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/ 让学习更有效 期中培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期中培优卷 | 英语学科
2026~2027学年九年级上册英语期中学业达标培优卷仁爱科普版（新教材）
试卷满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将试卷交回。
一、单项选择（共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分）
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
1．—Has the government found ways to solve the water shortage
—Yes. It ________ several useful plans so far.
A．makes B．made C．has made D．will make
2．The meeting room is so clean. I guess someone ________ it already.
A．cleans B．was cleaning C．has cleaned D．is cleaning
3．Great changes ________ in the village since the new road was built.
A．took place B．take place C．have taken place D．will take place
4．Mr. Smith ________ in this school since 2018.
A．teaches B．taught C．has taught D．is teaching
5．Since 2017, many local people ________ a lot from the newly-built hospital.
A．benefit B．benefited C．have benefited D．will benefit
6．—Could you tell me something about the Four Great Inventions of Ancient China
—Sure. Paper making ________ by Cai Lun during the Eastern Han Dynasty.
A．improved B．was improved C．is improved D．improves
7．National Day ________ every year in our country.
A．celebrated B．was celebrated C．will be celebrated D．is celebrated
8．To save resources,we are encouraged to________as much as possible.
A．produce B．divide C．recycle D．increase
9．The dragon boat race ________ in many cities every year in memory of Qu Yuan.
A．holds B．held C．is held D．was holding
10．— ________ was the telephone invented
— To meet the need for communication.
A．Why B．When C．Where D．How
二、完形填空（共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）
Do you have a dream What will you do to make it come true Let me tell you about Jake Johnson, a 12-year-old boy who wants to be a famous scientist and 11 the world with his cool inventions.
Jake lives in California. He got his first science toy when he was 5 years old, and that’s when he started to love 12 . Jake is always asking questions. He likes to take things apart (分开) to see how they 13 . His mom and dad see how much he loves science, so they help him 14 buying him books and science toys. Jake started to try out something new and make 15 own inventions.
One day, 16 he was playing, Jake’s mom asked him to make something that could help people. Jake 17 this was a great idea, so he began to make special tools to help people who had 18 doing things. Jake’s dad was very 19 to find what Jake had made and showed them to people on the internet. Many people liked Jake’s ideas and wanted to help him.
To make his dream 20 , Jake keeps working. He 21 a lot of time making things. He also goes to science classes and learns from teachers online. Jake works so 22 that he is now known in his town for making helpful tools.
Jake made some 23 tools and showed them at school. He won many 24 . Jake says he is just starting on his way to become a great 25 . He has many ideas in his head and is working hard to make his dreams come true.
11．A．share B．help C．know D．make
12．A．art B．science C．geography D．language
13．A．work B．feel C．solve D．reply
14．A．on B．in C．by D．about
15．A．my B．your C．her D．his
16．A．when B．because C．although D．if
17．A．discussed B．prepared C．thought D．chose
18．A．time B．problems C．examples D．hobbies
19．A．bored B．sad C．angry D．surprised
20．A．come true B．turn on C．take up D．look for
21．A．pays B．spends C．takes D．costs
22．A．fast B．clearly C．hard D．enough
23．A．possible B．useful C．normal D．careless
24．A．races B．grades C．prizes D．hopes
25．A．violinist B．pianist C．dentist D．scientist
三、阅读理解（共两节, 20小题; 每小题2分, 满分40分）
第一节: 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
A Water Experiment
Use the sun’s heat to collect water from muddy water (泥水).
WHAT YOU NEED
A large pot (锅), a small heavy glass, clear plastic wrap (保鲜膜), tape, muddy water and a coin.
WHAT TO DO
Step1 Put the empty glass in the centre of the pot.
Step2 Pour muddy water around the glass. Keep it below the top of the glass.
Step3 Cover the pot with the wrap. Hold it in place with tape.
Step4 Put the coin on the wrap above the glass. It pushes the middle down a little. The wrap must not touch the glass.
Step5 Leave the pot in a sunny place.
WHAT TO SEE
After some time, water drops (水滴) collect on the inside of the wrap. They move towards the middle and fall into the glass. The mud stays in the pot.
26．What do you need in Step 1
①a coin ②a small heavy glass ③clear plastic wrap ④a large pot
A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④
27．Which picture matches Step 4
A． B． C． D．
28．In which situation can we use this device (装置)
A．In a desert with no water. B．In the classroom at school.
