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动词和动词短语
　 年份 考查点　　 2026 2025 2025样卷 2024 2023 2022
动词辨析 35，37 31，34，35 31，33，38 42，46，50 43，44，49 41，43，45，50
动词短语辨析 32 36 35 49 36 34
动词短语盲填介词 44 / / 74 79 /
分数占比 4分 4分 4分 5分 5分 5分
一、动词的基本形式
1.动词第三人称单数
情况 变化规则 示例
一般情况 加-s help→helps　improve→improves
情况 变化规则 示例
以s，x，ch，sh，o结尾 加-es guess→guesses　fix→fixes　　
teach→teaches　wash→washes　
go→goes
以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i，再加-es fly→flies　study→studies
续表
2.动词-ing形式(现在分词/动名词)
情况 变化规则 示例
一般情况 加-ing read→reading　　feel→feeling
以不发音的字母e结尾 去e，再加-ing live→living　　write→writing
以ie结尾的单音节词 变ie为y，再加-ing die→dying　　lie→lying
情况 变化规则 示例
以“辅-元-辅” 结尾的重读闭音节词 双写该辅音 字母，再加-ing plan→planning　　run→running
put→putting
续表
3.动词过去式/过去分词
情况 变化规则 示例
一般情况 加-ed help→helped/helped　　walk→walked/walked
以不发音的字母e结尾 加-d live→lived/lived　　promise→promised/promised
情况 变化规则 示例
以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i，再加-ed try→tried/tried　　carry→carried/carried
以“辅-元-辅” 结尾的重读闭音节词 双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped/stopped　　hug→hugged/hugged
续表
4.不规则动词变化
(1)AAA型
原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义
cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 切；割
hit hit hit 撞；击 hurt hurt hurt 受伤
let let let 让 put put put 放
read read read 读 set set set 设置
shut shut shut 关闭 spread spread spread 传播
(2)ABA型
原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义
become became become 成为 come came come 来
run ran run 跑 / / / /
(3)ABB型
原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义
bring brought brought 带来 build built built 建造
buy bought bought 买 catch caught caught 捉；抓
deal dealt dealt 处理 dig dug dug 挖；凿
feed fed fed 喂养 feel felt felt 感到
fight fought fought 打架 find found found 发现
原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义
get got got 得到 hang hung hung 悬挂
have had had 有 hear heard heard 听见
keep kept kept 保持 lay laid laid 放置；下蛋
lead led led 导致 leave left left 离开
lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 丢失
续表
原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义
make made made 制造 mean meant meant 意思是
meet met met 遇到 pay paid paid 付钱
say said said 说 sell sold sold 卖
send sent sent 送；寄 shine shone shone 发光；照耀
sit sat sat 坐 sleep slept slept 睡
续表
原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义
spend spent spent 花费 stand stood stood 站
stick stuck stuck 粘贴；插入 teach taught taught 教
tell told told 告诉 think thought thought 想；认为
understand understood understood 理解 win won won 赢
续表
(4)ABC型
①原形→ew→own
原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义
blow blew blown 吹 fly flew flown 飞
grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道
②i→a→u
原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义
begin began begun 开始 drink drank drunk 喝
ring rang rung 打电话 sing sang sung 唱
swim swam swum 游泳 / / / /
③原形→过去式→过去式＋-n/过去式去掉字母e＋-n/过去式双写末尾字母＋-en
原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义
awake awoke awoken (使)醒来 break broke broken 破；裂；碎
choose chose chosen 选择 forget forgot forgotten 忘记
