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Presentation
Unit6 Beyond of Earth
Section B How far can we go into space
Reading Plus
拓展阅读课公开课
单元主题范畴：人与自然
单元主题内容：宇宙探索、航天科技、科学精神
(2024新版)人教版 九年级(上册)
Presentation
Learning Objectives
1.掌握核心词汇：satellite, man-made, orbit, launch, signal, position, navigation, communication 等；掌握重点短语：be launched into, send back, burn up, the age of 等。读懂《All About Satellites（走进卫星）》这篇短文，了解卫星的种类与功能，熟练掌握相关词汇和句型。(学习理解）
2.能从文中提取、梳理关键信息，完成判断、简答、信息填空等阅读任务。从文本中获取详细信息，完成阅读任务，并主动和同伴交流探讨有关卫星的知识。(学习理解，应用实践)
3.感受航天科技发展的魅力，了解北斗导航系统，增强民族自豪感。拓展思考卫星更多用途，大胆畅想卫星未来的应用，激发科学探索兴趣。 (迁移创新)
Presentation
Watch and say
Let’s enjoy the video and answer the questions.
1.What is a satellite
A satellite is an object _______
________________ a plnet.
It is divided into ______ like the moon and _____________.
The satellites we often about
are mostly ________________.
2.What is a satellite used for
It is used for _______(help) us
navigate(导航), transmit(传输)
mobile phone and TV signal,
and monitor(监控) weather,
and observe(观察) the earth’s
environment..
orbits
orbit / b t/v. 环绕… 运转
(go/travel around)
natural
man made
man-made satellites
helping
Pre-reading:
Presentation
Watch and think
Let’s enjoy another video and answer the questions.
It is called the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System.
1.What is China's positioning satellite system called
It can provide precise real-time positioning
and timing services.
2.What service can BeiDou provide
Yes, it can work in navigation, geospatial information, disaster management
3.Can BeiDou work in the fields mentioned in the video
It can tell us where our car or our mobile phone is.
n. 导航；航行
/ n v ɡe n/
n. 卫星；人造卫星
/ s t la t n/
adj. 精确的；准确的
/pr sa s/
adj. 地理空间的
/ d i o spe l/
它可以提供精准的实时定位与授时服务。
Pre-reading:
Presentation
Look and say
Do you know what the world’s first man-made satellite is called When was it launched Let’s read today’s article together.
Pre-reading:
Presentation
Look and predict
Now look at the title, the picture on your page and predict:
Looking at the title and the picture on the page, what is the main topic of this passage
A. The story of Sputnik 1, the first satellite.
B. The history and different uses of satellites.
C. How BDS positioning satellites work.
D. Different types of weather satellites.
The passage mainly tells us the ________ and various ________ of satellites.
history
uses
Pre-reading:
Presentation
Read and match
Read the passage quickly and complete the following tasks.
1.How many paragraphs are there
2.Match the main idea with each paragraph
Para.1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
Future uses of satellites
The signal from Sputnik 1
Modern uses of satellites
Facts about Sputnik 1
Early uses of satellites
Five.
Fast-reading:
Presentation
Read and match
Read the passage quickly again and complete the following tasks.
1.How many parts can we divide the passage into
Tip:Look at the first and last paragraphs.
Para.1-2
Para.3-4
Para.5
Three.
2.What’s the main idea of each part
Part. 1:The ____________ of Sputnik 1,
Part. 2: The ___________ and______ of satellites
Part. 3: The endless uses of __________.
introduction
develppment
uses
satellites
Fast-reading:
Presentation
Read and match
Read the text. Tick the uses of satellites that are mentioned.
1
□ as homes for people
□ for research
□ to make maps
□ to grow plants
□ to help us communicate
□ to collect energy from the sun
□ to help us know the weather
□ to show the position of things on Earth
Careful-reading:
Presentation
Read and complete
Read Part. 1 and complete the table.
