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Unit 6 Looking into science
第 7 课 时
More readings：About science
单词: observe，observation，prove，trial，investigation，substance，discouraged，react
短语: decide to do sth.，lead to，try to do sth.
句型：①Galileo believed that people should go out into nature and prove their opinions and theories by experiment.
② After each trial, he thought about how each new substance reacted.
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Learning Goals
能够读懂文章，了解罗杰·培根、伽利略·伽利莱和托马斯·爱迪生等科学家的成就，并把握科学精神的核心（实证证据、创新、坚持不懈）。
能够分析科学家的研究方法，培养归纳、推理和批判性思维能力
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课 堂 学 习
Vocabulary and Expressions
philosopher /f l s f (r)/
observe / b z v/
observation / bz ve n/
prove /pru v/
trial/ tra l /
error / er (r)/
investigation / n vest ɡe n/
investigate / n vest ɡe t/
efficiently / f ntli/
n. 哲学家
v. 观察；观测
n. 观察；观测
v.证明；证实；结果是
n. 试验；尝试
n. 错误，差错
n. 调查；研究
v. 研究；调查
adv.高效地
课 堂 学 习
Vocabulary and Expressions
substance / s bst ns/
filament / f l m nt/
discouraged/d s k r d d/
react /ri kt/
statement / ste tm nt/
start with
try to do sth.
draw on
n. 物质；材料
n. 灯丝
adj. 灰心的；气馁的
v. 作出反应；回应
n. 陈述；言论；说法
以……为开端
试图做某事
借鉴；利用
Watch a video
Pre-reading
experiment:
trial-and-error:
contribution:
A.trying many times until you succeed.
B. something helpful you give to the world.
C. a test to discover new things.
实验；试验（为发现新事物而进行的测试）
反复试验；不断尝试（试很多次直到成功）
贡献；奉献（为世界 / 他人提供的有益事物）
While-reading
Skimming：Read quickly and answer.
1.What is the main idea of the passage
2.Which scientists are mentioned in the passage
It talks about the importance of scientific experiments and the way of thinking in science.
Roger Bacon, Galileo Galilei, Thomas A. Edison, Isaac Newton.
3.How many parts does the passage have, and what is each part about
Structure:Two main parts.
Part 1: The importance of scientific experiments (using Roger Bacon and Galileo Galilei as examples).
Part 2: Science as a way of thinking (using Thomas Edison and Isaac Newton as examples to explain methods like trial-and-error).
The importance of scientific experiments
People generally believe that modern science started in the Middle Ages with Roger Bacon. Bacon was a wonderful scientist and philosopher from Oxford. He lived from 1214 to 1292. He believed that we must learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us. He himself made many important discoveries this way.
Galileo Galilei lived about 300 years after Bacon. He was the greatest of several great men in Europe. He discovered many important truths through careful observation. Before his time, people like Aristotle thought that heavier objects would fall faster than lighter ones. One day, Galileo decided to run an experiment. He went to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa with two different-sized balls. He dropped them both at the same time. He proved to his friends and other scientists that the balls fell at the same rate. Galileo believed that people should go out into nature and prove their opinions and theories by experiment. This belief led to many great discoveries of modern science.
Science: a way of thinking
Many scientists, from their earlier work, have enough knowledge to make good guesses as to the solution of a problem they are working on. In making new discoveries, they may use the trial-and-error method, they may draw on past experiences, or they may try to find out what others have discovered. They may design new investigations and new ways of testing their results. Scientists have to train themselves to use their brains efficiently; that is, they train
themselves to think.
For example, when Thomas A. Edison was trying to make an electric lamp, he needed a substance for the filament inside the bulb that would glow brightly without burning up quickly. He tried more than a thousand different filaments before he found one that he could use. After each trial, he thought about how each new substance reacted. He kept notes and compared the results. After he had experimented for a long time, someone asked him if he was discouraged by all the wasted time and failed experiments. He replied, “I have not been wasting time. I have found one thousand materials that won’t work. Now I can look for others.” Edison’s statement is all-important.
Scientists spend many years studying and training themselves to use their brains and tools to investigate nature and the workings of the world. They also build upon each other’s work. Isaac Newton, a British scientist, who lived over 300 years ago, said he saw further than others because he stood on the shoulders of giants.
Roger Bacon →
Galileo Galilei →
Thomas A. Edison →
prove theories by experiment
trial and error method
learn by observing and experimenting
Skimming：Match scientists to their ideas
Read and complete the ideas of each scientist.
