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Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world
全卷满分150分　考试用时120分钟
第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
　　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。
1. What is the weather like now
A.Sunny.　　　B.Cloudy.　　　C.Rainy.
2.What are the speakers mainly talking about
A.The space station.
B.Food for astronauts.
C.The life of astronauts.
3. How many questions are there in the exam
A.20.　　　B.30.　　　C.50.
4. Why does John come to Nancy
A.To ask questions.　　　
B.To hand in his essay.　　　
C.To borrow reference books.
5. What will the man do for the cellphone company
A.Improve the image.
B.Look for customers.
C.Advertise cellphones.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
　　听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. How long will the science fair probably last
A.Four days.　　　B.Five days.
C.Six days.
7. What’s the woman especially interested in about the science fair
A.The chemistry experiments.
B.The space exploration show.
C.The lectures on modern physics.
　　听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
8. What is the possible relationship between the speakers
A.Husband and wife.
B.Boss and secretary.
C.Salesperson and customer.
9. What is the matter with the printer
A.It runs out of paper.
B.The button is out of order.
C.Some paper is stuck inside.
　　听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
10. What does the man ask the woman to do
A.Bring him a snack.
B.Walk the dog.
C.Stay quiet.
11. What is the real reason why the man can’t get up
A.He is very tired.
B.He has injured himself.
C.The dog is sleeping on his leg.
12. How far does the woman usually walk her dog around the park
A.5 km.
B.10 km.
C.15 km.
　　听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
13. What is the man doing
A.Planning a trip.
B.Conducting a survey.
C.Asking for directions.
14. What is the woman happy with about the train
A.Its space.
B.Its speed.
C.Its Internet.
15. What do we know about the train today
A.It was too crowded.
B.It broke down halfway.
C.It ran behind schedule.
16. What improvement impressed the woman
A.More seats on the platforms.
B.Bigger boards for train times.
C.The information display facilities.
　　听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17. Which of the following can people do in the “Gravity Chair”
A.See a rocket take off.
B.Experience the spacewalk.
C.Sleep in a special bed.
18. What is the rule of the programs
A.People have to eat freeze-dried food.
B.Visitors must build a rocket themselves.
C.Children under nine are forbidden to take part.
19. What is the ticket price for kids
A.$325.　　　B.$575.　　　C.$875.
20. What is the talk mainly about
A.Camp activities.
B.Astronauts’ life.
C.Space travel.
第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
　　阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
　　The Silk Road International Arts Festival is a unique event that brings together artists from around the world through performances and exhibitions. By creating a space where different artistic traditions can meet, it celebrates cultural diversity and encourages exchange across cultures. Held in Xi’an this year, the festival also offers the city a chance to present its ancient heritage in conversation with modern artistic expression.
Event Overview
　　·30+ Countries Participating
　　·80+ Performances & Workshops
　　·240-hour Visa-Free Entry for Eligible(符合条件的) Travelers
　　·Key Theme: Connected by the Silk Road, United Through Art
Date Event Venue
Oct. 16 Opening Ceremony & World Stage Gala Xi’an Grand Theatre
Oct. 18 Cross-Cultural Dance Dialogue Tang West Market Museum
Oct. 21 Visual Arts Fusion Exhibition Shaanxi Province Art Museum
Oct. 24 Youth Creativity Lab Tang West Market Museum
Nov. 2 Intangible Heritage Day Xi’an City Walls
Nov. 9 Artist Forum: Future of East-West Collaboration Xi’an International Convention and Exhibition Center
　　Events this year feature a wealth of exciting programs that are well worth looking forward to. Architecture students from Italy will explore connections between Roman geometry and traditional Chinese courtyard design. Artists from Argentina will reinterpret Chinese ink techniques in contemporary forms. Russian artists will incorporate the Chinese character Fu into their oil paintings, expressing good wishes to the Silk Road and the unity it represents. Through such events, the festival not only highlights artistic dialogue across cultures, but also helps Xi’an further build its image as a cultural destination where the ancient and the modern meet.
21.What is one main purpose of the festival
A.To recreate the Silk Road.
B.To boost international tourism.
C.To preserve ancient heritage.
D.To promote cultural exchange.
22.Which venue can be the best choice for a visitor interested in dance
A.Xi’an Grand Theatre.
B.Tang West Market Museum.