C．In the kitchen of a restaurant. D．In the wild with no clean water.
B
From restaurants and homestays to shops and schools, old houses in Chenzhou, Hunan, have new looks after renovation (翻新). Chenzhou’s Beihu neighbourhood is home to many old houses. And more than 35% of them were not renovated.
In February, the city of Chenzhou started the “Awakening Old Houses” plan. It asked people to renovate the old houses.
Xiao Xiuling is a farmer. She grows black rice in Huatang Town. She rented (租) two old buildings that are over 100 years old and she has turned them into a restaurant and an exhibition hall for her products. “When I first saw the two old houses, they were dirty. Then, we renovated them based on their original (原先的) designs. Now, the houses look old on the outside, but they are different inside. That’s why they are popular with both young and old people,” she said. Xiao’s restaurant is running well now. The exhibition hall attracts visitors from all over the country.
Villager Li Yuai said she was glad to see her old house become a tourist attraction in the town. “I have to move away for personal reasons. It’s meaningful that the old building has its great value now. It can bring delight to lots of tourists instead of staying empty (空的),” Li said.
“Renovating the old houses has brought hope to our village. We are living better and better lives now,” Hexie Village’s head Huang Kai said.
29．What is the “Awakening Old Houses” plan about
A．Attracting tourists to the village. B．Bringing old houses back to life.
C．Selling old houses to city people. D．Building new houses for farmers.
30．What’s special about Xiao’s houses after renovation
A．Big enough to live in. B．Free for visitors to stay.
C．Full of creative designs. D．Old outside but new inside.
31．What does the underlined word “delight” mean
A．Pain. B．Trouble. C．Happiness. D．Wisdom.
32．What is Huang’s attitude (态度) towards “Awakening Old Houses”
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Worried. D．Uninterested.
C
A study shows that India and China have made great contributions (贡献) to the increase (增长) of the world’ s forest coverage (覆盖). During the past twenty years, India and China have planted a large number of trees, which are one third of the new vegetation (植被）in the world. That is as large as the Amazon rainforest. And a quarter of the world’s green growth is coming from China.
Over the past 40 years, China has made great efforts to make the land green. In 1978, China began a national-level project called the “Green Great Wall”. With this project, China has succeeded in stopping the wind and the sand in the northern part by planting trees. For example, the Kubuqi Desert in Inner Mongolia, which is near the Yellow River, is the seventh largest desert in China. It was the source of sandstorms in Beijing. But, thanks to the forest, about one-third of the Kubuqi Desert is covered with trees now and the sandstorms have become fewer and fewer.
At present, China’ s forest coverage rate (覆盖率) is over 25%. The total of the man-made forests in China has reached over 1.3 billion mu and the area is more than twice the size of Germany.
China has become a country with the most man-made forests in the world. With China’s success in dealing with desertification (沙漠化), the United Nations Environment Program believes China is one of the most successful countries in fighting desertification.
33．Which of the following shows the correct proportion (比例) of the newly planted trees in India and China
A．1/4 B．1/3 C．2/3 D．3/4
34．What do we know about the Kubuqi Desert
A．It’s near the Yangtze River.
B．It’s China’s seventh largest desert.
C．It was the source of sandstorms in Inner Mongolia.
D．Two thirds of the desert has been covered with trees.
35．In Paragraph 3, how does the writer explain China’ s forest coverage rate
A．By giving examples. B．By telling stories.
C．By listing numbers. D．By using pictures.
36．Why does the writer write this text
A．To ask other countries to learn from China.
B．To call for more efforts to make Earth greener.
C．To ask China to share experience with other countries.
D．To show China’s success in dealing with desertification.
D
Can you imagine a 14-year-old boy making a turbojet engine (涡轮喷气发动机) by himself This sounds like a task for experts, but Che Jingang did it.
Che has loved space and flying since he was little. He was interested in paper planes and wondered why some could fly far. To find out how to make airplanes fly farther, Che turned his home into a test flight ground. By the third grade, he was already teaching himself subjects like maths and science. He also learnt to use software like SolidWorks and CAD to design objects. His passion grew stronger after reading many science books.
Che turned to Douyin for learning resources. He watched videos of a man who built engines. Seeing the powerful flames, Che thought it was “too cool” and decided to try it himself. However, he refused to copy others’ designs.” Copying is meaningless,” he said. “I wouldn’t learn anything, and it would be a waste of time.”
