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专题十 主从复合句
图解语法·学规律
主从复合句
宾语从句
(5年1考)
连接词
语序
时态
1.that：本身无意义，一般情况下可省略。
2.if/whether：意为“是否”，不可省略。
3.连接代词what/which/who/whose/whom：在从句中充当句子成分，不可省略。
4.连接副词when/where/why/how：在从句中作状语，不可省略。
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序
1.主句是现在时，从句可用任何时态，由实际情况而定。
2.主句是过去时，从句通常也用相应的过去时。
3.当从句是客观真理或事实时，只能用一般现在时。
主从复合句
状语从句和
从属连词
(5年5考)
定语从句
(5年3考)
时间状语从句：when(2025·41，2024·54)，while，as，before，after，until/till，since，as soon as，once
地点状语从句：where，wherever，eveywhere，anywhere
原因状语从句：because(2026·65)，since，as
条件状语从句：f，unless，so/as long as(2025·66)
让步状语从句：although，though，even though，even if
目的状语从句：so that，in order that
结果状语从句：so...that，such...that
方式状语从句：as，asif，as though
关系代词that(2024·69)：指物或指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。
关系代词which(2024·69)：指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。
关系代词who：指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。
考点一　宾语从句(5年1考)
语境体悟
完成句子
1.—Do you know _____ the police officer saved？
—Yes. He saved Amy.
2.—Li Ming，could you tell me _____ we will go to the bookstore？
—At ten tomorrow morning.
3.(2026·扬州)People in other countries can better understand ______ life here is like through these photos.
4.If you wonder ___________ H2O2 can produce O2，just go to the lab to find it out by yourself.
语境语法·练运用
who
when
what
whether/if
从括号内选择正确答案完成句子
5.My father told me that he ___________ (bought/would buy) a new car the next week.
6.I don’t know _________ (whether/if) to accept this invitation.
7.I ______ think he ______ (don’t…will /不填…won’t) come to the party tonight.
8.The teacher asked me _________________ (what was the matter /what the matter was).
would buy
whether
don’t
will
what was the matter
用法总结
一、宾语从句含义和结构
　　复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 结构：主句 ＋ 连接词 ＋ 陈述语序从句。宾语从句三大核心要素：连接词、语序和时态。
二、宾语从句连接词
连接词 用法 例句
that 陈述句变从句，无词义，不作成分，常省略 He said (that) he could finish his work before supper.他说他能在晚饭前完成工作。
if/whether 只能用whether不能用if的情况： 1.后接or not 2.与动词不定式连用时 3.介词之后 一般疑问句变从句，表“是否”，不作成分，不能省略 She asked if/whether I wanted a drink.
她问我要不要喝一杯。
连接词 用法 例句
连接代词(what/which/who/whose/whom) 在句中作主语、宾语、定语等 She was never satisfied with what she had achieved.她从不满足于她所取得的成绩。
连接副词(when/where/how/why) 在句中作 状语 He didn’t tell us where we would see the dolphin show.他没告诉我们在哪里看海豚表演。
三、宾语从句语序
　　宾语从句一律使用陈述语序，结构：连接词 ＋ 从句主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 其他
Can you swim？ → She asked me whether I could swim.
【注意】当连接词本身就是宾语从句的主语时，语序不变。
What’s the matter.../What’s wrong...？/ What happened？在宾语从句中，语序不变
I want to know what is the matter.我想知道怎么了。
I don’t know who will come tonight.我不知道今晚谁会来。
四、宾语从句时态 记忆口诀：主现从任意，主过从过去，真理永一现
主句时态 从句时态 例句
现在时态 根据实际情况而定 I don’t know when she will come back.我不知道她什么时候会回来。
过去时态 对应过去相关时态 She told me that she was going to Beijing next week.她告诉我她下周将去北京。
任意时态 一般现在时(说明客观事实、真理或自然现象等) My geography teacher told me that the earth goes around the sun.我的地理老师告诉我地球围着太阳转。
宾语从句可转换为“疑问词＋to do”结构。如：
I don’t know how I can get to the movie theater.
＝I don’t know how to get to the movie theater.
