资源简介

[词汇串记·语段感知]
　　Good looks can sometimes really boost a person’s confidence in social interactions.
However,we must not misjudge others primarily by their outward appearance.It’s a common stereotype to think some people lack charm—for this assumption often makes us overlook their inner virtues.We should acknowledge that appearance is just a small part of a person.Everyone’s true worth lies in his character,a quality that can bring immense positive influence to those around them.
良好的外貌有时确实能增强一个人在社交互动中的自信心。然而,我们绝不能主要根据一个人的外在容貌去误判他人。认为某些人缺乏魅力是一种常见的刻板印象——因为这种假定往往会让我们忽视他们内在的美德。我们应当承认,外表只是一个人的一小部分。每个人真正的价值在于其品格,而这种品格能给其身边人带来巨大的积极影响。
Starting out,Understanding ideas,Using language
写作词汇
1.self-critical　　 adj.自我批评的,自我批判的
2.boost　 v.促进,推动
3.bother　 v.(使)苦恼
4.acknowledge v.承认(某事属实或某情况存在)
阅读词汇
1.freckle 　　　 n.(尤指脸上的)雀斑,斑点
2.enlarge v.(使)增大,扩大
3.jawline n.下巴的形状
4.narcissist　　 n.自我陶醉者
5.obsessive adj.痴迷的,迷恋的;过度的(含贬义)
6.pretend v.假装,装作
7.misjudge v.对(人或情况)判断错误
8.lipstick n.唇膏,口红
9.dormitory n.寝室
10.roommate n.(尤指大学里的)室友
11.bizarre adj.古怪的;奇异的
12.makeover n.(以新衣服、新发型等进行的)打扮,装扮
13.overlook v.忽视,忽略
14.pill n.药丸,药片
15.stereotype n.模式化的思想
16.welfare n.帮助;福利
17.righteous　 adj.正派的,正直的
18.outward adj.外表的,表面的
19.beast　 n.(尤指体型庞大或危险的)野兽
20.timid　 adj.胆小的,胆怯的
21.coward n.胆小鬼;懦夫
22.bookish adj.好读书的,书呆子气的
拓展词汇
1.identical adj.完全相同的;非常相似的→identically adv.完全相同地;非常相似地→identify v.确认;发现;显示→identity n.身份;相同;特征
2.skinny adj.极瘦的,皮包骨的→skin n.皮肤
3.assumption n.假定,假设→assume v.假定,假设;认为;承担(责任)→assuming conj.假设……为真,假如→assumed adj.假定的,假设的
4.saving n.积蓄→save v.节省;救
5.psychology n.心理,心理过程→psychological adj.心理的→psychologically adv.心理地→psychologist n.心理学家
6.finding n.研究的结果;发现→find v.发现
7.frightful adj.可怕的→fright n.惊吓→frighten v.使惊吓→frightened adj.感到害怕的→
frightening adj.令人害怕的
8.monstrous adj.丑陋的;骇人的→monstrously adv.奇怪地;怪物似地→monster n.怪物;恶人
9.loyal adj.忠贞的,忠实的,忠诚的→loyally adv.忠诚地;诚实地→loyalty n.忠诚;忠心;忠贞
重点词块
1.boost one’s confidence　 增强某人的自信心
2.a lack of 缺乏
3.a desire for 对……的渴望
4.from head to toe 从头到脚
5.be surprised at 对……感到吃惊
6.play a part in 在……中扮演角色/起作用
7.make an effort 努力
8.make/leave an impression on 给……留下印象
9.come across 偶然遇见
10.keep fit 保持健康
11.in secret 秘密地
重点句型
1.As a song in Ugly Betty puts it,“It’s a pretty person’s world”.(as引导方式状语从句)
正如《丑女贝蒂》里的歌曲所唱的那样:“这是个看脸的世界。”
2.That’s why I could never understand my sister,who has 17 lipsticks and can’t decide which one to use every morning.(why引导表语从句)
所以我永远无法理解我姐姐,她有17支口红,每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。
3.It can be an expression of our personalities,helping us make a good and positive impression on others.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
它可以表达我们的个性,也有助于我们给他人留下良好、积极的印象。
4.It plays a part in the image we present to the world,and making an effort with your appearance can leave a positive first impression on others and boost your confidence.(动名词短语作主语)
它(外在美)在我们呈现给世界的形象中扮演着重要的角色。努力提升你的外观可以给别人留下积极的第一印象,增强你的自信心。
5.Although she’s larger than most other models,she’s really attractive and has the confidence to be herself — even in an industry full of beauty stereotypes.(although引导让步状语从句)
虽然她比大多数模特都壮,但她真的魅力十足,并且有信心做自己——即使是在这个对美的概念有着刻板印象的行业。
6.What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful,but happier,too!(what引导主语从句)
我真正钦佩她的一点是,她认可健康的身体使我们不仅更美丽,而且更快乐!
【课文注解·中英对照】
①appreciate the beauty in themselves欣赏他们自己的美 ②put it说,表达,表述 ③plain-looking adj.相貌平平的 ④ever since自从 ⑤spend hours every day editing my selfies每天花数小时修我的自拍照 ⑥boost my confidence增强我的自信 ⑦a lack of self-confidence缺乏自信 ⑧a desire for attention渴望关注 ⑨pretend to be someone假装成 别人 ⑩tend to do sth 往往会做某事 care about my appearance关心自己的外表 That’s why那就是为什么…… used to do过去常常 move into搬进 day after day日复一日 register sb for...为某人在……登记/注册 It’s all about ME! “Me”.It’s a small word with big meaning,and that meaning is as individual to each of us as the way we look.Through interviews,I was able to discover what “me” means to other people,and how they have learnt to appreciate the beauty in themselves①. Psychologist,Dr Hart Jade,24,accounting manager As a song in Ugly Betty puts it②,“It’s a pretty person’s world”.I understand this more than most,as I have always been plain-looking③.I’m a girl who’d love to look good.Well,who wouldn’t So,ever since④ I discovered selfie apps that could remove my freckles,enlarge my eyes and even slim my jawline,I have become addicted.I spend hours every day editing my selfies⑤,posting them and eagerly checking my phone a hundred times for comments.Each “like” boosts my confidence⑥.Dad thinks I am a narcissist,but what I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone,so who cares Dr Hart says: Obsessive online photo editing indicates a lack of self-confidence⑦ and a desire for attention⑧.However,the image Jade presents to obtain the praise of others is false.People who pretend to be someone⑨ they are not tend to misjudge⑩ themselves. 　　Anthony,21,college student I never really cared about my appearanc.That’s wh I could never understand my sister,who has 17 lipsticks and can’t decide which one to use every morning.I only used to hav five identical pairs of trousers and five identical shirts.When I first moved int my dormitory at college,this made my roommates quite confused as they saw me in the same clothes day after da.Last month they registered me fo a TV programme, 一切都关于“我”! “我”,这个小小的字有着十分丰富的含义。对于我们每个人来说,这个字的意义就像我们的外表一样,是因人而异的。通过这次采访,我得以发现“我”这个字对于其他人的意义,以及他们如何学会欣赏自己的美。 心理学家　哈特博士 　　杰德,24岁,会计经理 正如《丑女贝蒂》里的歌曲所唱的那样:“这是个看脸的世界。”我比大多数人都更能理解这句话的含义,因为我一直相貌平平。我是个爱美的女孩。好吧,谁不是呢 所以,自从我发现自拍软件能消除我的雀斑,拉大眼睛,甚至削尖下巴,我就用上瘾了。我每天会花数小时修我的自拍照,发照片,并频繁地打开手机,迫切地查看评论。照片的每个“赞”都会增强我的自信。爸爸觉得我太自恋,但我的解释是,我的照片没伤害其他人,管它呢 　　哈特博士说: 沉迷于修饰上传网络的照片,其实是缺乏自信和渴望关注的表现。不管怎样,杰德呈现给别人想要博取赞美的形象,都是虚假的。那些把自己包装成别人的人,往往只会对自己产生错误的判断。 　　安东尼,21岁,大学生 我向来不关心自己的外表,所以我永远无法理解我姐姐,她有17支口红,每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。而我以前只有5条一模一样的裤子和5件一模一样的衬衫。当我第一次搬进大学宿舍时,室友看到我每天穿同样的衣服都十分困惑不解。上个月,他们给我
be surprised at...对……感到惊讶 for the first time第一次 a handsome and well-presented young man一个英俊又体面的年轻人 external beauty 外在美 an expression of our personalities 我们的个性的表达 inner beauty 内在美 play a part in 在……中扮演角色/起作用 bother sb 使某人烦恼/不安 stare at凝视;盯着看 drive sb to do sth驱使某人做某事 lose weight减肥 nothing but仅仅,只有,只是 come across偶然遇见 change one’s idea改变某人的想法 a couple of times几次 keep fit保持 健康 instead of 而不是 agree with同意(某人的观点) with confidence自信地 A New You.It felt bizarre at first.I didn’t like being reviewed from head to toe.But I was surprised a how good I looked after the makeover! For the first tim in my life I saw myself as a handsome and well-presented young ma.At that moment,I perceived that external beaut isn’t totally worthless.It can be an expression of our personalitie,helping us make a good and positive impression on others. Dr Hart says: It’s true that inner beaut is very important,but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked.It plays a part i the image we present to the world,and making an effort with your appearance can leave a positive first impression on others and boost your confidence. Emma,17,senior high school student Ever since I was little,I’ve been larger than other girls.For a long time,this really bothered m.People would stare a me because I was “big”and I hated the way I looked.My anxiety drove me to tr every means possible to lose weigh,including dieting and weight-loss pills,but this brought me nothing bu pain and poor health.Everything changed when one day I came acros the success story of a plus-size model,Tess Holliday.Although she’s larger than most other models,she’s really attractive and has the confidence to be herself—even in an industry full of beauty stereotypes.Her story changed my idea about what it means to be beautiful.I realised that my health,mental and physical,is the most important thing.Now I exercise a couple of time a week but just to keep fi.I mean,isn’t it better that I’m large and happy,instead of skinny and unhealthy 　　Dr Hart says: I completely agree wit Emma—being healthy is beautiful,and we should wear that beauty with confidenc.What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful,but happier,too! 报名参加了一个叫《全新的你》的电视节目。我最初感觉很怪异。我不喜欢被人从头到脚地打量。但经过一番装扮之后,我被自己的相貌震惊了!我人生中第一次发现,原来自己也可以是个英俊又体面的年轻人。在那一刻,我意识到外在美并非毫无价值。它可以表达我们的个性,也有助于我们给他人留下良好、积极的印象。 　　哈特博士说: 内在美固然非常重要,但也不能完全忽视外在美。外在美在我们呈现给世界的形象中扮演着重要的角色。努力提升你的外观可以给别人留下积极的第一印象,增强你的自信。 　　埃玛,17岁,高中生 从小我就比其他女孩块头大。很长一段时间,我都为此深受困扰。仅仅因为我“块头大”,别人就会盯着我看,我讨厌自己的样子。内心的焦虑促使我尝试各种可能的减肥方法,包括节食和吃减肥药,但是这样做毫无作用,反而给我带来了痛苦和不健康的身体。有一天,我偶然读到大号模特特丝·霍利迪的成功故事后,一切都发生了转变。虽然她比大多数模特都壮,但她真的魅力十足,并且有信心做自己——即使是在这个对美的概念有着刻板印象的行业。她的故事改变了我对美的含义的看法。我意识到,自己身心健康才是最重要的。现在,我每周锻炼几次,但只是为了保持健康。我的意思是,我壮实且快乐着,总比瘦却不健康要好得多吧 　　哈特博士说: 我完全赞同埃玛——健康才是美丽的,我们应该充满自信地接受这样的美丽。我真正钦佩她的一点是,她认可健康的身体不仅使我们更美丽,而且更快乐!
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与自我——对自我形象的认识和对外表的不同看法
2.语篇类型:专题讨论
3.课文内容分析:课文介绍了三位年轻人对自我形象的认知和对外表的不同看法,以及心理学家对他们观点的评价。阅读本文有利于学生加深对单元主题意义的认识,形成正确的自我认知和审美观,树立积极的人生态度。
多维解读·浅析结构
答案:1.addicted　2.obsessive　3.appearance　4.boost　5.realises/acknowledges　6.agrees
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.What can we learn about Jade
A.She is addicted to selfie apps. B.She is proud of her beautiful appearance.
C.She had an operation on her face. D.Her father approves of her behaviour.
(　　)2.What does Emma mean by using the story of Tess Holliday
A.To help people lose weight.
B.To explain what it means to be beautiful.
C.To stress that Tess Holliday is attractive.
D.To explain what beauty stereotypes are.
(　　)3.What can we infer from Emma’s story
A.Health is the most important thing.
B.Her large body makes others confused.
C.She exercises much to make a good impression.
D.She thinks good figure is important.
(　　)4.What does this passage mainly show us
A.There must be beauty in both spirit and appearance.
B.People like beautiful looks rather than ugliness.
C.Self-confidence lies in physical and mental health.
D.The healthier you are,the happier you will be.
答案:1.A　2.B　3.A　4.C
二次开发·深研课文
Jade is plain-looking,but she’d love to look good.So she spends hours every day 1.　　　　 (edit) her selfies,posting them and eagerly checking her phone for 2.　　 　　 (comment) by others.Each “like” boosts her 3.　　　　 (confident).
Anthony never really cared 4.　　　　 his appearance.But he was surprised at how good he looked after the makeover! At that moment,he perceived that external beauty isn’t 5.　　　 　 (total) worthless.
Emma is larger than other girls and in the past this really bothered her.Everything 6.　　　　 (change) when one day she came across the success story of a plus-size model,Tess Holliday.Her story has changed Emma’s ideas about 7.　　　　 it means to be beautiful.She realised that mental and physical health is the8.　　　　 (important) thing.
Dr Hart thinks that the image Jade presents 9.　　　 　 (obtain) the praise of others is false,that making an effort with our appearance can leave 10.　　　　 positive first impression on others and boost our confidence,and that being healthy is beautiful.
答案:1.editing　2.comments　3.confidence　4.about　5.totally　6.changed　7.what　8.most important 9.to obtain　10.a
1.pretend v.假装,装作
[教材原句] People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves.
那些把自己包装成别人的人,往往只会对自己产生错误的判断。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)I pretended to be calm—fingers tapping the desk gently as if organising thoughts,eyes scanning the question repeatedly—just to hide the panic.
我装作镇定自若——手指轻敲着桌面,仿佛在整理思绪,眼睛一遍又一遍地扫视着问题——只是为了掩饰内心的恐慌。
例 (读后续写之动作描写)Frank turned around,pretending not to notice me,and hurried away.