Therefore, he started from zero. He spent six months drawing plans on his computer. During this journey, many strangers online offered him help and encouragement.
Although the engine is not perfect yet, Che is not discouraged by failure. “Nothing can be successfully achieved on the first try,” he said calmly. He believes that mistakes teach him valuable lessons and give him the courage to keep trying.
37．What is the writer’s purpose in using a question at the beginning
A．To explain how turbojet engines work. B．To compare different engineering tools.
C．To introduce an unusual young inventor. D．To encourage readers to read more books.
38．What can we infer (推断) from what Che said in Paragraph 3
A．He values creative thinking. B．He has no patience to follow others.
C．He fears being discussed by strangers. D．He prefers others’ designs.
39．Which best describes Che’s engine-making process
A．It required expensive lab materials. B．It was completed within a short time.
C．It strictly followed expert instructions. D．It got online support from strangers.
40．What can we learn from Che’s story
A．Talent is the most important thing. B．Outside help matters more than effort.
C．Hard work leads to great success. D．Quick results are better than slow progress.
第二节: 阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项, 使短文通顺连贯, 其中有两项是多余选项。
How to Understand the Author’s Viewpoint
Understanding the author’s viewpoint is an important reading skill. 41 Here are some tips to help you.
First, look for text clues. 42 They can be facts, examples or explanations that the author provides. These clues help you understand what the author thinks.
Second, pay attention to the author’s choice of words. 43 For example, if the author uses words like “great” or “wonderful,” it shows a positive viewpoint. If the author uses words like “terrible” or “disappointing,” it shows a negative one.
Third, consider the author’s purpose. 44 Is the author trying to inform, persuade, or entertain The purpose often gives clues about the viewpoint.
Finally, practice with different texts. 45 Over time, you will become better at understanding what the author really means.
A．It helps you understand the author’s opinions and ideas.
B．Positive or negative words can reveal the author’s attitude.
C．The more you practice, the easier it becomes.
D．Clues are pieces of information that support the viewpoint.
E．You should read every word carefully.
F．The author’s purpose is why they wrote the text.
G．You can also ask your teacher for help.
四、选词填空（共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分）
根据短文内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词并用其适当的形式填空，请将单词填写在对应的横线上。每个单词只能用一次，每空一词
early famous problem it international habit put clean comfortably hard
There is a small thing we use every day. We usually 46 it in the bathroom. Without it, we might have 47 with teeth. Can you guess what it is Yes, it’s the toothbrush. But do you know anything about 48 history
According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people 49 their teeth with some small tree branches (树枝). About 800 years ago, people made a kind of brush with pig hair and bamboo. It might be the world’s 50 form of toothbrushes. As time went by, the form of toothbrushes changed. For example, people chose horse hair instead of pig hair because pig hair was too 51 . Imagine that you travel back hundreds of years ago and brush your teeth 52 . It sounds fantastic, doesn’t it
Around the 15th century, the Chinese toothbrush found the 53 market and found its way into Europe. It soon became popular among local people. The invention of toothbrushes was not as 54 as that of paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life. Today we have a good 55 of brushing teeth. We should thank the ancient Chinese for it.
五、短文填空（共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What should you do if you have a headache In modern times, people often take aspirin. But is aspirin 56 (actual) a modern medicine
More than 4,000 years ago, ancient Egyptians used dried leaves to treat pain. And in the fourth century B．C．, a medicine made from tree bark was used 57 (treat) fevers. In the nineteenth century, European scientists discovered that both medicines have the same chemical. They used the chemical to make a modern medicine — aspirin. Today, it’s one of the world’s 58 (cheap) and most helpful medicines.
Some of the medicines we have today come 59 traditional Chinese medicines. In the third century B．C．, some people 60 (begin) studying the human body. They tried many different ways to treat the patients and recorded 61 (they) results. For more than 2,000 years, doctors recorded 62 they found in books. These ancient books are still useful today. Tu Youyou, 63 Chinese medical researcher, found that in the past, people used a herb with yellow flowers to treat fevers. After 64 (study) it, she developed a medicine that saved millions of people from dying.
For 65 (century), Western medicine paid little attention to traditional Chinese medicine. But today, scientists are studying traditional treatments to develop new medicines.