我不知道如何到达电影院。
宾语从句的否定转移条件：①主句主语为第一人称 I/we；②主句时态为一般现在时；③主句谓语是think，believe，guess，expect，suppose，imagine等时，从句否定含义要转移到主句，从句谓语用肯定形式。
I think he will help us.我认为他会帮助我们。
→I don’t think he will help us.我认为他不会帮助我们。
知识拓展
方法好
考点二　状语从句和从属连词(5年5考)
语境体悟
完成句子
9.The boy ran ____ fast _____ nobody could catch him.
10.Please do the experiment ___ the teacher told you.
11.It was ______ a pleasant trip _____ I would never forget it.
12.___ you keep working hard，you will succeed in achieving your dream.
13.(2026·天津) John feels awful. He should stay in bed _____ he feels better.
14.Josh thought for a while，and finally put his pocket money back ______ it was.
15.__________ painting takes time，it teaches us to notice the beauty around us.
so
that
as
such
that
If
until
where
Although
方框选词
since　 so that　 as long as　 when　 unless　 because
16.She likes to draw beautiful views _______ her family go on holiday.
17.(2026·扬州) Great changes have taken place _______ I moved here 20 years ago.
18.(2026·江西) We cannot win the game ______ everyone in our team pulls together.
19.My parents often take me to visit museums ________ I can learn more about history and art.
20.Many young people return to their hometown ________ they want to stay with their families and build their hometown.
21.Traditional Chinese culture can be seen by the world __________ we find the right way to present it.
when
since
unless
so that
because
as long as
用法总结
状语从句
　　状语从句是由从属连词引导，在复合句中作状语，修饰主句谓语、形容词，说明时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、地点、方式等。
一、时间状语从句及其从属连词
1.when，while与as的用法 时间状语从句遵循 “主将从现”
从属连词 用法 例句
when (2025·41) “当……时”，可接短暂或延续动词 When we got to the mountain top，it was raining
hard.当我们到达山顶时，雨下得很大。
从句进行时常用 when The doorbell rang when I was telephoning.我打电话时门铃响了。
从属连词 用法 例句
while while也可用于连接两个并列的句子，表示对比关系。 “在……期间”，从句的谓语动词通常只接延续性动词 Judy ran to the garden while her parents were hiding the Easter eggs.当Judy的父母在藏复活节彩蛋时，Judy跑进了花园。
当主句和从句的时态都是进行时的时候，用while连接 Zhu Hui was watching the dragon boat races on TV while his mother was making zongzi in the kitchen.当朱辉正在电视上看赛龙舟时，他的妈妈正在厨房包粽子。
as “随着；一边……一边……”，侧重两个动作同时发生 As the sun rose，the fog slowly disappeared.当太阳升起时，雾慢慢散去了。
2.before与after的用法
从属连词 用法 例句
before “在……以前”，主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前 Did she leave a message before she left？她走之前留言了吗？
after “在……以后”，主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后 I’ll call you after I talk to them.我和他们谈了以后就给你打电话。
3.until/till的用法
从属连词 用法 例句
until “直到”，可用于句首，not…until…，表示“直到……才……” Until you told me，I knew it.直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。
Sam didn’t leave until he came back.直到他回来Sam才离开。　否定形式：leave为短暂性动词
till “直到”，不用于句首，常与until互换 We stayed there till/until it stopped raining.我们待在那里直到雨停。　肯定形式：stay为延续性动词
4.since的用法
从属连词 用法 例句
since “自从……”，从句常用一般过去时，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时 It’s five years since I began to study English.我学习英语已经五年了。
5.as soon as和once的用法
从属连词 用法 例句
as soon as “一……就……”，表示两个动作在时间上的紧密衔接 I’ll give her the gift as soon as she comes back.
