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专题一　名词
考点1　名词辨析
　　　　 　　　　 2026 2025 2025 样卷 2024 2023 2022
名词辨析 31，34，40 33，37，39 36，37 41，47，48 42，47，50 48，49
可数名词→复数 47，48 45，47 41 72，76 76 76
其他词性→名词 / / 48 / / /
分数占比 5分 5分 4分 5分 4分 3分
年份
考查点
一、可数名词及其单、复数
概念：可数名词指可以被单独计数的人或事物，有单、复数形式的变化。
1.可数名词单数变复数规则变化
情况 构成方法 示例
一般情况 加-s job→jobs　　school→schools　 note→notes
goal→goals　 friend→friends　 parent→parents
情况 构成方法 示例
以字母s，x，ch，sh等结尾的词 加-es bus→buses class→classes　box→boxes
match→matches watch→watches
brush→brushes
特殊记：stomach→stomachs
续表
情况 构成方法 示例
以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i， 再加-es party→parties　baby→babies　
study→studies
story→stories　family→families
factory→factories
部分以f/fe结尾的词 变f/fe为v， 再加-es wife→wives knife→knives wolf→wolves
thief→thieves shelf→shelves self→selves
life→lives half→halves leaf→leaves
续表
情况 构成方法 示例
部分以o 结尾的词 有生命的＋-es hero→heroes　　 tomato→tomatoes　　
potato→potatoes
无生命的＋-s photo→photos　　piano→pianos　　
zoo→zoos
续表
2.可数名词单数变复数不规则变化
构成方法 示例
元音字母 发生变化 改a为e型 man→men　　　woman→women
特殊记：human→humans　
German→Germans
改oo为ee型 foot→feet　　tooth→teeth
构成方法 示例
单复数同形 sheep→sheep　　deer→deer
表示 “…… 国人” 单复数同形 中日永不变：Chinese→Chinese　　
Japanese→Japanese
变man为men 英法a变e：Englishman→Englishmen　　
Frenchman→Frenchmen
词尾加-s 其余s加后面：German→Germans　　
American→Americans
其他特殊形式 child→children　　mouse→mice
续表
3.复合名词变复数
类型 变化规则 示例
名词＋名词 只把后面的中心名词变复数，前面名词保持单数 apple tree→apple trees　　
shoe shop→shoe shops
girl student→girl students
man/woman＋职业名词 前后两个单词都要变成复数 man doctor→men doctors
woman teacher→women teachers
类型 变化规则 示例
带连字符的复合词(一般人物为中心词) 把中心名词变为复数 passer-by(路人)→passers-by
looker-on(旁观者)→lookers-on
无中心词的复合词 在最后一个词尾加-s grown-up(成年人)→grown-ups
go-between(中间人)→go-betweens
续表
(1)“数词＋名词(＋形容词)”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式。如：five-year-old，five-pound，100-meter。
(2)有些名词常以复数形式出现，如：trousers，socks，gloves，glasses，shoes等。表达其具体数量时借助pair一词，如：a pair of trousers一条裤子，two pairs of gloves三双手套。
4.集体名词的单、复数
(1)有些集体名词没有形式变化，但表示复数意义；作主语时，谓语动词用复数。这样的词有people，police等。如：
The police are looking for the boy.
(2)有些集体名词可用单数也可用复数。侧重整体概念，表示单数意义，作主语时谓语动词用单数。若表示多个这样的整体，有复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用复数；侧重整体中的成员，表示复数意义，作主语时谓语动词用复数。这样的词有family，team，group，class，government等。如：
The class is made up of 42 students.(班级整体)
The class are preparing for the coming sports meeting.(具体的成员)
二、不可数名词
概念：无法用数目计算的物质名词和抽象名词。
不可数名词数量的表示
具体的量 数词/a/an＋表示量的可数名词＋of＋不可数名词，如：two pieces of paper
大概的量 表示数量的限定词(some，much，a little/little，a lot of/lots of，plenty of等)＋不可数名词，如：some water，a little money
不可数名词转化为可数名词
(1)抽象名词表示具体的事时也可数。如：The party is a big success.