freeze froze frozen 结冰 speak spoke spoken 说
hide hid hidden 藏 steal stole stolen 偷
wake woke woken 醒来 wear wore worn 穿
④原形→过去式→原形＋-(e)n
原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义
draw drew drawn 画 drive drove driven 开车
eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下
give gave given 给 mistake mistook mistaken 误会
rise rose risen 升起；增加 see saw seen 看见
shake shook shaken 摇动；抖动 show showed shown 表明；表示
take took taken 买下；拿；取 throw threw thrown 扔掉
(5)有两种形式
原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义
burn burned/ burnt burned/ burnt 燃烧 dream dreamed/ dreamt dreamed/ dreamt 做梦；
梦想
learn learned/ learnt learned/ learnt 学 lie lied lied 说谎
lay lain 躺；
位于
原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义
light lighted/lit lighted/lit 照亮；点燃 smell smelled/ smelt smelled/ smelt 闻
spell spelled/ spelt spelled/ spelt 拼写 / / / /
续表
(6)其他形式
原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义
be(am，is，are) was，were been 是 bear bore borne 生(孩子)；
忍受
beat beat beaten 敲打；打败 do did done 做
go went gone 去；走 ride rode ridden 骑
write wrote written 写 can could / 能；会
may might / 也许；可能 must must / 必须
shall should / 将要 will would / 将要；会
二、实义动词：指本身具有完整、实在的意义，能够独立充当谓语，用来表示动作、行为或状态的动词。
类别 用法和结构 示例
及物动词 用法：本身意义不完整，必须接宾语句子意思才完整；可接单宾语、双宾语或复合宾语； 有被动语态。 结构：主语＋及物动词＋宾语 I like this song.(单宾语)
I bought my father a pen.(双宾语)
We consider him an honest boy.(复合宾语)
类别 用法和结构 示例
不及 物动词 用法：本身意义完整，无需接宾语；不能用于被动语态；如需接宾语，须先加介词(此时动词＋介词整体相当于及物动词，可接宾语)。 结构：①主语＋不及物动词； ②主语＋不及物动词＋介词＋宾语 I will arrive soon.(无
宾语)
I will arrive in your city soon.(加介词后接宾语)
Jason is looking at the blackboard.(加介词后接宾语)
续表
类别 用法和结构 示例
兼类动词 (及物动词&不及物动词) 用法：同一动词在不同语境中既可作及物动词(接宾语，有被动)也可作不及物动词(不接宾语，无被动)，意义可能相同或不同。 结构：见上述两种结构 We won.(不及物，无宾语)
We won the game.(及物，接宾语)
The door opened.(不及物，无宾语)
Dave opened the door.(及物，接宾语)
续表
三、系动词：本身有一定意义，但不能独立作谓语，必须后接表语一起构成谓语，用来说明主语的身份、性质、状态或特征。
类别 例词 结构 示例
“状态”类 be(am/is/are/was/were) 主语＋系动词＋表语(名词/形容词/介词短语/不定式等) My sister is tall.
We are in the classroom.
“感官”类 look，sound，smell，taste，feel The fish smells delicious.
You look beautiful today.
类别 例词 结构 示例
“变化”类 become，get，turn，fall，go，grow 主语＋系动词＋表语(名词/形容词/介词短语/不定式等) It gets dark earlier in winter.
Jack became a doctor after years of study.
The milk went sour.
“持续”类 keep，remain，stay，continue Doing exercise can help us keep healthy.
They stayed friends for years.
“表象”类 seem，appear，prove The man seems tired.
Tom appears to be honest.
续表
四、助动词：本身无词汇意义(或意义不完整)，不能独立作谓语，必须与实义动词一起构成谓语，帮助表示时态、语态、语气、否定或疑问等语法功能。
类别 用法和结构 示例
be(am/is/are/was/were) ①构成进行时态(be＋现在分词) ②构成被动语态(be＋过去分词) They are doing their homework.
The homework was done by them.
类别 用法和结构 示例
do(does/did) ①构成否定句(do/does/did＋not＋动词原形) ②构成疑问句(Do/Does/Did＋主语＋动词原形？) ③加强语气(表示“确实/的确”，用于肯定句) ④代替上文已出现的实义动词(避免重复) They didn’t finish their homework.
Does she like coffee？
I do believe you.
Lily runs faster than I do.
续表
类别 用法和结构 示例
have(has/had) 构成完成时态(have/ has＋过去分词) They haven’t finished their homework yet.
will/shall 构成一般将来时(will/ shall＋动词原形) They will finish their homework on time.
I shall never forget this day.
