资源简介

(共43张PPT)
主谓一致
　　主谓一致指句子的谓语动词与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。主谓一致要遵循三个基本原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则
主语 谓语 示例
不可数名词、可数名词单数及第三人称单数 单数 A girl is singing in the classroom.
either，neither，each，every或no＋可数名词单数 单数 Every student is ready for the exam.
复合不定代词 单数 Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
主语 谓语 示例
可数名词复数、人称代词复数及第二人称you 复数 Two girls are singing in the classroom.
and或both … and …连接的名词/代词 复数 Both Jenny and Kate are my friends.
续表
主语 谓语 示例
主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，including等词 取决于前一个主语的数 He as well as his parents wants to go to the museum to spend the weekend.
续表
主语 谓语 示例
单个动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句 单数 Speaking English with Liz helps me improve my spoken English.
one of＋可数名词复数/复数代词 单数 One of the boys has a basketball.
续表
主语 谓语 示例
a number of＋可数名词复数，表示“许多……” 复数 A number of students have finished reading this book.
the number of＋可数名词复数，表示“……的数量” 单数 The number of the students who have finished reading the book is 30.
续表
二、意义一致原则
主语 谓语 示例
集体名词，如family，class，team，group等 若作为一个整体，谓语动词要用单数；若强调其中的成员，谓语动词要用复数 My family is a happy one.我的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。
My family are watching TV together now.我们全家人现在正在一起看电视。
主语 谓语 示例
集合名词，如people，police等 复数 The police are trying their best to find out the truth of the accident.
表示重量、时间、长度、价格等的词或短语 单数 Twenty minutes is enough for me to finish the task.
续表
主语 谓语 示例
the＋姓氏复数/the＋姓氏＋family，表示“……一家；……夫妇” 复数 The Greens are glad to live in Shijiazhuang.
the＋形容词，表示一类人 复数 The young are usually glad to help others.
续表
(1)chopsticks，glasses，scissors，trousers，clothes，shoes等词一般以复数形式出现，作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式，但是这些词若被a pair of修饰，谓语动词则用单数形式。
(2)“this/that kind of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数； “many kinds of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
(3)表示数量的词汇(a lot，most，分数，百分数，the rest等)＋of＋可数名词复数/不可数名词，谓语动词与其后所接的词的数保持一致。
(4)由and连接的两个名词指不同的人时，谓语动词用复数形式(语法一致)；由and连接的两个名词指同一个人时(即and后无冠词)，谓语动词用单数形式(意义一致)。
三、就近一致原则
主语 谓语 示例
由either …or …，neither … nor …，not only …but(also) …，not … but … 或or连接的两个并列主语 谓语动词和距其最近的主语在数上保持一致 Neither Jim nor his parents are coming to this party.
主语 谓语 示例
There be …和 Here be … (2025.48)这两个句式中 be动词常与距其最近的主语在数上保持一致 There is a school and several restaurants near the park.
续表
河北5年真题练
(2025河北48题节选)Noticing the “Good Things” has helped us go through the hard time.Here ______ (be) a few things from the “Good Things Jug”.
are
拓展提升练
短文填空 基础
1.(2026天水改编)Every time I was upset，there ________ (be) always my parents comforting me.
2.Not only my brother but also I _____ (be) good at painting.
3.Using public chopsticks ______ (be) necessary when eating with others.
were
am
is
4.The Earth，as well as the other planets，_______ (go) around the Sun.
5.The number of the famous paintings in the museum _____ (be) over 200.
6.Look！ Julia as well as her sisters _____ (be) flying a kite on the playground.
goes
is
is
7.Look at the CDs here.My sister with me _________ (prefer) folk music to pop music.
8.Both Ms Green and Mr Smith ______ (be) humorous.They are popular among the students.
9.For students，ten minutes of rest between classes ____ (be) very necessary for their health.
prefers
are
is
10.The giant panda baby _______ (weigh) about 100 grams at birth and is loved by many people.
11.Nothing ________ (make) us happier than to change waste into useful things and help protect our home.
12.Three fifths of the land in our hometown ______ (be) covered with trees.You can come over on vacation in summer.
weighs
makes
is
【短文填空】解题技巧2　动词
　　河北短文填空中动词主要考查：①动词原形→第三人称单数(5年2考)；②动词原形→过去式(5年8考)；③动词原形→will＋动词原形(5年2考)；④动词原形→am/is/are＋动词-ing(5年2考)；⑤动词原形→was/were＋动词-ing；⑥动词原形→have/has＋动词过去分词；⑦动词原形→am/is/are/was/were＋动词过去分词(5年3考)；⑧动词原形→动词不定式(5年3考)。考生可用以下方法解题：
(1)动词原形→第三人称单数
适用情况 示例
句子时态为一般现在时 1.“不可数名词”作主语 Light comes (come) from the sun.
2.“a/an/the/one＋可数名词单数”作主语 A book is (be) on the table.
3.“he/she/it/this/that”作主语 She teaches (teach) English.
适用情况 示例
句子时态为一般现在时 4.“单个人名、地名、国家、城市”作主语 John studies (study) hard for his exams.
5.“复合不定代词(every系列、some系列、any系列、no系列)/疑问代词”作主语 Nothing is (be) impossible if you try.
6.“单个非谓语动词［动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)］”作主语 Eating too much sugar is (be) bad for health.
续表
适用情况 示例
句子时态为一般现在时 7.“the number of …”作主语 The number of students in our class is (be) 30.
8.“one of＋可数名词复数”作主语 One of the answers is (be) correct.
续表
(2)动词原形→过去式
适用情况 示例
句子时态为一般过去时 1.句中有明显的表示过去的时间状语或标志词 I visited (visit) my grandparents yesterday.