Introduction
Information Sputnik 1
Country
Launch date
Shape
Material
Weight
Speed
Time to circle Earth
Final result
In October 1957, people listening to radios around the world heard something no one had ever heard before. For three weeks, there was just “beep, beep, beep”. About one beep a second. Millions of people sat round their radios just listening for this beep. The beep itself was not all that amazing. The amazing thing was the place where it came from—space. The beep came from the world’s first man-made satellite, Sputnik 1.
Sputnik 1 was launched by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957. It was round, made of metal, and more than twice as wide as a basketball. It weighed about 84 kilograms, travelled at 29,000 kilometres an hour, and took 96.2 minutes to circle Earth. Sputnik 1 stopped beeping when its radio battery died on 26 October, and it burnt up when it fell back to Earth on 4 January 1958.1.
The Soviet Union
4 October 1957
Round
Metal
About 84 kilograms
29,000 kilometres an hour
96.2 minutes
It burnt up on 4 January
1958.
Careful-reading:
Presentation
Read and answer
In October 1957, people listening to radios around the world heard something no one had ever heard before. For three weeks, there was just “beep, beep, beep”. About one beep a second. Millions of people sat round their radios just listening for this beep. The beep itself was not all that amazing. The amazing thing was the place where it came from—space. The beep came from the world’s first man-made satellite, Sputnik 1.
Introduction
It came from the world’s first man-made satellite, Sputnik 1 in space.
It lasted for three weeks.
adj. 令人惊奇的
/ m n me d/
adj. 人造的
/ me z /
1.Where did the "beep, beep, beep" sound come from
2.How long did the "beep" sound last
Careful-reading:
Presentation
Read and fill
Sputnik 1 was launched by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957. It was round, made of metal, and more than twice as wide as a basketball. It weighed about 84 kilograms, travelled at 29,000 kilometres an hour, and took 96.2 minutes to circle Earth. Sputnik 1 stopped beeping when its radio battery died on 26 October, and it burnt up when it fell back to Earth on 4 January 1958.1.
Introduction
Aspects Detail
Launch information Launched by the Soviet Union _________________
Shape &_________ Round; made of metal; over _____________________ a basketball
Basic data Weight: about 84 kilograms Speed: __________________________ Time to circle Earth: _____________
Ending 1. ______________ on 26 October (radio battery died) 2. __________ when falling back to Earth on 4 January 1958
n. 苏联
/ s vi t/
n. 千克，公斤
/ ju ni n/
/ k l ɡr m/
/n. 电池
/ b tri/
on 4 October 1957
material
twice as wide as
29,000 kilometres an hour
96.2 minutes
Burnt up
Stopped beeping
Careful-reading:
Presentation
Read and complete
Read Part. 2 and complete the tasks.
The developmeng and uses of satellites
Type Use
satellites Help us and .
satellites Send TV and radio .
Weather satellites Tell us about .
Positioning satellites Show the of cars and mobile phones
1. Read and choose
What is mainly discussed in these
two paragraphs
A. The shapes of satellites.
B. The problems with satellites.
C. The history of Sputnik 1.
D. The uses of satellites.
2. Read and complete the table
Research
understand the world
make better maps
Communication
signals
storms, rain or snow
position
Careful-reading:
Presentation
Read and answer
The launch of Sputnik 1 also began the age of satellites. The first satellites were used for research. Through them, we can better understand the world we live in. They also send back photographs that help us to make better maps of our world.
The developmeng and uses of satellites
n. 研究；调研
/r s t /
n. 照片
/ f t ɡrɑ f/
The launch of Sputnik 1 began the age of satellites.
They helped people better understand the world we live in and sent back photographs to help us make better maps of the world.
1.What started the age of satellites
2.What two things could the earliest satellites help people do
Careful-reading:
Presentation
Read and answer
The developmeng and uses of satellites
Communication satellites were also soon developed. These allow TV and radio signals to be sent across oceans or to places thousands of kilometres away. This is how people can watch TV across continents and oceans. Weather satellites soon followed. These can tell us when a storm is coming or whether it will snow next week. One new kind of satellite that is now becoming more useful to the public is the positioning satellite. This satellite works with a highly complicated system, like the BDS (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System), which can tell us where our car or even our mobile phone is.