六、阅读表达（共 5 小题; 每小题 2分, 满分10分）
根据短文内容，按要求回答问题。
In the 1970s, plastic shopping bags were hard to see. Today, they have become common products around the world. You can find them in the dark deep sea, on the top of Mount Qomolangma, and even in the polar (极地的) areas. Unluckily, the wide use of plastic bags has caused serious problems.
The story of plastic bags began in 1959, when a Swedish designer named Sten Gustaf Thulin created them. Unlike what many people think now, his idea was to save the earth, not hurt it. People used paper bags before plastic bags appeared. But making large numbers of paper bags meant cutting down more trees. So Thulin invented plastic bags that were lighter, stronger and more durable (耐用的) than paper ones. He hoped people would reuse them instead of throwing them away after using them once.
Things did not go as Thulin planned, though. Since plastic bags were cheap to produce, shops gave them for free. This convenience made people stop reusing them— often, people just used a plastic bag once to carry things home, and then threw it away.
As a result, plastic bag waste grew rapidly. Their light weight allows the wind to easily carry them into rivers, forests, and the sea. An even bigger problem is their durability: a paper bag breaks down in a few months, while it takes hundreds or even thousands of years for a plastic bag to fully break down. Over time, plastic bags break into very small pieces that pollute the land and water. Animals like fish and birds often eat these pieces by mistake. And finally, the plastic even finds its way back to human tables through the food chain (链).
66．Why did Thulin create the plastic bags
67．What did Thulin expect people to do with plastic bags
68．Why did people stop reusing plastic bags
69．What makes plastic bags an environmental problem according to the last paragraph
70．What would you say to Thulin if you could tell him about plastic bags now
七、书面表达（共1小题; 满分25分）
71．假如你是李华，你校英文报正举行主题为 “发明改变生活” 的征文比赛。请根据下面的海报，选择其中一项发明，简要介绍该项发明在你家庭中的使用情况，以及带来的影响。词数80左右。
注意事项：
1. 必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥，开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范；
3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名和地名。
Great inventions bring great changes to our lives.
/ 让学习更有效 期中培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期中培优卷 | 英语学科
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．C
【解析】句意：——政府找到解决缺水问题的方法了吗？——是的。到目前为止，它已经制定了几项有用的计划。
根据答语中的时间状语“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。主语It是第三人称单数，助动词用has。应填has made。
2．C
【解析】句意：会议室非常干净。我猜有人已经打扫过了。
根据“The meeting room is so clean”（现在的状态）和“already”（已经）可知，打扫的动作发生在过去，但对现在造成了影响（房间变干净了），应用现在完成时，has cleaned符合语境。
3．C
【解析】句意：自新路修建以来，这个村庄发生了巨大的变化。
take place意为“发生”，是不及物动词短语，不能用被动语态。由since引导的时间状语从句“since the new road was built”可知，主句表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，应用现在完成时，应填have taken place。
4．C
【解析】句意：自2018年以来，Mr. Smith就一直在这所学校教书。
根据句末的时间状语“since 2018”可知，此处表示动作从过去的某一时间点开始一直持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时。主语“Mr. Smith”为第三人称单数，其现在完成时的谓语结构为“has+过去分词”，即has taught。