C.Shaanxi Province Art Museum.　　　
D.Xi’an International Convention and Exhibition Center.　　　
23.What can be inferred from the examples in the last paragraph
A.Most events are meant for young foreign artists.
B.Chinese traditions are kept in their original forms.
C.Chinese elements are given new artistic expression.
D.Foreign guests show great interest in Chinese history.
B
　　In the dim light of a small Parisian laboratory, Marie Curie bent over her workbench, her hands shaking slightly from tiredness. It was 1898, and she had spent countless nights analyzing pitchblende(沥青铀矿), a material believed to contain traces of radioactivity—a term she herself had created. Her husband Pierre, though doubtful at first, now stood beside her, sharing her devotion.
　　The couple’s goal was to separate a new element hidden within the ore(矿石). Months turned into years. Their lab, poorly aired and freezing in winter, became their second home. Worst of all, Marie’s fingers were often burned by acidic chemicals, and their savings shrank as they bought more raw materials. Yet, she refused to give up. “We must believe that we are gifted at something,” she wrote in her journal, “and that this thing must be achieved.”
　　One evening, as Marie stirred a boiling mixture, a faint blue glow caught her eye. Her heart raced. The substance gave off light without heat—a phenomenon never before documented. After four tough years, they had discovered polonium and radium. The scientific community erupted in both appreciation and doubt. Critics questioned how a woman, let alone a Polish immigrant, could achieve such a breakthrough. But Marie, unwavering, continued her research, even as her health worsened from radiation exposure.
　　In 1903, Marie and Pierre, alongside Henri Becquerel, won the Nobel Prize in Physics. She became the first woman to receive the honor. Yet, tragedy struck in 1906 when Pierre died in a traffic accident. Grief-stricken, Marie buried herself in work, later winning the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. Her discoveries paved the way for X-ray technology in World War Ⅰ, saving countless lives.
24.What was the most challenging for Marie and Pierre in their research
A.The lack of advanced equipment.
B.The terrible working conditions.
C.The money problems and health risks.
D.The doubt from the scientific community.
25.What was the reaction of the scientific community to Marie Curie’s discovery at first
A.Total approval.
B.Mixed responses.
C.Complete indifference.
D.Strong opposition.
26.Why did Marie Curie continue her research despite facing difficulties
A.To prove herself against doubters.
B.To win more Nobel Prizes.
C.To save people in World War Ⅰ.
D.To fulfill her gift and achieve her goal.
27.Which of the following best describes Marie Curie
A.Determined and self-confident.
B.Intelligent and fortunate.
C.Careful and promising.
D.Generous and hard-working.
C
　　An increase in the efficiency of solar panels may be on the way, as research from Australian National University(ANU) reduces their current limitations. ANU researchers have found a way to improve the performance of silicon photovoltaic (PV)(硅光伏) or solar cells. This is done through the addition of “passivating(钝化) contacts” between the metal and silicon parts of the solar cell, making it more productive.
　　“These findings will help push the performance of silicon solar cells closer to their theoretical limit,” lead ANU researcher and PhD candidate Mohamed Ismael said. “Each day, the sun produces significantly more energy than needed to power the whole planet. The only limitation is our ability to economically convert it to electricity,” he said.
　　Solar cells are devices that convert light energy into electrical energy. As it stands, solar cells aren’t operating at their maximum capacity due to considerable electrical losses associated with the direct contact of metals with silicon.
　　“Transition metal oxides such as titanium dioxide(二氧化钛) have many qualities that make them ideal as passivating contact layers,” Dr Lachlan Black said. “This isn’t a new idea, but the way in which we combined these layers has produced better results and higher operating voltages than anything previously reported.”
　　The research team is hoping to develop the technology to a point where it can be applied to industrial solar cells on a large scale. The PV market is a multi-billion-dollar industry, with silicon solar cells contributing to 95 percent of all commercial solar cells. They are predicted to remain dominant for the foreseeable future given their advantageous properties compared to competitors.
　　“If successful, we could see our technology in almost all new solar panels installed on your roof or utility-scale solar plants,” Dr Lachlan Black said. “Improving the efficiency of solar cells guarantees more clean energy at a reduced cost. This not only helps to address climate change, but opens up new economic opportunities for this low-cost clean energy.”
28.What is the function of the addition of “passivating contacts”
A.Making solar cells long-lasting.