续表
五、情态动词【详细讲解见本专题考点2】
六、动词短语：指由动词与介词、副词或名词等搭配组合而成，表示一个完整意义的固定短语，其功能相当于一个动词。
1.常见动词短语的用法
结构 用法 示例
1.“动词＋介词(如at，for，to，on，of，about等)”型 宾语只能放在介词后面，不可拆开 look for it
结构 用法 示例
2.“动词＋副词(如up，down，on，off，out，away，back，over等)”型 ①代词宾语必须放中间 ②名词宾语可放在副词前 或后 turn it off
turn off the TV
turn the TV off
3.“动词＋副词＋介词(如up with，forward to，out of，along with等)”型 宾语只能放在介词后面，不可拆分 【注意】look forward to中的to是介词，后接名词/动名词 put up with it
look forward to seeing you
续表
结构 用法 示例
4.“动词＋名词＋介词”型 ①宾语只能放在介词后面，不可拆分 ②名词前可加形容词修饰 take care of her
take good care of
续表
2.常见动词短语举例
“动词＋介词”型
wait for等候；等待(2026.44，2025.36，2024.74)
learn from向……学习(2023.79)
look after 照顾；照料 look at看 look for寻找
look like看起来像 care about关心；在乎
care for照顾；喜欢 hear about听说
hear from收到……的来信 think about考虑；思考
“动词＋介词”型
talk about谈论 ask for请求；要
pay for为……付款 belong to属于
fight for为……而战/争取 get to到达
agree with同意…… happen to发生于；使遭遇
deal with处理；应对 dream of梦想；梦见
believe in相信；信仰 depend on依靠；取决于
arrive in/at到达(大地点/小地点)
续表
“动词＋副词”型
get up起床(2026.32) think over仔细考虑(2025样卷.35)　　
give up 放弃(2024.49)
put up搭起；举起；张贴(海报)(2023.36)
try on试穿(2022.34) put off推迟
put out熄灭；出版 put down放下；镇压；记下
put away收好；放好 put on穿上；上演
turn down调低；拒绝
续表
“动词＋副词”型
turn on打开(开关) turn off关闭(开关)　　
turn up调高；出现 take off脱下；起飞　　
take out取出；拿出 take away带走；拿走
take down记下；取下 take up占据(时间/空间)；开始从事
look out当心；向外看 look up查阅；向上看；好转　　
grow up 成长；长大
续表
“动词＋副词”型
give away赠送；泄露 cut down砍倒；削减
cut off切断；中断 call back回电话
call up打电话给 get back回来；取回
go back回去 go out外出；熄灭
cheer up使高兴起来；振作 climb up爬上
eat up吃光 hurry up赶快
续表
“动词＋副词”型
open up打开；开放 pick up捡起；接人；学会　　
set up建立；设立 stand up站起来　　
stay up熬夜　 wake up醒来；叫醒
dress up打扮；盛装　 clean up打扫干净　　
break down出故障；分解 fall down倒下；跌倒　　
sit down坐下　 blow out吹灭
come out出来；出版；结果是　　 find out查明；弄清楚　　
hand out分发
续表
“动词＋副词”型
work out解决；锻炼 run away逃跑　　
throw away扔掉 wash away冲走　　
bring back带回；使回忆起　　 pay back偿还；报复
hold on稍等；坚持　　 move on继续前进
续表
“动词＋副词＋介词”型
get/stay/keep away from远离 get along/on with与……相处　　
catch/keep up with赶上 look down on/upon看不起；轻视
look up to尊敬；仰慕 add up to合计达；意味着
come up with想出(主意)；提出 go on with继续做　　
run out of用完；耗尽 talk back to顶嘴；反驳
续表
“动词＋名词＋介词”型
have a look at看一看 have fun with和……玩得开心　　
pay attention to注意
make a difference to对……有影响/起重要作用　　
make friends with与……交朋友
take care of照顾　　 take part in参加　　
take pride in以……为自豪 take the place of代替　　
give an example of举……的例子　　
play a role in在……中起作用
续表
河北5年真题练
1.(2023河北36题)We are supposed to ________ our hand before we speak in class.
A.put up B.put out
C.put down D.put away
A
2.(2022河北34题)—Michael，________ this shirt.
—Oh，it looks nice on me！
A.try on B.put down
C.take off D.throw away
A
拓展提升练
Ⅰ.短文填空 基础题
1.(2026天津改编)Dr Bethune worked for 69 hours without resting or taking care ______ himself.
