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专题八 构词法
图解语法·学规律
构词法
合成法
合成名词：birthday生日，sunshine阳光，toothbrush牙刷，spaceship宇宙飞船，handwriting书写，seaside海边，grown-
up成年人
合成形容词：handmade手工制作的，worldwide世界各地的，heartbroken心碎的，wellknown出名的，two-year-old两岁的，part-time兼职的，first-class一流的
合成动词：overcome克服，underline在……下画线，download下载
合成副词：anyhow无论如何，however然而，forever永远，downstairs在楼下
合成代词：someone某人，nothing没有什么，herself她自己
合成介词：without没有，outside外面，into进入，throughout自始至终
合成数词：fifty-six五十六
构词法
派生法
(5年3考)
前缀
后缀
表否定(un-，im-，in-，dis-)：unhappy，impolite，incorrect，dislike
表错误(mis-)：misunderstand，mistake
表重复(re-)：retell，review
名词后缀(- er，-or，-ess，-(t)ion，-sion，-ness，-ist，
-ment，-ity，-ship，-hood，-ing，-ese)：foreigner，inventor，actress，invention，decision，sadness，artist，agreement，ability，friendship，childhood，building，Chinese
形容词后缀(-ful，-able，-en，-y，-ly，-less，-al，
-ing，-ed)：useful，enjoyable，wooden，cloudy，
lovely，careless，national，exciting，excited
副词后缀(-ly)：happily，widely
动词后缀(-en，-ize，-ify)：shorten，realize，simplify
构词法
转化法
缩写和简写
名→动：water浇水，hand传递，color染色，book预订
形→动：clear清理，correct纠正
动→名：look外表，help帮助，walk散步，talk谈话
星期：Mon.Tue.Wed.Thur.Fri.Sat.Sun.
月份：Jan.Feb.Mar.Apr.May Jun.Jul.Aug.Sept.Oct.Nov.Dec.
序数词：1st，2nd，3rd，4th，20th，21st，67th
国家、组织：CPC中国共产党，PLA中国人民解放军，PRC中华人民共和国
其他常见缩写：ad广告，BBQ烧烤，DIY自己动手
考点一　合成法
语境体悟
根据汉语提示完成句子
1.She has a _____________ (五岁的) daughter. The girl is very cute.
2.________ (无论谁) wants to watch the movie can go with us tonight.
3.He ate too much ice cream yesterday，so he has a _____________ (胃痛) today.
语境语法·练运用
five-year-old
Whoever
stomachache
4.All I experienced helped me grow into an ______________ (思想开明的) and brave person.
5.Our ___________ (手工制作的) bookmarks were sold out within half an hour at the charity sale.
6.Hey，Nick！ Breaking news！ We will have a __________ (三天的) spring break around the Qingming Festival.
7.She put her keys ___________ (某处) in her bag，but she couldn’t find them.
open-minded
handmade
three-day
somewhere
用法总结
　　由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法
合成名词
名词＋名词→名词　 house＋work→housework 家务劳动
形容词＋名词→名词　 black＋board→blackboard 黑板
介词＋名词→名词　 under＋ground→underground 地铁
合成形容词
名词＋过去分词→形容词　 hand＋made→ handmade 手工制作的
形容词＋名词＋ed→形容词　 kind＋heart＋ed→kind－hearted 好心的
介词＋名词→形容词　 out＋door→outdoor 户外的
数词＋名词(＋形容词)→形容词 ten-year-old 十岁的，three-day 三天的
合成动词
介词＋名词→动词　underline在……下画线
介词＋动词→动词　overcome 克服
名词＋动词→动词　handwrite手写
副词＋动词→动词　upset使心烦
合成副词
疑问词 ＋ ever　however 然而；无论多么……
不定代词 ＋副词　anyhow无论如何
合成代词
some/any/no/every ＋ one/body/thing　someone 某人
疑问词 ＋ ever　whatever 无论什么
合成介词
介词＋名词→介词　in＋side→inside 在……里面
考点二　派生法(5年3考)
语境体悟
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
8.He failed the exam because he was too _________ (care).
9.The film is very boring and it makes me ________ (sleep).
10.Thank you for your ___________ (suggest). I will think about them carefully.
11.The man is such a talented _________ (music) that he can play many instruments.
careless
sleepy
suggestions
musician
12.We watched an ___________ (interest) movie about animals in the forest.
13.The children were playing in the park，and ___________ (sudden) it began to snow.
14.Calm communication means speaking clearly and calmly，listening ________ (careful) and choosing kind words.
interesting
suddenly
carefully
方框选词
develop　tour　humour　possible　colour　reuse
15.Some of the waste is ________，so don’t throw it away.
16.A hobby can help build up your confidence and make your life _________.
17.The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “___________”.
18.She has a(n) __________ way of speaking，so everyone likes chatting with her.
19.Our company has been paying attention to the ____________ of the new product this year.