B.Improving the lifetime of solar cells.
C.Pushing solar cells to the future.
D.Promoting the performance of solar cells.
29.What does the underlined word “convert” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Switch.　　　B.Revise.　　　C.Convey.　　　D.Explore.
30.What is Dr Lachlan Black’s attitude to the technology
A.Cautious.　　　B.Doubtful.　　　C.Hopeful.　　　D.Negative.
31.What can be the best title for the text
A.New solar panels installed on your roof
B.Shining new light on solar cells’ development
C.Applying industrial solar cells on a large scale
D.Electrical loss from direct contact of metals with silicon
D
　　In the not-so-distant future, the doctors who treat our diseases might be tiny machines that swim through our bodies. Movies like Fantastic Voyage have long played with the idea of making machines the size of a single cell(细胞)—today advances in robotics have brought the idea ever closer to reality. In my lab, I’m just trying to build such intelligent, or smart, microrobots.
　　Tiny organisms(living things), such as bacteria(细菌), have many intelligent behaviors, and if we can make robots copy some of them, it’s very exciting. The way bacteria travel across their environment is unbelievable. At first, they kind of just aimlessly move around, but when they start sensing food, like an amino acid(氨基酸) they will move gradually in that direction. As a roboticist, you could imagine making tiny robots that can do the same thing.
　　For example, look at something like E. coli(大肠杆菌). It has receptors on its surface that can sense amino acids around it. It can change how it’s moving. It can rebuild or repair itself. In fact, E. coli does all these so well that some researchers are using it as a part of their tiny machines. They are having their microrobots get free rides from it, and letting it do all the sensing for them and direct their movements.
　　We’re already using smaller and smaller medical tools for operations, like catheters(long thin pipes) that can travel deep into your brain to treat a tumor(肿瘤) or a blood clot. Next, we will put microrobots into the body that can travel into even smaller spaces and treat disease at an early stage. Imagine a device that can treat a blood clot deep in your brain that can’t be reached with existing catheters.
　　It’s important to note, though, that we may not actually need something as powerful as artificial intelligence(AI) in these cases. You can still build an extremely useful microrobot with a low degree of intelligence. For example, if a microrobot notices a tumor, it can slowly move in that direction, and carry medicine directly to that part. It might only have the intelligence of bacteria but could still be unbelievably effective.
32.Which of the following inspires the author’s work
A.Bacteria’s ability to stay alive.
B.Movies about tiny machines.
C.Tiny organisms’ behaviors.
D.New advances in robotics.
33.What are some researchers doing according to paragraph 3
A.Letting E. coli work for their tiny robots.
B.Using microrobots to sense amino acids.
C.Asking robots to direct bacteria’s movements.
D.Changing tiny machines into bacteria’s drivers.
34.What does the author think of existing catheters
A.They are unlikely to be widely used by doctors.
B.They are unable to get to tinier areas in the body.
C.They will be smaller than microrobots in the future.
D.They can help doctors treat disease at an earlier stage.
35.Why does the author give the example in the last paragraph
A.To show microrobots can treat tumors very easily.
B.To show AI’s important role in developing tiny robots.
C.To explain the connection between AI and microrobots.
D.To explain limited intelligence is enough for microrobots.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
　　阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　　Agriculture has come a long way from its ancient beginnings. Long ago, farmers would work hard on their individual plots of land, using simple tools or even their bare hands. They tended to their crops for many hours each day so that the crops could grow well. 　36　 For example, a single storm could destroy a whole year’s work, while a summer of good weather could ensure a good harvest.
　　Modern science and technology have helped to greatly reduce the back-breaking labour involved in farming, along with the reliance on luck and guesswork. 　37　
　　Probably one of the most beneficial innovations is drip irrigation, which has made it possible to develop big, green farms in the middle of the desert. Simcha Blass, an Israeli scientist, discovered this new way of irrigation in the 1930s. Through this discovery, farmers can now produce crops on dry land without needing much water. 　38　 The limited and focused use of just the right amount of water also denies moisture(水分) to weeds, keeping them from harming the crops.
