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语法天天练 · 九年级下册语法训练营
Day7定语从句专项指导与练习
说明：本材料按“专项指导 + 精讲巧练”编制，覆盖定语从句核心考点，共 9 种题型、45 题，可作《语法天天练》人教社 2024 年版九年级下册 Day 7 补充练习使用。第一部分为指导精讲，第二部分为专项练习，第三部分为答案与解析（独立成节，位于文末），第四部分为答题要点总回顾。
第一部分　专项指导
一、什么是定语从句
定语从句就是一个句子充当定语，修饰主句中的名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导从句的词叫关系词。
例：The boy who is playing basketball is my brother.
（who is playing basketball 整体修饰 the boy）
二、关系词选择三步法
第一步：看先行词指人还是指物（还是时间/地点/原因）。
第二步：看关系词在从句中作什么成分（主语/宾语/定语/状语）。
第三步：套规则选词。
关系词对照表
关系词 指代 从句中成分 例句
who 人 主语/宾语 The man who called you is my uncle.
whom 人 宾语（可省略） The man whom you met is my uncle.
which 物 主语/宾语 The book which is on the desk is mine.
that 人/物 主语/宾语 This is the best film that I have seen.
whose 人/物 定语（“……的”） The boy whose father is a doctor is my friend.
when 时间 时间状语 I remember the day when we met.
where 地点 地点状语 This is the school where I studied.
why 原因 原因状语 That is the reason why he was late.
三、核心易错点
1. 只能用 that 不能用 which 的情况（高频）：① 先行词是 all, everything, nothing, anything, something 等不定代词；② 先行词被序数词修饰（the first, the second……）；③ 先行词被形容词最高级修饰（the best, the most beautiful……）；④ 先行词被 the only, the very, the last 修饰；⑤ 先行词既有人又有物；⑥ 主句以 who 或 which 开头。2. 只能用 which 不能用 that 的情况：① 介词后：in which, about which（不能用 in that）；② 非限制性定语从句（逗号后）：His book, which was lost, has been found.3. whose 的用法：whose 表示“……的”，后面必须紧跟名词，在从句中作定语。例：The girl whose mother is a teacher sits next to me.4. 关系代词作宾语时可省略：The book (that/which) I bought yesterday is interesting.5. 从句谓语动词的单复数：关系代词作主语时，从句谓语与先行词保持一致。例：I like musicians who write their own songs.（先行词复数→write）例：He is a musician who writes his own songs.（先行词单数→writes）6. 关系副词 vs 关系代词（最大易错点）：先行词是时间/地点/原因，不代表一定用 when/where/why，关键看从句缺什么成分：从句缺主语/宾语 → 用 which/that；从句不缺主宾、只缺状语 → 用 when/where/why。对比：I'll never forget the day when we met.（不缺主宾，缺时间状语）对比：I'll never forget the day which/that we spent together.（spent 缺宾语）
第二部分　专项练习（9 种题型，共 45 题）
题型一：关系代词 who / which / that / whose（5 题）
1. The man ______ is standing under the tree is my uncle.
A. which　 B. who　C. whose　D. whom
2. This is the book ______ I bought yesterday.
A. who　 B. whose　C. which　D. when
3. The girl ______ mother is a doctor sits next to me.
A. who　 B. which　C. whose　D. whom
4. I like musicians ______ write their own songs.
A. which　B. whose　C. who　 D. whom
5. The people ______ helped us are very kind.
A. which　B. who　 C. whose　D. when
题型二：关系副词 when / where / why（5 题）
6. I still remember the day ______ we first met.
A. which　B. when　C. where　D. why
7. This is the school ______ my mother works.
A. which　B. when　C. where　D. why
8. That is the reason ______ he was late for class.
A. which　B. when　C. where　D. why
9. I will never forget the years ______ I spent in the countryside.
A. when　B. which　C. where　D. why
10. The factory ______ we visited last week is very large.
A. where　B. when　C. which　D. why
题型三：只能用 that 的情况（5 题）
11. This is the best film ______ I have ever seen.
A. which　B. who　C. that　D. what
12. The first thing ______ I will do is to make a card for my mother.
A. which　B. that　C. who　D. whose
13. He is the only person ______ can help me.
A. which　B. who　C. that　D. whose
14. Is there anything ______ I can do for you
A. which　B. that　C. who　D. what
15. We talked about the people and the places ______ we visited in London.
A. which　B. who　C. that　D. where
题型四：综合运用（5 题）
16. — Do you know the boy ______ handwriting won first prize
　　— Oh, he is Wang Wei.