(2)表示“一场/段/件/种……”时，要用a或an，此时多用形容词或of短语修饰，如：a heavy snow，a long time。
(3)有些不可数名词，无论在什么情况下都不可以转化为可数名词，如：advice，fun，homework，information，news，progress等。
三、可数名词与不可数名词的区别
1.数的区别：可数名词可以用数目计算，有单数和复数之分；不可数名词不可以用数目计算，一般没有复数形式。
2.冠词的使用：表泛指的可数名词单数前面用不定冠词a/an；不可数名词前不能直接加a/an。
3.数量的表达：可数名词可以直接加数词；不可数名词必须借助pair，bottle，cup等量词来表示数量。
4.与谓语动词的关系：可数名词单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但不可数名词前有表示复数的单位词修饰时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
5.修饰语的区别
可数名词前
a/an一个 this/that这个/那个 these/those这些/那些
every/each 每个 another另一个 any other其他任何一个
many 很多 a number of许多 several几个　　
quite a few相当多 few几乎没有 a few一些；几个
hundreds of数百个
不可数名词前
this/that 这个/那个 little几乎没有 a little少量 a bit of有一点儿
much许多 a great deal of大量 a large amount of大量
既可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词
some一些 any一些，任何 a lot of/lots of很多　　
plenty of大量的 most大多数 all全部的　　
the rest of剩余的 enough 足够的
续表
6.提问方式的区别
对可数名词的数量提问用how many；对不可数名词的数量提问用how much；对不可数名词前的单位词的数量提问用how many。如：
How many books do you have？你有多少本书？
How much bread do you need？你需要多少面包？
How many glasses of water do you want？ 你想要多少杯水？
有一些名词既可以作可数名词，也可以作不可数名词，但含义不同，常见的有：
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
chicken 鸡 鸡肉 orange 橙子 橙汁；橙色
exercise 习题；练习；一套动作 锻炼 radio 收音机 无线电传送
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
experience 经历 经验 room 房间 空间
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 time 次数；倍数 时间
life 寿命；个人生活 生物 wood 树林 木头；木材
light 电灯 光；光线 work 作品 工作
续表
Ⅰ.短文填空 基础题
1.(2026凉山)Don’t talk so loudly.You’re supposed to mind your ___________ (manner) to keep your voice down in public.
2.(2026天水)Do you know that many popular __________ (movie) are based on books？
3.(2026泸州改编)The wonderful music festival has brought tons of _________ (visitor) to Luzhou.
manners
movies
visitors
4.(2026安徽改编)As the saying goes，don’t put all your ________ (egg) in one basket.
5.Jane put on her _________ (glass) to see the blackboard clearly.
6.This beautiful picture is made of grass，_________ (leaf) and flowers.
7.People always regard those who risk their lives to save others as national _________ (hero).
eggs
glasses
leaves
heroes
8.In our club，we practise writing and giving several short __________ (speech).
9.There are many different kinds of _____________ (dictionary) in the library.
10.There are some ________ (sheep) eating grass on the hill near our village.
speeches
dictionaries
sheep
11.Many foreigners came to our school last week，including three ___________ (German).
12.We are really thankful to local elders who share a lot of ancient ________ (story) with us.
13.Two ____________ (policeman) came to our school and gave us a talk about traffic rules.
Germans
stories
policemen
14.It’s a good habit for us to go to the dentist every six months to have our _______ (tooth) examined.
15.The mountain views were so beautiful that we took quite a lot of _________ (photo) on the top of the mountain.
teeth
photos
Ⅱ.(2026天津改编)完形填空
　　William was a clever boy in a small village.His family grew food on the 　1　 and worked very hard.For a long time there was no 　2　，so food wasn’t growing.His parents couldn’t pay for his
　3　.However，it didn’t stop him from learning at all.
(　　)1.A.farm B.table C.shelf　 D.beach
(　　)2.A.wind B.cloud C.rain　　 D.star
(　　)3.A.game B.study C.time　　 D.room
A
C
B
　　As a young 　4　，he was crazy about reading and wanted to know new things all the time.To help him with his study，the community gave him some 　5　.And he also went to the 　6　 a lot.
From books，he learned how to repair clocks，bikes and other things.Then he got the 　7　 of helping people in his village.He soon managed to collect different 　8　 of tools and began to repair things for the villagers in his free time.He always told people that it was his own way to repay(报答) the village.He was only fifteen that year.
(　　)4.A.father B.mother C.girl　 D.boy
(　　)5.A.books B.toys C.clothes　 D.bags
(　　)6.A.market B.cinema　 C.library　 D.zoo
(　　)7.A.promise B.idea　 C.advice　 D.offer
(　　)8.A.groups B.prices　 C.colours　 D.kinds
D
A
C
B
D
　　His 　9　 spread fast.More and more people knew about this kind boy and came to support(帮助) him.A few years later，he entered his dream college.During his college life，William set up a Repair Club.Many 　10　 worked together with him and their love and kindness continued.