20.Many _________ from all over the world come to Yunnan to join the Water Festival every April.
reusable
colourful
impossible
humourous
development
tourists
用法总结
前缀(一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性)
表否定： un-/im-/in-/dis-　happy→unhappy　 possible→impossible　 direct→ indirect　 agree→disagree
表错误： mis-　　 understand→misunderstand
表重复： re-　　 use→reuse
后缀(多改变词性而不改变词义)
名词后缀：-er/-or/-ess/-ness/-ment/-ist/-ity/-(t)ion/-sion/-(i)an/-ure/-age/-th
write→writer 　　invent→inventor　 　　act→actress/actor　　kind→kindness 　 develop→development art→artist
possible→possibility invent→invention/inventor decide→decision
library→librarian fail→failure use→usage warm→warmth
形容词后缀： -ful/-able/-en/-y/-ly/-less/-al/-ing/-ed/-ese/-ous/-tive
care→careful comfort→comfortable wood→wooden
health→healthy love→lovely care→careless
tradition→traditional relax→relaxing relax→relaxed
China→Chinese danger→dangerous effect→effective
动词后缀： -ify/fy beauty→beautify -izesocial→socialize
-enshort→shorten
副词后缀： -ly quick→quickly
ward(s)forward→forwards
考点三　转化法
语境体悟
方框选词
lift　light　own　name　last　book　look
21.Please turn off the ______ when you leave a room.
22.The film is based on a novel _______ The last day by Karen Smith.
23.A good life doesn’t come from what we _____. It comes from how we live.
24.Can I have a(n) _____ at your new watch？ It looks so cool and I want to buy one like that.
lights
named
own
look
lift　light　own　name　last　book　look
25.(2026·天津) You mustn’t use the _______ when there is a fire in the building. That’s dangerous！
26.My new smartphone is lighter than my old one，but the battery (电池) _____ longer.
27.We should _____ tickets as early as possible if we want to get a good seat for the concert.
lift
lasts
book
用法总结
一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类，这种构词法叫作转化法。
名词→动词　 water 水→water 浇水　 land 陆地→land着陆
形容词→动词　 tidy整洁的→tidy 使整洁　
形容词→名词　 light 明亮的→light 灯
动词→名词　 stop 停止→stop 车站
微专题七　构词法考法和解题技巧
考向　派生词后缀(2026·57)(2023·64) (2022·63)
　　构词法主要在语篇填空第一节中考查，5年3考，均考查派生词中的后缀，其中形容词加后缀－ly变副词的用法5年2考，另一处是形容词后缀－ful的考查。
对接中考·明方向
高频考点 例句
派生词 (2026·57) For example，wind energy is 1.________ (wide) used. We can see tall wind turbines on grasslands，mountains and even on the sea.
(2023·64) Then again，I’d also love to be a racing driver.That’s a very interesting field too！ When I’ve 2.________ (final) made my choice，I’ll let you know！
(2022·63) The colors will remain on the children’s hands if they don’t spend enough time washing them off. It is very 3.________ (help) for a teacher in a classroom.
widely
finally
helpful
模拟演练·提能力
语篇填空
A(2026·陕西改编)
主题：人与社会——科学技术与工程　　　情境：中国铁路的百年跨越
show　national　achieve　true　good　place　and　you　build　into
　　Have you ever travelled by train？ Do you like the feeling of a railway journey？ Do you want to see how historic things tell the story and legend (传奇) of China’s railway development？ If 1._______ answer is “Yes” to our questions，the Zhengyangmen Exhibition (展览) Hall of the China Railway Museum is a good 2._______ for you to visit. It stands to the southeast of Tian’anmen Square.
your
place
Our hall was 3._____ from a century－old railway station. Over 100 years ago，it was the starting point of the Beijing－Fengtian Railway. Today，a century later，it has been turned 4.______ an exhibition hall of the museum. It 5._______ the world the great railway development of China. Here in this hall，you can learn how Mr. Zhan Tianyou (1861—1919)—our 6.________ railway pioneer—realized his railroad dream in those hard times. More importantly，you will see how today’s railway engineers put Zhan’s wisdom (智慧) together with new ideas and technology to make high－speed rail much 7.______.
show　national　achieve　true　good　place　and　you　build　into
built
into
shows
national
better
After the visit，many people have expressed that they 8._______ felt they were travelling on the “train through time”. They say that exhibits as well as the way they’re organized “really bridge the time 9._____ space”，and that they “have read a century－old story of China’s railway progress”. Seeing is believing！ We are here waiting for you to see the changes and 10._____________ of China’s railway during a period of a century！
show　national　achieve　true　good　place　and　you　build　into
truly
and
achievements
B
主题：人与社会——优秀的艺术家及其艺术成就　　　　
情境：郑板桥借竹明志
look　love　stand　great　idea　for　sell　they　successful　so
　　Zheng Xie，also known as Zheng Banqiao，was one of the most famous painters in ancient China. He was known 11._____ his skill at painting bamboo. He once wrote，“All the people in this world grow flowers，but I will plant bamboo only.” This shows his deep 12._____ for bamboo.
for
love
Zheng created many bamboo paintings. One of 13.______ is “Bamboo and Stone”. Thin but strong bamboo grows on a cliff (悬崖)，standing bravely against strong winds. The different shapes of bamboo in Zheng’s paintings 14.______ for the good qualities of human beings. They also show what kind of person Zheng was—he didn’t give in and always challenged the traditional 15.______.
look　love　stand　great　idea　for　sell　they　successful　so
them
stand
ideas
Zheng passed the imperial competitive examination (科举考试) 16.____________. Later，he worked as a government official (官员) for years and won a lot of people’s respect. But he didn’t want to follow the bad ways of the official circle，17._____ he left his job. Then he made a living by 18.________ his paintings. At that time，what Zheng did was hard for people to understand and he was 19._________ down on by them. But he kept his love by staying away from the official life.
Zheng was called “one of the 20._________ people in China in the past three hundred years”. His spirit and life story will continue to pass down with his great paintings and poems，influencing all Chinese people.
look　love　stand　great　idea　for　sell　they　successful　so
successfully
so
selling
looked
greatest

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