A. who　B. whose　C. which　D. whom
17. The house ______ windows face south is very warm in winter.
A. which　B. that　C. whose　D. who
18. This is the most beautiful park ______ I have ever been to.
A. which　B. that　C. where　D. what
19. I'll never forget the lecture ______ last term.
A. what I learned　B. that I learned　C. that I learn　D. what I learned
20. The doctors and nurses ______ are fighting against the illness are real heroes.
A. which　B. who　C. whose　D. whom
题型五：用适当的关系词填空（5 题）
21. The woman ______ is talking to our teacher is my aunt.
22. This is the village ______ I was born.
23. I'll never forget the day ______ we spent together in Beijing.
24. Do you know the girl ______ bag was stolen yesterday
25. Everything ______ he said at the meeting was true.
题型六：单句改错（每句一处错误，5 题）
26. The book who I bought yesterday is very interesting.
27. This is the house where he visited last week.
28. I still remember the day which we first met.
29. He is the only person which can solve this problem.
30. The man which is standing there is my father.
题型七：两句合并为一句定语从句（5 题）
31. I know the boy. The boy won the first prize.
____________________________________________________________
32. This is the park. We often play football in the park.
__________________________________________________________
33. I'll never forget the day. I joined the army on that day.
__________________________________________________________
34. The film was very moving. We saw the film last night.
__________________________________________________________
35. Do you know the man His car was stolen.
__________________________________________________________
题型八：根据汉语提示完成句子（每空一词，5 题）
36. 这就是我们昨天参观的工厂。
This is the factory ______ ______ ______ yesterday.
37. 我永远忘不了我们第一次见面的那一天。
I'll never forget the day ______ ______ ______ first met.
38. 那个父亲是医生的男孩是我的朋友。
The boy ______ ______ is a doctor is my friend.
39. 他是我见过的最高的人。
He is the tallest man ______ ______ ______ ______.
40. 你能告诉我你迟到的原因吗？
Can you tell me the reason ______ ______ ______ late
题型九：语篇填空（用适当的关系词填空，5 空）
41–45. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的关系词（who / which / that / whose / when / where / why）。
I have a good friend (41) ______ name is Tom. He is a boy (42) ______ is always ready to help others. Last year, we visited a village (43) ______ many old houses are kept well. The day (44) ______ we spent there was unforgettable. Tom told me the reason (45) ______ he liked the village so much — it was his hometown.
第三部分　答案与解析
题型一
1. B　先行词 the man 指人，关系词在从句中作主语（is standing），用 who。which 指物，whose 作定语，whom 作宾语。
2. C　先行词 the book 指物，关系词在从句中作 bought 的宾语，用 which（或 that）。who 指人，whose 作定语，when 表时间。
3. C　从句“______ mother is a doctor”缺定语（“谁的妈妈”），用 whose 表所属。who/which/whom 均不能作定语。
4. C　先行词 musicians 指人，关系词在从句中作主语（write），用 who。先行词为复数，从句谓语用 write，验证一致。
5. B　先行词 the people 指人，关系词在从句中作主语（helped），用 who。which 指物，whose 作定语，when 表时间。
题型二
6. B　先行词 the day 表时间，从句“we first met”结构完整（主谓齐全），缺时间状语，用 when。若用 which，需在从句中作主语或宾语，此处不缺。
7. C　先行词 the school 表地点，从句“my mother works”不缺主语或宾语，缺地点状语，用 where。
8. D　先行词 the reason 表原因，从句“he was late”不缺主宾，缺原因状语，用 why。