5．C
【解析】句意：自2017年以来，许多当地人从新建的医院中受益良多。
根据时间状语“Since 2017”可知，动作从过去某一时间开始持续到现在，判断句子时态为现在完成时。应填have benefited。
6．B
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我一些关于中国古代四大发明的事情吗？——当然。造纸术是在东汉时期由蔡伦改进的。
improved一般过去时主动语态；was improved一般过去时被动语态；is improved一般现在时被动语态；improves一般现在时主动语态。主语与动词“improve”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；时间状语“during the Eastern Han Dynasty”表明是过去的事情，需用一般过去时。综上，应用一般过去时的被动语态 ，应填was improved。
7．D
【解析】句意：国庆节每年在我们国家都被庆祝。
根据时间状语“every year”可知句子描述的是经常性动作或客观事实，时态为一般现在时；主语“National Day”是动作“celebrate”的承受者，应用被动语态，结构为am/is/are+done。“National Day”是单数名词，be动词用is，celebrate的过去分词是celebrated。应选is celebrated。
8．C
【解析】句意：为了节约资源，我们被鼓励尽可能多地回收利用。考查动词辨析。produce 生产；divide 分开；recycle 回收利用；increase 增加。根据"To save resources"可知，目的是节约资源，结合常识，回收利用有助于节约资源。故选 C。
9．C
【解析】句意：为了纪念屈原，每年许多城市都会举办龙舟赛。
根据时间状语“every year”可知，句子应用一般现在时；主语“The dragon boat race”与动词“hold”之间是被动关系（即龙舟赛被举办），需用一般现在时的被动语态“is/am/are+done”，主语为单数名词，be动词用is，应填is held。
10．A
【解析】句意：——电话是为什么被发明的？——为了满足沟通的需求。
Why为什么；When什么时候；Where在哪里；How怎样。根据答语“To meet the need for communication.”可知是询问目的或原因，应用Why提问。
11．B 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D 16．A 17．C 18．B 19．D 20．A 21．B 22．C 23．B 24．C 25．D
【导语】本文讲述12岁男孩Jake热爱科学，坚持发明创造，努力实现成为科学家的梦想的故事。
【解析】11．句意：让我来告诉你一下Jake Johnson，一个12岁的男孩，他梦想成为一名著名的科学家，并用自己酷炫的发明帮助世界。
“who wants to be a famous scientist and...the world with his cool inventions”指成为科学家后用发明帮助世界，help“帮助”符合语境。
12．句意：他5岁时得到了第一个科学玩具，那就是他开始爱上科学的时候。
“He got his first science toy”表明他由此爱上的是科学，science“科学”符合线索。
13．句意：他喜欢把东西拆开看看它们是如何运作的。
“take things apart to see how they...”表明拆开物品是为了了解其运行原理，work“运作”符合语境。
14．句意：他的父母看到他如此热爱科学，所以通过给他买书籍和科学玩具来帮助他。
“help him...buying him books and science toys”表明买书籍和科学玩具是帮助他的途径，by“通过”符合语境。
15．句意：Jake开始尝试新事物，制作他自己的发明。
“Jake”是男性，对应形容词性物主代词his“他的”。
16．句意：有一天，当Jake正在玩耍的时候，他的妈妈让他做一些可以帮助别人的东西。
“he was playing”是时间状语从句，when“当……的时候”符合逻辑。
17．句意：Jake认为这是个好主意，所以他开始制作特殊的工具。
“this was a great idea”表明Jake认为妈妈的主意不错，thought“认为”符合语境。
18．句意：所以他开始制作特殊的工具来帮助那些做事有困难的人。
“help people who had...doing things”指帮助做事有困难的人，have problems doing sth“做某事有困难”是固定搭配，problems符合语境和用法。
19．句意：Jake的爸爸很惊讶地发现了Jake制作的东西，并把它们展示给网上的人看。
“find what Jake had made”指爸爸意外发现Jake的作品，surprised“惊讶的”符合语境。
20．句意：为了让他的梦想成真，Jake一直努力工作。
“To make his dream...”指使梦想实现，come true“实现”符合语境。
21．句意：他花很多时间制作东西。
主语是人，sb spend time doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“某人花费时间做某事”，spends符合用法。
22．句意：Jake工作如此努力，以至于他现在因为制作有用的工具在镇上都出了名。
“Jake keeps working”表明Jake工作努力，hard“努力地”符合语境。
23．句意：Jake制作了一些有用的工具，并在学校展示了它们。
前文提到他制作帮助他人的工具，useful“有用的”符合语境。
24．句意：他赢得了很多奖项。
“won many...”指Jake制作的有用工具得了奖，prizes“奖”符合语境。
25．句意：Jake说他在成为一名伟大的科学家的道路上才刚刚起步。
开篇提到“Let me tell you about Jake Johnson, a 12-year-old boy who wants to be a famous scientist”，表明他的梦想是成为科学家，scientist“科学家”符合语境和线索。
26．C 27．A 28．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项利用太阳热量从泥水中收集洁净水的实验，内容涵盖实验所需材料、操作步骤以及实验现象。
【解析】26．细节理解题。“Step 1”介绍了所需用具：“Put the empty glass in the centre of the pot.”，步骤一是将空的玻璃杯放在大锅的中心，对应序号②和④。