　　　39　 However, what if an area has plenty of water, but little usable soil As it turns out, it is possible to grow plants without using soil at all. With hydroponics(水培), plant roots are supported by rocks or a fiber mat. Nutrient-rich water is then provided so that the plants can grow. Recent research has centered on vertical(垂直的) hydroponics farming. With a vertical farm, the crops are planted in containers that are piled into plant skyscrapers. 　40　
　　With such technological advances, the image of a farmer pushing a plough will eventually become a thing of the past.
A.Luck played a great part in farming.
B.Some areas would be too dry to grow crops.
C.Drip irrigation deals with a lack of water in an area.
D.There have been experiments to make drip irrigation a reality.
E.This irrigation method uses far less water than other methods.
F.Furthermore, nearly all hydroponic farms are partially or fully automated.
G.Farmers have benefited greatly from innovations in crop production.
36.　　　　37.　　　　38.　　　　39.　　　　40.　　　
第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
　　阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
　　The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible to 　41　 people around the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.
　　Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 into a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin(硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its unstable 　42　 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 　43　 explosive.
　　After years of 　44　 in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite(达纳炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.
　　During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 　45　 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.
　　When Nobel’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 　46　 published Nobel’s obituary(讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 　47　 to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly 　48　 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 　49　 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”
　　To Nobel, this obituary was a(n) 　50　. He spent his lifetime alone 　51　 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to 　52　 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 　53　 saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 　54　 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 　55　 94% of his total wealth to found the Nobel Prizes.
41.A.remember　　　B.fund　　　C.credit　　　D.honour
42.A.pattern　　　B.conduct　　　C.nature　　　D.affair
43.A.deadly　　　B.usable　　　C.massive　　　D.disastrous
44.A.reference　　　B.hesitation　　　C.efforts　　　D.wisdom
45.A.built up　　　B.put up　　　C.broke up　　　D.brought up
46.A.purposefully　　　B.mistakenly　　　C.unintentionally　　　D.instantly
47.A.scared　　　B.relieved　　　C.impressed　　　D.disappointed
48.A.blamed　　　B.praised　　　C.appreciated　　　D.favoured
49.A.commercial　　　B.profitable　　　C.sufficient　　　D.rich
50.A.error　　　B.threat　　　C.warning　　　D.consequence
51.A.inventing　　　B.destroying　　　C.combining　　　D.revealing
52.A.establish　　　B.improve　　　C.impact　　　D.confirm
53.A.speech　　　B.proposal　　　C.application　　　D.will
54.A.contributions　　　B.trials　　　C.comments　　　D.damage
55.A.called for　　　B.gave away　　　C.took off　　　D.cut back
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
　　阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　Two early developers of artificial intelligence(AI) won the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics. American John Hopfield works at Princeton University and Geoffrey Hinton, 　56　 is a British-born Canadian citizen, works at the University of Toronto. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (RSAS) honored 　57　(they) for helping to create methods that are the basis of today’s strong machine learning.
　　The 78-year-old Hinton is known as the Godfather of AI because his research findings transformed the field of AI. However, he also warned that AI might be dangerous to humans.
　　“The two scientists used basic ideas from statistical physics 　58　(design) artificial neural networks(人工神经网络) that work like memories and find 　59　(pattern) in large data sets,” said Ellen Moons, a member of the Nobel committee. Moons added that their research 　60　(use) to improve physics and had also become a part of people’s 　61　(day) life. Technologies like facial 　62　(recognize) and language translation are used every day.
　　Hinton said that AI would have a big effect 　63　 our world and make productivity and health care better. He told reporters 　64　 RSAS officials that it would be like the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution was a time of fast development of machines and manufacturing that 　65　(start) more than 250 years ago.
56.　　　　 57.　　　　 58.　　　　 59.　　　　 60.　　　　
61.　　　　 62.　　　　 63.　　　　 64.　　　　 65.　　　　
第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
　　你校英文报正在征集主题为“Scientific Spirit”的稿件,请你选择你认为最重要的一种科学精神并结合某一位科学家的具体事例写一篇短文投稿。内容包括:
　　1.你选择的科学精神;
　　2.举例说明;
　　3.你的感悟。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Scientific Spirit
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第二节(满分25分)
　　阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　One experience stays fresh in my memory all the time. It was my summer vacation fifty years ago. And I was spending my summer vacation at the house of my cousin, Jim, who lived in a village. Beside the village, there was a forest. My other cousins also came with me to spend their summer vacation.
