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(共36张PPT)
第 2 课 时
Unit 6 Looking into science
Lesson 2 The history of the book
单词：text，general，electronic
短语：date back to，as time goes on，a means of，in large quantities，
at lower costs
句型：①The earliest known book was written on clay tablets around
2,100 BCE.
② In the 15th century, printing presses were invented and books
could be produced in larger quantities and at lower costs.
了解书籍发展的时间表；学习历史描写中的被动语态；能够谈论纸质书和电子书。
Learning Goals
1
2
Lead in
Q1. What do you know about the history of books
Q2. Before paper was invented, how did people record information
Hint: Think about stones, clay tablets, oracle bones, bamboo slips, silk... What else can you think of
How did people use to record information in the past
Around 3,000 years ago during the Shang Dynasty, people inscribed divination and other contents on tortoise shells and animal bones, forming the earliest book form-oracle bone books.
约3000多年前的殷商时期，人们将占卜等内容刻在龟甲和兽骨上，形成最早的图书形式，即甲骨书，甲骨文是当时的主要文字。
They were not accessible to most people, only to a small group of priests and nobles.
/ k ses bl/adj. 可使用的
How did people use to record information in the past
From the Pre-Qin to the Han and Wei periods, bamboo slips and wooden tablets were the main writing materials. Bamboo slips were made of bamboo slices, and wooden tablets were made of wooden boards. They were bound together with ropes to form a book", which was the main form of books at that time.
先秦至汉魏时期，竹简和木牍成为主要书写材料。竹简是用竹片制成，木牍是用木板制成，将多片简牍用绳编连成册。
They were movable, so people could carry them more easily.
/ mu v bl/adj. 可移动的
How did people use to record information in the past
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun improved the papermaking technique, which gradually replaced bamboo slips as the main writing material.
东汉蔡伦改进造纸术，逐渐取代竹简。
In the Northern Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng invented movable-type printing, making individual characters from clay and other materials and arranging them for printing.
北宋毕昇发明活字印刷术，用胶泥等材料制成单个活字，排版印刷。
The invention of paper and printing brought a revolution in book-making. Books became available to the general public, not just the rich.
/ rev lu n/n. 革命
/ ve l bl/adj. 可获得的
/ d enr l/adj. 普遍的
In the 21st century, new book forms such as electronic books and audio books have emerged, providing more reading choices for people.
How do people use to record information today
During the industrial age, printing technology developed further, allowing books to be produced in large numbers. Reading became increasingly popular across society.
/ lek tr n k/adj. 电子的
/ n d stri l/adj. 工业的
/ f (r)/adv. 进一步
/ n kri s li/adv. 不断
课 堂 学 习
Vocabulary
tablet / t bl t/
text /tekst/
widespread / wa dspred/
movable / mu v bl/
printing / pr nt /
quantity / kw nt ti/
n. 简；碑；药片
n. 文本；文章；课文
adj. 普遍的
adj. 可移动的
n. 印刷；印刷术
n. 数量；大量
课 堂 学 习
Vocabulary
accessible / k ses bl/
general / d en r l/
available / ve l bl/
industrial / n d stri l/
revolution / rev lu n/
further / f (r)/
adj. 可使用的
adj. 一般的；普通的
adj. 可获得的；有空的
adj. 工业的；产业的
n. 革命；巨变
adv. 进一步；较远；此外
（far的比较级）
adj. 更进一步的
课 堂 学 习
Vocabulary
lower / l (r)/
electronic / lek tr n k/
increasingly / n kri s li/
reader / ri d (r)/
access / kses/
v. 降低；减少；把……放低
adj. 下方的
adj. 电子的
adv. 越来越多地；不断增加地
n. 读者；阅读器；读本
v. 使用；进入；访问
n. 通道；入径
date back to 追溯到
as time goes on 随着时间流逝
a means of 一种手段或方法
in large quantities 大批地；大量地
at lower costs 以更低的成本
Structures and Expressions
Read the passage and answer the questions.
1
While-reading
A When and where was the earliest book written
B What technology makes books more accessible to the general public
C What technology do you think has changed the history of books
The history of book dates back to ancient times when people recorded information on various materials such as bones, clay, bamboo or other plants. The earliest known book was written on clay tablets around 2,100 BCE.
As time went on, written texts became more widespread. With the invention of paper in the Han Dynasty and movable type in the Song Dynasty, books became an important means of getting knowledge and ideas in China.
In the 15th century, printing presses were invented and books could be produced in larger quantities and at lower costs. Books became accessible to the general public in the following centuries.