弗兰克转过身来,假装没有看见我,匆匆离开了。
pretend to do sth假装做某事 pretend to be doing sth假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth假装已经做了某事 pretend to be+adj./n.假装是…… pretend (that)...假装……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Seeing his boss coming in,he hurried to ring off and pretended 　　　　 (work).
Don’t pretend 　　　　 (finish) all the exercises—keep practising and you’ll make real progress.
孩子们扮成不同的动物,随着音乐起舞。
The children 　　　　　　　　　　 different animals,dancing to the music.
她的父亲试图假装没有什么不平常的事发生。
Her father tried to pretend that　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
答案: to be working　 to have finished　 pretended to be　 nothing unusual had
happened
2.tend v.倾向于;照料
·tendency n.倾向,偏好;趋势
[教材原句] People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves.
那些把自己包装成别人的人,往往只会对自己产生错误的判断。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning.
照料植物是对耐心和学习能力的一种锻炼。
例 The sort of music I listen to varies,but it tends towards light music.
我所听的音乐种类繁多,不过多是轻音乐。
例 (话题写作之学校生活)Among high school students,there is a growing tendency to participate in voluntary activities during their holidays,which helps them develop a sense of social responsibility.
在高中生当中,他们越来越倾向在假期期间参加志愿活动,这有助于他们培养自己的社会责
任感。
·tend to do sth 往往会做某事,倾向于做某事 tend to/towards... 趋向……,倾向…… tend (to) sb/sth 照顾某人/某物 ·have a tendency to do sth 倾向/偏好做某事 There is a tendency (for sb/sth) to do sth.(某人/某物)有做某事的倾向/趋势。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
There is a growing 　　　　(tend) for people to shop online,and most people have the experience of shopping online.
Some individuals tend 　　　　 pessimism,always seeing the negative side of things.
随着年龄的增长,人们往往会健忘。
→People　　　　　　　　　　　　 as they get older.(tend)
→People　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 as they get older.(tendency)
答案: tendency　 to/towards　 tend to forget things;have a tendency to forget things
3.identical adj.完全相同的;非常相似的
·identically adv.完全相同地;非常相似地
·identify v.确认;发现;显示
·identity n.身份;相同;特征
[教材原句] I only used to have five identical pairs of trousers and five identical shirts.
而我以前只有5条一模一样的裤子和5件一模一样的衬衫。
例 Although the two mobile phones look identical,the one with a small scratch on the back is my sister’s and the other belongs to me.
虽然这两部手机看起来一模一样,但背面有道小划痕的那部是我姐姐的,另一部是我的。
例 (2024·北京卷)When we slow down,we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions,
which helps us identify important areas of our lives and gives us the opportunity to make right choices.
当我们放慢脚步时,我们创造了空间来反思自己的思想和情感,这有助于我们找到生活中的重要领域,并让我们有机会做出正确的选择。
·be identical to/with 与……完全相同 be identical in 在……方面是相同的 ·identify...as...认出……是……;显示……是…… identify with sb与某人产生共鸣;谅解某人
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Each student should carry their student ID card to prove their 　　　(identify) at school.
The police identified the victim　　　　 someone they had been looking for through DNA testing.
The twins were 　　　　(identical) dressed,making it difficult to tell them apart.
他们的研究结论与我们之前得出的结论完全相同。
Their research conclusion 　 the one we reached before.
答案: identity　 as　 identically　 is identical to/with
4.bother v.(使)苦恼,打扰,使烦恼 n.困难,麻烦
[教材原句] For a long time,this really bothered me.
很长一段时间,我都为此深受困扰。
例 It bothered Kelly that she would be at a party with a bunch of kids she barely knows,a sense of worry creeping up on her.
让凯莉烦恼的是她要和一群她几乎不认识的孩子一起参加一场聚会,一种担忧感悄然袭来。
例 I’m very sorry for having bothered you with so many questions on such an occasion.
我很抱歉在这种场合用这么多问题来打扰您。
·bother sb with/about sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother doing/to do sth 费心做某事 bother with/about sth 为某事费心 It bothers sb to do sth/that...做某事/……使某人烦恼 ·have bother (in) doing sth 做某事很麻烦
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句式升级
He always bothers me　　　　 little things,making it hard for me to concentrate on work.
It bothers me　　　　(remind) him constantly to do his chores.
I really don’t bother 　　　　(read) books that are too complex for my understanding.
Although I have been working hard,I can’t keep up with others and this bothers me greatly.
→Although I have been working hard, 　 .
(it作形式主语)
→Although I have been working hard, 　 .
(what引导主语从句)
答案: with/about　 to remind　 reading/to read　 it bothers me greatly that I can’t keep up with others;what bothers me greatly is that I can’t keep up with others
5.anxiety n.焦虑,忧虑;渴望;担心,害怕
·anxious adj.焦虑的;担心的;渴望的
·anxiously adv.焦急地;忧虑地
[教材原句] My anxiety drove me to try every means possible to lose weight,including dieting and weight-loss pills,but this brought me nothing but pain and poor health.
内心的焦虑促使我尝试各种可能的减肥方法,包括节食和吃减肥药,但是这样做毫无作用,反而给我带来了痛苦和不健康的身体。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Getting to Shrewsbury Town Centre from London is challenging but worth the anxiety.
从伦敦到什鲁斯伯里镇中心的路途很有挑战性,但这种焦虑是值得的。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)She waited anxiously for the results of her college entrance examination.
她焦急地等待着自己大学入学考试的结果。
·anxiety about/over... 对……的焦虑/忧虑 with anxiety 焦虑地 anxiety to do sth 做某事的渴望 anxiety for sth 对某物的渴望 ·be anxious for sb/about sth 为某人/某事感到担忧 be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事 be anxious for... 渴望……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
(读后续写之情感描写)A wave of 　　　　(anxious) washed over her,making her heart pound like a drum and her palms clammy.
(读后续写之情感描写)All of us were waiting for Jenny　　　　(anxious) when she came into the room with a big smile on her face.
According to the expert,as children grew,they became more anxious 　　　　(get) more public approval.
(读后续写之心理描写)Ultimately,he finished the project and was anxious 　　　 　 everyone’s recognition.
答案: anxiety　 anxiously　 to get　 for
6.acknowledge v.承认(某事属实或某情况存在);(公开)感谢;告知收悉
·acknowledgement n.承认;感谢
[教材原句] What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful,but happier,too!
我真正钦佩她的一点是,她认可健康的身体不仅使我们更美丽,而且更快乐!
例 (应用文写作之道歉信)I sincerely apologise to you and acknowledge my mistakes.
我真诚地向你道歉,并承认我的错误。
例 It is universally acknowledged that life consists of not only sunshine but also storms.
普遍认为,生活中不仅有阳光,还有风雨。
acknowledge that... 承认…… acknowledge sb/sth to be/as... 承认某人/某物是…… acknowledge doing/having done sth承认做了某事 It is generally/widely acknowledged that... (人们)公认/普遍认为……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
People generally acknowledge this novel 　　　　 a classic in the history of literature.
(应用文写作之道歉信)I acknowledge 　　　　(say) some harsh words to you yesterday.I was in a bad mood and didn’t mean to hurt you.Please forgive me.
人们普遍认为,均衡的饮食和定期锻炼对健康有益。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a balanced diet and regular exercise are good for health.
答案: as　 saying/having said　 It is generally/widely acknowledged that
7.assumption n.假定,假设;(责任的)承担,担任
·assume v.假定,假设;认为;承担(责任)
·assuming conj.假设……为真,假如
·assumed adj.假定的,假设的
[教材原句] How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about,because it’s not always obvious who is truly happy.
别人的感受不是我们应该妄加揣测的,因为谁真正快乐并不总是显而易见的。
例 It’s not right to make assumptions about someone’s character based on appearance alone.
仅仅根据外表来对一个人的性格做出假设是不对的。
例 It is generally assumed that drinking tea can not only refresh us but also strengthen our memory.
人们普遍认为,喝茶不仅可以提神,还可以增强我们的记忆力。
·make assumptions/an assumption (about...) (对……)做出假设 on the assumption that... 假定……,假设…… ·assume...to be... 假设/认为……是…… It’s assumed that... 人们认为…… ·assuming (that)...假定……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
(应用文写作之建议信)The interviewers tend to make 　　　　(assume) about you when they see you,so you should behave well and make a good impression on them.
(应用文写作之申请信)　　　　(assume) that I am chosen to be a volunteer for the activity,I will serve the people heart and soul.
It is generally 　　 　　(assume) that this school activity attracted 200 participants to take part in.
答案: assumptions　 Assuming　 assumed
I made an assumption that he was an experienced leader,so I assumed him to be capable of guiding us through the project.However,my assumption was wrong,as we encountered many difficulties under his leadership.Assuming (that) he had changed the way he managed the project,we would have done it much better.
我曾认为他是一位经验丰富的领导者,因此我认为他有能力带领我们完成这个项目。然而,我的假设是错误的,因为在他的领导下我们遇到了许多困难。假设他当时改变了管理项目的方式,我们肯定能做得更好。
It/This/That is why...这/那就是为什么……(why引导表语从句)
[教材原句] That’s why I could never understand my sister,who has 17 lipsticks and can’t decide which one to use every morning.
所以我永远无法理解我姐姐,她有17支口红,每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。
例 (2024·全国甲卷)That’s why this issue of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing.
那就是为什么本期《作家文摘》的宗旨在于帮助你弄清楚如何为你正在写的任何一种文体写出最好的结尾。
例 AI can analyse vast amounts of data in a short time.That is why it has been widely applied in various fields like medical diagnosis and traffic prediction.
人工智能能够在短时间内分析大量的数据。那就是为什么它在医疗诊断、交通预测等各个领域得到广泛应用。
It/This/That is because...这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句) The reason why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句)
[语境运用] 句型转换
Tom overslept this morning,so he was late for work.
→Tom overslept this morning.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(why引导表语从句)
→Tom was late for work.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(because引导表语从句)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was that he overslept this morning.(why引导定语从句)
答案:That was why he was late for work;That was because he overslept this morning;The reason why Tom was late for work
现在分词(短语)作伴随状语
[教材原句] It can be an expression of our personalities,helping us make a good and positive impression on others.
它可以表达我们的个性,也有助于我们给他人留下良好、积极的印象。
例 All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem.
他整夜躺着睡不着,思考着那个问题。
例 They sat in the classroom,reading the books borrowed from the library.
他们坐在教室里,阅读着从图书馆借来的书。
现在分词(短语)作伴随状语,表示伴随情况,所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生,且与句子的主语之间是主动关系。现在分词(短语)作状语除了表示伴随,还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。
①现在分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,动词多是短暂性的。
②现在分词(短语)作状语,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语相一致。若不一致,则可以使用独立主格结构的形式。
　[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(看到他们如此努力工作),I was moved and made up my mind to do something for them.
　　　　　　　　　　(听到敲门声),I rose to my feet to open it.
Scientists are working on quantum (量子) computing,　　　　　　　　　　 (探索新的方式) to solve complex problems that traditional computers can’t handle.
He dropped the glass onto the floor,　　　　　　　　　(把它摔成了碎片).
答案: Seeing them working so hard　 Hearing a knock on/at the door　 exploring new ways breaking it into pieces
[教材原句] How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about, because it’s not always obvious who is truly happy.
尝试分析:本句为主从复合句。 为how引导的主语从句, 为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词something; 为because引导的原因状语从句, 为who引导的主语从句。
自主翻译:别人的感受不是我们应该妄加揣测的,因为谁真正快乐并不总是显而易见的。
　[语境运用] 情境写作
青少年如何看待美是我们应该思考的问题,因为他们是否对美有正确的理解并不总是显而易见的。
How teenagers consider beauty is something that we should think about,because it’s not always obvious whether they have a proper understanding of beauty.
语法微专题1　主语从句
Dad thinks I am a narcissist,but what I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone,so who cares
It’s true that inner beauty is very important,but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked.
What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful,but happier,too!
　　请注意上述句中加粗部分充当的句子成分以及属于的从句类型,并注意它们的引导词。
一、定义
　　用作主语的从句叫主语从句,它是名词性从句的一种。主语从句的时态不受主句时态的影响和限制。
二、引导主语从句的常见连接词
1.从属连词that、whether、if
(1)that引导主语从句只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,that本身无实际意义,但不能
省略。
That online education has become an important part of modern education is obvious.
线上教育已经成为现代教育的一个重要组成部分。
(2)whether引导的主语从句既可以放在句首也可以放在句末,但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末,前面需用it作形式主语。whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,意为“是否”,不能省略。
Whether artificial intelligence will bring more benefits than risks to human society is still under debate.
人工智能是否会给人类社会带来更多益处而非风险仍在争论中。
It is still under discussion whether/if the old station should be replaced with a modern hotel.
是否该用一家现代化的旅馆取代这个旧车站仍在讨论中。
2.连接代词who、whoever、whom、whomever、whose、what、whatever、which、whichever等含有此类连接代词的主语从句语序为陈述语序,一般不用形式主语it引导。此类连接代词在句子中充当成分,不能省略,既有实际含义,又起连接作用。
Which athlete will break the record is not clear.
还不清楚哪位运动员将打破纪录。
Who discovered the new planet remains a mystery.
谁发现了这颗新行星仍然是个谜。
Whoever wants to make great achievements in science must be diligent and persistent.
任何想在科学领域取得重大成就的人都必须勤奋且坚持不懈。
①what和that引导的主语从句的区别
that 只起引导作用,不充当任何成分,本身无实际意义。what 不仅起引导作用,还要充当一定成分(主语、宾语或表语),意为“……的事情”。
What we need is more practice.(what在主语从句中充当动词need的宾语)
我们需要的是更多练习。
That she will win the speech contest is certain.(that在主语从句中不充当成分)
她是肯定会赢得这场演讲比赛的。
②whatever/whoever的用法
whatever/whoever可以引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语或宾语,不含疑问意义。whatever相当于anything that,whoever 相当于anyone who。
Whoever/Anyone who wants to enter this school must pass the exam.(whoever在主语从句中充当主语)
无论谁想进入这所学校都必须通过考试。
Whatever/Anything that she did was right.(whatever在主语从句中充当动词did的宾语)
她做的任何事都是对的。
3.连接副词when、where、how、why
此类连接词既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当成分,不能省略。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.(how在主语从句中充当方式状语)
任何人都不清楚这是如何发生的。
When he will be back depends on the weather.(when在主语从句中充当时间状语)
他什么时候会回来取决于天气状况。
Where the party will be held is not yet decided.(where在主语从句中充当地点状语)
聚会将在哪里举行尚未决定。
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空
　　　　 ancient Chinese people invented paper-making is considered one of the greatest contributions to human civilisation.
　　　　 the cultural heritage will be preserved for future generations depends on our current efforts.