They allow TV and radio signals to be sent across oceans or to faraway places, so people can watch TV across continents and oceans.
They can tell us when a storm is coming or whether it will snow next week.
1.What can communication satellites do
2.What information can weather satellites provide us
v. 定位（positioning 形容词，定位的）
/p z n/
adj. 复杂的
/ k mpl ke t d/
n. 信号
/ s ɡn l/
n. 大陆，洲
/ k nt n nt/
Careful-reading:
Presentation
Read and fill
Aspects Details
1. Communication satellites Function：Send TV and radio signals _______________________
Result：People can watch TV ____________________________
2. Weather satellites Function：_____________，tell people if_________________
3. Positioning satellites Feature：More useful to ________________
Work with：complicated systems (example: BDS 北斗系统)
Function：Find the position of___________________
Read Para. 4 and complete the table.
通信卫星
气象卫星
定位卫星
across oceans and long distances
across continents and oceans
Predict storms
it will snow
cars and mobile phones
the public
Careful-reading:
Presentation
Read and complete
Read Part. 3 and complete the following tasks.
It seems that there is no end to the possible uses of satellites. The only real limit to their use is our own imagination.
The endless uses of satellites.
1.How does the writer end the text
A. By giving detailed numbers. B. By describing a past event.
C. By comparing two satellites. D. By expressing hope for the future.
2.What new use of satellites can you imagine
Satellites may help find missing people and give warnings before natural disasters.
3.What does “there is no end to the possible uses of satellites” mean
Satellites can be used in more and more areas in the future.
4.What is the biggest limit of satellite development according to the sentence
People’s imagination.
5.What can we learn from this sentence
Space technology has a bright future. As
long as we dare to imagine, we can make
more new inventions.
n. 限制
/ l m t/
n. 想象力
/ m d ne n/
v：imagine imagine doing sth 想象做某事
Careful-reading:
Presentation
Read and answer
1.What kind of text is it
A. A science article. B. A personal letter.
C. A travel diary. D. A short story.
2.How does the writer organize the text
A. By comparing two different satellites.
B. By describing a problem and giving solutions.
C. By introducing the history first and then the uses.
D. By listing different opinions about satellites.
Careful-reading:
Presentation
Listen and repeat
Post-reading:
Presentation
Think and answer
2
Answer the questions.
2.What other types of satellites do you know What are they used for
1.Why was Sputnik 1 important What happened to it in the end
Finally, it returned to the Earth’s atmosphere and burned up.
Sputnik 1 was the first man-made satellite in the world. It started the age of satellites.
Positioning satellites such as BDS can find the position of cars and mobile phones.
We know communication satellites, weather satellites and positioning satellites.
Communication satellites send TV and radio signals across long distances.
Weather satellites help us predict storms and weather changes.
Post-reading:
Presentation
Watch and say
From Sputnik to future satellites, imagination makes space dreams real. Let us work hard to create more wonders with technology.
从斯普特尼克卫星到未来星群，想象造就太空梦想。让我们努力奋斗，用科技创造更多奇迹。
Post-reading:
Presentation
Look and summarize
Words: satellite 卫星, signal 信号, storm 暴风雨, limit 限制；局限
imagination 想象力
Phrases: communication satellite 通信卫星, weather satellite 气象卫星
positioning satellite 定位卫星, thousands of kilometres away 数千公里之外
no end to …… 永无止境
Functions:
1.It seems that… 似乎……；看起来……
2.allow sth. to be done 使某物能够被……
3.The only limit to… is … …… 唯一的局限是……
Summary
Post-reading:
Presentation
Class test
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
Mike has difficulty falling ______ in the evening. So he often feels ______ during the day. (sleep)
If you have any questions about the machine, ask the ___________ for help. He is responsible for the whole ___________. (operate)
Her slow __________ (move) in the dance were beautiful.