As paper became cheaper, books continued to be more widely available. The Industrial Revolution then brought about mass production of books, further lowering their costs.
With the coming of digital technology in the late 20th century, the electronic book (e-book) has become increasingly popular. It allows readers to access books using electronic devices such as computers and e-readers.
Throughout history, books have been a valuable source of knowledge and cultural exchange, and have played an important role in shaping human civilization. They continue to do so today.
A When and where was the earliest book written
The history of the book dates back to ancient times when people recorded information on various materials such as bones, clay, bamboo or other plants. The earliest known book was written on clay tablets around 2,100 BCE.
The earliest known book was written on clay tablets around 2,100 BCE .
B What technology makes books more accessible to the general public
Printing technology like movable type and printing presses made books more accessible. It allowed books to be produced in large quantities at lower costs, so the general public could afford and obtain them more easily.
As time went on, written texts became more widespread. With the invention of paper in the Han Dynasty and movable type in the Song Dynasty, books became an important means of getting knowledge and ideas in China.
In the 15th century, printing presses were invented and books could be produced in larger quantities and at lower costs. Books became accessible to the general public in the following centuries.
As paper became cheaper, books continued to be more widely available. The Industrial Revolution then brought the mass production of books, further lowering their costs.
With the coming of digital technology in the late 20th century, the electronic book (e-book) has become increasingly popular. It allows readers to access books using electronic devices such as computers and e-readers.
C What technology do you think has changed the history of books
Digital technology.(I think the movable type printing revolutionized the speed and scale of book production./I think the printing presses enabled mass production, making books accessible to ordinary people./I think the digital technology created e-books and electronic readers, allowing instant access to millions of books online.)
Read the passage again and put the sentences in the correct order.
While-reading
2
Books became more accessible to the general public.
Books continued to become more widely available.
People recorded information on various materials.
E-books have become increasingly popular.
Books have played an important role in shaping human civilization.
Books became an important means of getting knowledge and ideas.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Complete the history of the book.
3
Time Events
Ancient Times People recorded information on .
Han & Song Dynasties Books became of getting knowledge and ideas.
15th Century Books became to the general public.
Industrial Revolution Books to become more widely .
Late 20th Century—Today E-books have become .
Books have played an important role in . various materials
an important means
more accessible
continued
increasingly popular
shaping human civilization
We can learn that the development of books goes with human progress. As society develops, people create better ways to record and pass on information, and reading becomes more popular for everyone.
available
Read and complete the passage.
4
A. It is easier for me to focus on reading a paper book.
B. They are reminders of beautiful memories.
C. Among these, paper books are always my favourite.
D. The characters and pictures in the book allow me to imagine freely.
There are different forms of books today, such as paper books and e books. ______ I like the smell of the ink and the feeling of the texture of paper when I open a book. ______ I can fully immerse myself in the story presented within the pages. ______ More importantly, many paper books on my bookshelves are gifts from my friends. ______ Although e books are becoming increasingly popular, paper books hold a unique place in my heart and I still believe they cannot be replaced.
C
A
D
B
Retell the history of the book to your group members using the information sheet.
5
Use time words:
in ancient times, around 2,100 BCE, in the Han Dynasty, in the Song Dynasty, in the 15th century, during the Industrial Revolution, in the late 20th century.
For example: In ancient times, books were written on bones.
Do you like reading paper books or e-books Why
6
A: Hi! Do you like reading paper books or e-books
B: I prefer...
A: Sounds cool. Why do you like ...
B: Because I love the smell of ink and paper. And it’s easier for me to
focus on the story. What about you
A: Because...
...
Word bank
Paper books：
love the ink smell and paper touch; easier to focus on reading
write notes on the pages; eyes won’t get tired easily
bring beautiful memories
E-books
very convenient to carry; easy to search for new words
read anywhere ; save space at home
get books quickly online
date back to 追溯到；始于
同义：go back to
trace back to
例句：The building dates back to the Tang Dynasty.
这座建筑追溯到唐代。
Language points
1. The history of books dates back to ancient times when people recorded information on various materials such as bone, clay, bamboo or other plants. 书籍的历史可追溯到古代，当时人们用各种材料记录信息，比如骨头、黏土、竹子或者其他植物。
①as time went on 随着时间推移；久而久之
同义短语：over time；with time going by
例句：As time went on, he forgot the sad story.