2.过去式＋and/or＋过去式 Alice called her friend and asked (ask) for help.
适用情况 示例
句子时态为一般过去时 3.上下文的时态均为一般过去时 It was a beautiful day.We drove (drive) to the countryside.We saw a lot of beautiful flowers there.
4.主从句时态一致，当主句为过去的某种时态，从句通常也用过去的时态 I saw Lily when I passed (pass) the playground.
续表
(3)动词原形→will＋动词原形
适用情况 示例
句子时态为一般将来时 1.句中有明显的表示将来的时间状语或标志词 I will call (call) you tomorrow.
2.“主将从现”原则 If it rains，we will cancel (cancel) the picnic.
3.用于表达预测或推测 I think he will succeed (succeed).
4.用于表达意愿或意图 I will study (study) harder next term.
(4)动词原形→am/is/are＋动词-ing
适用情况 示例
句子时态为现在进行时 1.句中有表示动作现在正在进行的时间状语或标志词 Look！ She is reading (read) a book.
2.根据上下文可以判断动作正在进行 It’s a sunny afternoon.The birds are singing.The children are playing (play) in the garden.
3.表示现阶段正在进行的动作 He is studying (study) hard for the exam this week.
(5)动词原形→was/were＋动词-ing
适用情况 示例
句子时态为过去进行时 1.过去某一具体时间点或时间段内动作正在进行 I was studying (study) when the phone rang.
2.通过上下文可以判断动作在过去某个时刻正在进行 The students were taking (take) an exam.Suddenly，the fire alarm went off.The teacher calmly asked everyone to go to the playground.
3.过去两个同时进行的动作 While he was cooking (cook)，she was setting the table.
(6)动词原形→have/has＋动词过去分词
适用情况 示例
句子时态为现在完成时 1.通过上下文可推断出过去发生的动作对现在有影响 He has finished (finish) his homework，so he can play now.
2.有表示从过去延续到现在的时间状语 She has lived (live) here since 2020.
3.表示动作的重复 We have visited (visit) this museum three times.
(7)动词原形→am/is/are/was/were＋动词过去分词
适用情况 示例
句子为被动语态 1.主语是动作的承受者 The building was built (build) in 1900.
2.有被动语态的标志词by The problem was solved (solve) by Jack.
3.一些固定句式中，如：It is said/believed/reported that … It is said (say) that the new restaurant is excellent.
(8)动词原形→动词不定式
适用情况 示例
1.作宾语 We decided to go (go) on vacation.
2.作宾语补足语 Lisa encouraged me to try (try) new things.
3.作目的状语 I save money to buy (buy) a new car.
4.“疑问词＋to do”结构 Can you tell me how to use (use) this machine？
适用情况 示例
5.“It is＋adj.(＋for/of sb)＋to do sth”结构 It is dangerous for children to swim (swim) in the river.
6.不定式常见特殊句型 It’s time to finish (finish) your homework.
续表
Ⅰ.短文填空 基础题
1.(2026天津改编)The volunteers ____________ (clean) the sports centre now.Let’s join them.
2.(2026连云港改编)Since 3D printing ___________ (use) in the medical area，making a hearing aid has become faster.
3.My mother _______________ (cook) some delicious food when I got home from school yesterday.
are cleaning
was used
was cooking
4.The little bird _______ (fly) back to its warm nest at sunset every summer day.
5.In his later years，even when Confucius became a master，he never __________ (stop) learning from others.
6.Traffic in cities ____________ (influence) by weather conditions like rain or snow.
flies
stopped
is influenced
7.For years，Baiyangdian Lake in Hebei _________ (be) a popular place for people to enjoy lotus flowers and fresh fish.
8.Last week，our school invited a local artist _________ (give) a speech about Hebei Bangzi.
9.While I ___________ (wait) at the dentist’s，I met my old friend Tom.
has been
to give
was waiting
10.If we protect the ancient building well，it _______________ (remain) standing there for hundreds more years.
11.Tom and his parents _______ (take) a direct flight to Beijing for a visit last year.
12.Hurry up，Lisa！ Our friend Mike ____________ (wait) for us at the station.
will remain
took
is waiting
13.Many students ______________ (benefit) greatly from online learning in recent years.
14.I couldn’t wait _________ (open) the box as soon as I received the gift.
have benefited
to open
Ⅱ.短文填空 微语篇
　　Li Jia，a 28-year-old college graduate，returned to her hometown in Tongren，Guizhou last year.She gave up a well-paid job in the city 1.__________ (start) a matcha (抹茶) business.
to start
　　Tongren is famous for its high-quality green tea.The gentle climate and rich soil provide perfect conditions for tea trees to grow.Since 2018，the local government 2.________ (build) more than ten modern tea-making factories.Today，Tongren 3._________ (produce) the best matcha in China，which has won many awards at international tea fairs.
has built
produces
　　Her grandfather 4._____ (be) an intangible cultural heritage inheritor (非遗传承人) of traditional matcha-making skills.After graduating from college，Li Jia 5.________________ (learn) these skills from him.In order to keep the natural taste of the tea，the tea leaves 6.___________ (pick) by hand and prepared in a slow，traditional way.
is
learned/learnt
are picked
　　Li Jia not only sells matcha in local shops but also 7.______ (use) live-streaming (直播) to sell it to customers all over the world.Her matcha sells successfully because of its high quality.
Right now，her factory 8.___________ (offer) many well-paid jobs to local farmers.
uses
is offering
　　“I want 9.__________ (bring) the beauty of Tongren matcha to more people，” Li Jia says.“I 10.__________ (try) my best to develop the local tea industry and help more villagers live a better life.” She believes that the small business can truly change the future of her hometown.
to bring
will try

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