When the homework was finally __________, Emma felt _________ relaxed. (complete)
The shopping mall is _________ with people on weekends. But on weekdays, it is usually ___________. (crowd)
asleep
sleepy
operator
operation
movements
completed
completely
crowded
uncrowded
Presentation
Class test
Satellites 1.___________ (send) into space since 1957. Early satellites 2.____________ (use) mainly for research. Now communication satellites allow signals 3.____________ (send) across the world. Weather satellites can tell us 4.____________ a storm is coming. Positioning satellites such as BDS 5.___________ (wide) used all over China now.
It seems that there is no end 6.__________ the uses of satellites. More new types of satellites 7.______________ (create) in the future. Scientists believe that more space tasks 8._______________ (finish) with the help of satellites. The only real limit to their use 9._______ (be) our imagination. We hope more secrets of space 10.______________ (discover) by satellites one day.
have been sent
were used
to be sent
when
are widely
to
will be created
will be finished
is
will be discovered
二、语法填空。
Presentation
Must do:
1.Copy and recite the 10 key phrases and 2 key sentences.
2.Complete the 8 grammar blank exercises we learnt in class.
3.Translate the two sentences into English:
Choose to do:
1.Write three sentences to introduce three different kinds of satellites.
2.Write a short passage (80–100 words):
What new use can satellites have in the future
谢谢
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Unit 6 Section B Reading Plus语言点精讲精练
I．语言点精讲
1.It seems that there is no end to the possible uses of satellites.
卫星可供利用的用途似乎无穷无尽。
1) It seems that + 从句 似乎；看起来……（中考高频句型）
语法说明：it 为形式主语，that 引导主语从句
2)There is no end to … …… 永无止境（固定搭配，介词用 to，易错考点）
3)名词所有结构 the use of … …… 的用途
4)possible adj. 可能的；潜在的 拓展：possibly adv. 可能
人类创新的可能性似乎永无止境。
It seems that there is no end to the possible inventions of humans.
2.The only real limit to their use is our own imagination.
限制它们应用的真正唯一因素是我们自身的想象力。
1）the limit to sth …… 的限制 / 局限（固定搭配，介词to，中考易考点）
讲解：类似 the answer to the question，介词不用 of
the key to the door 门的钥匙 the solution to the problem 问题的解决方案
the limit to progress 进步的局限
2）own adj. 自己的，常用结构 one’s own + 名词
讲解：one’s（物主代词）+ own + n. 某人自己的……
3）imagination n. 想象力 imagine v. 想象；imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
人类探索的唯一真正局限是我们自身的想象力。
The only real limit to human exploration is our own imagination.
3.These allow TV and radio signals to be sent across oceans or to places thousands of kilometres away. 它们能够让电视与广播信号跨越大洋，或者传送到数千公里之外的地方。
1）allow sth. to be done（allow 后接动词不定式的被动形式） 某物被允许……；使得某物能够被……（被动不定式，本课核心语法）
2）across prep. 横跨，跨越（从表面穿过） across（平面横穿） vs through（内部穿过）
卫星让影像能够跨越海洋，传送到数千公里之外的地区。
Satellites allow images to be sent across seas or to areas thousands of kilometres away.
These can tell us when a storm is coming or whether it will snow next week.它们可以告知我们暴风雨何时来临，或是下周是否会下雪。
1）宾语从句：tell us when… when 引导宾语从句，语序使用陈述语序。
2） 宾语从句：tell us whether… whether 引导宾语从句，表示 “是否”。
3） 现在进行时表将来（is coming）come/go/leave 等移动性动词，现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作。
没人相信她的办法能奏效，她还发现很难腾出时间完成社团活动。
Few people believed her method would work, and she found it hard to spare time to pay for club activities.
5.One new kind of satellite that is now becoming more useful to the public is the positioning satellite. 如今对大众越来越实用的一类新型卫星就是定位卫星。
1）定语从句 that 引导限制性定语从句 that 指代前面表示事物的先行词，在从句中作主语，不可省略。
2）become useful to sb. 对某人变得有用
3）.the public 大众，公众（固定短语）
4）比较级 more useful 多音节形容词比较级：more + 形容词原级
一类能舒缓压力的爱好就是绘画。
One kind of hobby that can reduce stress is painting.