(　　)9.A.story B.news C.message D.height
(　　)10.A.farmers B.workers C.students D.professors
A
C
Ⅲ.短文填空 微语篇
　　Meimei is an active girl from a village far away from the city.It has been several 1._________ (month) since she moved to the city.Now she goes to the local junior high school.Although the students here are warm and friendly，she still has some 2.__________ (difficulty) at school，especially in English learning.She just sat in silence in English 3.________ (class) at first.
months
difficulties
classes
She refused to do group work，only watching others without a word.Soon the teacher found this and asked her the reason.Meimei told the teacher what she thought.She hadn’t learned any foreign languages before.She was shy about speaking English because she was afraid of making 4._________ (mistake).Another reason was that she thought she would not have chances to go to other 5.__________ (country).
mistakes
countries
The teacher explained why it was necessary to learn English.
English is a good tool to know about the outside world.The teacher also advised her to improve her English by getting to know the textbooks and watching some interesting English 6._______ (video).
She studied hard from then on.Now Meimei can pronounce most English 7._______ (word) properly.The teacher is pleased with her change.She hopes that Meimei can make much more progress.
videos
words
考点2　专有名词
概念：专有名词主要指表示人、国家、地方、机构、组织等专有名称的词。专有名词的第一个字母一般要大写，但其中的虚词，如定冠词the、介词of等的首字母一般不需要大写。专有名词大致分为以下几类：
1.人名、头衔、月份、星期、节日名称。如：
Dr Green格林博士　　 Professor Frank 弗兰克教授　　
July七月 Monday星期一　　
New Year’s Day新年　　 Women’s Day妇女节
2.国名、地名、团体、机构名称。如：
the United Nations联合国　　 the Great Wall长城
the University of Oxford 牛津大学　　 Beijing北京
Class Two，Grade Eight八年级二班　　
the UNESCO联合国教科文组织
3.报纸、杂志、书名、歌曲名、标题名称(注意斜体的使
用)。如：
The New York Times 《纽约时报》　　
Beijing Morning Post 《北京晨报》
Little Women 《小妇人》　　
My Heart Will Go On 《我心永恒》
考点3　名词所有格
(1)基数词＋连字符＋可数名词单数，相当于“基数词＋名词所有格”。如：a two-day trip＝a two days’ trip两天的旅行。
(2)在表示“店铺”“某某家”“诊所”“办公室”等建筑的所属关系时，一般省去被修饰的表示地点的名词。如：at the doctor’s在诊所里；go to my uncle’s去我叔叔家。
(3)很多节日的表达用-’s或-s’所有格形式。如：Teachers’ Day教师节；Father’s Day父亲节。
短文填空 基础题
1.I can’t find my pen.Can I use ________ (you) for a moment？
2.The library is only five ________ (minute) walk from our school.
3.The new bike over there isn’t mine.It’s my _____________ (neighbor).
yours
minutes’
neighbor’s
4.All the ____________ (student) homework must be handed in before Friday.
5.The __________ (woman) handbags are all on the table near the window.
6.We had a great time at my _________ (cousin) birthday party last night.
students’
women’s
cousin’s
7.Most of the _____________ (villager) living conditions have greatly changed in recent years.
8.Alice’s and __________ (Lily) mothers can’t go to the meeting，because they have gone to New York on business.
villagers’
Lily’s
　　河北短文填空中名词主要考查：①可数名词单数→复数(5年9考)；②其他词性→名词(2025年样卷考查1次感叹词变名词)。考生可用以下方法解题：
【短文填空】解题技巧1　名词
(1)可数名词单数→复数
适用情况 示例
1.some/many/these/those/a lot of/ lots of/different/all/several/a few/ hundreds of/…＋可数名词复数(2026.47，48，2025样卷.41，2024.72，76，2023.76，2022.76) many mistakes (mistake)　　
different ideas (idea)
all my plants (plant)　　
hundreds of tourists (tourist)
适用情况 示例
2.a pair of/a couple of/a (great/large) number of/all kinds of/quite a few＋可数名词复数 a pair of shoes (shoe)　　
a number of reasons (reason)
3.大于1的基数词＋可数名词复数(2025.47) twelve months (month)　　
five minutes (minute)
续表
适用情况 示例
4.one of (＋the＋形容词最高级)＋可数名词复数 one of the best movies (movie)
5.可数名词复数＋are/were/动词原形 Pandas (panda) are cute.
6.可数名词复数＋and＋可数名词复数 books (book) and magazines
续表
适用情况 示例
7.结合上下文语境判断 We usually play games (game) on Saturday mornings.
