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江苏译林9AU8语法讲义（新教材）
语法点一：if引导的条件状语从句
一、核心语法讲解
if意为“如果”，用于提出条件，并说明在这一条件下会出现什么结果或可以做什么。
1. 基本结构：If + 条件从句，主句；或主句 + if + 条件从句。
If you read carefully, you will understand the story.
You will understand the story if you read carefully.
从句在前时，通常用逗号与主句隔开；从句在后时，通常不加逗号。
2. 谈将来的条件时，主句常用一般将来时，if从句用一般现在时，即“主将从现”。
If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go to the book fair.
解析：tomorrow虽然表示将来，条件从句仍用does not rain，不用will not rain。
3. 主句也可含can、should、may等情态动词，表示能力、建议或可能性。
If you enjoy reading, you can join our book club.
4. 主句也可以是祈使句，用来提出要求、发出邀请或给出建议。
If you are interested in stories, come and join us.
5. if还可引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，这时不受条件句“主将从现”的限制。
I do not know if he will come.（是否：宾语从句）
If he comes, I will tell him about the activity.（如果：条件从句）
二、教材原句解析
1. If you like short stories, you will love O. Henry, who wrote over 600 short stories in his life.
解析：if提出喜欢短篇小说这一条件；主句用will love说明可能的结果。
2. If you want to read a story with a surprise ending, you should try an O. Henry story.
解析：主句用should提出阅读建议，不必把所有条件句的主句都写成将来时。
3. If you need to find his books, you can ask the librarian where they are.
解析：主句含can，说明在需要找书时可以怎样做。
三、易错点提醒
1. 谈将来条件时，if从句不用一般将来时。
（ ）If she will have time tomorrow, she will visit the library.
（ ）If she has time tomorrow, she will visit the library.
2. 一般现在时要注意第三人称单数和否定形式：he reads；he does not read。
3. 先看if在句中表示“如果”还是“是否”，再判断从句时态。
语法点二：unless引导的条件状语从句
一、核心语法讲解
unless意为“除非、如果不”，用于说明例外条件。本单元常用它与if ... not作同义改写。
1. 基本结构：Unless + 条件从句，主句；或主句 + unless + 条件从句。
Unless you read carefully, you may miss important details.
You may miss important details unless you read carefully.
2. unless从句在前时，通常用逗号与主句隔开；从句在后时，通常不加逗号。
3. 本单元常见的unless从句可用if ... not改写，主句保持原意。
Unless you try, you will not know the answer.
If you do not try, you will not know the answer.
4. 谈将来的条件时，unless从句用一般现在时，主句常用一般将来时。
Unless it rains tomorrow, we will read in the park.
5. 主句也可含情态动词或使用祈使句，不能只记住“主将从现”一种形式。
You may not understand the poem unless you read it again.
Do not stop reading unless the teacher asks you to.
6. 改写时，只调整条件从句中的连接词和否定形式，不要把主句的否定词一同去掉。
二、教材原句解析
1. You won’t know what happens unless you read to the end of the story.
解析：除非读到故事结尾，否则不会知道发生了什么；可改为if you do not read ...。
2. Unless you love science fiction, you won’t like this book.
解析：unless从句放在句首，表示“如果不喜欢科幻小说”；主句中的won’t保持不变。
3. Unless you read a poem again and again, you may not understand the true meaning of it.
解析：从句用一般现在时read；主句用may not说明可能出现的结果。
三、易错点提醒
1. unless表示否定条件，是否还需要not，要结合实际句意判断。
2. 谈将来条件时，unless从句不用will；同时注意第三人称单数形式。
（ ）We will wait unless he will tell us to leave.
（ ）We will wait unless he tells us to leave.
3. 比较条件方向：if you read carefully是“如果认真读”；unless you read carefully
是“如果不认真读”。选词时，应结合主句判断哪种条件能表达题目所需的意思。
4. unless与if ... not的改写要核对时态和人称：unless he comes = if he does not come。
Unit 8 The world of literature 语法专项练习
一、单项选择
（ ）1. If Amy ______ time tomorrow, she will visit the book fair.
A. has B. will have C. had D. having
（ ）2. If you ______ understand the poem, ask your teacher.
A. will not B. do not C. did not D. have not
（ ）3. You will not know the ending ______ you read to the last page.
A. because B. if C. unless D. when
（ ）4. We ______ a reading activity if it is fine this Sunday.
A. have B. had C. having D. will have
（ ）5. Unless it ______ this weekend, we will read in the park.
A. rains B. will rain C. rained D. raining
（ ）6. "Unless you hurry, you will be late" means ______.
A. If you hurry, you will be late. B. If you do not hurry, you will be late.
C. If you will hurry, you will be late. D. If you do not hurry, you will not be late.
（ ）7. If you like short stories, you ______ try O. Henry’s works.
A. are B. have C. should D. did
（ ）8. I do not know ______ she will come tomorrow.（是否）
A. if B. unless C. since D. because
（ ）9. If she ______ tomorrow, I will tell her about the book fair.
A. will come B. coming C. came D. comes
（ ）10. Which sentence is grammatically correct
A. If she have time, she will come. B. Unless you try, you may not know.
C. If you are free, joining us. D. Unless you works hard, you will not improve.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. If Tom ___________ (have) time this Sunday, he will join us.
