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(共33张PPT)
专题一 名词
图解语法·学规律
名词
可数名词
(5年5考)
规律变化
不规律变化
一般情况，直接加-s：year→years(2026·63)
以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词，加-es：watch→watches
辅音字母＋y结尾的单词，变y为i,再加-es：baby→babies
元音字母＋y结尾的单词，加-s：monkey→monkeys
以f/fe结尾的单词，变f/fe为v,再加-es：wolf→wolves，
wife→wives
以o结尾的单词，①有生命，加-es：hero→heroes，
tomato→tomatoes可数名词
②无生命，加-s：photo→photos,piano→pianos(5年5考)
单复同形：sheep→sheep,deer→deer
表示“某国人”,中日不变英法变，其他-s加后面：Chinese→Chinese
特殊变化：man→men,foot→feet，tooth→teeth，
child→children
名词
不可数名
词(5年2考)
专有名词
可用much，ittle，a little,some，a lot of修饰：some advice，
a lot of water
数词/冠词＋表示量的名词＋of＋不可数名词，表示不可数名词的量：two cups of tea，a piece of news
人名、地名、国名：Tom，Paris，China
组织/机构名、报刊/杂志名：Bank of China，Time
星期、月份、节日：Sunday，May，the Spring Festival
称呼、头衔：Mum，Doctor，Black
名词
可数名词
(5年5考)
’s所有格
of所有格
双重所有格
to所有格
有生命的名词所有格，一般在词尾加’s，但以s结尾的名词只加”’：Mary’sbook，Teachers’Day
表示共同所有，在最后一个人后加’s；表示分别所有，在每个人后加’s：’s所有格Lucy and Lily’s room，Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms
表示商铺、某人的家、诊所或餐馆等的名词所有格，其后的名词可省略：at my uncle’s
表示时间、距离、价格等，加’s或’：five minutes’walk
无生命的名词所有格，一般用of结构：a wheel of the car
of＋’s所有格，表示其中之一或其中一部分：a picture of my brother’s
of＋名词性物主代词：some new friends of mine
the key to the door，the answer to the question，the way to the cinema
考点一　可数名词(5年5考)
语境体悟
方框选词
1.(2026·天水)Do you know that many popular _______ are based on books？
2.Our school holds different interesting activities every few _________.
3.New __________ include colorful pictures that can make word learning more fun.
4.She took lots of beautiful ________ during her stay in Suzhou.
5.The news warned local ___________ not to enter that dangerous area.
6.Dragons are not real animals but look like a combination (结合体) of many animals such as fish，_____ and snakes.
month　photo　fisherman　deer　movie　dictionary
语境语法·练运用
movies
months
dictionaries
photos
fishermen
deer
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
A Book Sale： Buy the Book， Build the Hope
Purpose： To raise money for 7.________ (child).
Place： The second 8.______ (floor) of the library.
Time： From 2 pm to 5 pm this Saturday.
Tip (提示)： Bring money and some small 9.________(box) to hold your books.
Volunteers needed： Carry books and guide students to different 10.