她一回来我就把礼物给她。　
It began to stop raining as soon as I got to
school.我一到学校雨就开始停了。　
once “一旦……就……”，强调某个动作或事件一旦发生，就会引起另一个动作或事件 Once you start，you will never give up.一旦你
开始了，你就不会放弃。
时态遵循主将从现
时态遵循主过从过
二、地点状语从句及其从属连词
从属连词 用法 例句
where “在……的地方”，表示主句的动作发生的场所，后接陈述语序 A driver should slow down where there are schools.在有学校的地方，司机应缓慢通行。
三、原因状语从句及其从属连词
从属连词 用法 例句
because (2026·65) 不能和so连用 语气最强，表示直接原因，常用来回答why引出的提问 She was late for school because she missed the bus.她上学迟到了，因为她错过了公交。
since “既然”，语气中等，表示对方已知的客观事实 Since you don’t understand，I will explain again.既然你不懂，我会再解释一遍。
as “由于；鉴于”，语气最弱，表示附带说明的轻微原因，口语化表达 As you are tired，you’d better rest.由于你累了，你最好休息一下。
四、条件状语从句及其从属连词
从属连词 用法 例句
if “如果”，时态遵循主将从现，主情从现，主祈从现原则 If you think about his words carefully，you’ll find he’s right.如果你仔细思考他的话，你会发现他是对的。
unless “除非；如果不”，有时与 if…not 等同，时态和if用法一致 You’ll fail the exam unless you work hard.＝If you don’t work hard，you’ll fail the exam.如果你不好好学习，你考试将不及格。
so/as long as (2025·66) “只要”，时态遵循主将从现，主情从现，主祈从现原则 As long as you plan well and work hard，your resolution will come true.只要你计划好并努力工作，你的决心就会实现。
五、让步状语从句及其从属连词
从属连词 用法 例句
although/though 不能和but连用 “虽然” Although/Though there are differences，most resolutions have one thing in common.虽然有不同之处，但大多数决心都有一个共同点。
even though/ even if “尽管；即使” I went to my favourite cafe even though/if it was two blocks away from my office.我去了我最喜欢的咖啡馆，尽管它离我的办公室两个街区远。
六、目的状语从句及其从属连词
从属连词 用法 例句
so that/in order that “为了；以便”，so that只能用于句中，in order that可用于句首或句中，从句常含有can，could，would，may 等情态动词 Children walk around the neighborhood so that/in order that they can ask for more candies.孩子们在附近走来走去，以便他们能要到更多的糖果。
可以和“in order to ＋动词原形”结构互换
In order that Tom won’t feel lonely，his mother keeps a dog for him.为了不让Tom感到孤独，他妈妈为他养了一只狗。
七、结果状语从句及其从属连词
从属连词 用法 例句
so…that so 与 such 区别口诀：so 形副，such 名。 “如此……以至于……” so＋adj./adv.＋that从句 so＋adj.＋a/an＋名词单数＋that从句 当名词前有many，much，few，little等修饰时，用so Hou Yi was so sad that he called out his wife’s name to the moon every night.后羿很伤心，每天晚上都对着月亮喊他妻子的名字。
He walked so fast that we couldn’t keep up with him.　
such…that “如此……以至于……” such＋a/an＋adj.＋名词单数＋that从句 such＋adj.＋名词复数/不可数名词＋that从句 It’s such a pleasant trip that I will never forget it.这是一次如此愉快的旅行，以至于我永远不会忘记。
从句是否定句，可与“too... to”结构互换
八、方式状语从句及其从属连词
从属连词 用法 例句
as “照……的方式；像……一样”，通常用于主句之后 (2022·43)And she also had to prepare meals for the whole family as her mum did before.她也不得不像妈妈以前一样为全家做饭。
as if/though “似乎，好像” He stood at the school gate as if/though (he was)waiting for someone.他站在学校门口，好像在等人。
考点三　定语从句(5年3考)
语境体悟
完成句子
22.The factory in _______ my father worked was closed last year.
23.The most important thing __________ you should do is to be honest.
24.We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools __________ we had visited.
25.A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
26.I really love the after－school activities ___________ make our school life more colourful.
27.He is the only student ______ can work out this difficult math problem.
which
that/不填
that/不填
who/that
that/which
that
用法总结
一、定语从句的含义和结构
　　定义：修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；被修饰的词叫先行词；连接词叫关系词。
二、关系代词的用法
关系代词 用法 例句
that 先行词是人或者物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略 (2024·69) It is an interesting story that teaches us to work together and share.(作主语)它是一个教会我们合作与分享的有趣故事。
Everything (that) you learn becomes a part of you and changes you.(作宾语)你学到的每一件事都会成为你的一部分并改变你。
关系代词 用法 例句
which 先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略 The book which is on the table is mine.(作主语)
桌子上的书是我的。
The story (which) he told was very funny.(作宾语)
他讲的故事真有趣。
who 先行词是人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语 I have a friend who prefers listening to pop music.