It remains unknown 　　　　 the new technology will be applied in daily life on a large scale.
　　　　 students need most is not only knowledge but also critical thinking ability.
答案: That　 Whether　 whether/if　 What
三、主语从句后置
为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it 作形式主语,将主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。
That regular exercise improves memory is widely accepted by scientists.可改写为It is widely accepted by scientists that regular exercise improves memory.
用it 作形式主语的结构:
1.It+be动词+形容词+that 从句
常用于这一结构的形容词有obvious、true、surprising、good、wonderful、funny、possible、likely、certain、probable等。
It is most likely that those who study hard will achieve good grades.
努力学习的人最有可能会取得好成绩。
2.It+be动词+名词(短语)+that 从句
常用于这一结构的名词(短语)有fact、honour、pity、shame、surprise、no wonder、common knowledge等。
It’s a pity that she missed the important lecture.
很遗憾她错过了那场重要的讲座。
3.It+be动词+过去分词+that 从句
常用于这一结构的过去分词有said、reported、thought、expected、decided、announced等。
It is said that the famous scientist will give a lecture in our school next week.
据说那位著名的科学家下周将在我们学校开一场讲座。
4.It+不及物动词(短语)+that 从句
常用于这一结构的不及物动词(短语)有appear、seem、happen、prove、matter、turn out、occur to sb等。
It happened that I knew his address.
碰巧我知道他的地址。
①在“It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required that...”句型中,从句要用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语应用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
It is suggested that students (should) read more extra-curricular books to broaden their horizons.
有人建议学生们多读课外书来拓宽视野。
②在“It is important/natural/necessary/impossible that...”句型中,从句也要用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语应用“should + 动词原形”,should可以省略。
It is important and necessary that we (should) keep the balance of nature.
我们保持自然的平衡是重要且必要的。
　[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　　　　　　　　 (据说) my roommate will go abroad for further study.
　　　　　　　　　　　　 (难怪) your students have made such great progress.
　　　　　　　　 (看起来好像) it is going to rain.
答案: It is said that　 It is no wonder that　 It seems that
四、主语从句的规律
规律一:主语从句一律用陈述语序,即主语在前,谓语在后。
正:When he will come is not known.
误:When will he come is not known.
规律二:连词that 在从句中无实际意义,但不能省略。
正:That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.
误:He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.
规律三:whether 引导主语从句可以放在句首,但if不能。
正:Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
误:If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
规律四:主语从句中的连接词不能重复使用。
正:That he will help others is a fact.
误:That whether he will help others is a fact.
规律五:含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用第三人称单数形式。
正:What he will do next is a puzzle.
误:What he will do next are a puzzle.
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空
　　　　 she was at the entrance to the cinema then was a big surprise to me.
　　　　 the radiation will be controlled is still unknown.
What makes the shop different 　　　　 (be) that it offers more personal services.
答案: That　 Whether　 is
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)　　　　 is estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)　　　　 worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.
3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)She says it is essential 　　　　 we keep control of artificial intelligence,
or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
4.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)　　　　 I was to do was fly to Topeka to pick up Tiffy.
答案及剖析:
1.It　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为“It is estimated that...”结构,意为“据估计……”,其中It为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的that从句。此处应用it来指代后面的that从句,且位于句首,首字母应大写。故填It。
2.What　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,意为“……的事情”,应用what;单词位于句首,首字母应大写。故填What。
3.that　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,句中it为形式主语,设空处引导的从句作真正的主语,且从句中不缺成分,语义完整,应用that。故填that。
4.What　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导主语从句,在从句中作do的宾语,意为“……的事情”,应用what;单词位于句首,首字母应大写。故填What。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　(据要求) all the members be present at the meeting.
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(无论谁最后离开房间) ought to turn off the lights.
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我在哪里度过暑假) has not been decided yet.
4.It’s uncertain 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(这个实验是否值得做).
5.　　　　　　　　　　　 (很显然) she has known the news.
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　 (我们何时出发) has not been decided yet,which makes everyone feel anxious.
7.　　　　　　　　　　　　 (他是否会接受这份工作) remains a mystery,as he hasn’t given any response till now.
8.　　　　　　　　　　　　 (她所做的一切) for the children in the village has touched many people’s hearts deeply.
9.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (学生们应该均衡饮食) is of great importance to their physical and mental development.
10.　　　　　　　　　　　　(令人惊讶的是) the little girl can speak five foreign languages fluently at such a young age.
答案:1.It is required that　2.Whoever leaves the room last　 3.Where I spend my summer vacation　4.whether/if the experiment is worth doing　5.It is obvious that　6.When we will set off　7.Whether he will accept the job　8.What she has done　9.That students should have a balanced diet　10.It is surprising that
Ⅱ.语篇填空
　　It is common sense 1.　　　　 beauty is a gift from heaven.However,2.　　　　 people are likely to pay more attention to is often external beauty alone.3.　　　　 assigns labels to people based on what others look like tends to misjudge others.For instance,teenagers are especially vulnerable to blind appearance worship.As a result,4.　　　　 they should follow the steps of some people sometimes confuses them.From another perspective,valuing inner beauty helps enhance personal charm and bring out the best of oneself.To sum up,5.　　　　 we had better appreciate inner beauty is that all meaningful and lasting changes start on the inside.Likewise,we should learn how to transform ourselves by changing from within.
答案:1.that　2.what　3.Whoever　4.whether　5.why(共94张PPT)
Developing ideas,
Presenting ideas,Reflection
Part 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
写作词汇
1. 　　n.缺点,缺陷,毛病
2. 　　 n.口音
3. 　 adj.(感情)强烈的,深切的
defect
accent
profound
阅读词汇
1.kidnap　　　 v.
2.torture　 v.
3.execution n.
4.predicament n.
5.repulsive adj.
6.hunched adj.
7.melancholy n.
绑架;劫持
拷打,拷问
(尤指依法的)处死
尴尬的处境
令人厌恶的
弓身的,弓背的
忧郁,无名的伤感
8.wretch n.
9.exclaim v.
10.heartfelt　 adj.
11.exquisite　 adj.
12.utter　 v.
13.syllable n.
14.monster n.
15.resemble v.
可怜的人
(因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而)呼喊,惊叫
衷心的,诚挚的
精美的,精致的
(尤指吃力地)发出(声音)
音节
怪物
像;与……类似,与……相似
16.savage adj.
17.dew n.
18.whilst conj.
19.coarse adj.
20.downtrodden adj.
21.pebble n.
22.heartbreaking adj.
23.repay v.
野蛮的
露水
而(用于强调两种情况、活动等之间的差别)
粗的,粗糙的
被践踏的,受压迫的,遭蹂躏的
卵石,小圆石,砾石
令人悲伤的
报答
拓展词汇
1. n.小说家→novel n.(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的;珍奇的
2. n.理解(力)→comprehend v.理解→comprehensive adj.全部的;详尽的
3. n.表情;神色→express v.表达→expressive adj.表达的;有表现力的
4. n.怜悯;同情→compassionate adj.有同情心的;表示怜悯的
novelist
comprehension
expression
compassion
5. adj.巨大的→immensely adv.极其,非常
6. adv.专心地;一心一意地→intent adj.专心的;一心一意的
7. n.柔情→tender adj.温柔的
8. n.(尤指隐藏的)动机,原因,目的→motivate v.激励,激发→motivated adj.积极的,主动的→motivation n.动力;动机;积极性
immense
intently
tenderness
motive
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.tell a story of...　　
2.fall in love with
3.in public
4.out of mercy
5.be sentenced to death
6.rescue...from...
讲述一个……的故事
爱上
公开地,当众
出于怜悯
被判处死刑
把……从……中拯救出来
7.in silence　
8.beyond one’s comprehension
9.adjust to
10.break the silence　
11.in any case
12.compare...to...
13.attempt to do sth
14.keep tears at bay　
15.regardless of　
沉默地
某人难以理解
适应
打破沉默
无论如何
把……和……相比
尝试做某事
抑制泪水
不管,不顾
重点句型
1.Esmeralda is safe from execution ...
(as long as引导条件状语从句)
只要埃斯梅拉达留在教堂内,她就可以免于被处决的危险……
2.Yet there was much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this she gradually adjusted to it.(“so...that...”引导结果状语从句)
但他表现出那样的忧郁与那样的温顺,她便渐渐地适应了。
as long as she stays inside the cathedral
so
that
3.He was .[the+序数词(+名词)+不定式]
他率先打破了沉默。
4.“But!” he said, ,“I am — I am deaf.”(状语从句的省略)
“不过,”他说,似乎在犹豫着要不要说下去,“我是……我是聋人。”
5. my ugliness as at the present moment.(部分倒装)
我从来没像现在这般审视自己的丑陋。
the first to break the silence
as though hesitating whether to finish
Never have I viewed
[课文注解·中英对照]
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
Published in 1831,The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic① story of events in Paris.Esmeralda’s beauty means that many men fall in love with her.One such man sends the hunchback Quasimodo to kidnap② Esmeralda.But Quasimodo fails and is captured and tortured in public.Esmeralda hears his call for water,and steps forwards③ out of mercy④.She offers Quasimodo a drink of water,which saves him and also captures his heart⑤.When Esmeralda is later sentenced to death⑥ for a crime she did not commit,Quasimodo rescues her from an angry crowd⑦ outside the Notre-Dame Cathedral.Esmeralda is safe from execution as long as⑧ she stays inside the cathedral...
巴黎圣母院
《巴黎圣母院》于1831年出版。它讲述了一个发生在巴黎的悲惨故事。埃斯梅拉达的美貌使无数男人为她倾倒。这些倾慕者中,有一个人派驼背的卡西莫多去绑架埃斯梅拉达。但卡西莫多失败了,在公共场合被捕并遭受酷刑。埃斯梅拉达听到他哀嚎着要水喝,油然而生的怜悯之心促使她走上前去。她给卡西莫多递上水,这不仅拯救了他的生命,也俘获了他的心。后来当埃斯梅拉达因莫须有的罪名被判死刑时,卡西莫多从巴黎圣母院大教堂外愤怒喧哗的人群中救下了她。只要她留在教堂内,就可以免于被处决的危险……
①tragic adj.悲惨的;悲剧的
②send sb to do sth派某人去做某事
③step forwards向前一步
④out of mercy 出于怜悯
⑤capture one’s heart
俘获某人的心
⑥be sentenced to death被判处死刑
⑦rescue her from an angry crowd从喧哗的人群中救下她
⑧as long as只要
埃斯梅拉达和卡西莫多许久没有动,默默地思考着自己尴尬的处境,一个是那样优美,一个是那么令人难以接受。每一刻,随着埃斯梅拉达的目光从卡西莫多的弯腿移到驼背,再从他的驼背移到独眼上,她都能在他身上发现更多的毛病。她难以理解一个人怎么能长得如此畸形。但他表现出那样的忧郁与那样的温顺,她便渐渐地适应了。
他率先打破了沉默:“那么你是叫我回来吗 ”
她点点头,答道:“是的。”
他明白点头的意思。“不过,”他说,似乎在犹豫着要不要说下去,“我是……我是
聋人。”
“可怜的人!”埃斯梅拉达喊道,发自内心地对他表示
同情。
他苦笑起来。
“你觉得那就是我的所有缺陷,对不对 是啊,我是聋人,生来如此。真是可怕,不是吗 而你呢,你却如此美丽!”
从那不幸的人的语气里可以感受到他对自身的悲哀心知肚明,她没有勇气回答。何况即便回答,他也无法听到。他接着说道:
“我从来没像现在这般审视自己的丑陋。当我把自己同你比较时,我就非常怜悯自己,我是多么可怜而不幸的怪物啊!说实话,你一定把我当成某种野兽了吧。你呀,你就像一束阳光,一滴露珠,一阵鸟鸣声,而我呢,却是一个可怕的东西,不像人也不像野兽。我不知道我是什么,我比卵石还要粗硬、难看、不显眼!”
然后他笑了起来,那是世界上最令人痛心的声音。他接着说道:
“是啊,我是聋人。但你可以用手势对我讲话,就像我的主人跟我说话那样。这样,从你的口型和你的表情中,我很快就能明白你的意思。”
“好啊!”她微笑着说道,“告诉我你为什么要救我。”
她说话的时候,他专注地看着她。
“我明白了,”他回答道,
“你问我为什么要救你。你忘了,有天晚上,有个坏家伙想绑架你,你却在他被惩罚时对他表示友善。我即使为你赴汤蹈火,也报答不了那滴水和你的怜悯之心。你已经忘记那个不幸的人了,他却还记着你的恩情。”
她带着满心温柔听完他的话。一滴泪珠在卡西莫多的眼眶里滚动,却没有落下来。似乎不让眼泪落下来,他就可以维护自己的尊严。
(改编自维克多·
雨果的《巴黎圣母院》)
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与自我——人的外表和内心品质
2.语篇类型:小说
3.课文内容分析:文章通过展示男主人公卡西莫多和女主人公埃斯梅拉达之间的对话,表现了卡西莫多内心的痛苦和对美与善良的追求,以及埃斯梅拉达对卡西莫多态度的转变。阅读本文有利于引导学生进一步思考文学作品中人物外表与内心的冲突与矛盾,加深对单元主题的认识,并学会不以外表作为评判一个人的标准,树立积极健康的世界观、人生观和价值观。
多维解读·浅析结构
comprehension
compassion
utter
silence
hesitating
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.Why did Quasimodo rescue Esmeralda
A.Because Quasimodo was so ugly,while Esmeralda was beautiful and kind.
B.Because Quasimodo fell in love with Esmeralda.
C.Because Esmeralda was the only one to show him kindness and mercy when Quasimodo was tortured in public.
D.Because they had known each other before.
C
(　　)2.Which of the following can best describe Quasimodo
A.Brave and grateful.　　　　　　　　　　　
B.Cruel and selfish.
C.Loyal and innocent.
D.Simple but rude.
A
(　　)3.What can we learn from this passage
A.Inner beauty and external beauty are of equal importance.
B.One’s appearance plays an important part in daily life.
C.Ugly people tend to face different kinds of prejudice.
D.Someone’s physical appearance can actually be a complete contrast with who he or she is on the inside.
D
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.mercy n.仁慈,宽恕,怜悯
·merciful adj.仁慈的,慈悲的
·merciless adj.无情的,残忍的
[教材原句] Esmeralda hears his call for water,and steps forwards out of mercy.
埃斯梅拉达听到他哀嚎着要水喝,油然而生的怜悯之心促使她走上前去。
例 After the boat’s motor failed,they were at the mercy of the weather.
船的马达坏掉后,他们只能任凭天气摆布了。
例 (读后续写之主旨升华)You know that showing mercy and understanding towards others can strengthen mutual trust and deepen human connections.