8.句中有指示填复数的代词 They became friends (friend).
9.根据生活常识判断 shorts，scissors，socks
10.用在固定短语或固定搭配中(2025.45) take turns (turn) to do sth
take notes (note)　　　
do eye exercises (exercise)
续表
(2)其他词性→名词
适用情况 示例
1.冠词 a/an/the＋名词(2025样卷.48) a manager (manage)
2.形容词性物主代词/形容词＋名词 Your friendship (friend) is very important to me.
the most useful invention (invent)
3.名词＋谓语动词/系动词/情态动词 Artists (art) are talented.
河北5年真题练
1.(2026河北47题节选)The guide shared several interesting ______ (story) about ceramics with us.
2.(2026河北48题节选)The guide said，“Cizhou ceramics(陶瓷制品) often had pictures of many _________ (flower) and daily activities on them.”
stories
flowers
3.(2025河北45题节选)Many good things happen in a year.At the end of the year，we get together to empty the “Good Things Jug”.We take _______ (turn) to read the “Good Things” aloud.
4.(2025河北47题节选)Over the past twelve _________ (month)，there have been many difficult things in our family.
5.(2025河北样卷41题节选)It is fun to do housework！ My sister Lucy and I always help with different _______ (job) at home.
turns
months
jobs
6.(2025河北样卷48题节选)Lucy is setting the table.And after dinner she will do the dishes.She thinks it is a __________ (please) to make a little change.
7.(2024河北72题节选)The Lin family has a son and a daughter，Lin Ming and Lin Fang.They study in different ________ (school).
8.(2024河北76题节选)Lin Ming stood at the school gate and waited for his sister.Several minutes later，many ________ (child) walked out in a line.
pleasure
schools
children
9.(2023河北76题节选)Wow！ I like those bright ______ (color)！ That’s great！
10.(2022河北76题节选)Mrs.Zhang plants different ______ (kind) of beautiful flowers in her garden.
colors
kinds
拓展提升练
Ⅰ.短文填空 基础题
1.(2026扬州)Even a short daily bike ride is good for your health and ________ (weigh).
2.For those with sleeping problems，biking is a good ________ (choose).
weight
choice
3.Cows have four ___________ (stomach) while humans have only one.
4.A lot of ______________ (activity) will be organized during Environment Week.
5.When eating Western food，people normally use __________ (knife) and forks.
stomachs
activities
knives
6.Ann prepares _______________ (sandwich) and popcorn for the movie party.
7.Living in cities has several ___________ (advantage)，including convenient transport and better education.
8.My grandfather was one of the best ___________ (performer) in our city in the 1980s.
sandwiches
advantages
performers
9.After a week of hard work，Angela made three short ________ (video) about the program.
10.The ___________ (invent) of the internet has changed the way we communicate and get information.
11.My parents and I plan to go to the farm to pick some
_____________ (strawberry).
videos
invention
strawberries
12.For your own _________ (safe)，remember to look both ways before crossing the street.
13.There are many different ______ (style) of music in the world，such as pop，rock and jazz.
14.Our head teacher always told us to think twice before making a __________ (decide).
15.Make sure you don’t miss any important points while taking _______ (note) at the meeting.
safety
styles
decision
notes
Ⅱ.短文填空
　　Last weekend，our school held a charity sale.Some students brought things related to their 1.__________ (hobby)，like model cars from those who loved building models.I brought some old books and 2._____ (toy) that I no longer used.My friend Lily made a sign that said，“Buy a gift，help a child.” To our joy，the old things were sold out quickly.Our 3._________ (teach)，Mr Zhang said the sale was a success.He took several photos of our busy stands and happy 4.________ (face).
hobbies
toys
teacher
faces
　　So far，we have raised over 2，000 yuan for the 5.________ (child) in poor areas.It’s a great 6.__________ (please) to see everyone’s kindness.Next month，we would visit two village 7.__________ (school).We planned to bring the money and some 8._______ (book).Mr Zhang reminded us not to forget to prepare some small 9._______ (gift).We decided to buy some warm 10.________ (glove)，cute socks，and delicious candies for them.In order to protect the books from getting wet，
children
pleasure
schools
books
gifts
gloves
we packed them in several strong 11.________ (box).On the third day of our 12._____________ (prepare)，we found an old photo album (相册).Inside were 13.__________ (picture) of fallen leaves and smiling faces.We wrote some warm words and 14.________ (wish) on each page，looking forward to seeing them soon.The activity may end quickly，but the 15.__________ (memory) of helping others will last long.
boxes
preparation
pictures
wishes
memories

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