(作主语)我有个喜欢听流行音乐的朋友。
She is the girl who I saw yesterday.(作宾语)
她是昨天我见过的那个女孩儿。
关系代词只能用that不能用which 的情况：
先行词是all，something，anything，few，none，little，some，much等不定代词，或是前有all，every，no等修饰词时。如： Is there anything that I can do for you？ 有什么需要我帮忙的吗？
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：
She is the first student that gets full marks.她是第一个得满分的学生。
Mark is the funniest boy that I have seen.Mark是我见过的最有趣的男孩。
先行词被the only，the very，the last，the same等修饰时。如： She’s the only girl that has finished reading this book.她是唯一读完这本书的女孩儿。
先行词既有人又有物时。如： The writer and his book that you told me just now attract me.你刚刚告诉我的那个作家和他的书都很吸引我。
知识拓展
方法好
微专题九　主从复合句考法和解题技巧
考向1　宾语从句连接词(2023·56)
对接中考·明方向
高频考法 例句
介词后的 宾语从句 (2023·56)Do you remember we once talked about 1.______ jobs and careers (职业) we might do in the future？
what
考向2　状语从句从属连词(2026·65)(2025·66)(2022·62)
高频考法 例句
原因状语 从句 (2026·65)All these forms of green energy will hardly run out 2.________ they come from nature.
条件状语 从句 (2025·66) As long 3.___ you avoid the fishing reel (代指
鱼钩).
(2022·62)The colors will remain on the children’s hands 4.___ they don’t spend enough time washing them off.
because
as
if
考向3　定语从句关系词(2024·69)(2023·69)
高频考法 例句
作主语 (2024·69) It is an interesting story 5.__________ teaches us to work together and share.
(2023·69) This museum is very interesting to the visitors 6.________ are interested in the nation’s written history.
that/which
who/that
模拟演练·提能力
语篇填空
第一节　　　
主题：人与社会——人类发明与创新 　　　　情境：AI环保智能垃圾桶
we　habit　into　where　help　easy　make　different　wrong　slow
　　Nowadays，as modern technology develops rapidly，eco－friendly (环保的) AI smart waste bins are becoming common in many cities. They are a great invention to 1.______ us sort rubbish.
help
These smart bins use tiny electronic machines to “see” different kinds of waste clearly. They can tell people 2._______ to put different rubbish. For example，when people throw waste in the 3.________ place，the bins will send out a warning message to remind them right away.
The bins also connect to the Internet. Workers can know when the bins are full. Then they can come and clean them in time. It 4._______ our cities much cleaner and tidier.
we　habit　into　where　help　easy　make　different　wrong　slow
where
wrong
makes
Students can also learn a lot from these bins. They can form good 5.________ of sorting waste in daily life，which will spread from one to another. 6.________，more citizens will care about nature and create a greener world.
Some high-tech (高科技) smart bins can even recycle waste and turn it 7._____ something useful. By doing this，this creative new technology really helps 8.____ a lot. It makes rubbish sorting 9.______ than before.
We should make good use of this smart technology. Small changes in our life can make a huge 10.__________ to our earth. Let’s protect the environment around us.
we　habit　into　where　help　easy　make　different　wrong　slow
habits
Slowly
into
us
easier
difference
第二节
主题：人与自我——恰当的学习方法和策略　　情境：提升记忆力的学习技巧
　　You may find it hard to remember what you have learned in class. In fact，it is quite common 11._____ forget things. Here is some advice.
You can use songs to help you.
Pick a song 12._________ interests
you. Change what you need to remember
into its lyrics. Then you can memorize them
as you sing. It is relaxing and easy.
to
that/which
　　A mind map helps you organize information in a visual (视觉的) way. We need several steps to create 13.____ mind map. First，write the main idea in the center. For example，write “festivals” in the center. Then，write other key ideas around the main idea like “the Mid-Autumn Festival” and “the Spring Festival”. Next，write more words 14.________the key ideas like “date”，“food” and “activities”. Now，look at the mind map. It’s very helpful，right？
No one can remember everything，but everybody can learn 15.______ to improve their memory. Follow the tips，and you will
a
about
how

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