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专题九 简单句和并列句
图解语法·学规律
简单句和并列句
句子成分
简单句
(5年5考)
主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、同位语、表语
基本句型
主＋谓
主＋谓＋宾
主＋系＋表
主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾
主＋谓＋宾＋宾补
简单句和并列句
简单句
(5年5考)
分类
陈述句
疑问句
祈使句
感叹句
存现句
(5年2考)
肯定句：主语＋be动词＋其他./主语＋谓语＋其他.
否定句：主语＋be动词＋not＋其他./主语＋助动词/情态动词＋not＋动词原形/过去分词＋其他.
一般疑问句：Be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语＋动词原形/现在分词/过去分词＋其他？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(作主语或主语的定语)＋陈述语序？
特殊疑问词(不作主语或主语的定语)＋疑问语序？
肯定形式：Be型，Do型，Let型
否定形式：Don’t/Never＋动词原形＋其他.
No＋名词/动名词.
Don’t let sb.do... ＝Let sb.not do...
What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)！
What＋形容词＋可数名词复数/不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！
How＋形容词副词(＋主语＋谓语)！
How＋主语＋谓语(＋其他)！
there be结构：There＋be(2023·70，2022·66)＋主语＋时间/地点状语.
简单句和并列句
并列句
(5年3考)
简单句＋并列连词＋简单句
并列连词：for，and(2026·67，2025·63，2024·63)，nor，but，or，yet，so
关联连词：either...or，neither.….nor，not only...but also... ，not... but.... ，both...and...
考点一　句子成分
语境体悟
请写出下列句子中画线部分的成分
1.The girl wearing a red dress is my sister.( )
2.They will visit the museum tomorrow. ( )
3.One day，I’m going to travel all over the world. ( )
4.Jim’s father bought him a schoolbag on his birthday. ( )( )
5.Mr.Johnson，our new neighbor，moved here last week.( )
6.You should speak loudly to make yourself understood by everyone here. ( )
7.True friends will never laugh at your mistakes but will help you learn from them. ( )
语境语法·练运用
定语
谓语
状语
间接宾语
直接宾语
同位语
宾语补足语
主语
用法总结
成分 作用 常见形式 例句
主语 (Subject) 动作的执行者或句子的主体 名词、代词、动名词、不定式 单个动名词/不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数；两个不同的动名词由 and 连接作主语，谓语用复数。 She loves music.她喜欢音乐。
To learn is important.学习很重要。
Running is good for my health.跑步对我的健康有好处。
谓语 (Verb) 表示动作或状态 及物动词、不及物动词、系动词、情态动词/助动词＋实义动词 He runs fast.他跑得快。
She can speak English.她会说英语。
I have finished it.我已经完成它了。
成分 作用 常见形式 例句
宾语 (Object) 动作的承受者 名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句 I read a book.我读了一本书。
He gave me a pen. 他给了我一支钢笔。
me 间接宾语，a pen 直接宾语
定语 (Attributive) 修饰名词 形容词、名词所有格、分词短语、介词短语、从句 The red car is cheap.这辆红色的车很
便宜。
The broken window was fixed.破窗户修好了。
状语 (Adverbial) 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子 副词、介词短语、不定式、 从句 He works hard.他工作努力。
To catch the bus，she got up early.为了赶上公共汽车，她起得很早。
成分 作用 常见形式 例句
宾语补足语 (Object Complement) 补充说明宾语的动作、状态或身份 名词、形容词、不定式、分词 -ing表主动或进行； -ed表被动或完成 We call him Tom.我们叫他Tom。
I had my hair cut.我剪了头发。
同位语 (Appositive) 解释或重述前面的名词 名词、名词短语 Mr.Li，our history teacher，is kind.李老师，我们的历史老师，很和蔼。
表语 (Predicative) 说明主语的身份、特征、性质或状态 名词、形容词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、从句 She is a teacher.她是一位老师。
His dream is to be a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。
考点二　简单句(5年5考)
语境体悟
完成句子
8.______ excited we are to look forward to the competition！
9.(2026·云南) ______ a cool T－shirt！ I will buy one for my dad.
10.There ____ different kinds of after－school activities in our school.
11.(2026·扬州) —______ do you often travel to other cities during holidays？
—By high－speed train.
How
What
are
How
12.This holiday，I plan to take up cooking to make delicious meals ____ my parents.
13.There ___ a big apple tree and two orange trees in front of the house.
14.There ___________________ a heavy rain tomorrow. You’d better take an umbrella with you.