6.This satellite works with a highly complicated system, like the BDS (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System). 这类卫星配合高度复杂的系统运行，例如北斗卫星导航系统。
1）work with … 与…… 配合运行；协同运作
2）highly adv. 高度地；非常（修饰形容词）highly = very，多用于书面语
3）complicated adj. 复杂的 近义词：complex；反义词：simple
4）like 介词，意为 “例如，像”，用于举例 介词 like（举例）≠ 动词 like（喜欢）
这款机器人依靠一套高度精密的程序运作，例如人工智能算法。
This robot works with a highly complicated program, like AI algorithms.
7.It can tell us where our car or even our mobile phone is.
它能够定位我们的汽车，甚至是我们的手机。
1）where 引导宾语从句，从句使用陈述语序 特殊疑问词引导宾语从句，主谓不颠倒。
2）even adv. 甚至（加强语气，放置在被强调对象前）
系统能够告知我们书包或是钥匙在哪里。
It can tell us where our schoolbag or even our keys are.
II．语言点精练
一、单项选择
1. When was Sputnik 1 launched
A. On 4 Oct 1957 B. On 26 Oct 1957 C. On 4 Jan 1958
2. Sputnik 1 stopped beeping because ______.
A. it burnt up B. its radio battery died C. it fell to Earth
3. What kind of satellites help us watch TV far away
A. Research satellites B. Communication satellites C. Positioning satellites
4. What can weather satellites tell us
A. Where our car is B. When a storm is coming C. How to make maps
5. Which is true about positioning satellites
A. They only work for storms. B. BDS is one such system. C. They were the first satellites.
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Sputnik 1 ________ by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957.（launch）
2. It ________ at 29,000 kilometres an hour.（travel）
3. It took Sputnik 1 96.2 minutes ________ Earth.（circle）
4. Communication satellites allow TV and radio signals ________ across oceans.（send）
5. People ________ weather satellites soon after communication satellites.（develop）
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. Sputnik 1 was the world’s first ________ ________.（人造卫星）
2. Research satellites can ________ ________ photos to help us make maps.（传回）
3. Communication satellites help send TV and radio signals ________ ________.（跨越大洋）
4. Weather satellites can tell us when a ________ is ________.（暴风雨；来临）
5. BDS is a ________ ________ system to show our position.（北斗导航）
四、语法填空。 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
Can you imagine a world without books, newspapers or magazines All of these things depend 1 one great invention — paper-making. It is one of 2 (important) inventions. It helped information spread 3 (quick), which plays a key role in our modern world.
In ancient China, people used many 4 (material) for writing, such as animal bones, bronze wares, bamboo and silk. In the Western Han Dynasty, people used jute, a plant fibre, to make 5 early form of paper. However, all of these were not good enough.
Cai Lun 6 (manage) the emperor’s palace workshop in the Eastern Han Dynasty at that time. He decided 7 (solve) this problem. He 8 (inspire) by bark used for clothes, and then he used bark, plants and old clothes to make paper. He boiled, beat, filtered (过滤) 9 dried these things. Finally he created soft, light and cheap paper. In 105 CE, he showed 10 (he) invention to the emperor and won high praise. Later, the paper-making technique spread around the world and changed our world for the better.
五、完形填空
Many people may wonder what the astronauts’ life is like when they’re working in space. In fact, they do many of the 　1　 things as we do on Earth.
They brush their teeth, wash their hair and go to the bathroom. However, 　2　　　　 the weightless environment, they take care of themselves in different ways. It is 　3　　　　 for them to wash their hair by using the common shampoo to get it clean because there are no real showers in the spaceship. Astronauts eat three meals a day. And they decide how much they eat to 　4　　 themselves. A small woman astronaut often 　　5　 only about 1,900 calories a day, while a large man requires about 3,200 calories. So there are many kinds of food 　　6　　 for them. They can also drink coffee, tea and orange juice.