9. B　先行词 the years 虽表时间，但从句“I spent ___”中 spent 缺宾语（spent the years），关系词作宾语，用 which/that。易错点：不能见“时间”就用 when，必须看从句缺什么成分。
10. C　先行词 the factory 表地点，但从句“we visited ___”中 visited 缺宾语，关系词作宾语，用 which/that。若用 where，则从句应为“we visited the factory”，此处不成立。
题型三
11. C　先行词被形容词最高级 the best 修饰，只能用 that。
12. B　先行词被序数词 the first 修饰，只能用 that。
13. C　先行词被 the only 修饰，只能用 that。
14. B　先行词是不定代词 anything，只能用 that。
15. C　先行词既有人（the people）又有物（the places），只能用 that。
题型四
16. B　从句“______ handwriting won first prize”缺定语（“谁的手写体”），用 whose 作定语。
17. C　从句“______ windows face south”缺定语（“房子的窗户”），用 whose 表示所属。
18. B　先行词被最高级 the most beautiful 修饰，只能用 that。
19. B　先行词 the lecture 指物，从句“I learned ___”缺宾语，用 that/which；主句为将来时，但从句“learned”表示过去听讲座的动作，用过去时。A、D 中 what 不能引导定语从句；C 时态不符。
20. B　先行词 the doctors and nurses 指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who。若先行词既有人又有物，则用 that；此处仅有“人”，who 更准确。
题型五：用适当的关系词填空
21. who / that　先行词 the woman 指人，从句缺主语，用 who/that。
22. where　先行词 the village 表地点，从句“I was born”不缺主宾，缺地点状语，用 where（= in which）。
23. which / that　先行词 the day 虽表时间，但从句“we spent ___ together”中 spent 缺宾语，关系词作宾语，用 which/that。易错点：不能见“时间”就用 when。
24. whose　从句“______ bag was stolen”缺定语（“谁的书包”），用 whose 表所属。
25. that　先行词是不定代词 everything，只能用 that。
题型六：单句改错
26. who → which / that　先行词 the book 指物，不能用 who。
27. where → which / that　从句“he visited ___”中 visited 缺宾语，关系词作宾语，不能用 where；若保留 where，从句应为“he visited the house”，此处不成立。
28. which → when　从句“we first met”不缺主宾，缺时间状语，用 when（= on which）。
29. which → that　先行词被 the only 修饰，只能用 that。
30. which → who / that　先行词 the man 指人，不能用 which。
题型七：两句合并为一句定语从句
31. I know the boy who / that won the first prize.（先行词指人，关系词作主语，用 who/that）
32. This is the park where we often play football.（先行词表地点，从句不缺主宾，缺地点状语，用 where；也可写成 which/that we often play football in）
33. I'll never forget the day when I joined the army.（先行词表时间，从句不缺主宾，缺时间状语，用 when；也可写成 on which I joined the army）
34. The film which / that we saw last night was very moving.（先行词指物，关系词作 saw 的宾语，用 which/that，可省略）
35. Do you know the man whose car was stolen （从句缺定语“谁的车”，用 whose）
题型八：根据汉语提示完成句子
36. that / which we visited　先行词 the factory 指物，从句缺 visited 的宾语，用 that/which（可省略）。
37. when we　先行词 the day 表时间，从句“we first met”不缺主宾，缺时间状语，用 when。
38. whose father　“父亲是医生的男孩”，缺定语“谁的”，用 whose。
39. that I have ever seen　先行词被最高级 the tallest 修饰，只能用 that；“我见过的”用现在完成时 have ever seen。
40. why you were　先行词 the reason 表原因，从句“you were late”不缺主宾，缺原因状语，用 why。
题型九：语篇填空
41. whose　“______ name is Tom”缺定语“谁的名字”，用 whose。
42. who / that　先行词 a boy 指人，从句缺主语，用 who/that。
43. where　先行词 a village 表地点，从句“many old houses are kept well”不缺主宾，缺地点状语，用 where。
44. which / that　先行词 the day 虽表时间，但从句“we spent ___ there”中 spent 缺宾语，用 which/that。易错点：与第 37 题对比，同样先行词是 day，但从句缺的成分不同，关系词也不同。
45. why　先行词 the reason 表原因，从句“he liked the village so much”不缺主宾，缺原因状语，用 why。
第四部分　答题要点总回顾
先看先行词：指人→who/whom/whose；指物→which/whose；时间/地点/原因且从句不缺主宾→when/where/why。再看从句缺什么：缺主语→who/which/that；缺宾语→who/whom/which/that（可省略）；缺定语→whose；不缺主宾只缺状语→when/where/why。特别记：最高级、序数词、the only、不定代词、人＋物 → 只用 that；介词后、非限制性 → 只用 which。验证一致性：关系代词作主语时，从句谓语与先行词单复数一致。最大陷阱：先行词是 day/year/factory/village，不等于一定用 when/where，必须看从句缺主语/宾语还是缺状语。
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