27．细节理解题。“Step 4”提到：“ Put the coin on the wrap above the glass. It pushes the middle down a little. The wrap must not touch the glass.”，杯子正上方的保鲜膜上放有硬币，保鲜膜中间被硬币压得略微下陷，且保鲜膜不接触杯子。图A符合上述特征。
28．推理判断题。第一段指出：“Use the sun’s heat to collect water from muddy water (泥水).”，该装置的作用是从泥水中提取干净的水，推断在野外没有干净饮用水、但有泥水的场景下可以使用该装置。
29．B 30．D 31．C 32．A
【导语】文章主要介绍了湖南郴州启动的“唤醒老屋”计划，通过翻新旧房子使其焕发新生，并讲述了该计划给当地村民和生活带来的积极变化。
【解析】29．细节理解题。根据第二段“In February, the city of Chenzhou started the 'Awakening Old Houses’ plan. It asked people to renovate the old houses.”可知该计划的核心内容是让人们翻新旧房子，即让老房子恢复生机。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段“Now, the houses look old on the outside, but they are different inside.”可知Xiao的房子翻新后的特别之处在于外观依旧古老但内部已经不同。
31．词句猜测题。根据第四段“It’s meaningful that the old building has its great value now. It can bring delight to lots of tourists instead of staying empty…”可知老建筑成为景点给游客带来的是积极的情感体验，意为快乐。
32．观点态度题。根据第五段“Renovating the old houses has brought hope to our village. We are living better and better lives now,”可知Huang认为翻新旧房子带来了希望和生活改善，对此持支持态度。
33．B 34．B 35．C 36．D
【导语】文章介绍了中印两国对世界森林覆盖率的贡献，重点阐述了中国在绿化土地、治理沙漠化方面的巨大成就及国际认可。
【解析】33．细节理解题。根据第一段“India and China have planted a large number of trees, which are one third of the new vegetation in the world.”可知，中印两国种植的树木占世界新植被的三分之一。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段“the Kubuqi Desert in Inner Mongolia... is the seventh largest desert in China.”可知，库布其沙漠是中国第七大沙漠。
35．细节理解题。根据第三段“At present, China’s forest coverage rate is over 25%. The total of the man-made forests in China has reached over 1.3 billion mu...”可知，作者通过列举25%、13亿亩等多个具体数字来说明森林覆盖率。
36．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“China has become a country with the most man-made forests in the world. With China’s success in dealing with desertification...”及全文内容可知，文章旨在展示中国在治理沙漠化方面的成功。
37．C 38．A 39．D 40．C
【导语】本文讲述了14岁少年车金刚从小热爱航天飞行，自学数理知识与设计软件，拒绝照搬他人设计，从零开始自主制作涡轮喷气发动机，在制作过程中得到网友帮助，且不惧失败、坚持尝试的故事。
【解析】37．推理判断题。第一段指出“Can you imagine a 14-year-old boy making a turbojet engine by himself This sounds like a task for experts, but Che Jingang did it.”，作者以设问开篇，引发读者好奇心，自然引出主人公车金刚，目的是介绍这位不同寻常的年轻发明者。
38．推理判断题。第三段指出“However, he refused to copy others’ designs. ‘Copying is meaningless,’ he said. ‘I wouldn’t learn anything, and it would be a waste of time.’”，车金刚拒绝抄袭他人设计，认为抄袭没有意义、学不到知识还浪费时间，由此可推知他十分重视创造性思维。
39．细节理解题。第四段指出“During this journey, many strangers online offered him help and encouragement.”，车金刚的发动机制作过程得到了网上陌生人的帮助与支持。
40．主旨大意题。最后一段指出“‘Nothing can be successfully achieved on the first try,’ he said calmly. He believes that mistakes teach him valuable lessons and give him the courage to keep trying.”，结合全文中车金刚自学相关知识、自主设计发动机、持续付出的经历，可推知努力能够带来巨大的成功，这是我们能从他的故事中获得的启示。
41．A 42．D 43．B 44．F 45．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了理解作者观点的几种方法和技巧，包括寻找线索、注意措辞、考虑写作目的以及多加练习。
【解析】41．前一句点明读懂作者观点是重要阅读技能，A项“It helps you understand the author’s opinions and ideas.”说明了这项技能的作用，承接上文。
42．前文指出寻找文本线索，后文说明它们可以是作者提供的事实、例子或解释，故此处应是对线索的具体定义，D项“Clues are pieces of information that support the viewpoint.”解释了线索的含义，且后文代词“They”指代该句的“Clues”。
43．本段围绕作者的用词展开，后文举例说明褒贬词汇体现不同态度，B项“Positive or negative words can reveal the author’s attitude.”点明褒贬词汇能揭示作者态度，与后文举例内容一致。