　　It was a dark and a little bit cool evening. One of my cousins suggested we go outside to watch the stars; we all nodded excitedly. Then, we told our wish to Jim’s parents, who agreed but warned us to return home before 9 p.m. And they gave Jim a watch, telling him to pay attention to the time. It was just 7:30 p.m.
　　Wishing to have a fun journey outdoors, we happily set off, and started from the fields, each with a flashlight in hand. At first we just wanted to go around and appreciate the beautiful sky decorated with many stars. But later we decided to go further. All we thought about was walking and talking. We ignored the most important thing—a big forest was beyond the village.
　　It was unfortunate that we went into the forest and got lost. When we found we were lost, it was too late to find the original way back to the village. We were all scared. There were terrible wolves and wild pigs hanging around in the forest at night. What if we came across one How much we hoped we could meet a hunter who could lead us home!
　　I took hold of Jim’s hand firmly(牢固地). The strong wind blew against my face all the time. It whispered through the trees. What was worse, the fog arose and quickly became thick. It made us lose the sense of direction totally. We stopped walking, not knowing which way to go next. Terrible fear came to my mind and made my body shake out of control.
　　But we didn’t want to just stay there and wait for death. We decided to make our way out of the forest.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
　　Then,we started walking again.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　Just when the wolf was about to attack us,a hunter appeared before us.　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world
1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A
9.C 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.C
17.B 18.C 19.B 20.A 21.D 22.B 23.C 24.C
25.B 26.D 27.A 28.D 29.A 30.C 31.B 32.C
33.A 34.B 35.D 36.A 37.G 38.E 39.C 40.F
41.D 42.C 43.B 44.C 45.A 46.B 47.D 48.A
49.D 50.C 51.A 52.B 53.D 54.A 55.B
56.who　57.them　58.to design　59.patterns　60.had been used 61.daily　62.recognition　63.on/upon　64.and　65.started
第二部分　阅读
第一节
A
　　◎语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在西安举办的丝绸之路国际艺术节的活动概况、日程安排及特色项目,强调其通过多元艺术形式促进文化对话与创意合作。
21.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it celebrates cultural diversity and encourages exchange across cultures”和下面的活动主题可知,该艺术节的核心目的是促进文化交流。故选D。
22.B　细节理解题。根据表格中“Cross-Cultural Dance Dialogue”对应的地点为Tang West Market Museum可知,对舞蹈感兴趣的参观者应选择该场地。故选B。
23.C　推理判断题。最后一段中,意大利学生融合罗马几何与中国传统庭院设计、阿根廷艺术家用当代方式重新诠释中国水墨技法、俄罗斯画家将“福”字融入油画,这些例子都说明外国艺术家对中国元素进行了新的艺术表达。故选C。
B
　　◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了居里夫人在艰苦条件下坚持从事科研工作,最终取得重大发现并获奖的故事。
24.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第四句可知,最糟糕的是,玛丽的手指经常被酸性化学物质烧伤,他们的积蓄随着购买更多原材料而减少;根据第三段最后一句可知,玛丽坚定不移地继续她的研究,尽管她的健康因接触辐射而恶化。由此可知,玛丽和皮埃尔在研究中面临的最大挑战是资金问题和健康风险。故选C。
25.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第五句可知,最初对玛丽·居里的发现科学界既有赞赏,也有怀疑。故选B。
26.D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知,玛丽·居里拒绝放弃,因为她相信自己的天赋,觉得必须要发挥天赋,完成自己的目标。故选D。
27.A　推理判断题。根据第一段前两句、第二段最后两句和第三段最后一句可推知,玛丽·居里是一个意志坚定且自信的人。故选A。
C