1.Roger Bacon taught us that we should learn by ________ and ________.
2.Galileo Galilei believed that we must prove theories by ________.
3.Thomas A. Edison succeeded through the method of ________________.
observing
experiment
experimenting
trial-and-error
Complete the scientist profile.
Name Contribution Key Method
Roger Bacon Observe and experiment
Galileo Galilei Experiment to prove theories
Thomas A. Edison Trial-and-error
Started modern science
Proved objects fall at the same rate
Invented the electric lamp
"What qualities do you see in Bacon, Galileo, and Edison What is the spirit of science
Key words for reference:
curiosity, perseverance, hard-working, creative, open-minded, patient, brave, truth-seeking, evidence-based
1. Qualities of the scientists
Roger Bacon: curious, creative, loves observation and experiments
Galileo Galilei: brave, truth-seeking, believes in evidence and experiments
Thomas Edison: hard-working, patient, never gives up, keeps trying
The spirit of science means being curious about the world.
It means seeking truth by experiments and evidence.
It means never giving up and keeping trying.
It means being brave to challenge old ideas and find new truth.
Group Discussion: My Science Hero
Post-reading
Useful sentence patterns
My science hero is ________.
He / She is a great ________.
He / She ________.
I admire him / her because ________.
He / She teaches me to ________.
Your speech should include:
Who he / she is
What he / she did
Why you admire him / her
①People believe that... 与 It is believed that... 意思相同，都表示“人们认为……”。It is believed that... 是被动句型，更正式，常用于书面语和中考写作中。
例句： It is believed that regular exercise is good for health.
人们认为规律的锻炼对健康有益。
例句：People believe that honesty is the best policy.
人们认为诚实是上策。
People generally believe that modern science started in the Middle Ages with Roger Bacon. 人们普遍认为，现代科学始于中世纪，以罗杰·培根为开端。
Language points
②start with... 表示“以……为开端/起点”； start in... 表示“在……时间/地点开始”。 这是中考完形填空和写作的常用短语，可与 begin with 互换。
例句： Our English class starts with a 5-minute vocabulary quiz.
我们的英语课以5分钟的词汇小测开始。
例句：The party started with a song and dance performance.
派对以歌舞表演拉开序幕。
learn sth. by doing sth. 表示“通过做某事来学习某事”，其中 by 是介词，后接动名词。
例句：You can learn English by watching English movies.
你可以通过看英文电影来学习英语。
例句：She learned to cook by helping her mother in the kitchen.
她通过在厨房帮妈妈打下手学会了做饭。
2. He believed that we must learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us. 他认为我们必须通过观察和实验周围的事物来学习科学。
try to do sth. 表示“努力/试图做某事”（强调动作的目的性）；
try doing sth. 表示“尝试做某事”（强调尝试新方法）。
例句：He tried to solve the problem, but he failed.
他努力尝试解决这个问题，但失败了。
例句：Why not try using a different method
为什么不试试用另一种方法呢？
3. ...they may try to find out what others have discovered.
……他们可能会试图弄清楚其他人已经发现了什么。
Practice
单项选择
Scientists ______ the changes of the animals carefully in the lab.
A. react B. observe C. prove D. investigate
2.He made a careful ______ of the stars at night.
A. investigation B. observation C. trial D. statement
3.The facts can ______ that his opinion is right.
A. react B. discourage C. prove D. observe
4.We need many ______ before we get the correct result.
A. trials B. filaments C. statements D. substances
B
B
C
A
5.Be careful! A small ______ may cause a big failure in the experiment.
A. trial B. error C. statement D. observation
6.They carried out an ______ into the secret of nature.
A. investigation B. observation C. statement D. error
7.We should make full use of time and work ______.
A. efficiently B. discouraged C. brightly D. quickly
8.This kind of ______ can be used to make the light bulb’s ______.
A. substance; filament B. trial; filament
C. error; substance D. statement; trial
B
A
A
A
Work in pairs. Take turns to use 3 key phrases from the lesson (e.g., start with , decide to do , refer to...as... ) to describe the scientific method or a scientist’s story. Your partner must guess which phrase you are using.
With a partner, create and perform a 1-minute role-play. One of you will be a famous scientist from the lesson (e.g., Galileo, Edison), and the other will be a reporter. Ask and answer questions about their experiments and discoveries.
Homework

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