______ (area).
children
floor
boxes
areas
用法总结
一、可数名词变复数的规则变化
规则 例词
一般情况下，直接在名词词尾加-s year→years(2026·63， 2025·61， 2023·62)，
movie→movies(2024·64)， interest→interests
以s， x， sh， ch结尾的单词，在词尾加－es class→classes， box→boxes， wish→wishes，
watch→watches
辅音字母＋y结尾的单词，变y为i，再加-es； 元音字母＋y结尾的单词，加-s ability→abilities(2026·41)， story→stories，
day→days， way→ways(2022·56)
如果词尾的ch发音为/k/，要加-s： stomach→stomachs
规则 例词
以f， fe结尾的单词，变f/fe为v，再加-es leaf→leaves， shelf→shelves， knife→knives， life→lives
以o结尾的单词 有生命，加-es hero→heroes， tomato→tomatoes， potato→potatoes
无生命，加-s radio→radios， photo→photos， piano→pianos
知识拓展
1.常用复数形式的名词： chopsticks (筷子)， scissors (剪刀)， trousers， glasses (眼镜)， shorts， clothes。这些词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但被a pair of修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。
2.集体名词：
(1)形式为单数，意义可以为单数或复数的集体名词： family， team， public， class， crowd， couple。
My family is a happy family.我的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。
My family are dancing to the music.我的家人正跟着音乐跳舞。
family表示“多个家庭”时，复数为families；表示“家人”时，本身就有复数含义
(2)形式为单数，但意义为复数的集体名词： people， police。
The police are running to catch the thief.警察正在跑去抓小偷。 方法好
二、可数名词变复数的不规则变化
规则 例词
单复同形 sheep→sheep， deer→deer， fish→fish
1.fish指“鱼肉”时，不可数；2.fish强调鱼的“条数”时，可数名词，单复同形；
3.fish强调鱼的“种类”时，复数是fishes。
表示“某国人”，中日不变英法变，其他－s加后面 Chinese→Chinese， Japanese→Japanese，
Englishman→Englishmen， Frenchman→Frenchmen，
American→Americans， German→Germans
特殊变化 man→men， woman→women，
man和woman作定语时，其单复数形式与被修饰词的单复数一致：man teacher→men teachers， woman doctor→women doctors
policeman→policemen，foot→feet，tooth→teeth，child→children，
mouse→mice
考点二　不可数名词(5年2考)
语境体悟
方框选词
safe　exercise　sunshine　work　energy　sad　bottle　time
11.(2026·广安) I’m always full of ________ after jogging every morning.
12.Can you think of any _______ tips to protect yourselves from danger？
13.She tried to hide her ________，but her face told everything.
14.By the ______ we arrived at the opera house，the performance had ended.
15.Try active rest，such as enjoying the __________ or going for a walk. These can help your body and mind relax.
16.Zhou Tao drinks three ________ of cola a day，so he has put on 8 kg in the past six months.
17.I do _________ after class and ask teachers for help when I’m stuck.
18.It takes a great deal of ______ to take good care of the elderly.
energy
safety
sadness
time
sunshine
bottles
exercises
work
一、常见的不可数名词
类别 例词
物质名词 液体 water，milk，tea，coffee，soup，juice
气体 air
食物 bread，rice，meat，sugar
自然物质 sunshine，sand，wood，soil
其他 money，rubbish
类别 例词
抽象名词 情感 fear (2025·44)，anger (2024·47)，shame (2024·47)，happiness，
surprise (2024·47)
学科 geography，science，physics，math
其他 advice，information，news，weather，music，work，time，housework，homework，knowledge，pollution
二、不可数名词量的表达
类别 用法 示例
具体的量 数词/冠词＋表示量的名词＋of＋不可数名词 不可数名词用量词表达时，谓语动词的数由量词的单复数决定 a piece of advice 一条建议
two bottles of water 两瓶水
大概的量 much/little/a little/some/any/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of＋不可数名词 some bread一些面包
the rest of the homework剩余的作业
三、可数与不可数两用的名词
　　有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同：
名词 可数名词词义 不可数名词词义
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
orange 橙子 橙汁
paper 报纸；文件；试卷 纸
room 房间 空间
time 次数；倍数；时代 时间
wood 树林 木材
work 作品 工作
experience 经历 经验
exercise 习题，练习；体操 锻炼；运动
考点三　专有名词
语境体悟
将左栏短文中含有的专有名词分类填写在右栏中
　　Last April，Ms. Smith，an English teacher，took her students from Nanjing No. 3 Middle School to visit the public library in London，the capital of the UK. When they came back，she shared a wonderful article from The Times with her students，telling them that reading widely can open up a whole new world to young people. 19.人名：________________________
20.地名：________________________
21.国家：________________________
22.学校： ________________________
23.报刊：________________________
24.月份：________________________
Ms. Smith
London
the UK
Nanjing No. 3 Middle School
The Times
April
用法总结
　　专有名词的首字母要大写，但其中的虚词，如定冠词the、介词of的首字母一般不需要大写，如the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国。
类别 例词
人名 Yuan Longping，Mr. Green　有时专有名词可以转化为普通名词：A Mr. Green called you just now. 刚才有位Green先生给你打电话。
地名/江河 Beijing，New York，Asia，the Yellow River
国家 China，France，the UK
机构 the United Nations (联合国)，the Communist Party of China (中国共产党)
作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
类别 例词
院校 the University of Oxford (牛津大学)
月份 January，May，December
星期 Monday，Wednesday，Saturday
节日 New Year’s Day，the Mid－Autumn Festival
考点四　名词所有格
语境体悟
根据括号内的提示完成句子
25.(2026·凉山州)—How far is it from Chengdu to Xichang？
—It’s about ______________ (三小时的车程) by high－speed train.