Astronauts can have much fun too. They look out of the window, and 　7　 the wonderful sunset and sunrise. Believe it or not, astronauts can even spend weekends. They can watch movies, play music, read books and 　　8　　 with their families.
After a long day at work, nothing is better than a good night’s 　　9　. Just like on Earth, an astronaut goes to bed at a certain time, then wakes up and prepares for work again. But there are a few 　10　. Astronauts have to sleep in sleeping bags in special cabins (舱).
1. A. natural B. safe C. new D. daily
2. A. according to B. in need of C. because of D. instead of
3. A. long B. impossible C. heavy D. correct
4. A. satisfy B. find C. help D. show
5. A. pays B. fills C. needs D. cares
6. A. useful B. ready C. same D. relaxed
7. A. send B. choose C. hear D. expect
8. A. communicate B. win C. keep D. wait
9. A. report B. job C. sleep D. duty
10. A. skills B. secrets C. habits D. differences
六、七选五。
The universe outside our planet is full of mysterious secrets. 1.________ They help human beings see far away stars and planets beyond our eyes’ reach.
Early telescopes were simple tools. 2.________ They could only make objects look a little bigger. As technology developed, new kinds of telescopes were invented. Some powerful ones are even sent into space.
The Hubble Space Telescope is one of the most famous space telescopes. 3.________ Since its launch, it has taken thousands of amazing photos of deep space. Those photos have helped scientists make many important discoveries.
Now China’s space based telescopes are also being prepared. 4.______ They will look for exoplanets and study the early solar system.
Telescopes do not solve all space puzzles. 5.______ They open a door for us to learn more about the world beyond Earth.
Options:
They were not strong enough for deep space research.
But they provide us with valuable information about space.
Telescopes play an important role in space exploration.
It was sent to travel around Earth many years ago.
Most old telescopes can still work well in outer space.
They will be carried into space by new rockets in the near future.
G. People can directly touch stars through modern telescopes.
七、阅读理解
On December 17, 2024, two Chinese astronauts, Cai Xuzhe and Song Lingdong, made history. They did a spacewalk outside the Tiangong Space Station and broke a world record. They are part of the three-person team on the Shenzhou 19.
The spacewalk started in the afternoon. Cai went out of the space station first at 12:51 p.m. Song followed him about 90 minutes later. After working very hard for 9 hours and 6 minutes, they came back to the station at 9:57 p.m. Before this, the longest spacewalk was 8 hours and 56 minutes. American astronauts James Voss and Susan Helms set that record in March 2001. Our Chinese astronauts walked 10 minutes longer!
While Cai and Song were outside, Wang Haoze stayed inside the space station. She made sure everything worked well. The three astronauts worked together. They also got help from the space station’s robot arm and the scientists on the earth. Cai and Song did many important things during the spacewalk. They checked tools and put in a machine to protect the space station from space junk. Their work was a big success!
This spacewalk is the 17th time Chinese astronauts have worked outside the Tiangong Space Station. These brave astronauts’ hard work is good for China and the whole world. They are heroes. Their work shows us that everything is possible if we try hard. Their success tells us to dream big!