你知道,对他人表现出宽容和理解能够增强彼此之间的信任,并加深人与人之间的联系。
归纳拓展
·without mercy 残忍地;毫不留情地
out of mercy 出于仁慈/怜悯
at the mercy of 任凭……的摆布
have (no) mercy on...(不)同情……;
对……(没)有怜悯心
show (no) mercy to...对……(不)仁慈/怜悯
·be merciful to...对……仁慈
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The judge was 　　 　　 (mercy) to the young man who had made a mistake out of ignorance.
(读后续写之情感描写)Watching the shore in the distance,we felt powerless as if we were tiny broken boats 　　　　 the mercy of strong waves.
The coach was strict and trained the players 　　　　 mercy,pushing them to their limits to prepare for the championship game.
他们对这位老人表示同情,因为他受的苦难太多了。
They 　　　　　　　　 　　 the old man for he suffered a lot.
merciful
at
without
had mercy on/showed mercy to
2.adjust v.调整,调节;适应
·adjustment n.调整,调节
·adjustable adj.可调节的
[教材原句] Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted to it.
但他表现出那样的忧郁与那样的温顺,她便渐渐地适应了。
例 (话题写作之学校生活)It takes some time for freshmen to adjust themselves to making friends in a new environment.
新生需要一些时间来适应在新环境中交朋友。
例 (应用文写作之建议信)When travelling to a different region,it’s important to adjust your eating habits to local food.
当你去一个不同的地方旅行时,调整你的饮食习惯以适应当地的食物是很重要的。
归纳 拓展
·adjust...to...调整/调节……以适应……
adjust to (doing) sth 适应(做)……;习惯(做)……
adjust oneself to...使自己适应……
·make an adjustment/adjustments to...对……做出调整
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
After moving to China,he quickly adjusted to 　　　 　(interact) with people in Chinese.
The office chair has an　　　 　(adjust) height,so you can easily raise or lower it to find the most comfortable position for your work.
Making 　　 　　 (adjust) to your study habits can help you adapt better to the new learning environment.
When the freshmen enter a new school,it can take them some time
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (使他们自己适应新的学校生活).
interacting
adjustable
adjustments
to adjust themselves to the new school life
语境串词
In the new school life,when facing new challenges,you’d better adjust yourself to the new environment quickly,adjust your learning methods to the changes of courses,and make adjustments to your rest time.Only in this way can you study and live better.
在新的学校生活中,当面对新的挑战时,你最好让自己尽快适应新的环境,调整你的学习方法以适应课程的变化,并调整你的休息时间。只有这样,你才能更好地学习和生活。
3.concerned adj.担心的;关切的
·concern v.涉及,与……有关;让……担忧
n.担心,忧虑;关心
·concerning prep.关于
[教材原句] This book by Oscar Wilde tells the story of Dorian Gray,a very handsome young man who spends his life only concerned with his own pleasure,regardless of the suffering he brings to others.
奥斯卡·王尔德的这本书讲述了多里安·格雷的故事。格雷是一个非常英俊的年轻人,一生只关心自己的快乐,而不顾自己给别人带来的痛苦。
例 (读后续写之动作描写)When her best friend didn’t reply to messages for three days,Mary felt deeply concerned and decided to visit her in person.
当玛丽最好的朋友三天都没回复消息时,她感到非常担心,于是决定亲自去看望朋友。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.
科学家们仍在努力探究微塑料的危害程度,但他们所了解到的情况已经引发了人们的担忧。
例 (2024·浙江1月卷)Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.
由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据,没有人成功赢得对人工降雨公司的诉讼。
归纳拓展
·be concerned about/for对……担心;为……忧虑
be concerned with 与……有关;关心……
as far as...be concerned就……而言
·show/express one’s concern about/for对……表示关心/担心
温馨提示
concerned为形容词,作前置定语时意为“关心的;担忧的”,作后置定语时意为“有关的,相关的”。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Many people are concerned　　　　 the environmental pollution caused by plastic waste.
The problem is of great importance to all departments
(concern).
We received a lot of complaints 　　　 　(concern) the quality of service.
Food safety has become 　　　　 concern for all the people.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (在我看来),it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean.
about/for
concerned
concerning
a
As far as I’m concerned
重点句式
the+序数词(+名词)+不定式
[教材原句] He was the first to break the silence.
他率先打破了沉默。
例 She is always the first to answer questions.
她总是第一个回答问题的人。
例 (话题写作之人物介绍)In 1973,he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
1973年,他成为世界上第一个种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
归纳拓展
当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词修饰时,通常用不定式作后置定语。被修饰词与不定式之间通常是逻辑上的主谓关系。此外,被修饰词被形容词最高级或the only、the very、the last等修饰时也通常用不定式作后置定语。
[语境运用] 完成句子
进入高中后要做的第一件事就是养成良好的学习习惯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when you start high school is to develop good study habits.
他是唯一赢得该奖项的中国公民。
He is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the award.
最终,他找到了解这道数学题的办法。
Eventually,he found 　 .
The first thing to do
the only Chinese citizen to win
the very way to work out the maths problem
状语从句的省略
[教材原句] “But!” he said,as though hesitating whether to finish,“I am—I am deaf.”
“不过,”他说,似乎在犹豫着要不要说下去,“我是……我是聋人。”
例 The boy stared at the painting as though thinking deeply.
男孩盯着那幅画,仿佛在沉思。
例 He walked back and forth as though worrying about something.
他来回踱步,好像在担心什么事。
例 (应用文写作之告知信)If interested in it,you can send an email to me.
如果你对它感兴趣,你可以给我发送电子邮件。
归纳拓展
(1)状语从句的省略条件:①when、while、though、unless、if、even if/though、as if/though等引导的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it;②状语从句的谓语中含有be动词的某种形式。
(2)状语从句的省略形式:省略从句中的主语和be动词。
(3)状语从句的省略结构可以放在句首、句中或者句尾。
[语境运用] 完成句子
虽然被告知了许多次,但他就是不明白我们叫他做什么。
　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　,he had no idea what we would like him to do.
你看起来很累。如果是这样,你应该休息。
You seem to be tired.　　　　　　　　,you should take a break.
Although/Though (he was) told many times　
If (it is) so
在社区做志愿工作时,他结识了很多新朋友。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　,he made a lot of new friends.
(应用文写作之告知信)如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣,你可以给我发邮件。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　,you can email me.
While/When (he was) doing volunteer work in the community
If (you are) interested in the Chinese folk art
含否定意义的词或短语置于句首引起的部分倒装
[教材原句] Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment.
我从来没像现在这般审视自己的丑陋。
例 (读后续写之场景描写)Hardly had she finished her speech when the audience burst into applause.
她刚一结束演讲,观众就爆发出了掌声。
例 By no means should we give up our dreams.
我们绝不能放弃我们的梦想。
归纳拓展
含否定意义的词或短语,如never、not、neither、nor、seldom、hardly、rarely、scarcely、little、nowhere、in no way、by no means、at no time、on no condition、not until等位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装结构,即把助动词、情态动词移到主语之前,构成“否定词语+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语动词+其他”结构。
[语境运用] 完成句子/句型转换
他无论如何也不能在三天内完成这项艰巨的任务。
On no condition 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in three days.
直到老师再一次讲解,我才明白这道数学题。
Not until the teacher explained it again 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the maths problem.
can he complete the tough task
did I understand
I have never seen such a moving film.
→
He seldom goes to see a film.
→
They couldn’t understand it at the time and we couldn’t,either.
→
Never have I seen such a moving film.
Seldom does he go to see a film.
They couldn’t understand it at the time and neither/nor could we.
[教材原句] You have forgotten an unfortunate person who attempted to kidnap you one night,this same person to whom you showed kindness when he was being punished.
尝试分析:本句为主从复合句。 为who引导的定语从句, 为to whom引导的定语从句,修饰先行词this same person, 为when引导的时间状语从句。
自主翻译:你忘了,有天晚上,有个坏家伙想绑架你,你却在他被惩罚时对他表示友善。
长难句分析
[语境运用] 情境写作
他仍然记得那个鼓励他度过那些艰难日子的好心人,就是他走在街上时再次遇到的那个人。
He still remembers that kind person who encouraged him to go through those difficult days,this same person whom he met again when he was walking in the street.
写作微专题1
Writing about a literary work
1.文体类型:文学作品简介,属于说明文范畴,常用于简要介绍和评价小说。
2.要点内容:(1)作品名称、作者以及作品发表时间、评价等;(2)作品内容,包括人物和故事情节的简介。
文本解读
[思路指引]
1.书评类说明文文体首段常用句式。
The book written by...is about...
The novel is based on...
The book is set in...
...,written by...,is a remarkable work that has captivated readers since its publication.
Among the countless books I have read,...stands out as one of the most memorable and thought-provoking.
实用表达
2.书评类说明文文体中段常用句式。
The book tells a story of/about...
The story happens...,and ends up...
The heroine...,then...,and finally...
3.书评类说明文文体尾段常用句式。
The book reveals...and is popular with...
The book is highly praised and becomes a best-seller.
I was deeply moved/touched by...,which made me realise...
Reading...has been an eye-opening experience for me.It has given me a new perspective on...and inspired me to...
I highly recommend...to anyone who enjoys...,as it is not only entertaining but also intellectually stimulating.
假设你是李华,你校文学社团正在组织“我最喜欢的英文小说”评选活动。请你根据以下表格的信息,用英语介绍马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。
佳作建构
书名 《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》(The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)
作者 马克·吐温(Mark Twain)
内容 简介 哈克贝利是一个聪明、善良、勇敢的少年。他为了追求自由的生活,逃亡到密西西比河上。在逃亡途中他遇到了可怜的孩子吉姆并帮助其逃跑,一路上他们遭遇了许多艰难险阻,但最终取得了胜利
评价 深受全世界青少年读者的喜爱
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　 n.小说家
2.　　　　　　　　 讲述一个……的故事
3.　　　　　　　　 获得成功
novelist
tell a story of
make it
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.我最喜欢的英文小说是美国著名小说家马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。
My favourite English novel is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.这部小说讲述了哈克贝利的故事。
This novel 　　　　　　　　　　　　 Huckleberry.
3.他是一个聪明、善良、勇敢的少年。
He was a 　　　　 　　　　　　 teenager.
a famous American novelist　
tells the story of
smart,kind and brave
4.他为了追求自由的生活,逃亡到密西西比河上。
　　　　　　　　　　 freedom,he fled to the Mississipi River.
5.在逃亡途中,他遇到了一个名叫吉姆的可怜男孩并帮助他逃跑。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he met a poor boy named Jim and helped him escape.
6.他们在路上遇到了各种各样的人和许多困难,但最后他们还是成功了。
They met various people and many difficulties on their way,but they
　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the end.
In pursuit of
During the escape journey
made it
7.这部小说深受全世界青少年的欢迎,因为它充满了冒险经历。
The novel is very popular with teenagers throughout the world because it
　　　　　　　　　　　　.
is full of adventures
亮点提升
1.将句2和句3用同位语进行改写升级。
This novel tells the story of Huckleberry,a smart,kind and brave teenager.
2.将句6用让步状语从句进行改写升级。
Though/Although they met various people and many difficulties on their way,they made it in the end.
范文展示
My favourite English novel is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain,a famous American novelist.
This novel tells the story of Huckleberry,a smart,kind and brave teenager.In pursuit of freedom,he fled to the Mississipi River.During the escape journey,he met a poor boy named Jim and helped him escape.
Though/Although they met various people and many difficulties on their way,they made it in the end.
The novel is very popular with teenagers throughout the world because it is full of adventures.
写作练习
请你根据以下要点,用英语写一篇《麦琪的礼物》(The Gift of the Magi)的简介。内容包括:
1.主人公:Della和Jim(一对生活拮据但彼此深爱的年轻夫妻)。
2.故事梗概:圣诞节前夕,Della为给 Jim买表链,卖掉了自己珍贵的长发;而Jim为给Della买一套梳子,卖掉了祖传的金表。两人交换礼物时,才发现彼此的礼物虽因失去实用价值而显得“无用”,却饱含深沉的爱意。
3.主题:赞扬纯粹无私的爱,展现平凡人在困境中闪耀的人性光辉。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
参考词语:family heirloom(家族传家宝)、human brilliance(人性光辉)。
写作指导
One possible version:
The Gift of the Magi by O.Henry tells a touching story of Della and Jim,a young poor couple who love each other deeply.
On Christmas Eve,Della wanted to buy a chain for Jim’s precious watch.To get the money,she sold her long and valuable hair.Meanwhile,Jim sold his gold watch that was a family heirloom so that he could buy Della the set of combs she had long desired.When they exchanged gifts,they found their presents had lost practical value.However,these “useless” gifts are full of sincere and selfless love.
This story praises the true love between husband and wife and shows the human brilliance of ordinary people in difficult times.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之“点” 情感描写 相关词语 confused adj.困惑的,糊涂的　surprised adj.吃惊的,惊讶的　happy adj.快乐的,幸福的　cheerful adj.欢快的,高兴的　expression n.表情;神色　heartfelt adj.衷心的,诚挚的　compassion n.怜悯;同情　sadness n.伤心,难过　heartbreaking adj.令人悲伤的　profound adj.(感情)强烈的
tenderness n.柔情　bother v.(使)苦恼
动作描写 相关词语 pretend v.假装,装作　overlook v.忽视,忽略　acknowledge v.承认(某事属实或某情况存在)　exclaim v.(因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而)呼喊,惊叫
读后 续写 微技能之“点” 人物描写 相关词语 self-critical adj.自我批评的,自我批判的　plain-looking adj.长相一般的　skinny adj.极瘦的,皮包骨的　frightful adj.可怕的　monstrous adj.丑陋的;骇人的　righteous adj.正派的,正直的　plain adj.朴素的　independent adj.独立的　determined adj.有决心的　generous adj.慷慨的→ generosity n.慷慨　timid adj.胆小的,胆怯的　sensitive adj.敏感的　bookish adj.好读书的,书呆子气的　brave adj.勇敢的　loyal adj.忠贞的,忠实的,忠诚的 graceful adj.优美的,优雅的
读后续写 微技能之“线” I understand this more than most,as I have always been plain-looking.
