。
Every year, on the third Sunday of June, people celebrate China’s National River Protection Day. More and more people become river guardians to protect our rivers.
Li Tao, a 14-year-old middle school student, is one of them. Every weekend, he goes to the river near his home with his classmates. They pick up rubbish along the river bank and tell people not to throw waste into the water. “The river was dirty and smelly when I was little. There was little fish in it. But now, with people’s effort, the water is getting clear. I’m glad to see that,” says Li Tao.
However, there is still a long way to go. Chemical waste from factories and daily waste from homes still go into some rivers. As a result, the water quality is not good enough. “We can’t solve the problem in a day. But if everyone does something small, the rivers will become better and better,” Li Tao says.
1.When is China’s National River Protection Day?
A. On June 3rd every year.
B. On the third Sunday of June.
C. On the third Saturday of June.
D. Every weekend in June.
2.What does Li Tao NOT do as a young river guardian?
A. Pick up rubbish along the river bank.
B. Tell people not to throw waste into the river.
C. Stop factories from pouring chemical waste.
D. Go to the river with his classmates every weekend.
3.What was the river like when Li Tao was little?
A. Clear with lots of fish.
B. Dirty and smelly with few fish.
C. Clean but with little fish.
D. Smelly but with many fish.
4.What does the underlined phrase “water quality” mean in Chinese?
A. 水量
B. 水质
C. 水位
D. 水源
5.What can we learn from the passage?
A. All the rivers in China are clean now.
B. No one pours waste into the river now.
C. Everyone’s small action can make a difference.
D. The river protection work has already finished.
1.【答案】B
【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 “Every year, on the third Sunday of June, people celebrate China’s National River Protection Day.” 可知,全国护河日在六月的第三个周日。
2.【答案】C
【详解】细节理解题。根据第二段内容,李涛会和同学去河边、捡垃圾、宣传不要乱扔垃圾;阻止工厂排放废水是政府层面的举措,不是学生李涛的工作。
3.【答案】B
【详解】细节理解题。根据第二段 “The river was dirty and smelly when I was little. There was little fish in it.” 可知,小时候河水又脏又臭,几乎没有鱼。
4.【答案】B
【详解】词义猜测题。根据前文 “工厂化学废水和生活垃圾仍排入部分河流”,可以推断导致的结果是 “水质” 不够好,因此 water quality 意为 “水质”。
5.【答案】C
【详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “But if everyone does something small, the rivers will become better and better” 可知,每个人的小小行动都能带来改变。A、B、D 三项表述都过于绝对,不符合原文内容。

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