　　◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚国立大学(ANU)的研究人员发现了一种提高硅光伏电池或太阳能电池性能的方法,这将有助于提高太阳能电池的效率。
28.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ANU researchers have found a way to improve the performance of silicon photovoltaic (PV) or solar cells. This is done through the addition of ‘passivating contacts’”可知,增加钝化接触可以提高硅光伏电池或太阳能电池的性能。故选D。
29.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的上句可知,太阳每天产生的能量远远超过了整个地球所需的能量,画线词所在句意为“唯一的限制是我们把太阳能经济地　　　电能的能力”,由此可推测,画线词convert意为“转换”,与A项意思一致。故选A。
30.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Lachlan Black博士说的话“This not only helps to address climate change, but opens up new economic opportunities for this low-cost clean energy.”可推测,他对该技术满怀希望。故选C。
31.B　主旨大意题。根据第一段并结合其他内容可知,文章主要介绍了澳大利亚国立大学的研究人员发现了一种提高硅光伏电池或太阳能电池的性能的方法,这将有助于提高太阳能电池的效率。所以B项“太阳能电池发展的新亮点”符合文章主旨,作为标题最佳。故选B。
D
　　◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了未来医学中可能使用的微型机器人的概念、功能,以及它们如何模仿细菌的行为来执行医疗任务。
32.C　细节理解题。根据第二段,尤其是第一句和最后一句可知,微小的生物,如细菌,有许多智能行为,如果我们能让机器人模仿其中的一些行为,那将是非常令人兴奋的,作为机器人专家,你会想制作可以做同样事情的微型机器人。因此是微小生物的行为激发了作者的工作灵感。故选C。
33.A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知,一些研究人员正在让他们的微型机器人从大肠杆菌那里获得“免费搭车”的机会,并让大肠杆菌为它们做所有的感知工作和指导它们的移动。因此,研究人员正在让大肠杆菌为他们的微型机器人工作。故选A。
34.B　细节理解题。根据第四段可知,现有的导管太大,无法到达身体里的更小的空间。故选B。
35.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者给出了一个例子,说明微型机器人只需要感知肿瘤存在和携带药物向肿瘤移动,仅有这种细菌般的智能却仍然可能十分有效。所以推知这个例子是为了解释微型机器人只需要有限的智能就足够了。故选D。
第二节
　　◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。现代科学技术在农业中的应用使农民非常受益,文章主要介绍了滴灌和水培技术。
36.A　上文指出农民为了使庄稼长得好,每天要花好几个小时照料庄稼,下文以具体例子说明天气状况的好坏会影响收成。结合选项可推知,A项(运气在农业中起了很大的作用)符合语境,故选A。
37.G　上文指出现代科技给农民带来了好处,下文介绍最有益的新发明之一——滴灌,因此设空处承上启下,G项(农民从农作物生产的新方法中受益匪浅)符合语境,描写现代科技的好处,同时引出农业中的新方法,G项中的“benefited...innovations”与下文中的“beneficial innovations”呼应,故选G。
38.E　上文指出滴灌的优点,农民不仅可以在旱地上种植,而且不需要太多水,下文指出滴灌有限且集中地使用水对农业的好处,由此可知E项(这种灌溉方法用水比其他方法少得多)符合语境,继续描写滴灌用水少这一优点,故选E。
39.C　由下文的However和上段提到的滴灌用水少可知,C项(滴灌解决了一个地区缺水的问题)符合语境,对上文进行总结,同时引出下文,故选C。
40.F　上文提到最近的研究集中在垂直水培技术上,同时介绍了垂直水培农作物的一些情况,F项(此外,几乎所有的水培农场都是部分或完全自动化的)符合语境,介绍了垂直水培技术的一些相关内容,故选F。
第三部分　语言运用
第一节
　　◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。诺贝尔奖创始人阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔因发明炸药致富,但也因这一发明受到指责。他用自己的财富设立诺贝尔奖,希望改变世人对他的负面印象。
41.D　根据上文“The Nobel Prize”和下文“people around the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields”可知,诺贝尔奖旨在“奖励”世界各地在不同领域取得杰出成就的人。故选D。
42.C　根据下文“exploding under pressure or heat”可知,在压力或高温下会爆炸是硝酸甘油的不稳定性。nature基本性质,本质。故选C。
43.B　根据第三段可知,诺贝尔发明了炸药,炸药比硝酸甘油更容易控制,也更安全,可推知他想制造“可用的”爆炸物。故选B。
44.C　根据“Nobel started to find a way to control it”和“After years of...Nobel invented dynamite”可推知,发明炸药需要付出很多“努力”。故选C。
45.A　根据下文“his wealth from his 355 inventions”可知,诺贝尔通过355项发明“积累”了财富。故选A。
46.B　根据上文“When Nobel’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”和下文“published Nobel’s obituary”可知,诺贝尔的兄弟路德维希去世了,但报纸刊登的讣告却是诺贝尔的,因此是“错误地”刊登了讣告。故选B。
47.D　根据下文“giving him the nickname of ‘the merchant of death’”可知,讣告中对诺贝尔的评价是负面的,因此他对自己的公众形象“感到失望”。故选D。
48.A　根据下文“giving him the nickname of ‘the merchant of death’”可知,该报给诺贝尔起了“死亡商人”的绰号,所以推知报纸强烈“指责”他发明了炸药。故选A。
49.D　根据上文“his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important”可知,报纸指责诺贝尔通过发明炸药变得“富有”。故选D。