26.They all think my eyes look bigger than my ___________ (brother).
27.________________ (Eric and Helen) father works in the police station.
28.I left my coat at the ________ (doctor) after my check－up yesterday.
29._______________ (我的一个朋友) will come to visit my family this weekend.
3 hours’ ride
brother ’ s
Eric and Helen’s
doctor’s
A friend of mine
用法总结
类别 用法 示例
’s所有格 一般在词尾加’s；以-s结尾的复数名词只加’；以-s结尾的单数名词 (含人名)可加’s，也可只加’ the boy’s book 男孩的书
Children’s Day 儿童节
Teachers’ Day 教师节
表示共同所有，在最后一个人后加’s；表示分别所有，在每个人后加’s Jim and Tom’s room (共同所有)
Jim’s and Tom’s rooms (各自所有)
表示某人的“店铺”“家”“诊所” “办公室”等时，一般省略被修饰的表示地点的名词 at the doctor’s 在诊所
go to my uncle’s 去我叔叔家
at Charles’s 在Charles家
表示时间、距离、价格等，可在词尾加’s或’ two weeks’ holiday 两周的假期
half an hour’s ride 半小时的车程
类别 用法 示例
of所有格 名词＋of＋名词 a leg of a table 一条桌子腿
the life of the poor 穷人的生活
双重所有格 of＋’s所有格/名词性物主代词 a photo of my brother’s 我哥哥的一张照片
some new friends of mine 我的一些新朋友
to所有格 当key，answer，way，bridge，entrance，exit 等表示所属时，要用to表示所属关系 the key to the door 门的钥匙
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the bridge to the knowledge 知识的桥梁
the way to the cinema 去电影院的路
微专题一　名词考法和解题技巧
名词在语篇填空中的考查
考向1　可数名词单数(2026·59) (2025·57)(2024·58) (2023·63) (2022·64)
对接中考·明方向
高频考法 例句
a/an/one/another＋可数名词 单数 (2026·59) Another 1._________ (example) is solar energy.
(2025·57) Wu lost his parents when he was a young 2.______ (child) and he lived a very poor life.
(2024·58) One day he fell asleep on a 3._____(rock) after he got 100 copper coins.
(2023·63) Then again，I’d also love to be a racing 4._______ (driver).
every/each ＋可数名词单数 (2022·64) After all，not all the teachers have the time to make each 5._______ (child) wash his hands properly.
example
child
rock
driver
child
考向2　可数名词复数(2026·63) (2025·61)(2024·64)(2023·62)(2022·56)
高频考法 例句
空前有明确的大于“1”的数字限定时，填可数名词复数 (2025·61) After three 6._______ (year) of learning，he created the so-called shuti of landscape painting.
空前有few/a few/some/many/ lots of/a lot of/several/both /all/other/a pair of/all kinds of等词修饰时，填可数名词 复数 (2026·63) Water power is friendly to nature and dams (大
坝) can serve people for many 7.______ (year).
(2024·64) Many of the stories about Bao were made into some8.________ (movie)，novels，operas and so on.
(2023·62) My teacher thinks Chinese medicine will be greatly developed over the next few 9._______ (year).
在固定用法中，如空前出现one of the＋形容词最高级时，填可数名词复数 (2022·56) One of the easiest 10.______ (way) to stop the spread of illness is to wash your hands.
years
years
movies
years
ways
考向3　名词所有格
　　此考法在河南中考中考查较少，分析全国中考考情，可能有以下考法：
高频考法 例句
当两个名词连续出现，且后一个名词是前一个名词的所属物时，填名词所有格 Today is my 11._________(brother) birthday. I want to make a bowl of long noodles for him.
brother’s
考向4　词性转换
具体规则见P54专题八构词法。
一、完形填空
主题：人与自我——诚实守信　　　　　　情境：诚实者得王位
　　A long time ago，there was an old king who had no children of his own. The king was worried that his 　1　 would fall into the wrong hands after his death，so he decided to pick a child in his land to take the high 　2　. One day，he called all the children to his castle (城堡) and gave each of them a seed (种子). “Come back on New Year’s Day and show me what you have grown，” he said to them，“　3　 I will choose a person to be the next king.”
