资源简介

(共31张PPT)
主题九　灾害防范
主题词汇串记
灾害与险情 Disasters & Emergencies 1.storm暴风雨
2.snowstorm暴风雪
3.flood洪水
4.earthquake地震
5.fire火灾
6.accident事故
7.disease疾病
灾害与险情 Disasters & Emergencies 8.bleed流血
9.burn烧伤；燃烧
10.wound伤口；使受伤
11.dead死亡的
12.risk风险
13.cause damage造成损失
14.get injured受伤
个人防范与避险行动 Personal Protection & Risk Avoidance 15.avoid避免
16.careful小心的
17.careless粗心的
18.hide躲藏
19.check检查；核实
20.stay away from远离
个人防范与避险行动 Personal Protection & Risk Avoidance 21.keep calm保持冷静
22.call for help呼救
23.protect... from... 保护……免受……
24.turn off power切断电源
25.cover mouth and nose捂住口鼻
26.follow safety rules遵守安全规则
公共管理与防灾举措 Public Management & Disaster Prevention Measures 27.control管控
28.prepare筹备
29.notice公告
30.carry out rescue work开展救援
工作
31.give first aid进行急救
32.send sb.to hospital送某人就医
33.search for survivors搜救幸存者
34.provide medical care提供医疗救治
公共管理与防灾举措 Public Management & Disaster Prevention Measures 35.take measures to prevent disasters采取防灾措施
36.build flood control projects修建防洪工程
37.send out early warnings发布预警
38.carry out safety education开展安全教育
39.set up temporary shelters设立临时避难所
40.reduce disaster losses降低灾害损失
一、阅读理解
主题：人与自然——自然灾害与防范措施　情境：防患于未“燃”
主题语篇专练
　　There are many forest fires each year.Forest fires happen not only in the United States and South America but also in many other parts of the world，such as Europe and Australia.In the United States，about 4.3 million acres (英亩) of forest burn each year.That is
about the size of four Rhode Islands.
In order to avoid forest fires，it’s necessary to know more about how forest fires start.In fact，they start in different ways.
Sometimes people start forest fires by mistake.A person who lives near a forest may burn something，such as leaves or grass.▲ For example，a burning leaf could spread the fire to one of the trees in the forest.The tree catches on fire，and then the tree next to that one catches on fire.The fire spreads，and soon there is a forest fire.
Campfires (篝火) also cause forest fires.People often make a campfire when they go camping in the forest.They cook their food on the campfire.Sometimes people go away when their campfire is still smoldering (阴燃).Wind can blow the campfire onto a nearby tree，and the tree can catch on fire.Small twigs (细枝) on the forest floor might start burning.The fire can spread to some bushes (灌木)，and these bushes can catch on fire too.That is why it is important to put out all campfires.
ing a storm，lightning may hit trees.Sometimes a tree catches on fire，and then a forest fire begins.
Since forest fires are hard to put out，it is important for everyone to learn how to prevent them after understanding how they start.
(　　)1.Why is the number “4.3 million acres”compared to “four Rhode Islands”？
A.To show how serious forest fires are.
B.To explain how big the United States is.
C.To compare forest fire problems in different states.
D.To explain why Rhode Island is famous in America.
A
(　　)2. Which is the best sentence to fill in the ▲？
A.Dry leaves and grass can catch on fire easily in hot weather.
B.The fire from burning leaves can grow larger in a short time.
C.A small piece of burning material might be blown into the forest.
D.Many people don’t realize that burning leaves is against the rules.
C
(　　)3.　 　 What is the main focus of Paragraph 4？
A.The importance of putting out campfires.
B.The steps of a campfire causing a forest fire.
C.How people should use campfires safely when camping.
D.The difference between campfires and other causes of forest fires.
B
(　　)4.　 　Which of the following shows the structure of the text？(①＝ Paragraph 1，...)
A B C D
D
阅读理解妙招17　逐段分析法——适用于文本结构类设问
厘清段落大意 分析段落结构关系 结合文章体裁特点 对比选项得答案
第4题解题步骤：
1.厘清段落大意：第1段：森林火灾在全球多发；第2段：要避免森林火灾，有必要了解其起因；第3段：人为失误引发火灾；第4段：________引发火灾；第5段：闪电引发火灾；第6段：总结并呼吁预防；
2.分析段落结构关系：第1段是背景与数据引入(现象)；第2段为总起(多种起因)；第3、4、5段是分述三种起火方式，呈________关系；第6段是总结与呼吁；
3.结合文章体裁特点：本文属于说明文，采用“现象引入—原因分类—总结建议”的典型结构，即为“总—分—_______”模式；
4.______选项准确对应本文的结构关系，故选______。
方法好
篝火
并列
总
D
D
(　　)5.　 　 What is the writer most probably going to discuss next？
A.Helpful methods to prevent forest fires in life.
B.The importance of learning more about the causes.