1. How many people were there on the Shenzhou 19
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
2. How long did Cai Xuzhe stay out of the space station
A. 8 hours and 6 minutes. B. 8 hours and 56 minutes. C. 9 hours and 6 minutes. D. 9 hours and 10 minutes.
3. What did Wang Haoze do during the spacewalk
A. She went outside the space station.
B. She checked tools outside the space station.
C. She put in a machine to protect the space station.
D. She stayed inside and made sure everything worked well.
4. How many times had Chinese astronauts worked outside the Tiangong Space Station before this spacewalk
A. 16 times. B. 17 times. C. 18 times. D. 19 times.
5. What can we learn from these astronauts’ work
A. Space work is very easy. B. Only astronauts can dream big.
C. Everything is possible if we try hard. D. Wang Haoze picked up space junk.
II. 语言点精练参考答案
一、单项选择
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
【答案】was launched 2. travelled 3. to circle 4. to be sent 5. developed
三、根据汉语意思完成句子
【答案】man-made satellite 2. send back 3. across oceans 4. storm; coming
5. BeiDou Navigation
四、语法填空
1．on 2．the most important 3．quickly 4．materials 5．an 6．managed 7．to solve 8．was inspired 9．and 0．his
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍中国古代造纸术的发展历程以及蔡伦改进造纸术的相关历史。
【详解】1．句意：所有这些事物都依赖一项伟大的发明——造纸术。固定搭配depend on意为“依赖、依靠”。
2．句意：它是最重要的发明之一。固定结构one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数表示“最……之一”，important的最高级为the most important。
3．句意：它帮助信息快速传播，这在我们的现代世界中发挥着关键作用。空处修饰动词spread，应用副词形式，quick的副词为quickly。
4．句意：在中国古代，人们使用很多材料来书写，比如兽骨、青铜器、竹简和丝绸。限定词many后接可数名词复数形式，material的复数为materials。
5．句意：在西汉时期，人们用黄麻这种植物纤维制作一种早期形态的纸。此处泛指“一种”，early以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。
6．句意：蔡伦当时在东汉掌管宫廷作坊。根据时间状语“in the Eastern Han Dynasty at that time”可知时态为一般过去时，manage的过去式为managed。
7．句意：他决定解决这个问题。固定搭配decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，此处用不定式to solve作宾语。
8．句意：他受到用于制衣的树皮的启发，之后用树皮、植物和旧布料造纸。主语He和inspire之间是被动关系，文章整体为一般过去时，一般过去时被动语态结构为was/were+过去分词，主语为单数，故填was inspired。
9．句意：他对这些原料进行蒸煮、捶打、过滤和晾干。boiled、beat、filtered、dried是并列的动作，并列连词and用于连接多个并列谓语。
10．句意：公元105年，他把自己的发明呈现给皇帝并获得了高度赞扬。空处修饰名词invention，应用形容词性物主代词，he的形容词性物主代词为his。
五、完形填空
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空中的日常生活，包括他们如何洗漱、饮食、娱乐以及睡觉，并说明了这些生活与在地球上的异同。
(1)题： 句意：事实上，他们做的许多事情和我们在地球上日常做的事情一样。
natural自然的；safe安全的；new新的；daily日常的。后文提到的“They brush their teeth, wash their hair and go to the bathroom.”行为，这些都是人们每天要做的日常事务，daily“日常的”符合语境。
(2)题： 句意：然而，由于失重环境，他们以不同的方式照顾自己。
according to根据；in need of需要；because of因为，由于；instead of代替。宇航员采取不同方式照顾自己的原因是“失重环境”，because of“因为，由于”，表原因。
(3)题： 句意：对他们来说，用普通的洗发水洗头是不可能的，因为飞船上没有真正的淋浴设备。