15.My mother gives all her love ____ us and I hope she can be healthy forever.
for
is
is going to be/will be
to
按要求完成句子
16.They visited a famous university last Sunday. (对画线部分提问)
______ _____ they ______ last Sunday？
17.There are some flowers on the teacher’s desk. (改为一般疑问句)
_____ ______ _____ flowers on the teacher’s desk？
18.You mustn’t throw anything at the animals when you are in the zoo.(改为祈使句)
______ ______ anything at the animals when you are in the zoo.
19.Wendy did voluntary work at the old lady’s house last weekend. (改为否定句)
Wendy _______ _____ voluntary work at the old lady’s house last weekend.
What did
visit
Are　there　any
Don’t　throw
didn’t　 do
用法总结
一、五大基本句型
结构 例句 特点
主＋谓(SV) 不及物动词vi. The sun rises.太阳升起了。 动词后面不能加宾语
主＋谓＋宾(SVO) 及物动词vt. Mandy plays the guitar. Mandy弹吉他。 动词后必须搭配宾语
主＋系＋表(SVP) He is a doctor.他是一位医生。 be 动词、 感官动词、变化系动词后接名词、形容词
主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾 (SVOO) I bought my sister a book.我给我妹妹买了一本书。 人(间接宾语)在前，物(直接宾语)在后
主＋谓＋宾＋宾补 (SVOC) We keep the classroom clean.我们保持教室干净。 补充说明宾语的身份或状态，删除后句意残缺
双宾语互换规则
原结构：主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 人(间宾) ＋ 物(直宾)
互换后：主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 物(直宾) ＋ 介词(to/for) ＋ 人(间宾)
如：He gave me a gift. ＝ He gave a gift to me.
注意：当直接宾语是it或them时，只能用动词＋it/them＋to sb.
如：Give it to me，please.请把它给我。
知识拓展
介词for表为了或替某人
高频动词：make制作，buy买，bring带来，build建造，cook做饭，find寻找，sing唱歌，play演奏，do 做，choose 选择，order 订购等
介词to表传递方向
高频动词：give给，show 展示，tell告诉，send寄出，teach教，sell卖，pass递给，lend借给，throw扔，hand上交，offer提供，write写等
易错提醒：explain，suggest，mention 这三个词，绝对不能套用 sb. sth. 结构，只能用 sth. to sb.结构。
知识拓展
方法好
二、简单句的分类
类型 功能 结构 例句
陈述句 陈述事实 或观点 肯定句： 主语＋be动词＋其他. 主语＋谓语＋其他. Lily is an American girl.Lily是一个美国女孩。
His parents teach math in this school.他的父母在这所学校教数学。
否定句： 主语＋ be动词＋not＋其他. 主语＋助动词/情态动词＋ not ＋ 动词原形/过去分词＋其他. We were not at home last night.我们昨晚不在家。
We didn’t finish the homework.我们没完成作业。
类型 功能 结构 例句
疑问句 提出问题 一般疑问句： Be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语＋动词原形/现在分词/过去分词 ＋其他？ Is your brother at home？你的哥哥在家吗？
Did everyone have a good weekend？每个人都有一个愉快的周末吗？
特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词(作主语或主语的定语)＋陈述语序？ 特殊疑问词(不作主语或主语的定语)＋疑问语序？ Who won the competition？谁赢了比赛？
What animals do you like？你喜欢什么动物？
类型 功能 结构 例句
祈使句 发出指令 或请求 肯定形式： Be型：Be＋表语(＋其他). Do型：(You/Please)＋动词原形＋其他. Let型：Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他. Be quiet！安静！
Please arrive on time！请准时到！
Let’s go.我们走吧。
否定形式： Don’t/Never ＋动词原形＋其他. No＋名词/动名词. Don’t let sb.do… ＝ Let sb.not do… Don’t be late for class again.别再上课迟到了。
No talking！禁止说话！
Don’t let him give up！不要让他放弃！
类型 功能 结构 例句
感叹句 表达强烈感情 What引导： What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)！ What＋形容词＋可数名词复数/不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！ What a big success (the fashion show is)！(这场时装秀)真成功！
What interesting stories (she told)！(她讲的)故事真有趣啊！
How引导： How＋形容词/副词(＋主语＋ 谓语)！ How＋主语＋谓语(＋其他)！ How strongly (the wind is blowing) ！(风吹得)真大！
How time flies！时间过得真快！
三、存现句(there be结构)(5年2考)
基本结构：There＋be＋主语＋时间/地点状语.
there be结构遵循就近原则，谓语的人称和数与靠近它的主语保持一致
There are some birds in the tree.树上有一些鸟。
时态结构：一般现在时： There is/are＋主语＋其他.