(人物描写)
But I was surprised at how good I looked after the makeover! (情感
描写)
It’s true that inner beauty is very important,but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked.(主旨升华句)
He is a thin and bookish boy with untidy dark hair.(人物描写)
You,you are a ray of sunshine,a drop of dew,a birdsong,whilst I am something terrible,neither human nor beast.(比喻)
Then he began to laugh,and that laugh was the most heartbreaking sound in the world.(动作/情感描写)
读后 续写 微技 能之 “面”
读后续写——内在美的真谛
那个相貌平平的新生紧张地站在教室门口,一副困惑又胆怯的样子。后来,当我和她一起整理书本时,她坦言因为自己的外貌,很害怕被人忽视。一天,我正为糟糕的考试成绩难过时,她用真挚的关心给予了我发自内心的安慰。她的善良让我意识到,我们仅凭外表评判他人是多么错误。后来,当又有同学嘲笑她时,我大声喝止了他们。有一次,她对我说:“你让我感受到了被接纳。我想通过帮助更多人来回报你的善意。”她的话让我心中充满了深切的喜悦感,也真正明白了内在美远比外在容貌更耀眼。
读后 续写 微技 能之 “面”
The plain-looking freshman stood nervously at the classroom door,
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　.Later,while she and I were sorting the books together,she shared that she was afraid of 2.　　　　 　　　　 because of her appearance.One day,when I was upset about a bad exam result,she 3.
　　　　　　　　　　　 with her sincere care.Her kindness made me realise how wrong we were to judge others by their faces.Later,when some students made fun of her again,I 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.Once,she said to me,“You helped me feel accepted.I want to repay your kindness by helping more people.” Her words filled me with 5.　　　　 　　　　,and I truly understood that inner beauty shines far brighter than outer looks.
looking confused and timid
being overlooked
offered me
heartfelt comfort
exclaimed loudly to stop them
profound happiness
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.identical adj.完全相同的;非常相似的→ adv.完全相同地;非常相似地→ v.确认;发现;显示→ n.身份;相同;特征
2.skinny adj.极瘦的,皮包骨的→ n.皮肤
3.assumption n.假定,假设→ v.假定,假设;认为;承担(责任)→
conj.假设……为真,假如→ adj.假定的,假设的
4.saving n.积蓄→ v.节省;救
identically
identify
identity
skin
assume
assuming
assumed
save
5.psychology n.心理,心理过程→ adj.心理的→
adv.心理地→ n.心理学家
6.finding n.研究的结果;发现→ v.发现
7.frightful adj.可怕的→ n.惊吓→ v.使惊吓→ adj.感到害怕的→ adj.令人害怕的
8.loyal adj.忠贞的,忠实的,忠诚的→ adv.忠诚地;诚实地→ n.忠诚;忠心;忠贞
9.novelist n.小说家→ n.(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的;珍奇的
psychological
psychologically
psychologist
find
fright
frighten
frightened
frightening
loyally
loyalty
novel
prehension n.理解(力)→ v.理解→ adj.全部的;详尽的
11.expression n.表情;神色→ v.表达→ adj.表达的;有表现力的
12.compassion n.怜悯;同情→ adj.有同情心的;表示怜悯的
13.immense adj.巨大的→ adv.极其,非常
14.intently adv.专心地;一心一意地→ adj.专心的;一心一意的
15.tenderness n.柔情 → adj.温柔的
16.motive n.(尤指隐藏的)动机,原因,目的→ v.激励,激发→
adj.积极的,主动的→ n.动力;动机;积极性
comprehend
comprehensive
express
expressive
compassionate
immensely
intent
tender
motivate
motivated
motivation
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　 　 增强某人的自信心
2. 从头到脚
3. 在……中扮演角色/起作用
4. 努力
5. 给……留下印象
6. 偶然遇见
7. 秘密地
boost one’s confidence
from head to toe
play a part in
make an effort
make/leave an impression on
come across
in secret
8. 爱上
9. 公开地,当众
10. 出于怜悯
11. 被判处死刑
12. 某人难以理解
13. 无论如何
14. 抑制泪水
15. 不管,不顾
fall in love with
in public
out of mercy
be sentenced to death
beyond one’s comprehension
in any case
keep tears at bay
regardless of
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.why引导表语从句
(那就是为什么) I could never understand my sister,who has 17 lipsticks and can’t decide which one to use every morning.
句式仿写
(那就是为什么许多人努力改善自己的外表和内在品质。)
That’s why
That’s why many people strive to improve their appearances and inner
qualities.
2.what引导主语从句
(我真正钦佩的) is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful,but happier,too!
句式仿写
(我真正尊重的) is the way she recognises that excellent health not only enhances our beauty but also brings us greater joy!
What I really admire
What I truly respect
3.the+序数词(+名词)+不定式
He was (率先打破了沉默的人).
句式仿写
She was (第一个用笑声照亮房间的人).
the first to break the silence
the first to light up the room with laughter
4.状语从句的省略
“But!” he said, (似乎在犹豫着要不要说下去),“I am—I am deaf.”
句式仿写
He walked slowly (好像受伤了一样),limping slightly.
as though hesitating whether to finish
as if/though injured
5.部分倒装
my ugliness as at the present moment.(我从来没像现在这般明白自己的丑陋。)
句式仿写
(我从未意识到) how much I valued my friends’ support until I faced a difficult time all by myself.
Never have I viewed
Never have I realisedDeveloping ideas,Presenting ideas,Reflection
写作词汇
1.defect　　　　 n.缺点,缺陷,毛病
2.accent　　 n.口音
3.profound　 adj.(感情)强烈的,深切的
阅读词汇
1.kidnap　　　 v.绑架;劫持
2.torture　 v.拷打,拷问
3.execution n.(尤指依法的)处死
4.predicament n.尴尬的处境
5.repulsive adj.令人厌恶的
6.hunched adj.弓身的,弓背的
7.melancholy n.忧郁,无名的伤感
8.wretch n.可怜的人
9.exclaim v.(因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而)呼喊,惊叫
10.heartfelt　 adj.衷心的,诚挚的
11.exquisite　 adj.精美的,精致的
12.utter　 v.(尤指吃力地)发出(声音)
13.syllable n.音节
14.monster n.怪物
15.resemble v.像;与……类似,与……相似
16.savage adj.野蛮的
17.dew n.露水
18.whilst conj.而(用于强调两种情况、活动等之间的差别)
19.coarse adj.粗的,粗糙的
20.downtrodden adj.被践踏的,受压迫的,遭蹂躏的
21.pebble n.卵石,小圆石,砾石
22.heartbreaking adj.令人悲伤的
23.repay v.报答
拓展词汇
1.novelist n.小说家→novel n.(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的;珍奇的
2.comprehension n.理解(力)→comprehend v.理解→comprehensive adj.全部的;详尽的
3.expression n.表情;神色→express v.表达→expressive adj.表达的;有表现力的
4.compassion n.怜悯;同情→compassionate adj.有同情心的;表示怜悯的
5.immense adj.巨大的→immensely adv.极其,非常
6.intently adv.专心地;一心一意地→intent adj.专心的;一心一意的
7.tenderness n.柔情→tender adj.温柔的
8.motive n.(尤指隐藏的)动机,原因,目的→motivate v.激励,激发→motivated adj.积极的,主动的→motivation n.动力;动机;积极性
重点词块
1.tell a story of...　　 讲述一个……的故事
2.fall in love with 爱上
3.in public 公开地,当众
4.out of mercy 出于怜悯
5.be sentenced to death 被判处死刑
6.rescue...from... 把……从……中拯救出来
7.in silence　 沉默地
8.beyond one’s comprehension 某人难以理解
9.adjust to 适应
10.break the silence　 打破沉默
11.in any case 无论如何
12.compare...to... 把……和……相比
13.attempt to do sth 尝试做某事
14.keep tears at bay　 抑制泪水
15.regardless of　 不管,不顾
重点句型
1.Esmeralda is safe from execution as long as she stays inside the cathedral...(as long as引导条件状语从句)
只要埃斯梅拉达留在教堂内,她就可以免于被处决的危险……
2.Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted to it.(“so...that...”引导结果状语从句)
但他表现出那样的忧郁与那样的温顺,她便渐渐地适应了。
3.He was the first to break the silence.[the+序数词(+名词)+不定式]
他率先打破了沉默。
4.“But!” he said,as though hesitating whether to finish,“I am — I am deaf.”(状语从句的省略)
“不过,”他说,似乎在犹豫着要不要说下去,“我是……我是聋人。”
5.Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment.(部分倒装)
我从来没像现在这般审视自己的丑陋。
【课文注解·中英对照】
①tragic adj.悲惨的;悲剧的 ②send sb to do sth派某人去做某事 ③step forwards向前一步 ④out of mercy 出于怜悯 ⑤capture one’s heart 俘获某人的心 ⑥be sentenced to death被判处死刑 ⑦rescue her from an angry crowd从喧哗的人群中救下她 ⑧as long as只要 The Hunchback of Notre-Dame Published in 1831,The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic① story of events in Paris.Esmeralda’s beauty means that many men fall in love with her.One such man sends the hunchback Quasimodo to kidnap② Esmeralda.But Quasimodo fails and is captured and tortured in public.Esmeralda hears his call for water,and steps forwards③ out of mercy④.She offers Quasimodo a drink of water,which saves him and also captures his heart⑤.When Esmeralda is later sentenced to death⑥ for a crime she did not commit,Quasimodo rescues her from an angry crowd⑦ outside the Notre-Dame Cathedral.Esmeralda is safe from execution as long as⑧ she stays inside the cathedral... 巴黎圣母院 《巴黎圣母院》于1831年出版。它讲述了一个发生在巴黎的悲惨故事。埃斯梅拉达的美貌使无数男人为她倾倒。这些倾慕者中,有一个人派驼背的卡西莫多去绑架埃斯梅拉达。但卡西莫多失败了,在公共场合被捕并遭受酷刑。埃斯梅拉达听到他哀嚎着要水喝,油然而生的怜悯之心促使她走上前去。她给卡西莫多递上水,这不仅拯救了他的生命,也俘获了他的心。后来当埃斯梅拉达因莫须有的罪名被判死刑时,卡西莫多从巴黎圣母院大教堂外愤怒喧哗的人群中救下了她。只要她留在教堂内,就可以免于被处决的危险……
⑨in silence沉默地 knock knees 膝外翻 hunched back驼背 beyond one’s comprehension某人难以理解 adjust to适应 break the silence打破沉默 motion n.移动;动作 [熟词生义]poor adj.可怜的 heartfelt compassion发自内心的同情 exquisite beauty如此美丽 an awareness of对……的意识 utter a syllable发出一个音节 at the present moment此时此刻 be honest老实说,坦白说 a ray of sunshine一束阳光 neither...nor...既不……也不…… begin to laugh开始笑了起来 the most heartbreaking sound in the world世界上最令人痛心的声音 　　Esmeralda and Quasimodo were still for several moments,as they considered their predicament in silence⑨,she so graceful,he so repulsive.Every moment Esmeralda discovered some fresh defect in Quasimodo,as her glance travelled from his knock knee to his hunched bac,from his hunched back to his single eye.How anyone could be formed in such a way was beyond her comprehensio.Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted t it. He was the first to break the silenc.“So you were telling me to return ” She moved her head,and said,“Yes.” He understood the motio of the head.“But!” he said,as though hesitating whether to finish,“I am—I am deaf.” “Poo wretch!” exclaimed Esmeralda,with an expression of heartfelt compassio. He began to smile sadly. “You suppose that was all that I was missing,do you not Yes,I am deaf,that is the way I am made.It is horrible,is it not,next to your exquisite beaut!” 　　There lay in the accents of the unfortunate man so significant an awareness of his sadness that she had not the strength to utter a syllabl.In any case,he would not have heard her.He continued: “Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present momen.When I compare myself to you,I feel an immense pity for myself,poor unfortunate monster that I am! Be hones,to you I must resemble some savage creature.You,you are a ray of sunshin,a drop of dew,a birdsong,whilst I am something terrible,neither human no beast.I don ’t know what I am,as I am coarser,more downtrodden,and plainer than a pebble!” 　　Then he began to laug,and that laugh was the most heartbreaking sound in the worl.He continued: 　　埃斯梅拉达和卡西莫多许久没有动,默默地思考着自己尴尬的处境,一个是那样优美,一个是那么令人难以接受。每一刻,随着埃斯梅拉达的目光从卡西莫多的弯腿移到驼背,再从他的驼背移到独眼上,她都能在他身上发现更多的毛病。她难以理解一个人怎么能长得如此畸形。但他表现出那样的忧郁与那样的温顺,她便渐渐地适应了。 他率先打破了沉默:“那么你是叫我回来吗 ” 她点点头,答道:“是的。” 他明白点头的意思。“不过,”他说,似乎在犹豫着要不要说下去,“我是……我是聋人。” “可怜的人!”埃斯梅拉达喊道,发自内心地对他表示同情。 他苦笑起来。 “你觉得那就是我的所有缺陷,对不对 是啊,我是聋人,生来如此。真是可怕,不是吗 而你呢,你却如此美丽!” 从那不幸的人的语气里可以感受到他对自身的悲哀心知肚明,她没有勇气回答。何况即便回答,他也无法听到。他接着说道: “我从来没像现在这般审视自己的丑陋。当我把自己同你比较时,我就非常怜悯自己,我是多么可怜而不幸的怪物啊!说实话,你一定把我当成某种野兽了吧。你呀,你就像一束阳光,一滴露珠,一阵鸟鸣声,而我呢,却是一个可怕的东西,不像人也不像野兽。我不知道我是什么,我比卵石还要粗硬、难看、不显眼!” 然后他笑了起来,那是世界上最令人痛心的声音。他接着说道:
explain to sb向某人解释 watch sb intently专注地看着某人 attempt to do sth尝试做某事 a drop of water 一滴水 more than超过;多于 repay with my life用我的生命回报 with profound tenderness满心温柔地 keep the tear at bay抑制泪水 　　“Yes,I am deaf,but you shall talk to me with your hands as my master talks to me,and then I shall quickly know your wishes from the movement of your lips,from your expression.” “Well!”she smiled,“Explain to m why you rescued me.” He watched her intentl while she was speaking. “I understand,” he replied.“You ask me why I rescued you.You have forgotten an unfortunate person who attempted to kidna you one night,this same person to whom you showed kindness when he was being punished.A drop of wate and a little pity—that is more tha I can repay with my lif.You have forgotten that unfortunate soul,but he remembers it.” She listened to him with profound tendernes.A tear swam in the eye of Quasimodo,but did not fall.He seemed to make it a point of honour to keep it at ba. (Adaptation from The Hunchback of Notre-Dame by Victor Hugo) 　　“是啊,我是聋人。但你可以用手势对我讲话,就像我的主人跟我说话那样。这样,从你的口型和你的表情中,我很快就能明白你的意思。” “好啊!”她微笑着说道,“告诉我你为什么要救我。” 她说话的时候,他专注地看着她。 “我明白了,”他回答道,“你问我为什么要救你。你忘了,有天晚上,有个坏家伙想绑架你,你却在他被惩罚时对他表示友善。我即使为你赴汤蹈火,也报答不了那滴水和你的怜悯之心。你已经忘记那个不幸的人了,他却还记着你的恩情。” 她带着满心温柔听完他的话。一滴泪珠在卡西莫多的眼眶里滚动,却没有落下来。似乎不让眼泪落下来,他就可以维护自己的尊严。 (改编自维克多· 雨果的《巴黎圣母院》)
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与自我——人的外表和内心品质
2.语篇类型:小说
3.课文内容分析:文章通过展示男主人公卡西莫多和女主人公埃斯梅拉达之间的对话,表现了卡西莫多内心的痛苦和对美与善良的追求,以及埃斯梅拉达对卡西莫多态度的转变。阅读本文有利于引导学生进一步思考文学作品中人物外表与内心的冲突与矛盾,加深对单元主题的认识,并学会不以外表作为评判一个人的标准,树立积极健康的世界观、人生观和价值观。
多维解读·浅析结构
答案:1.comprehension　2.compassion　3.utter　4.silence　5.hesitating
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.Why did Quasimodo rescue Esmeralda
A.Because Quasimodo was so ugly,while Esmeralda was beautiful and kind.