随着时间推移，他渐渐忘记了那件伤心的往事。
2. As time went on, written texts became more widespread. 随着时间的推移，书面文本变得越来越普及。
②widespread/ wa dspred/ adj. 广泛传播的；普遍的
wide（范围广）+ spread（扩散） → 广泛传播的、普遍的
例句：This custom is widespread in this country.
这种习俗在这个国家十分普遍。
movable adj. 可移动的；活动的 move v. 移动 movement n. 运动
type n. 类型；种类；（印刷）铅字；活字 v. 打字
movable type 活字（活字印刷）
例句：These movable blocks were used for printing.
这些可移动的字块被用来印刷。
3. With the invention of paper in the Han Dynasty and movable type in the Song Dynasty, books became an important means of getting knowledge and ideas in China.随着汉代造纸术的发明与宋代活字印刷术的问世，书籍在中国成为获取知识与思想的重要途径。
quantity / kw nt ti/ n. 数量
in large quantities 大量地
易混：quality n. 质量
例句：Quality is more important than quantity.
质量比数量更加重要。
4. In the 15th century, printing presses were invented and books could be produced in larger quantities and at lower costs.
15 世纪，印刷机被发明出来，书籍得以大批量生产，成本也变得更低。
①accessible adj. 可获得的；可接触的
be accessible to … 对…… 可使用 / 可接触
access n.&v. 通道；获取
accessibility n. 可及性；无障碍
inaccessible adj. 难以得到的；无法接触的
例句：The park is accessible to everyone.
所有人都可以进入这个公园。
5. Books became accessible to the general public in the following centuries.在之后的数个世纪，普通大众也能够接触到书籍。
②general / d enr l/ adj. 普遍的；总的；全体的 n. 将军；上将
in general 总的来说；大体上
general public 普通大众，公众
generally / d enr li/ adv. 通常；大体上；普遍地
例句： In general, girls are more careful.
总的来说，女孩子更加细心。
available / ve l bl/ adj. 可获得的；可买到的；可用的
be available to sb 某人可以得到 / 使用
be available for … 可用于……
availability n. 可用性
unavailable adj. 得不到的；不可用的
辨析：available：侧重 “东西有货、能够拿到”
accessible：侧重 “容易接触、普通人能享用，门槛低”
例句 ：These books are available to all readers.
所有读者都可以得到这些书。
6. As paper became cheaper, books continued to be more widely available.随着纸张变得更加廉价，书籍也进一步普及。
①electronic book (e book) n. 电子书
electronic device 电子设备
electronic adj. 电子的 electronics n. 电子学；电子产品
electron n. 电子
electrical adj. 电气的、用电的 electric adj. 电的；电动的
例句：Electronic payment makes our life much easier.
电子支付让我们的生活方便很多。
7. With the coming of digital technology in the late 20th century, the electronic book (e-book) has become increasingly popular. 20 世纪末，随着数字技术到来，电子书变得愈发流行。
②increasingly adv. 越来越，愈加
increase v. 增加
increasing adj. 不断增长的，越来越多的
例句：The price of oil will increase next month.
下个月石油价格将会上涨。
例句：People are increasingly worried about environmental problems.
人们越来越担忧环境问题。
access v. 获取，阅读；n. 使用权
have access to 可以使用
例句：We can access books online.
我们可以在网上阅读书籍。
例句：Poor villages still have no access to clean drinking water.
一些贫困乡村依旧无法获得干净的饮用水。
8. It allows readers to access books using electronic devices such as computers and e-readers.读者可以借助电脑、电子阅读器这类电子设备阅读书籍。
Practice
一、单项选择
( )1. We need a large ________ of paper to print these books.
A. reader B. quantity C. text D. general
( )2. This ________ shelf is easy for you to move to another room.
A. industrial B. electronic C. movable D. further
( )3. Mobile phones have ________ use all over the world.
A. widespread B. further C. general D. accessible
( )4. New machines helped ________ the cost of making books.
A. lower B. access C. print D. shape
( )5. This book is not ________ in bookshops; you can only read it online.
A. movable B. available C. industrial D. further
B
C
A
A
B
Practice
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. As time (go) on, the old custom gradually disappeared.
2. With the invention of the printing press, books became more (access) to the general public.
3. The school allows students (use) their tablets in class for research.
4. Reading (be) a valuable source of knowledge for centuries.
5. Technology plays an important role in (shape) modern society.
went
accessible
to use
has been
shaping
1. Write a short paragraph about your opinion on paper books vs. e-books.
2. Interview your family members and ask them: “Do you prefer paper books or e-books Why ” Take notes and share their opinions with the class next time.
Homework

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