2.(2026绥化改编)He had to give ______ the chance to take a holiday because of an unexpected task.
of
up
3.(2026天水改编)Your learning achievements depend _____ good learning methods and attitudes.
4.(2026广元改编)Take _______ the wet clothes，or you’ll catch a cold.
5.I really need to take more exercise because I’m putting ______ weight.
6.Once you make a decision，stick ____ it.Never give up halfway easily.
on
off
on
to
7.Children often look up ______ heroes.They want to be brave and kind like them.
8.Please pick ______ the litter on the ground.Then our classroom will be clean and tidy.
9.Some animals suffer ______ hunger on cold days.It is hard for them to find enough food.
10.Mary cares a lot about others’ feelings，so she always gets along ______ everyone around her.
to
up
from
with
11.(2026北京改编)The “Reading Beijing” event _______(draw) thousands of students every year.
12.(2026眉山改编)I ____(lose) my notebook yesterday.I checked everywhere but didn’t find it.
13.Let’s remember the important people who helped and __________
(support) us in our lives.
draws
lost
supported
14.My brother __________ (study) English every evening to pass his coming language test.
15.Mr White __________ (teach) children how to stay safe during emergencies like fires or earthquakes.
studies
teaches
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　Last term，when Li Wei was a new student，he noticed that many others often got lost.They walked around with confused looks and tried to 　1　 their classrooms.Li Wei also remembered how nervous he felt.So he 　2　 to do something to help the next group of new students.
(　　)1.A.find B.clean C.leave D.share
(　　)2.A.forgot B.refused C.afforded D.decided
A
D
　　He 　3　 making a simple map of the school.He collected old cardboard boxes from the recycling bin and 　4　 them to build a 3D model of the school.He painted the buildings in bright colors and 　5　 small flags to mark different places，such as the library，the gym and classroom buildings.
(　　)3.A.thought of B.gave up C.kept on D.felt like
(　　)4.A.used B.lent C.sold D.sent
(　　)5.A.tied B.hid C.pulled D.added
A
A
D
　　The project 　6　 him two weeks.His friends thought he was spending too much time on it.However，Li Wei never 　7　.
Finally，he put the model at the school gate.On the first day of the new term，many new students stopped to 　8　 the model.“This is so helpful！” one boy said.“Now I know where to go.”
(　　)6.A.paid B.took C.spent D.got
(　　)7.A.woke up B.grew up C.stood up D.gave up
(　　)8.A.wait for B.search for C.look at D.take in
B
D
C
　　The head teacher saw the model and was very impressed (印象深刻的).She asked Li Wei to 　9　 his work at the school assembly (晨会).
　　Later，the school 　10　 the model and placed it in the front hall.Li Wei felt so proud.He learned that a small act of kindness can grow into something big.
(　　)9.A.stop B.show C.check D.fix
(　　)10.A.threw B.touched C.bought D.copied
B
C
Ⅲ.(2026广西改编)短文填空 微语篇
　　My interest in the lion dance began in my childhood.My village 1._____ (hold) a lively lion dance performance every Spring Festival.So I got a lot of chances to watch the dancers practise.In my eyes，the lion dancers in costumes (表演服) 2.______(be) powerful and full of courage.I 3._______ (wish) to be one of them one day.Later，when the lion dance team was looking 4.____ new members，I asked to join the team without a second thought.And finally，I made it！
held
were
wished
for
　　A lion dance 5._______ (need) two dancers—one for the head and the other for the tail.My partner and I should move as one.We practised every day，and learned to work well with each other and show the spirit of the lion—being brave and strong.
needs
　　Though my partner and I prepared 6._____ every performance carefully，accidents happened sometimes.Once in a performance，when we 7.________ (stand) on stacked (堆叠的) tables，my partner suddenly lost his balance and we fell 8.______.We both got hurt but we tried our best to keep on performing.
for
stood
down
The lion’s spirit gave us the courage to complete the show.At the end of the show，our efforts 9.__________ (bring) us applause (掌声) from everyone.
　　The lion dance 10.________ (help) build up my body，and the lion’s spirit encourages me all the time.
brought
helps

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