2. If it ___________ (not rain) tomorrow, we will read in the park.
3. She will become a better writer if she ___________ (keep) writing.
4. You can ask the librarian if you ___________ (not know) where the book is.
5. Please ___________ (tell) me if you need help.
6. Unless you ___________ (read) to the end, you will not know what happens.
7. The club activity will not start unless Lucy ___________ (arrive).
8. You will miss the discussion unless you ___________ (come) on time.
9. If Emma ___________ (finish) the story tonight, she will share it with us.
10. We should ___________ (listen) to others if we want to write better stories.
三、阅读理解
Our school reading club started a new activity last month. Each student chose a short story and shared one question about it. Leo wanted to know the ending quickly, so he read the last page first.
“If you do that, you may miss the writer’s careful planning,” said Amy. She suggested reading from the beginning and noting details. “Unless you read carefully, you may not understand why a character makes a choice.”
Leo tried her method with another story. This time, he wrote down his questions and checked them after finishing it. Small details helped him understand the ending. Now he tells new club members, “If a story seems difficult, give it time. You will not discover all its ideas unless you think about what you read.”
（ ）1. What did Leo do first with the story
A. He wrote a new ending. B. He read the last page.
C. He asked the teacher to explain. D. He shared all his notes.
（ ）2. Why did Amy advise Leo to read from the beginning
A. To finish more quickly. B. To avoid asking questions.
C. To understand the writer’s planning. D. To remember long words.
（ ）3. What can we learn from Leo’s experience
A. Careful reading and thinking help. B. Only the last page matters.
C. Short stories never need notes. D. Every story has a surprise ending.
四、短文写作（用if和unless引导条件状语从句）
我很喜欢阅读短篇小说。如果你想读一个结尾出人意料的故事，可以试试O. Henry的作品。
我们学校的阅读社团每周开展一次活动。如果我有时间，我就会参加，并和同学们交流自己的想法。
读故事时，我会先读开头，再认真读下去。如果只急着看结尾，就可能错过重要的细节。
除非认真思考人物的选择，否则我们可能无法真正理解故事。我常常记下问题，以便读完后再寻找答案。
如果你对阅读感兴趣，欢迎加入我们的社团。只要我们愿意花时间阅读，就会发现文学中的美。
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_______________________________________________________________________________________江苏译林9AU8语法讲义参考答案（新教材）
一、单项选择
1. A 谈将来条件时，if从句用一般现在时；Amy作主语，用has。
2. B 此处提出当前阅读中的条件，you作主语，一般现在时否定式用do not。
3. C unless表示“除非”：不读到最后一页，就不会知道结尾。
4. D if从句用一般现在时，this Sunday提示主句用将来时will have。
5. A unless从句用一般现在时，it作主语，用rains。
6. B unless you hurry相当于if you do not hurry，主句不变。
7. C should表示建议，后接动词原形try。
8. A if在此意为“是否”，引导宾语从句，因此可以使用will come。
9. D if在此意为“如果”，从句用一般现在时；she作主语，用comes。
10. B B项结构正确；A应改为has，C应改为join us，D应改为work hard。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. has 谈将来条件时，if从句用一般现在时；Tom作主语，用has。
2. does not rain / doesn’t rain it作主语，一般现在时否定式用does not + 动词原形。
3. keeps she作主语，一般现在时谓语用第三人称单数。
4. do not know / don’t know you作主语，一般现在时否定式用do not。
5. tell 祈使句用动词原形，please不改变动词形式。
6. read unless从句用一般现在时，you作主语，用动词原形。
7. arrives 主句谈将来，unless从句用一般现在时；Lucy作主语，用arrives。
8. come unless从句用一般现在时，you作主语，用动词原形。
9. finishes tonight虽表示将来，条件从句仍用一般现在时；Emma作主语，用finishes。
10. listen 情态动词should后接动词原形。
三、阅读理解
1. B 第一段说明Leo为了尽快知道结尾，先读了最后一页。
2. C 第二段说明从头阅读、关注细节有助于理解作者的安排。
3. A 最后一段说明认真阅读和思考能帮助我们理解故事。
四、短文写作参考范文
I enjoy reading short stories. If you want to read a story with a surprise ending, you can try O. Henry’s works.
Our school reading club has an activity every week. If I have time, I will join in and share my ideas with my classmates.
When I read a story, I start at the beginning and read carefully. If we only hurry to the ending, we may miss important details.
Unless we think carefully about the characters’ choices, we may not truly understand the story. I often write down questions so that I can look for answers after finishing it.
If you are interested in reading, come and join our club. If we are willing to spend time reading, we will discover the beauty of literature.
重点表达
If I have time, I will ...：主句谈将来，if从句用一般现在时。
If we only hurry ..., we may ...：主句可含情态动词may，表示可能的结果。
Unless we think carefully ...：相当于If we do not think carefully ...，主句保持原意。
If you are interested ..., come and join ...：主句用祈使句发出邀请。
写作答案不唯一，内容完整、语法正确，并能正确使用if和unless即可。

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