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(共38张PPT)
The art of the brush
Unit 6
Grammar
新版牛津译林九上
know the use of the relative pronouns (who, which and that).
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to
have a general idea of defining relative clauses.
make sentences using defining relative clauses with who, which or that correctly.
Enjoy the video
A calligrapher is someone who practises the art of writing beautifully with a brush.
a great calligrapher
一位杰出的书法家
But when we need a sentence to describe someone or something, we use a relative clause (定语从句).
书法家就是那种用毛笔书写优美文字的人。
Translate the phrases and the sentence into Chinese.
We use adjectives to describe someone or something.
a beautiful painting
一幅美丽的画
The person who painted this landscape is very talented.
The painting that he was most famous for is kept in this museum.
Visit art museums which have famous pieces of calligraphy as often as possible.
请画出下列句子中的定语从句。
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。
定语从句通常置于它修饰的名词或代词之后。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
Today we’ll learn about a type of relative clause — defining relative clause.
限制性定语从句概述
1
关系代词的用法
2
注意事项
3
Defining relative clauses
这是我从图书馆借来的那本书。
② This is the book which I borrowed from the library.
③ He is the man who I saw yesterday.
① Football is a game that is liked by most boys.
限制性定语从句起限定作用，同先行词关系密切，指特定的人或物。
限制性定语从句不可省略，若去掉，内容就不完整或失去意义。
他就是我昨天见的那个人。
足球是一种深受大多数男孩喜欢的运动。
Ⅰ. 限制性定语从句概述
常见的引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有that，which，who。
飞机是一种能飞的机器。
我们需要一个适合这个工作的人。
that既可以指物，也可以指人。
他教的课不容易忘记。
1. that引导的定语从句
指物
指人
指物
在从句中作宾语，可省略。
在从句中作主语，不可省略。
在从句中作主语，不可省略。
Ⅱ. 关系代词的用法
that在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。
② We need a person that is right for the job.
③ The lessons (that) he taught were not easily forgotten.
① A plane is a machine that can fly.
2. which引导的定语从句
看看那些在飞的鸟。
他讲的故事很有趣。
which指物。
指物
在从句中作主语，不可省略。
指物
在从句中作宾语，可省略
which在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。
① Look at the birds which are flying.
② The story (which) he told was very interesting.
3. who引导的定语从句
那个站在那边的女人是我妈妈。
他就是我昨天见到的那个人。
who指人。
指人
在从句中作主语，不可省略。
指人
在从句中作宾语，可省略。
who在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。
① The woman who is standing over there is my mother.
② He is the man (who) I saw yesterday.
whom引导的定语从句
我昨天见到的那个女孩是个歌手。
你等的那位老师来了。
whom指人。
指人
在从句中作宾语，可省略。
指人
在从句中作宾语。
介词提前，
whom不能省略，不能用who代替。
whom仅作宾语，可与who互换，但更正式。
① The girl (whom/who) I saw yesterday is a singer.
② The teacher for whom you are waiting is coming.
若介词提前至关系词前，则必须用whom （不可用who）。
① The boy to whom you just talked is John.
② The boy who/whom you just talked to is John.
③ The boy to who you just talked is John.
( )
( )
( )
T
T
T
The boy who you just talked to is John.
The boy to whom you just talked is John.
更常见
更正式，但较少使用。
① This is the student whose bike was broken last week.
这就是上周自行车坏了的那个学生。
② We want a room whose window looks out over the
sea.
我们想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。
whose可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。
4. whose引导的定语从句
（whose指人，相当于the student's）
（whose指物，相当于the room's）
关系代词
先行词（人/事物）
在从句中的作用
who
whom
that
which
人、事物
事物
人
人
主语、宾语
主语、宾语
主语、宾语
宾语
只用that不用which/who的情况
先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词。
I am sure she has something that you can borrow.
先行词被all, little, much, every, no 等修饰。
I've read all the books that are not mine.
先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。
This is the first book that he has read.
Note 1
III. 使用定语从句时的注意事项
Which of the books that you borrowed from the library is the most interesting
They talked for an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
This is the very(正是的，恰好的) book that I need to buy.
先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰。
先行词是人和物的组合。
若主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为了避免重复，引导词不能再用who，which，而用that。
只用which不用that的情况
关系代词前有介词且指事物时
The earth on which we live is a planet.
先行词本身就是that时
We don't like that which he did.
Note 2
只用who不用that的情况
先行词是指人的不定代词，如：one, ones, anyone, no one等和those时。
① Anyone who laughs last laughs best.
② One who does not work hard will never
succeed.
在there be结构中，先行词指人时。
There is a young man who wants to see your father.
Note 3
Practice
Sandy is writing about some famous calligraphers. Underline the defining relative clauses in her short passage below.
P84
A1
There are many fun stories about great calligraphers who lived in ancient China. Wang Xizhi was the famous calligrapher who used to wash his brushes in a pond near his house. He washed his brushes so often that the water turned black! Yan Zhenqing was another interesting calligrapher. When he was young, his family couldn't afford the things that he needed for calligraphy. Instead, he used a bowl as an inkstone, a wall as paper and mud as ink.