B.Because Quasimodo fell in love with Esmeralda.
C.Because Esmeralda was the only one to show him kindness and mercy when Quasimodo was tortured in public.
D.Because they had known each other before.
(　　)2.Which of the following can best describe Quasimodo
A.Brave and grateful.　　　　　　　　　　　 B.Cruel and selfish.
C.Loyal and innocent. D.Simple but rude.
(　　)3.What can we learn from this passage
A.Inner beauty and external beauty are of equal importance.
B.One’s appearance plays an important part in daily life.
C.Ugly people tend to face different kinds of prejudice.
D.Someone’s physical appearance can actually be a complete contrast with who he or she is on the inside.
答案:1.C　2.A　3.D
1.mercy n.仁慈,宽恕,怜悯
·merciful adj.仁慈的,慈悲的
·merciless adj.无情的,残忍的
[教材原句] Esmeralda hears his call for water,and steps forwards out of mercy.
埃斯梅拉达听到他哀嚎着要水喝,油然而生的怜悯之心促使她走上前去。
例 After the boat’s motor failed,they were at the mercy of the weather.
船的马达坏掉后,他们只能任凭天气摆布了。
例 (读后续写之主旨升华)You know that showing mercy and understanding towards others can strengthen mutual trust and deepen human connections.
你知道,对他人表现出宽容和理解能够增强彼此之间的信任,并加深人与人之间的联系。
·without mercy 残忍地;毫不留情地 out of mercy 出于仁慈/怜悯 at the mercy of 任凭……的摆布 have (no) mercy on...(不)同情……; 对……(没)有怜悯心 show (no) mercy to...对……(不)仁慈/怜悯 ·be merciful to...对……仁慈
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The judge was 　　　　 (mercy) to the young man who had made a mistake out of ignorance.
(读后续写之情感描写)Watching the shore in the distance,we felt powerless as if we were tiny broken boats 　　　　 the mercy of strong waves.
The coach was strict and trained the players 　　　　 mercy,pushing them to their limits to prepare for the championship game.
他们对这位老人表示同情,因为他受的苦难太多了。
They 　　　　　　　　　　 the old man for he suffered a lot.
答案: merciful　 at　 without　 had mercy on/showed mercy to
2.adjust v.调整,调节;适应
·adjustment n.调整,调节
·adjustable adj.可调节的
[教材原句] Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted to it.
但他表现出那样的忧郁与那样的温顺,她便渐渐地适应了。
例 (话题写作之学校生活)It takes some time for freshmen to adjust themselves to making friends in a new environment.
新生需要一些时间来适应在新环境中交朋友。
例 (应用文写作之建议信)When travelling to a different region,it’s important to adjust your eating habits to local food.
当你去一个不同的地方旅行时,调整你的饮食习惯以适应当地的食物是很重要的。
·adjust...to...调整/调节……以适应…… adjust to (doing) sth 适应(做)……;习惯(做)…… adjust oneself to...使自己适应…… ·make an adjustment/adjustments to...对……做出调整
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
After moving to China,he quickly adjusted to 　　　　(interact) with people in Chinese.
The office chair has an　　　　(adjust) height,so you can easily raise or lower it to find the most comfortable position for your work.
Making 　　　　 (adjust) to your study habits can help you adapt better to the new learning environment.
When the freshmen enter a new school,it can take them some time 　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (使他们自己适应新的学校生活).
答案: interacting　 adjustable　 adjustments　 to adjust themselves to the new school life
In the new school life,when facing new challenges,you’d better adjust yourself to the new environment quickly,adjust your learning methods to the changes of courses,and make adjustments to your rest time.Only in this way can you study and live better.
在新的学校生活中,当面对新的挑战时,你最好让自己尽快适应新的环境,调整你的学习方法以适应课程的变化,并调整你的休息时间。只有这样,你才能更好地学习和生活。
3.concerned adj.担心的;关切的
·concern v.涉及,与……有关;让……担忧
n.担心,忧虑;关心
·concerning prep.关于
[教材原句] This book by Oscar Wilde tells the story of Dorian Gray,a very handsome young man who spends his life only concerned with his own pleasure,regardless of the suffering he brings to others.
奥斯卡·王尔德的这本书讲述了多里安·格雷的故事。格雷是一个非常英俊的年轻人,一生只关心自己的快乐,而不顾自己给别人带来的痛苦。
例 (读后续写之动作描写)When her best friend didn’t reply to messages for three days,Mary felt deeply concerned and decided to visit her in person.
当玛丽最好的朋友三天都没回复消息时,她感到非常担心,于是决定亲自去看望朋友。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.
科学家们仍在努力探究微塑料的危害程度,但他们所了解到的情况已经引发了人们的担忧。
例 (2024·浙江1月卷)Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.
由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据,没有人成功赢得对人工降雨公司的诉讼。
·be concerned about/for对……担心;为……忧虑 be concerned with 与……有关;关心…… as far as...be concerned就……而言 ·show/express one’s concern about/for对……表示关心/担心
　　concerned为形容词,作前置定语时意为“关心的;担忧的”,作后置定语时意为“有关的,相关的”。
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Many people are concerned　　　　 the environmental pollution caused by plastic waste.
The problem is of great importance to all departments 　　　　(concern).
We received a lot of complaints 　　　　(concern) the quality of service.
Food safety has become 　　　　 concern for all the people.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (在我看来),it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean.
答案: about/for　 concerned　 concerning a　 As far as I’m concerned
the+序数词(+名词)+不定式
[教材原句] He was the first to break the silence.
他率先打破了沉默。
例 She is always the first to answer questions.
她总是第一个回答问题的人。
例 (话题写作之人物介绍)In 1973,he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
1973年,他成为世界上第一个种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
　　当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词修饰时,通常用不定式作后置定语。被修饰词与不定式之间通常是逻辑上的主谓关系。此外,被修饰词被形容词最高级或the only、the very、the last等修饰时也通常用不定式作后置定语。
[语境运用] 完成句子
进入高中后要做的第一件事就是养成良好的学习习惯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when you start high school is to develop good study habits.
他是唯一赢得该奖项的中国公民。
He is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the award.
最终,他找到了解这道数学题的办法。
Eventually,he found 　 .
答案: The first thing to do　 the only Chinese citizen to win　 the very way to work out the maths problem
状语从句的省略
[教材原句] “But!” he said,as though hesitating whether to finish,“I am—I am deaf.”
“不过,”他说,似乎在犹豫着要不要说下去,“我是……我是聋人。”
例 The boy stared at the painting as though thinking deeply.
男孩盯着那幅画,仿佛在沉思。
例 He walked back and forth as though worrying about something.
他来回踱步,好像在担心什么事。
例 (应用文写作之告知信)If interested in it,you can send an email to me.
如果你对它感兴趣,你可以给我发送电子邮件。
(1)状语从句的省略条件:①when、while、though、unless、if、even if/though、as if/though等引导的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it;②状语从句的谓语中含有be动词的某种形式。 (2)状语从句的省略形式:省略从句中的主语和be动词。 (3)状语从句的省略结构可以放在句首、句中或者句尾。
[语境运用] 完成句子
虽然被告知了许多次,但他就是不明白我们叫他做什么。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he had no idea what we would like him to do.
你看起来很累。如果是这样,你应该休息。
You seem to be tired.　　　　　　　　,you should take a break.
在社区做志愿工作时,他结识了很多新朋友。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he made a lot of new friends.
(应用文写作之告知信)如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣,你可以给我发邮件。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,you can email me.
答案: Although/Though (he was) told many times　 If (it is) so　 While/When (he was) doing volunteer work in the community
If (you are) interested in the Chinese folk art
含否定意义的词或短语置于句首引起的部分倒装
[教材原句] Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment.
我从来没像现在这般审视自己的丑陋。
例 (读后续写之场景描写)Hardly had she finished her speech when the audience burst into applause.
她刚一结束演讲,观众就爆发出了掌声。
例 By no means should we give up our dreams.
我们绝不能放弃我们的梦想。
　　含否定意义的词或短语,如never、not、neither、nor、seldom、hardly、rarely、scarcely、little、nowhere、in no way、by no means、at no time、on no condition、not until等位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装结构,即把助动词、情态动词移到主语之前,构成“否定词语+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语动词+其他”结构。
[语境运用] 完成句子/句型转换
他无论如何也不能在三天内完成这项艰巨的任务。
On no condition 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in three days.
直到老师再一次讲解,我才明白这道数学题。
Not until the teacher explained it again 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the maths problem.
I have never seen such a moving film.
→
He seldom goes to see a film.
→
They couldn’t understand it at the time and we couldn’t,either.
→
答案: can he complete the tough task　 did I understand　 Never have I seen such a moving film.　 Seldom does he go to see a film.　 They couldn’t understand it at the time and neither/nor could we.
[教材原句] You have forgotten an unfortunate person who attempted to kidnap you one night,this same person to whom you showed kindness when he was being punished.
尝试分析:本句为主从复合句。 为who引导的定语从句, 为to whom引导的定语从句,修饰先行词this same person, 为when引导的时间状语从句。
自主翻译:你忘了,有天晚上,有个坏家伙想绑架你,你却在他被惩罚时对他表示友善。
　[语境运用] 情境写作
他仍然记得那个鼓励他度过那些艰难日子的好心人,就是他走在街上时再次遇到的那个人。
He still remembers that kind person who encouraged him to go through those difficult days,this same person whom he met again when he was walking in the street.
写作微专题1　Writing about a literary work
1.文体类型:文学作品简介,属于说明文范畴,常用于简要介绍和评价小说。
2.要点内容:(1)作品名称、作者以及作品发表时间、评价等;(2)作品内容,包括人物和故事情节的简介。
[思路指引]
1.书评类说明文文体首段常用句式。
The book written by...is about...
The novel is based on...
The book is set in...
...,written by...,is a remarkable work that has captivated readers since its publication.
Among the countless books I have read,...stands out as one of the most memorable and thought-provoking.
2.书评类说明文文体中段常用句式。
The book tells a story of/about...
The story happens...,and ends up...
The heroine...,then...,and finally...
3.书评类说明文文体尾段常用句式。
The book reveals...and is popular with...
The book is highly praised and becomes a best-seller.
I was deeply moved/touched by...,which made me realise...
Reading...has been an eye-opening experience for me.It has given me a new perspective on...and inspired me to...
I highly recommend...to anyone who enjoys...,as it is not only entertaining but also intellectually stimulating.
假设你是李华,你校文学社团正在组织“我最喜欢的英文小说”评选活动。请你根据以下表格的信息,用英语介绍马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。
书名 《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》(The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)
作者 马克·吐温(Mark Twain)
内容 简介 哈克贝利是一个聪明、善良、勇敢的少年。他为了追求自由的生活,逃亡到密西西比河上。在逃亡途中他遇到了可怜的孩子吉姆并帮助其逃跑,一路上他们遭遇了许多艰难险阻,但最终取得了胜利
评价 深受全世界青少年读者的喜爱
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　 n.小说家
2.　　　　　　　　 讲述一个……的故事
3.　　　　　　　　 获得成功
答案:1.novelist　2.tell a story of　3.make it
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.我最喜欢的英文小说是美国著名小说家马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。
My favourite English novel is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain,　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　.
2.这部小说讲述了哈克贝利的故事。
This novel 　　　　　　　　　　　　 Huckleberry.
3.他是一个聪明、善良、勇敢的少年。
He was a 　　　　　　　　　　 teenager.
4.他为了追求自由的生活,逃亡到密西西比河上。
　　　　　　　　　　 freedom,he fled to the Mississipi River.
5.在逃亡途中,他遇到了一个名叫吉姆的可怜男孩并帮助他逃跑。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he met a poor boy named Jim and helped him escape.
6.他们在路上遇到了各种各样的人和许多困难,但最后他们还是成功了。
They met various people and many difficulties on their way,but they 　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the end.
7.这部小说深受全世界青少年的欢迎,因为它充满了冒险经历。
The novel is very popular with teenagers throughout the world because it 　　　　　　　　.
答案:1.a famous American novelist　2.tells the story of　3.smart,kind and brave　4.In pursuit of　5.During the escape journey　6.made it　7.is full of adventures
1.将句2和句3用同位语进行改写升级。
2.将句6用让步状语从句进行改写升级。
答案:1.This novel tells the story of Huckleberry,a smart,kind and brave teenager.
2.Though/Although they met various people and many difficulties on their way,they made it in the end.
My favourite English novel is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain,a famous American novelist.
This novel tells the story of Huckleberry,a smart,kind and brave teenager.In pursuit of freedom,he fled to the Mississipi River.During the escape journey,he met a poor boy named Jim and helped him escape.Though/Although they met various people and many difficulties on their way,they made it in the end.
The novel is very popular with teenagers throughout the world because it is full of adventures.
　　请你根据以下要点,用英语写一篇《麦琪的礼物》(The Gift of the Magi)的简介。内容
包括:
1.主人公:Della和Jim(一对生活拮据但彼此深爱的年轻夫妻)。
2.故事梗概:圣诞节前夕,Della为给 Jim买表链,卖掉了自己珍贵的长发;而Jim为给Della买一套梳子,卖掉了祖传的金表。两人交换礼物时,才发现彼此的礼物虽因失去实用价值而显得“无用”,却饱含深沉的爱意。
3.主题:赞扬纯粹无私的爱,展现平凡人在困境中闪耀的人性光辉。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
参考词语:family heirloom(家族传家宝)、human brilliance(人性光辉)。
　　One possible version:
The Gift of the Magi by O.Henry tells a touching story of Della and Jim,a young poor couple who love each other deeply.