(　　)1.A.family　　 B.land　　 C.law　　 D.dream
(　　)2.A.road　　 B.ground　 C.tower　 D.seat
(　　)3.A.or　　　 B.but　　　 C.and　　 D.so
模拟演练·提能力
B
D
C
Every child brought their seeds home 　4　. One of the children，Wong，planted his seed in a pot. He watered it every day and made sure there was 　5　 to help it grow. Months passed but nothing 　6　 from it. He felt a little disappointed.
(　　)4.A.carefully　 B.easily　 C.suddenly　 D.quietly
(　　)5.A.wind　　 B.sunshine　 C.rain　　 D.food
(　　)6.A.spread　 B.grew　　 C.survived　 D.came
A
B
B
Then，Sung，the 　7　 of the richest family in the land，told people that a small plant was growing from his seed. He was the 　8　 one to bring his pot to the king. Everyone excitedly said that 　9　 would be king. Soon，one after another，more and more children were also saying that they had something in their pots. But Wong still didn’t 　10　 anything in his.
(　　)7.A.child　　 B.cook　　　　C.guard　　 D.neighbour
(　　)8.A.first　 B.second　 C.third　 D.fourth
(　　)9.A.they　　 B.you　　　　 C.it　　　　 D.he
(　　)10.A.find　 B.plant　　 C.water　　 D.burn
A
A
D
A
On the big day，when Wong brought his pot to the castle，he saw all the other children carrying 　11　 plants. Some had flowers in the shape of a bird，and some had grasses of different colors. Everyone proudly showed their plants to the king，but the king looked 　12　 until he saw Wong’s pot. “I boiled the seeds before I 　13　，so no plants could grow from them，” the king said and looked seriously at the children. “There is only one child who is 　14　 enough to be king.”
Ten years later，the king died. On his deathbed，he was not 　15　 because he knew Wong would be a good king.
(　　)11.A.common　　 B.healthy　 C.interesting　　 D.tall
(　　)12.A.impolite　　 B.unlucky　　　 C.inactive　　　 D.unhappy
(　　)13.A.gave them out　 B.cleaned them up　 C.put them away D.cut them down
(　　)14.A.honest　　 B.wise　　　 C.popular　　　 D.strong
(　　)15.A.pleased　　 B.lonely　　 C.worried　　　 D.calm
C
D
A
A
C
二、语篇填空
主题：人与自然——热爱与敬畏自然　　　　　情境：野兔的生存之道
farmer　enemy　they　weather　choose　catch　tooth　direction　same　dig
　　Rabbits are small and cute animals with white fur (毛皮)，long ears and soft bodies. But the rabbits in the wild are not the 1.______ as those at home. The information below may help you know more about 2._____.
What do wild rabbits eat？ You may think they like carrots best. However，they would rather 3.________ green plants，such as grass and vegetables. Sometimes they also eat crops (庄稼)，so 4.__________ may not welcome them.
same
them
choose
farmers
Where do wild rabbits live？Most of them live in the fields，forests or grasslands. They are good at 5._______ holes. They dig underground holes which can protect them from enemies and bad 6._______. The holes can also be used to store food and raise the young.
farmer　enemy　they　weather　choose　catch　tooth　direction　same　dig
digging
weather
How do wild rabbits keep safe？ They have many 7._________，such as foxes and snakes. To survive，they use clever tricks (把戏). For example，when other animals hunt them，they will run away in a special way. As a result，they won’t be 8._______ easily. Also，their special eyes help them to notice danger from almost every 9._________. Though they are not very strong，their amazing abilities help them live through the hard conditions in nature.
farmer　enemy　they　weather　choose　catch　tooth　direction　same　dig
enemies
caught
direction
There are also some fun facts about wild rabbits. They can jump higher than cats，but lower than kangaroos (袋鼠). Their front 10._____ never stop growing，so they need to chew (咀嚼) every day to stop them from getting too long. Isn’t that amazing？
farmer　enemy　they　weather　choose　catch　tooth　direction　same　dig
teeth

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