44．前文指出要考虑作者的目的，后文提问作者是告知、说服还是娱乐，说明空处需解释什么是作者的写作目的，F项“The author’s purpose is why they wrote the text.”解释了写作目的的含义，且引出下文的具体目的类型。
45．本段建议用不同文本练习，C项“The more you practice, the easier it becomes.”讲述练习的作用，贴合段落主题。
46．put 47．problems 48．its 49．cleaned 50．earliest 51．hard 52．comfortably 53．international 54．famous 55．habit
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了牙刷的历史发展过程，特别提到了中国古代人民对牙刷发明的贡献及其传播。
【解析】46．句意：我们通常把它放在浴室。此处需要一个动词作谓语。根据上文“There is a small thing we use every day.”可知，本处讲述牙刷的日常存放位置，方框内put表示“放置”，符合语境，所以选择put。
47．句意：没有它，我们的牙齿就会出现问题。此处需要一个名词作have的宾语。根据上文“Without it”，上文it指代牙刷，表达没有牙刷牙齿就会产生状况，have problems为固定搭配，所以选择problems。
48．句意：但是你知道关于它的历史吗？此处需要一个形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词history。根据上文“Yes, it’s the toothbrush.”可知，此处要表达“牙刷的历史”，需要物主代词修饰history，方框内it变形为its，意为“它的”，所以选择its。
49．句意：古代中国人用一些小树枝来清洁他们的牙齿。此处需要动词过去式作谓语。根据下文“their teeth with some small tree branches”，文章此处要表达古人使用树枝刷牙的历史行为，方框内clean变为cleaned，所以选择cleaned。
50．句意：这可能是世界上最早形式的牙刷。此处需要形容词最高级作定语修饰form。根据上文“About 800 years ago”，文章此处要表达八百年前的牙刷是早期的牙刷样式，方框内early变为earliest表示“最早的”，所以选择earliest。
51．句意：人们选择马毛而不是猪毛，因为猪毛太硬。此处需要一个形容词作表语。根据上文“people chose make a kind of brush with pig hair and bamboo”，下文更换刷毛，文章此处要表达猪毛材质的缺点，方框内hard表示“坚硬的”，所以选择hard。
52．句意：想象你穿越回几百年前，舒服地刷牙。 根据上文“people chose horse hair instead of pig hair because pig hair was too hard”可知，人们舍弃过硬的猪毛，改用马毛制作牙刷。文章此处要表达使用替换材料后的牙刷刷牙的感受。此处需要一个副词修饰动词brush，方框内comfortably表示“舒服地”，符合语境，所以选择comfortably。
53．句意：大约15世纪，中国牙刷进入国际市场并传入欧洲。此处需要一个形容词作定语修饰market。根据下文“found its way into Europe”，文章此处要表达牙刷向外传播，走向国外市场，方框内international表示“国际的”，所以选择international。
54．句意：牙刷的发明不如造纸术出名，但在日常生活中非常有用。此处需要一个形容词用于not as…as同级比较结构。根据下文“but it was very useful in daily life”，文章此处要表达牙刷发明名气比不上造纸术，但是实用性很强，方框内famous表示“著名的”，所以选择famous。
55．句意：如今我们拥有刷牙的好习惯。此处需要一个名词作have的宾语。根据下文“of brushing teeth”，文章此处要表达现代人养成刷牙的良好行为，a good habit是固定搭配，方框内habit表示“习惯”，所以选择habit。
56．actually 57．to treat 58．cheapest 59．from 60．began 61．their 62．what 63．a 64．studying 65．centuries
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了阿司匹林的来源以及现代医学与传统中医之间的联系，并指出如今科学家正在研究传统疗法以开发新药。
【解析】56．句意：但阿司匹林实际上是一种现代药物吗？此处修饰整个句子，表示“实际上”，应用副词actually。
57．句意：在公元前四世纪，一种由树皮制成的药物被用来治疗发烧。此处表示“被用来做某事”，应用动词不定式to treat作目的状语，即be used to do sth.。
58．句意：今天，它是世界上最便宜、最有用的药物之一。此处与“most helpful”并列，表示“最便宜的”，应用形容词最高级cheapest，且最高级前有定冠词the修饰。
59．句意：我们今天拥有的一些药物来自传统中药。此处表示“来自”，应用介词from，构成come from短语。
60．句意：在公元前三世纪，一些人开始研究人体。根据“In the third century B.C.”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，所以这里用begin的过去式began。
61．句意：他们尝试了许多不同的方法来治疗病人，并记录了他们的结果。此处修饰名词results，应用形容词性物主代词their。
62．句意：两千多年来，医生们在书中记录了他们所发现的东西。此处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作found的宾语，表示“所……的东西”，应用what。
63．句意：屠呦呦，一位中国医学研究者，发现过去人们用一种开黄花的草药来治疗发烧。此处泛指“一位”中国医学研究者，且Chinese以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。
64．句意：在研究它之后，她研制出一种药物，拯救了数百万人的生命。介词After后接动词时，应用动名词形式作宾语，即study的动名词studying。
65．句意：几个世纪以来，西方医学很少关注传统中医。此处表示“几个世纪”，且“For”后接一段时间，应用可数名词century的复数形式centuries。