On Christmas Eve,Della wanted to buy a chain for Jim’s precious watch.To get the money,she sold her long and valuable hair.Meanwhile,Jim sold his gold watch that was a family heirloom so that he could buy Della the set of combs she had long desired.When they exchanged gifts,they found their presents had lost practical value.However,these “useless” gifts are full of sincere and selfless love.
This story praises the true love between husband and wife and shows the human brilliance of ordinary people in difficult times.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之“点” 情感描写 相关词语 confused adj.困惑的,糊涂的　surprised adj.吃惊的,惊讶的　happy adj.快乐的,幸福的　cheerful adj.欢快的,高兴的　expression n.表情;神色　heartfelt adj.衷心的,诚挚的　compassion n.怜悯;同情　sadness n.伤心,难过　heartbreaking adj.令人悲伤的　profound adj.(感情)强烈的 tenderness n.柔情　bother v.(使)苦恼
动作描写 相关词语 pretend v.假装,装作　overlook v.忽视,忽略　acknowledge v.承认(某事属实或某情况存在)　exclaim v.(因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而)呼喊,惊叫
人物描写 相关词语 self-critical adj.自我批评的,自我批判的　plain-looking adj.长相一般的　skinny adj.极瘦的,皮包骨的　frightful adj.可怕的　monstrous adj.丑陋的;骇人的　righteous adj.正派的,正直的　plain adj.朴素的　independent adj.独立的　determined adj.有决心的　generous adj.慷慨的→ generosity n.慷慨　timid adj.胆小的,胆怯的　sensitive adj.敏感的　bookish adj.好读书的,书呆子气的　brave adj.勇敢的　loyal adj.忠贞的,忠实的,忠诚的 graceful adj.优美的,优雅的
读后续写 微技能之“线” I understand this more than most,as I have always been plain-looking.(人物描写) But I was surprised at how good I looked after the makeover! (情感描写) It’s true that inner beauty is very important,but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked.(主旨升华句) He is a thin and bookish boy with untidy dark hair.(人物描写) You,you are a ray of sunshine,a drop of dew,a birdsong,whilst I am something terrible,neither human nor beast.(比喻) Then he began to laugh,and that laugh was the most heartbreaking sound in the world.(动作/情感描写)
读后续写 微技能之“面” 读后续写——内在美的真谛 那个相貌平平的新生紧张地站在教室门口,一副困惑又胆怯的样子。后来,当我和她一起整理书本时,她坦言因为自己的外貌,很害怕被人忽视。一天,我正为糟糕的考试成绩难过时,她用真挚的关心给予了我发自内心的安慰。她的善良让我意识到,我们仅凭外表评判他人是多么错误。后来,当又有同学嘲笑她时,我大声喝止了他们。有一次,她对我说:“你让我感受到了被接纳。我想通过帮助更多人来回报你的善意。”她的话让我心中充满了深切的喜悦感,也真正明白了内在美远比外在容貌更耀眼。 The plain-looking freshman stood nervously at the classroom door,1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　.Later,while she and I were sorting the books together,she shared that she was afraid of 2.　　　　　　　　 because of her appearance.One day,when I was upset about a bad exam result,she 3.　　　　　　　　　　　 with her sincere care.Her kindness made me realise how wrong we were to judge others by their faces.Later,when some students made fun of her again,I 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.Once,she said to me,“You helped me feel accepted.I want to repay your kindness by helping more people.” Her words filled me with 5.　　　　　　　　,and I truly understood that inner beauty shines far brighter than outer looks. 答案:1.looking confused and timid　2.being overlooked　3.offered me heartfelt comfort 4.exclaimed loudly to stop them　5.profound happiness
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.identical adj.完全相同的;非常相似的→identically adv.完全相同地;非常相似地→identify v.确认;发现;显示→identity n.身份;相同;特征
2.skinny adj.极瘦的,皮包骨的→skin n.皮肤
3.assumption n.假定,假设→assume v.假定,假设;认为;承担(责任)→assuming conj.假设……为真,假如→assumed adj.假定的,假设的
4.saving n.积蓄→save v.节省;救
5.psychology n.心理,心理过程→psychological adj.心理的→psychologically adv.心理地→psychologist n.心理学家
6.finding n.研究的结果;发现→find v.发现
7.frightful adj.可怕的→fright n.惊吓→frighten v.使惊吓→frightened adj.感到害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的
8.loyal adj.忠贞的,忠实的,忠诚的→loyally adv.忠诚地;诚实地→loyalty n.忠诚;忠心;忠贞
9.novelist n.小说家→novel n.(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的;珍奇的
prehension n.理解(力)→comprehend v.理解→comprehensive adj.全部的;详尽的
11.expression n.表情;神色→express v.表达→expressive adj.表达的;有表现力的
12.compassion n.怜悯;同情→compassionate adj.有同情心的;表示怜悯的
13.immense adj.巨大的→immensely adv.极其,非常
14.intently adv.专心地;一心一意地→intent adj.专心的;一心一意的
15.tenderness n.柔情 →tender adj.温柔的
16.motive n.(尤指隐藏的)动机,原因,目的→motivate v.激励,激发→motivated adj.积极的,主动的→motivation n.动力;动机;积极性
Ⅱ.重点词块
1.boost one’s confidence　　 　 增强某人的自信心
2.from head to toe 从头到脚
3.play a part in 在……中扮演角色/起作用
4.make an effort 努力
5.make/leave an impression on 给……留下印象
6.come across 偶然遇见
7.in secret 秘密地
8.fall in love with 爱上
9.in public 公开地,当众
10.out of mercy 出于怜悯
11.be sentenced to death 被判处死刑
12.beyond one’s comprehension 某人难以理解
13.in any case 无论如何
14.keep tears at bay 抑制泪水
15.regardless of 不管,不顾
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.why引导表语从句
That’s why(那就是为什么) I could never understand my sister,who has 17 lipsticks and can’t decide which one to use every morning.
句式仿写
That’s why many people strive to improve their appearances and inner qualities.(那就是为什么许多人努力改善自己的外表和内在品质。)
2.what引导主语从句
What I really admire(我真正钦佩的) is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful,but happier,too!
句式仿写
What I truly respect(我真正尊重的) is the way she recognises that excellent health not only enhances our beauty but also brings us greater joy!
3.the+序数词(+名词)+不定式
He was the first to break the silence(率先打破了沉默的人).
句式仿写
She was the first to light up the room with laughter(第一个用笑声照亮房间的人).
4.状语从句的省略
“But!” he said,as though hesitating whether to finish(似乎在犹豫着要不要说下去),“I am—I am deaf.”
句式仿写
He walked slowly as if/though injured(好像受伤了一样),limping slightly.
5.部分倒装
Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment.(我从来没像现在这般明白自己的
丑陋。)
句式仿写
Never have I realised (我从未意识到) how much I valued my friends’ support until I faced a difficult time all by myself.(共104张PPT)
Unit 1
Face values
[词汇串记·语段感知]
　　Good looks can sometimes really boost a person’s confidence in social interactions.However,we must not misjudge others primarily by their outward appearance.It’s a common stereotype to think some people lack charm—for this assumption often makes us overlook their inner virtues.We should acknowledge that appearance is just a small part of a person.
Everyone’s true worth lies in his character,a quality that can bring immense positive influence to those around them.
良好的外貌有时确实能增强一个人在社交互动中的自信心。然而,我们绝不能主要根据一个人的外在容貌去误判他人。认为某些人缺乏魅力是一种常见的刻板印象——因为这种假定往往会让我们忽视他们内在的美德。我们应当承认,外表只是一个人的一小部分。每个人真正的价值在于其品格,而这种品格能给其身边人带来巨大的积极影响。
Starting out,
Understanding ideas,
Using language
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
写作词汇
1. 　　 adj.自我批评的,自我批判的
2. 　 v.促进,推动
3. 　 v.(使)苦恼
4. v.承认(某事属实或某情况存在)
self-critical
boost
bother
acknowledge
阅读词汇
1.freckle 　　　 n.
2.enlarge v.
3.jawline n.
4.narcissist　　 n.
5.obsessive adj.
6.pretend v.
7.misjudge v.
(尤指脸上的)雀斑,斑点
(使)增大,扩大
下巴的形状
自我陶醉者
痴迷的,迷恋的;过度的(含贬义)
假装,装作
对(人或情况)判断错误
8.lipstick n.
9.dormitory n.
10.roommate n.
11.bizarre adj.
12.makeover n.
13.overlook v.
14.pill n.
15.stereotype n.
唇膏,口红
寝室
(尤指大学里的)室友
古怪的;奇异的
(以新衣服、新发型等进行的)打扮,装扮
忽视,忽略
药丸,药片
模式化的思想
16.welfare n.
17.righteous　 adj.
18.outward adj.
19.beast　 n.
20.timid　 adj.
21.coward n.
22.bookish adj.
帮助;福利
正派的,正直的
外表的,表面的
(尤指体型庞大或危险的)野兽
胆小的,胆怯的
胆小鬼;懦夫
好读书的,书呆子气的
拓展词汇
1. adj.完全相同的;非常相似的→identically adv.完全相同地;非常相似地→identify v.确认;发现;显示→identity n.身份;相同;特征
2. adj.极瘦的,皮包骨的→skin n.皮肤
3. n.假定,假设→assume v.假定,假设;认为;承担(责任)→
assuming conj.假设……为真,假如→assumed adj.假定的,假设的
4. n.积蓄→save v.节省;救
identical
skinny
assumption
saving
5. n.心理,心理过程→psychological adj.心理的→psychologically adv.心理地→psychologist n.心理学家
6. n.研究的结果;发现→find v.发现
7. adj.可怕的→fright n.惊吓→frighten v.使惊吓→frightened adj.感到害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的
8. adj.丑陋的;骇人的→monstrously adv.奇怪地;怪物似地→
monster n.怪物;恶人
9. adj.忠贞的,忠实的,忠诚的→loyally adv.忠诚地;诚实地→loyalty n.忠诚;忠心;忠贞
psychology
finding
frightful
monstrous
loyal
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.boost one’s confidence　
2.a lack of
3.a desire for
4.from head to toe
5.be surprised at
6.play a part in
增强某人的自信心
缺乏
对……的渴望
从头到脚
对……感到吃惊
在……中扮演角色/起作用
7.make an effort
8.make/leave an impression on
9.come across
10.keep fit
11.in secret
努力
给……留下印象
偶然遇见
保持健康
秘密地
重点句型
1. ,“It’s a pretty person’s world”.(as引导方式状语从句)
正如《丑女贝蒂》里的歌曲所唱的那样:“这是个看脸的世界。”
2.That’s ,who has 17 lipsticks and can’t decide which one to use every morning.(why引导表语从句)
所以我永远无法理解我姐姐,她有17支口红,每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。
As a song in Ugly Betty puts it
why I could never understand my sister
3.It can be an expression of our personalities,
.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
它可以表达我们的个性,也有助于我们给他人留下良好、积极的印象。
4.It plays a part in the image we present to the world,and
can leave a positive first impression on others and boost your confidence.(动名词短语作主语)
它(外在美)在我们呈现给世界的形象中扮演着重要的角色。努力提升你的外观可以给别人留下积极的第一印象,增强你的自信心。
helping us make a good and
positive impression on others
making an effort
with your appearance
5. ,she’s really attractive and has the confidence to be herself — even in an industry full of beauty stereotypes.(although引导让步状语从句)
虽然她比大多数模特都壮,但她真的魅力十足,并且有信心做自己——即使是在这个对美的概念有着刻板印象的行业。
6. is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful,but happier,too!(what引导主语从句)
我真正钦佩她的一点是,她认可健康的身体使我们不仅更美丽,而且更快乐!
Although she’s larger than most other models
What I really admire
【课文注解·中英对照】
It’s all about ME!
“Me”.It’s a small word with big meaning,and that meaning is as individual to each of us as the way we look.Through interviews,I was able to discover what “me” means to other people,and how they have learnt to appreciate the beauty in themselves①.
Psychologist,Dr Hart
一切都关于“我”!
“我”,这个小小的字有着十分丰富的含义。对于我们每个人来说,这个字的意义就像我们的外表一样,是因人而异的。通过这次采访,我得以发现“我”这个字对于其他人的意义,以及他们如何学会欣赏自己的美。
心理学家　哈特博士
①appreciate the beauty in themselves欣赏他们自己的美
Jade,24,accounting manager
As a song in Ugly Betty puts it②,“It’s a pretty person’s world”.I understand this more than most,as I have always been plain-looking③.I’m a girl who’d love to look good.Well,who wouldn’t So,ever since④ I discovered selfie apps that could remove my freckles,enlarge my eyes and even slim my jawline,I have become addicted.I spend hours every day editing my selfies⑤,posting them and eagerly checking my phone a hundred times for comments.Each “like” boosts my confidence⑥.Dad thinks I am a narcissist,but what I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone,so who cares
杰德,24岁,会计经理
正如《丑女贝蒂》里的歌曲所唱的那样:“这是个看脸的世界。”我比大多数人都更能理解这句话的含义,因为我一直相貌平平。我是个爱美的女孩。好吧,谁不是呢 所以,自从我发现自拍软件能消除我的雀斑,拉大眼睛,甚至削尖下巴,我就用上瘾了。我每天会花数小时修我的自拍照,发照片,并频繁地打开手机,迫切地查看评论。照片的每个“赞”都会增强我的自信。爸爸觉得我太自
恋,但我的解释是,我的照片没伤害其他人,管它呢
②put it说,表达,表述
③plain-looking adj.相貌平平的
④ever since自从
⑤spend hours every day editing my selfies每天花数小时修我的自拍照
⑥boost my confidence增强我的自信
Dr Hart says:
Obsessive online photo editing indicates a lack of self-confidence⑦ and a desire for attention⑧.However,the image Jade presents to obtain the praise of others is false.People who pretend to be someone⑨ they are not tend to misjudge⑩ themselves.