50.C　根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone 　51　 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知,诺贝尔非常关心人们如何记住他,但讣告表明他的公众形象很糟糕,因此这则讣告是个“警告”。故选C。
51.A　根据上文“his 355 inventions”可知,诺贝尔一生都在“发明”东西。故选A。
52.B　根据第五段可知,诺贝尔的公众形象很糟糕,因此他修改遗嘱是想“改善”自己的公众形象。故选B。
53.D　根据上文“This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will”和“one year before his death”可知,诺贝尔立下最终的“遗嘱”,清楚地说明如何分配自己的财富,此处will是熟词生义,表示“遗嘱”。故选D。
54.A　根据第一段中的“people around the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields”可知,诺贝尔奖用于奖励那些在特定领域对人类作出重大“贡献”的人。故选A。
55.B　根据下文“94% of his total wealth to found the Nobel Prizes”可知,诺贝尔“捐赠”了总财富的94%,创立诺贝尔奖。call for呼吁;give away捐赠,分发;take off起飞,突然成功;cut back减少,削减。故选B。
第二节
　　◎语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了两位早期的人工智能开发者荣获2024年诺贝尔物理学奖的相关内容。
56.who　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,“　56　 is a British-born Canadian citizen”部分缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词为Geoffrey Hinton,指人。故填who。
57.them　考查代词。设空处作honored的宾语,需用宾格。故填them。
58.to design　考查动词不定式。此处为use sth. to do sth.结构,意为“用某物做某事”,所以用动词不定式形式。故填to design。
59.patterns　考查名词复数。pattern为可数名词,设空处前无限定词,此处表示多种模式,所以用复数形式。故填patterns。
60.had been used　考查动词的时态和语态。根据并列谓语had become可知,此处需用过去完成时,且research与use之间为被动关系,需用被动语态。故填had been used。
61.daily　考查形容词。设空处作定语,修饰名词life,需用形容词daily,意为“日常的”。故填daily。
62.recognition　考查名词。设空处作like的宾语,需用名词形式,recognition为不可数名词。故填recognition。
63.on/upon　考查介词。have a(n)...effect on/upon...为固定搭配,意为“对……产生……影响”。故填on或upon。
64.and　考查连词。此处连接reporters和RSAS officials,表并列关系,需用连词and。
65.started　考查动词的时态。设空处在that引导的从句中作谓语,根据more than 250 years ago可知,此处需用一般过去时。故填started。
第四部分　写作
第一节
One possible version:
Scientific Spirit
　　When we talk about the scientific spirit, there are many aspects we should evaluate. Personally, the most important spirit is being patriotic.
　　Patriotism is the most natural feeling for a citizen. Qian Xuesen, for example, left America with difficulties and returned to China when our country needed him. He helped develop the Chinese aerospace program and made extraordinary contributions. It was actually his patriotism that made him give up the good conditions abroad and return to his motherland.
　　In conclusion, patriotism is what inspires scientists to devote themselves to the scientific career.
第二节
One possible version:
　　Then,we started walking again. Not speaking a single word, we silently and quietly moved towards the unknown world. With each holding a big stick, we opened our eyes wide, observing whether there were terrible animals around. And every few minutes, we looked around at each other just to ensure none fell behind. Suddenly, I heard something moving in the bushes nearby. I was extremely nervous and my legs were shaking. Soon a wolf jumped out from the bushes, staring at us greedily.
　　Just when the wolf was about to attack us,a hunter appeared before us. He quickly took out his can of bear spray and fired the spray at the wolf. The wolf was scared and immediately escaped. We were saved, and breathed a big sigh of relief. We expressed thanks to the hunter who then began leading us home. Before long, we saw a lot of light from flashlights. It was the villagers, who came to look for us. We learned a big lesson that summer night.

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