66．Because he wanted to save the earth. 67．He expected people to reuse them. 68．Because plastic bags were cheap to produce and shops gave plastic bags for free. 69．Their light weight and durability. 70．I’m sorry your invention was misunderstood. Now we’re learning to change.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了塑料袋的发明背景、发明者的初衷以及塑料袋广泛使用后带来的严重环境问题。
【解析】66．第二段明确指出“Unlike what many people think now, his idea was to save the earth, not hurt it”，说明Thulin发明塑料袋是为了拯救地球，因此答案是原文直接信息。
67．第二段明确指出“He hoped people would reuse them instead of throwing them away after using them once”，说明Thulin期望人们重复使用塑料袋，因此答案是原文直接信息。
68．第三段明确指出“Since plastic bags were cheap to produce, shops gave them for free. This convenience made people stop reusing them”，说明人们停止重复使用是因为生产成本低，商店免费提供，因此答案是原文直接信息。
69．第四段指出“Their light weight allows the wind to easily carry them...An even bigger problem is their durability... for a plastic bag to fully break down”，说明轻便和耐用性使塑料袋成为环境问题，答案几乎是原文引述。
70．本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一，但观点需基于文中事实。结合文章内容和自己的看法、理由，合理作答即可。
71．例文：
Great inventions bring great changes to our lives.
The smartphone is one of them. In my family, everyone has a smartphone and we use it every day. My parents check the news on it. They can get information quickly. I often use it to listen to English and talk with my friends. During family trips, we can use the phone to take photos and find directions easily. And we can also go shopping online through the phone.
It helps us learn, relax, and stay close to each other. Truly, it makes our life more convenient and colourful.
【解析】写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：介绍性记叙文，以一般现在时为主
明确要点：介绍一项发明（智能手机）、这项发明在家庭中的使用情况、这项发明给家庭生活带来的影响。
确定人称：第一人称（I/my）
注意事项：不得透露真实姓名、校名和地名
[第二步：构思布局]
三段式结构：
开头段：总起句，点明发明改变生活，引出介绍的发明
主体段：介绍智能手机在家庭里的日常使用情况
结尾段：总结智能手机带来的影响，升华主题
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：介绍一项发明（智能手机）
引出发明：The smartphone is one of them/The smartphone changes our daily life/The smartphone is a great invention等
家庭使用概况：In my family, everyone has a smartphone and we use it every day/All my family members use the smartphone every day/We have our own smartphones at home等
要点二：这项发明在家庭中的使用情况
父母的使用：My parents check the news on it/They can get information quickly/My parents watch short videos on it/My parents search useful information on it等
我的使用：I often use it to listen to English and talk with my friends/I use it to practise my spoken English/I chat with my classmates on it等
全家外出时的使用：During family trips, we can use the phone to take photos and find directions easily/We use it to look for interesting places on trips/We record wonderful moments on our family trips等
线上使用：And we can also go shopping online through the phone/We buy daily goods on it/We pay for things on the Internet with it等
要点三：这项发明给家庭生活带来的影响
带来的帮助：It helps us learn, relax, and stay close to each other/It helps us communicate with each other better/It makes our study much easier等
总体作用：Truly, it makes our life more convenient and colourful/It brings great fun to our family life/It makes our daily life much simpler等
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