Art is something that can warm our hearts.
Artists who keep working hard will create great works.
Calligraphy is a traditional art that has a long history.
Write at least three sentences about art, using defining relative clauses introduced by who, which or that.
P84
A2
The students of Sunshine Middle School are going to a museum show. Mr Wu is telling the students about the show. Sandy is taking notes. Help her rewrite each pair of sentences into one sentence, using who, which or that.
P85
B1
1. Here is a poster for the museum show. It is on 20 October.
Here is a poster for the museum show _________________ ________________________________________.
2. At the show, students will see many paintings. These paintings are very modern.
At the show, students will see many paintings ____________ __________________________________________________.
which/that is on 20 October
which/that are very modern.
P85
3. Students will learn about different forms of modern art. These may be strange to them.
Students will learn about different forms of modern art _________________________________________.
4. Several artists will attend the event. They are famous for their creativity.
Several artists ________________________________ will attend the event.
which/that may be strange to them
who/that are famous for their creativity
Sandy is talking to her mum about the museum plete their conversation with who, which or that and the expressions in the box.
P86
B2
which/that will take place at Sunshine Museum
who/that will be at the show
(which/that) I like best
who/that live in the countryside
(which/that) the artist uses to paint people
Look at the pictures below. Choose one picture and write a short paragraph about it, using defining relative clauses introduced by who, which or that. You can use the example and expressions below to help you.
P86
B3
The man who sits in the house is drinking tea.
This is a beautiful spring picture. The girl who/that is in red is picking flowers into a basket (which/that) she holds in her hand. She is standing near several trees that/which are full of pink flowers. The man who/that sits in the house is drinking tea quietly. The house which/that is by the river looks very peaceful.
The old man who/that stands in a blue boat is working near the yellow plants which/that grow by the water. There are three boats which/that are tied by the rocks on the river. Wild birds that/which fly in the sky add more life to the picture.
I. 用恰当的关系代词填空。
1. A smile is the best thing a person can wear. That is because
people like to make friends with a person ____________ is
smiling and happy.
who / that
2. In 1940, Ruan Ruoshan and Li Lin __________ were from
the first branch of the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War
University were asked to create a song to praise Yimeng
people.
who / that
牛刀小试
2. A true friend is a person ______ can help you
when you are in trouble.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
3. Tea is the leaf of a plant _______ grows widely in
China, Japan and other countries.
A. what B. who C. that
II. 单项选择。
1. It's hard to say goodbye to the teachers ______
have spent the past three years with us.
A. which B. who C. what
4. - I’ll never forget the experiences ______ we had in the
-volunteer work last summer.
- Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun.
A. when B. who C. that
5. - What kind of movies do you like best
- I like the movies _______ make me feel happy and
relaxed.
A. what B. which C. who D. /
定语从句
先行词是人
先行词是物
who/that
(在从句中作主语或宾语)
whom
(在从句中作宾语)
which/that
(在从句中作主语或宾语)
注意：不管定语从句修饰的是人还是物，如果关系词
在从句中作宾语，通常可以省略。
关系词
I. 单项选择。
( ) 1. The woman _________ lives next to me works in a bank.
A. which B. who C. what
( ) 2. The film ________ I saw last weekend was boring.
A. that B. who C. what
( ) 3. This is the skirt _______ I bought in the Centre Shopping Mall yesterday.
A. who B. when C. which
( ) 4. They talked about the people and places _______ they had visited.
A. whom B. which C. that
B
A
C
C
( ) 5. The old man has a son _______ is in the army now.
A. which B. who C. whom
( ) 6. He _________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
A. which B. who C. whom
( ) 7. I’m sorry to hear the boy ______ swam alone in the river lost his life.
A. whom B. that C. which
( ) 8. Mr. Wang likes to watch shows _______ can make him laugh.
A. who B. what C. that
B
B
B
C
II. 将下列句子合并为含有定语从句的复合句。
1. This is the girl. She was saved from the fire.
This is the girl _______________________________.
2. Anna thanked the boy. He helped her carry the box.
Anna thanked the boy ________________________ ___________________.
3. The soccer game was exciting. It was held on Tuesday.
The soccer game _____________________________ was exciting.
who / that was saved from the fire
who / that helped her carry the box
which / that was held on Tuesday
4. Some people saw the bike rider. He was hit by a soccer ball just now.
Some people saw the bike rider _________________ __________________ just now.
5. Tom finished reading the book. He borrowed it last week.
Tom finished reading the book _________________ ____________________.
who / that was hit by a soccer ball
(which / that) he borrowed last week
Do you have a general idea of defining relative clauses
Do you know the use of the relative pronouns (who, which and that)
Can you make sentences correctly using defining relative clauses with who, which or that
1. Draw a mind map about defining relative clauses.
2. Preview Integration on pages 87-90.

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