一般过去时： There was/were＋主语＋其他.
一般将来时： There is going to be/There will be＋主语＋其他.
there be和have的区别：
there be结构表示“某处有某物/某人”，强调存在；have表示“某人拥有某物”，强调所属。
There is some bread on the desk.桌子上有一些面包。
Lisa has many beautiful dresses.Lisa有很多漂亮的裙子。
知识拓展
方法好
考点三　并列句(5年3考)
语境体悟
完成句子
20.You can choose to go to the park ____ stay at home this weekend.
21.The basketball game was really difficult，______ our team didn’t give up.
22.It started to rain heavily，_____ we decided to stay indoors and read books.
23.(2026·吉林) Parents ____ schools make rules to help us. So，we should follow the rules.
or
but
so
and
方框选词
for　yet　nor　neither…nor…　not…but…　either…or…
24.She doesn’t like playing football，_____ does Jeff.
25.It’s _____ that I don’t want to go，_____ that I have no time.
26.He has a good job，and _____ he never seems to be happy.
27.He had a great desire to have a room of his own _____ he had always lived with his brother.
28.________ Lily ____ Lucy is going with you because one of them must stay at home.
29.After lots of practice，________ Susan _____ I am afraid of giving a speech in public now.
nor
not
but
yet
for
Either
or
neither
nor
用法总结
一、含义和结构
　　由并列连词连接两个或两个以上地位平等、互不从属的简单句，构成并列句；分句之间无主次之分。
结构：简单句 ＋ 并列连词 ＋ 简单句
二、并列连词 记忆口诀：FANBOYS(for，and，nor，but，or，yet，so)
连词 功能 例句
for 补充说明原因 He stayed at home for he was ill.他待在家因为他病了。
　　　只能放两分句中间，不可放句首；不回答 why
and 并列、顺承 I’m cooking and she is cleaning.我在做饭，她在打扫。
nor 否定递进，后用倒装 She doesn’t sing，nor does she dance.她不唱歌，也不跳舞。
nor 前不能加 and
连词 功能 例句
but 转折 The dress is beautiful but expensive.这条裙子很漂亮但是很贵。
or 选择；否则 Finish your work，or you’ll stay late.完成你的工作，否则你会待到很晚。
yet 强烈对比转折(让步) He studied hard，yet failed the exam.他学习很努力，但还是考试没及格。
可搭配 and 连用：and yet
so 引出结果 It rained，so we didn’t go to the museum.下雨了，所以我们没去博物馆。
so 和 because 不可连用
三、关联连词　连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则
连词组合 功能 例句
either…or… 要么……要么…… 选择 Either we go to the beach or we visit the zoo.我们要么去海边要么去动物园。
neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 否定 I neither watched TV nor played games last night.我昨晚既没有看电视，也没有打游戏。
not only…but also… 不仅……而且…… 递进 Not only can she draw well，but she also plays the piano well.她不仅画画好，钢琴也弹得好。
not…but… 不是……而是…… 转折 对比 Not you but I am chosen.被选中的不是你，而
是我。
both…and… 既……又…… 肯定 She is both smart and hard-working.她既聪明又勤奋。
微专题八　简单句和并列连词考法及解题技巧
考向1　存现句(2023·70)(2022·66)
　　在近五年河南中考中，存现句一般在语篇填空第二节中进行考查，可能会填there或be动词。
对接中考·明方向
考点 例句
存现句 (2023·70) 1._______ is a lot to see in the museum.
(2022·66)There 2.____ a lot of great Chinese sayings and many of them are about how to live a good life.
There
are
考向2　并列连词(2026·67)(2025·63)(2024·63)
　　在近五年河南中考中，语篇填空第一节或第二节常考并列连词，单词不需要变形，只需根据上下文逻辑填写原形。
考点 例句
并列 连词 (2026·67) I like studying languages，especially Chinese 3.____German. I practice them every day.
(2025·63) He was especially good at it 4._____ developed his special painting skills.
(2024·63)The boy was the only one who sold oily products in the market 5._____ the man’s coin was the only one that created an oil bloom in the basin.
and
and
and
模拟演练·提能力
一、完形填空
主题：人与社会——良好的人际关系　　　　　　情境：亲身示范礼仪
　　One morning，there was a loud knock at John Swift’s door. The servant (仆人) opened the door，and a man outside handed her a fine duck that had just been 　1　. “A present for Mr. Swift，” he said. “It’s from Mr. Boyle.” Then，without another 　2　，he turned and walked away.