C.The reasons why forest fires are difficult to control.
D.The positive effects of forest fires on the environment.
A
二、补全对话(2026·呼和浩特一模改编)
　　(After a disaster drill (演练)，a reporter interviewed John.)
A：Good afternoon，John.Thanks for chatting with me.Could you tell me about a time you went through a disaster？
B：1.________________________.Last summer，a huge rainstorm hit my city.
A：2._____________________________________________________
_________________？
Of course/ Sure/ Certainly/...
What was it like during the storm/ What did you see and hear
during the storm/...
B：I could hear strong winds beating against the windows，and the rain was pouring down hard.
A：Did you have to leave your home？
B：No，we stayed inside.But some of my neighbours had to move to higher ground because their houses were flooded.
A：3._____________________________________________________
_______________？
B：To be honest，I was pretty sad.After the rainstorm，I saw fallen trees everywhere，and workers were busy clearing up the mess.
How did you feel about all that/ How did you feel when you saw all the damage/...
A：4.____________________________________________________.
That’s really terrible！
B：Yes.But people helped each other.
A：Did you help out？
B：Of course.I helped clean the streets with my family.It felt great to do something meaningful.
That must have been hard for everyone/ That sounds awful/...
A：What do you think you’ll remember most about this experience？
B：5.______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.I’ll never forget how everyone came together.
This disaster brought people a lot closer/ It made me realise how important community is/ The experience taught me to value the people around me/...
Task 1-语篇填空
主题：人与自然——人身安全与自我保护　情境：掌握三招，地震不慌
with 　 so 　great　 easy　 prepare　
happen　 stay 　home 　they　 building　
You feel the ground suddenly shake，and nearby objects are shaking.A dangerous event is 1.___________—an earthquake.
happening
An earthquake is caused by the movement of parts of the Earth’s outermost layer (最外层).Earthquakes happen millions of times a year，but most are so small that people don’t even feel 2._______.
But some earthquakes can be very strong.Powerful earthquakes can cause 3._____ damage.Most damage and deaths happen in places where
a lot of people live because the shaking causes windows to break，4._________ to fall and fire to break out.
Earthquakes can happen anytime or anywhere，5.___ it’s important to prepare for them.
them
great
buildings
so
Talk with your family about some safe places to hide in your 6._______.If an earthquake happens，try to get to a safe place fast.Remember three things during an earthquake：drop，cover，and hold on.
Drop：Get down on your hands and knees and crawl (爬行) to your shelter.
Cover：Stay under a sturdy table，desk，or bed，and cover your head and neck 7.______ your arms.Don’t stand under a doorway— it can 8._______ fall.
home
with
easily
Hold on：If you’re under a piece of furniture (家具)，hold on with one hand and move with the furniture if it starts moving.9.______ where you are until the building stops shaking.
Once the earthquake ends，check for injuries (伤势).Be 10.__________ for any aftershocks.And remember that you should always look on the bright side.
Stay
prepared
Task 2-阅读理解
(　　)11.What do we know about earthquakes from Paragraph 2？
A.They are all very dangerous.　　　　　　　　
B.Most of them are hardly felt.
C.They are caused by big fires.
D.Few of them happen every year.
B
(　　)12.What does the underlined word “sturdy”probably mean？
A.Soft and light. B.Old and broken.
C.Strong and hard. D.Tall and beautiful.
C
(　　)13. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？
A.The causes of big earthquakes.
B.The harm of strong earthquakes.
C.The ways to put out fires in quakes.
D.The rules of keeping safe in quakes.
B
(　　)14.　　 Which of the following is an opinion according to the text？
A.The shaking can make buildings fall down.
B.Earthquakes happen millions of times a year.
C.Powerful earthquakes can cause great damage.
D.It’s necessary to prepare for earthquakes early.
D
(　　)15.　　　 What is the writer’s main purpose of writing the text？
A.To explain how earthquakes form.
B.To share a personal earthquake experience.
C.To call on people to save people from earthquakes.
D.To introduce earthquake knowledge and safety rules.
D
Task 3-语言积累
从上文中找出下列短语
16.__________爆发
17.___________为……做好准备
用上面的短语完成下列句子
18.We should ___________ the safety drill carefully before it starts.
19.If a fire _________ in a building，we must stay calm and run out in order.
break out
prepare for
prepare for
breaks out
佳句仿写
20.If an earthquake happens，try to get to a safe place fast.如果地震发生，请尽快前往安全地带。
仿写：如果发生火灾，请尽快离开大楼。
_____ a fire happens，_____________________________.
If
try to leave the building quickly
21.Staying calm and smart is the best way to stay safe during a typhoon.保持冷静、理智应对是台风期间保障自身安全的最佳方式。
仿写：提前做好准备是应对各类自然灾害的最佳方式。
Getting ready ahead of time _________________________ all kinds of natural disasters.
is the best way to deal with　

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