long长的；impossible不可能的；heavy重的；correct正确的。根据后半句“because there are no real showers in the spaceship”可知，在没有淋浴的情况下用普通洗发水洗头是做不到的，impossible“不可能的”符合语境。
(4)题： 句意：并且他们决定吃多少来满足自己的需求。
satisfy满足；find发现；help帮助；show展示。根据前文“Astronauts eat three meals a day.”及后文列举的具体卡路里数据可知，宇航员需要摄入特定数量的食物来满足身体需求，satisfy“满足”符合语境。
(5)题： 句意：一名身材娇小的女宇航员每天通常只需要大约1900卡路里的热量。
pays支付；fills填满；needs需要；cares关心。根据后半句“while a large man requires about 3,200 calories”中的“requires”可知，此处表达的是女宇航员“需要”的卡路里数量，needs“需要”符合语境。
(6)题： 句意：因此，为他们准备了许多种类的食物。
useful有用的；ready准备好的；same相同的；relaxed放松的。根据前文宇航员有不同的卡路里需求可知，空间站会为他们准备好各种种类的食物，ready“准备好的”符合语境，be ready for意为“为……准备好”。
(7)题： 句意：他们看向窗外，期待看到美丽的日落和日出。
send发送；choose选择；hear听见；expect期待。根据前文“They look out of the window”可知，宇航员在太空中看窗外是为了“期待”或“观赏”美景，expect“期待”符合语境。
(8)题： 句意：他们可以看电影、演奏音乐、看书以及和家人交流。
communicate交流；win赢；keep保持；wait等待。根据句意，宇航员在周末的娱乐活动包括与家人互动，communicate“交流”符合语境。communicate with sb.“与某人沟通交流”。
(9)题： 句意：在漫长的一天工作之后，没有什么比睡个好觉更好的了。
report报告；job工作；sleep睡眠；duty责任。根据前文“After a long day at work”及后文“Astronauts have to sleep in sleeping bags”可知，此处强调的是工作后的“睡眠”，sleep“睡眠”符合语境。
(10)题： 句意：但是也有一些不同之处。
skills技能；secrets秘密；habits习惯；differences不同之处。根据前文“Just like on Earth ...”以及转折词“But”可知，虽然宇航员的作息和地球上相似，但还是有“不同”的地方，比如要在睡袋里睡觉，differences“不同之处”符合语境。
六、七选五
【答案】1.C 2.A 3.D 4.F 5.B
逐空思路点拨：
1.C 前文提出宇宙充满神秘，后文说明望远镜帮助人类观测肉眼不可及的遥远星体。C 选项总起点明望远镜在太空探索中的重要作用，引出本文核心说明对象，属于中考典型段中主旨引入类设空。
2.A 前句介绍早期望远镜构造简单；A 选项承接上文，说明早期望远镜性能不足，难以开展深空研究，与后文现代高性能太空望远镜形成今昔对比。
3.D 本段围绕哈勃太空望远镜展开；D 选项中It指代哈勃望远镜，交代它被发射环绕地球运行的背景，衔接后文它拍摄大量深空照片、助力科学发现的成果。
4.F 前文说明中国空间望远镜正在筹备之中；F 选项中They指代新一代太空望远镜，说明它们未来将由新型火箭送入太空，对应后文探测系外行星、研究早期太阳系的科研任务。
5.B 前句表明望远镜不能解开全部太空谜题；B 选项通过But进行让步转折，强调望远镜依然可以为人类提供珍贵的太空信息，段尾收束本段观点。
干扰项精准排除： E（大多数老式望远镜仍然可以在太空良好运转），原文无相关信息，属于无中生有； G（人们可以通过现代望远镜直接触摸星星）违背基础科学常识，直接排除。
七、阅读理解
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C
【解析】本文报道了中国航天员蔡旭哲、宋令东于2024年12月17日在天宫空间站创造世界最长太空行走纪录的壮举，并介绍了任务细节、团队协作及其象征意义。
(1)题： 细节理解题。根据“They are part of the three—person team on the Shenzhou 19.”可知，神舟19号是三人团队。故选B。
(2)题： 细节理解题。根据“Cai went out of the space station first at 12:51 p. m. Song followed him about 90 minutes later. After working very hard for 9 hours and 6 minutes, they came back to the station at 9:57 p. m.”可知，中午12点51分，蔡首先走出空间站，90分钟后，宋也跟着离开了空间站。经过9小时6分的艰苦工作，他们于晚上9点57分回到了空间站。21:57-12:51=9小时6分钟。故选C。
(3)题： 细节理解题。根据“While Cai and Song were outside, Wang Haoze stayed inside the space station. She made sure everything worked well.”可知，王浩泽留在舱内保障运行，故选D。
(4)题： 推理判断题。根据“This spacewalk is the 17th time Chinese astronauts have worked outside the Tiangong Space Station.”可知，这是第17次，所以此前有16次。故选A。
(5)题： 细节理解题。根据“Their work shows us that everything is possible if we try hard. Their success tells us to dream big!”可知，他们的工作告诉我们，只要努力，一切皆有可能。他们的成功告诉我们要有远大的梦想！故选C。
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