(　　)1.A.caught　　 B.found　 C.killed　　　D.bought
(　　)2.A.excuse　　 B.word　　　C.chance　　 D.question
C
B
Mr. Boyle was a 　3　 fan of John Swift. He took pleasure in sending him presents of fruits，　4　 this gift of a dead bird was quite unusual.
A few days later，the man came again. This time，he brought a goose.“Here’s another bird from Mr. Boyle.” he said rudely (粗鲁地) ，　5　 it to the servant before she was ready to catch it.
(　　)3.A.great　　　 B.sick　　　 C.young　　 D.smart
(　　)4.A.but　　　　B.or　　　 C.and　　　 D.so
(　　)5.A.throwing　 B.returning　 C.showing　　 D.telling
A
A
A
Feeling upset，the servant later 　6　 to Mr. Swift，“Sir，that man is too 　7　.”
“Next time he comes，”said Mr. Swift，“let me know，and I’ll go to the door in 　8　 to speak with him.”
Not long after，the man 　9　 with another present—a rabbit. Mr. Swift went to the door.
(　　)6.A.shouted　　 B.showed　　C.turned　　 D.lied
(　　)7.A.excited　　 B.bored　　 C.impolite　　 D.patient
(　　)8.A.surprise　　B.person　　 C.secret　　 D.danger
(　　)9.A.called up　 B.stood up　　 C.warmed up　 D.showed up
C
C
B
D
“See here，” said Mr. Swift in a 　10　 voice，“that’s not the way to give a message or a gift here. Step forward and imagine you’re Mr. Swift. I’ll go out and give a present 　11　. I’ll show you how a messenger should behave.”
(　　)10.A.funny　 B.strange　　 C.serious　　 D.happy
(　　)11.A.back　　 B.properly　　　C.aside　　 D.away
C
B
The man 　12　. Mr. Swift took the present and went out of the house. Then he softly knocked at the door. The man opened the door. Mr. Swift politely took a bow (鞠躬). Then he held out a rabbit with a small 　13　 and said，“If you please，sir. Mr. Boyle would like you to 　14　 this fine rabbit.”
The man suddenly felt 　15　 for what he had done. After that，he became very polite whenever he came to give presents.
(　　)12.A.agreed　　 B.laughed　　　 C.left　　　 D.stopped
(　　)13.A.note　　　 B.reason　　　　 C.dream　　　　 D.smile
(　　)14.A.play　　　 B.sell　　　　　 C.accept　　　 D.feed
(　　)15.A.proud　　 B.sorry　　　　 C.tired　　　　 D.glad
A
D
C
B
二、语篇填空
　　第一节　　　
主题： 人与社会——文化传承 　情境：中国传统非遗根雕艺术
tool　protect　as　final　look　easy　and　use　shape　nature
　　As a traditional Chinese art form，root carving (根雕) uses tree roots to make wonderful works，such as famous characters，animals and plants. This special form mixes the 1.________ beauty of roots with the creative ideas of artists.
natural
It’s not 2.______ to make root carving，because each step needs a high level of skill and attention. First，choose the right root，which is the key to making wonderful works. Artists often spend much time 3._______ for suitable roots. After finding the root，they start to clear the dirt and prepare for carving. Next，design the piece. Artists need to study the root’s 4.______ and think about how to change it. Then，they will use many 5._____，such as different knives and axes，to make the root lively. 6._______，polish (抛光) and finish the piece.
easy
tool　protect　as　final　look　easy　and　use　shape　nature
looking
shape
tools
Finally
Thousands of years ago，root carving was first 7._____ to decorate gardens of the rich. During the Ming and Qing dynasties，it spread from the rich to common people 8._____ became popular as a special art form. As an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产)，the government and museums use different ways to 9._______ it，so it’s developing well today. Although root carving uses only tree roots 10.____ materials，it shows China’s special cultural and artistic values. Let’s take a moment to admire the beauty of this art！
used
and
protect
as
tool　protect　as　final　look　easy　and　use　shape　nature
第二节　　　
主题： 人与自我——自我管理，自我提升　　情境：校园学习生活
The golden sun rises in the East，
Bringing a day for a boy at least.
I read and write at 11._______ same time，
While the school bells begin to chime (响).
I study hard 12._____ that I grow fast，
Learning all things that I need to know.
Though the road is long and the sun is hot，
I’m ready 13.______ give my best shot.
In my classroom，where the dreams are bright，
There 14._____ a clock and many books in sight.
15.________ the morning light to the evening star，
I’ll follow my dreams，wherever they are！
the
so
to
is
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