哈特博士说:
沉迷于修饰上传网络的照片,其实是缺乏自信和渴望关注的表现。不管怎样,杰德呈现给别人想要博取赞美的形象,都是虚假的。那些把自己包装成别人的人,往往只会对自己产生错误的判断。
⑦a lack of self-confidence缺乏自信
⑧a desire for attention渴望关注
⑨pretend to be someone假装成别人
⑩tend to do sth
往往会做某事
安东尼,21岁,大学生
我向来不关心自己的外表,所以我永远无法理解我姐姐,她有17支口红,每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。而我以前只有5条一模一样的裤子和5件一模一样的衬衫。当我第一次搬进大学宿舍时,室友看到我每天穿同样的衣服都十分困惑不解。上个月,他们给我报名参加了一个叫《全新的你》的电视节目。我最初感觉很怪异。我不喜欢被人从头到脚地打量。但经过一番装扮之后,我被自己的相貌震惊了!我人生中第一次发现,原来自己也可以是个英俊又体面的年轻人。在那一刻,我意识到外在美并非毫无价值。它可以表达我们的个性,也有助于我们给他人留下良好、积极的印象。
　 哈特博士说:
内在美固然非常重要,但也不能完全忽视外在美。外在美在我们呈现给世界的形象中扮演着重要的角色。努力提升你的外观可以给别人留下积极的第一印象,增强你的自信。
　 埃玛,17岁,高中生
从小我就比其他女孩块头大。很长一段时间,我都为此深受困扰。仅仅因为我“块头大”,别人就会盯着我看,我讨厌自己的样子。内心的焦虑促使我尝试各种可能的减肥方法,包括节食和吃减肥药,但是这样做毫无作用,反而给我带来了痛苦和不健康的身体。有一天,我偶然读到大号模特特丝·霍利迪的成功故事后,一切都发生了转变。虽然她比大多数模特都壮,但她真的魅力十足,并且有信心做自己——即使是在这个对美的概念有着刻板印象的行业。她的故事改变了我对美的含义的看法。我意识到,自己身心健康才是最重要的。现在,我每周锻炼几次,但只是为了保持健康。我的意思是,我壮实且快乐着,总比瘦却不健康要好得多吧
哈特博士说:
我完全赞同埃玛——健康才是美丽的,我们应该充满自信地接受这样的美丽。我真正钦佩她的一点是,她认可健康的身体不仅使我们更美丽,而且更快乐!
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与自我——对自我形象的认识和对外表的不同看法
2.语篇类型:专题讨论
3.课文内容分析:课文介绍了三位年轻人对自我形象的认知和对外表的不同看法,以及心理学家对他们观点的评价。阅读本文有利于学生加深对单元主题意义的认识,形成正确的自我认知和审美观,树立积极的人生态度。
多维解读·浅析结构
addicted
obsessive
appearance
boost
realises/acknowledges
agrees
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.What can we learn about Jade
A.She is addicted to selfie apps.
B.She is proud of her beautiful appearance.
C.She had an operation on her face.
D.Her father approves of her behaviour.
A
(　　)2.What does Emma mean by using the story of Tess Holliday
A.To help people lose weight.
B.To explain what it means to be beautiful.
C.To stress that Tess Holliday is attractive.
D.To explain what beauty stereotypes are.
B
(　　)3.What can we infer from Emma’s story
A.Health is the most important thing.
B.Her large body makes others confused.
C.She exercises much to make a good impression.
D.She thinks good figure is important.
A
(　　)4.What does this passage mainly show us
A.There must be beauty in both spirit and appearance.
B.People like beautiful looks rather than ugliness.
C.Self-confidence lies in physical and mental health.
D.The healthier you are,the happier you will be.
C
二次开发·深研课文
Jade is plain-looking,but she’d love to look good.So she spends hours every day 1.　　　　 (edit) her selfies,posting them and eagerly checking her phone for 2.　　　 　 (comment) by others.Each “like” boosts her
3.　　　 　 (confident).
Anthony never really cared 4.　　　　 his appearance.But he was surprised at how good he looked after the makeover! At that moment,he perceived that external beauty isn’t 5.　　　　 (total) worthless.
editing　
comments
confidence
about
totally
Emma is larger than other girls and in the past this really bothered her.Everything 6.　　　　 (change) when one day she came across the success story of a plus-size model,Tess Holliday.Her story has changed Emma’s ideas about 7.　　　　 it means to be beautiful.She realised that mental and physical health is the8.　　　 　 (important) thing.
Dr Hart thinks that the image Jade presents 9.　　　　 (obtain) the praise of others is false,that making an effort with our appearance can leave 10.　　　　 positive first impression on others and boost our confidence,and that being healthy is beautiful.
changed
what
most important
to obtain
a
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.pretend v.假装,装作
[教材原句] People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves.
那些把自己包装成别人的人,往往只会对自己产生错误的判断。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)I pretended to be calm—fingers tapping the desk gently as if organising thoughts,eyes scanning the question repeatedly—just to hide the panic.
我装作镇定自若——手指轻敲着桌面,仿佛在整理思绪,眼睛一遍又一遍地扫视着问题——只是为了掩饰内心的恐慌。
例 (读后续写之动作描写)Frank turned around,pretending not to notice me,
and hurried away.
弗兰克转过身来,假装没有看见我,匆匆离开了。
归纳拓展
pretend to do sth假装做某事
pretend to be doing sth假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth假装已经做了某事
pretend to be+adj./n.假装是……
pretend (that)...假装……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Seeing his boss coming in,he hurried to ring off and pretended
　　　　 (work).
Don’t pretend 　　　 　 (finish) all the exercises—keep practising and you’ll make real progress.
孩子们扮成不同的动物,随着音乐起舞。
The children 　　　　　　　 　　　 different animals,dancing to the music.
她的父亲试图假装没有什么不平常的事发生。
Her father tried to pretend that　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
to be
working
to have finished
pretended to be
nothing unusual had happened
2.tend v.倾向于;照料
·tendency n.倾向,偏好;趋势
[教材原句] People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves.
那些把自己包装成别人的人,往往只会对自己产生错误的判断。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning.
照料植物是对耐心和学习能力的一种锻炼。
例 The sort of music I listen to varies,but it tends towards light music.
我所听的音乐种类繁多,不过多是轻音乐。
例 (话题写作之学校生活)Among high school students,there is a growing tendency to participate in voluntary activities during their holidays,which helps them develop a sense of social responsibility.
在高中生当中,他们越来越倾向在假期期间参加志愿活动,这有助于他们培养自己的社会责任感。
归纳拓展
·tend to do sth 往往会做某事,倾向于做某事
tend to/towards... 趋向……,倾向……
tend (to) sb/sth 照顾某人/某物
·have a tendency to do sth 倾向/偏好做某事
There is a tendency (for sb/sth) to do sth.(某人/某物)有做某事的倾向/趋势。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
There is a growing 　　　　(tend) for people to shop online,and most people have the experience of shopping online.
Some individuals tend 　　 　　 pessimism,always seeing the negative side of things.
随着年龄的增长,人们往往会健忘。
→People　　　　　　　　　　　　 as they get older.(tend)
→People　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 as they get older.(tendency)
tendency
to/towards　
tend to forget things
have a tendency to forget things
3.identical adj.完全相同的;非常相似的
·identically adv.完全相同地;非常相似地
·identify v.确认;发现;显示
·identity n.身份;相同;特征
[教材原句] I only used to have five identical pairs of trousers and five identical shirts.
而我以前只有5条一模一样的裤子和5件一模一样的衬衫。
例 Although the two mobile phones look identical,the one with a small scratch on the back is my sister’s and the other belongs to me.
虽然这两部手机看起来一模一样,但背面有道小划痕的那部是我姐姐的,另一部是我的。
例 (2024·北京卷)When we slow down,we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions,which helps us identify important areas of our lives and gives us the opportunity to make right choices.
当我们放慢脚步时,我们创造了空间来反思自己的思想和情感,这有助于我们找到生活中的重要领域,并让我们有机会做出正确的选择。
归纳拓展
·be identical to/with 与……完全相同
be identical in 在……方面是相同的
·identify...as...认出……是……;显示……是……
identify with sb与某人产生共鸣;谅解某人
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Each student should carry their student ID card to prove their
(identify) at school.
The police identified the victim　　　　 someone they had been looking for through DNA testing.
The twins were 　　　 　(identical) dressed,making it difficult to tell them apart.
他们的研究结论与我们之前得出的结论完全相同。
Their research conclusion 　 the one we reached before.
identity
as
identically　
is identical to/with
4.bother v.(使)苦恼,打扰,使烦恼 n.困难,麻烦
[教材原句] For a long time,this really bothered me.
很长一段时间,我都为此深受困扰。
例 It bothered Kelly that she would be at a party with a bunch of kids she barely knows,a sense of worry creeping up on her.
让凯莉烦恼的是她要和一群她几乎不认识的孩子一起参加一场聚会,一种担忧感悄然袭来。
例 I’m very sorry for having bothered you with so many questions on such an occasion.
我很抱歉在这种场合用这么多问题来打扰您。
归纳拓展
·bother sb with/about sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother doing/to do sth 费心做某事
bother with/about sth 为某事费心
It bothers sb to do sth/that...做某事/……使某人烦恼
·have bother (in) doing sth 做某事很麻烦
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句式升级
He always bothers me　　　 　 little things,making it hard for me to concentrate on work.
It bothers me　　 　　(remind) him constantly to do his chores.
I really don’t bother 　　　 　(read) books that are too complex for my understanding.
with/about
to remind
reading/to read
Although I have been working hard,I can’t keep up with others and this bothers me greatly.
→Although I have been working hard,
　 . (it作形式主语)
→Although I have been working hard,
　 . (what引导主语从句)
it bothers me greatly that I can’t
keep up with others
what bothers me greatly is that
I can’t keep up with others
5.anxiety n.焦虑,忧虑;渴望;担心,害怕
·anxious adj.焦虑的;担心的;渴望的
·anxiously adv.焦急地;忧虑地
[教材原句] My anxiety drove me to try every means possible to lose weight,
including dieting and weight-loss pills,but this brought me nothing but pain and poor health.
内心的焦虑促使我尝试各种可能的减肥方法,包括节食和吃减肥药,但是这样做毫无作用,反而给我带来了痛苦和不健康的身体。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Getting to Shrewsbury Town Centre from London is challenging but worth the anxiety.
从伦敦到什鲁斯伯里镇中心的路途很有挑战性,但这种焦虑是值得的。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)She waited anxiously for the results of her college entrance examination.
她焦急地等待着自己大学入学考试的结果。
归纳拓展
·anxiety about/over... 对……的焦虑/忧虑
with anxiety 焦虑地
anxiety to do sth 做某事的渴望
anxiety for sth 对某物的渴望
·be anxious for sb/about sth 为某人/某事感到担忧
be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事
be anxious for... 渴望……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
(读后续写之情感描写)A wave of 　　　　(anxious) washed over her,making her heart pound like a drum and her palms clammy.
(读后续写之情感描写)All of us were waiting for Jenny　　 　　(anxious) when she came into the room with a big smile on her face.
anxiety
anxiously
According to the expert,as children grew,they became more anxious
　　　　(get) more public approval.
(读后续写之心理描写)Ultimately,he finished the project and was anxious
　　　　 everyone’s recognition.
to get
for
6.acknowledge v.承认(某事属实或某情况存在);(公开)感谢;告知收悉
·acknowledgement n.承认;感谢
[教材原句] What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful,but happier,too!
我真正钦佩她的一点是,她认可健康的身体不仅使我们更美丽,而且更快乐!
例 (应用文写作之道歉信)I sincerely apologise to you and acknowledge my mistakes.
我真诚地向你道歉,并承认我的错误。
例 It is universally acknowledged that life consists of not only sunshine but also storms.
普遍认为,生活中不仅有阳光,还有风雨。
归纳拓展
acknowledge that... 承认……
acknowledge sb/sth to be/as... 承认某人/某物是……
acknowledge doing/having done sth承认做了某事
It is generally/widely acknowledged that...
(人们)公认/普遍认为……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
People generally acknowledge this novel 　　　　 a classic in the history of literature.
(应用文写作之道歉信)I acknowledge 　　 　　(say) some harsh words to you yesterday.I was in a bad mood and didn’t mean to hurt you.Please forgive me.
人们普遍认为,均衡的饮食和定期锻炼对健康有益。
　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 a balanced diet and regular exercise are good for health.
as
saying/having said
It is generally/widely acknowledged that
7.assumption n.假定,假设;(责任的)承担,担任
·assume v.假定,假设;认为;承担(责任)
·assuming conj.假设……为真,假如
·assumed adj.假定的,假设的
[教材原句] How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about,because it’s not always obvious who is truly happy.
别人的感受不是我们应该妄加揣测的,因为谁真正快乐并不总是显而易见的。
例 It’s not right to make assumptions about someone’s character based on appearance alone.
仅仅根据外表来对一个人的性格做出假设是不对的。
例 It is generally assumed that drinking tea can not only refresh us but also strengthen our memory.
人们普遍认为,喝茶不仅可以提神,还可以增强我们的记忆力。
归纳拓展
·make assumptions/an assumption (about...) (对……)做出假设
on the assumption that... 假定……,假设……
·assume...to be... 假设/认为……是……
It’s assumed that... 人们认为……
·assuming (that)...假定……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
(应用文写作之建议信)The interviewers tend to make 　　　 　(assume) about you when they see you,so you should behave well and make a good impression on them.
(应用文写作之申请信)　　 　　(assume) that I am chosen to be a volunteer for the activity,I will serve the people heart and soul.
It is generally 　　　 　(assume) that this school activity attracted 200 participants to take part in.
assumptions
Assuming
assumed
I made an assumption that he was an experienced leader,so I assumed him to be capable of guiding us through the project.However,my assumption was wrong,as we encountered many difficulties under his leadership.Assuming (that) he had changed the way he managed the project,we would have done it much better.
我曾认为他是一位经验丰富的领导者,因此我认为他有能力带领我们完成这个项目。然而,我的假设是错误的,因为在他的领导下我们遇到了许多困难。假设他当时改变了管理项目的方式,我们肯定能做得更好。
语境串词
重点句式
It/This/That is why...这/那就是为什么……(why引导表语从句)
[教材原句] That’s why I could never understand my sister,who has 17 lipsticks and can’t decide which one to use every morning.
所以我永远无法理解我姐姐,她有17支口红,每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。
例 (2024·全国甲卷)That’s why this issue of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing.
那就是为什么本期《作家文摘》的宗旨在于帮助你弄清楚如何为你正在写的任何一种文体写出最好的结尾。
例 AI can analyse vast amounts of data in a short time.That is why it has been widely applied in various fields like medical diagnosis and traffic prediction.
人工智能能够在短时间内分析大量的数据。那就是为什么它在医疗诊断、交通预测等各个领域得到广泛应用。
归纳拓展
It/This/That is because...这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句)
The reason why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句)
[语境运用] 句型转换
Tom overslept this morning,so he was late for work.
→Tom overslept this morning.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(why引导表语从句)
→Tom was late for work.　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(because引导表语从句)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was that he overslept this morning.(why引导定语从句)
That was why he was late for work
That was because he overslept this morning
The reason why Tom was late for work
现在分词(短语)作伴随状语
[教材原句] It can be an expression of our personalities,helping us make a good and positive impression on others.
它可以表达我们的个性,也有助于我们给他人留下良好、积极的印象。
例 All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem.
他整夜躺着睡不着,思考着那个问题。
例 They sat in the classroom,reading the books borrowed from the library.
他们坐在教室里,阅读着从图书馆借来的书。
归纳拓展
现在分词(短语)作伴随状语,表示伴随情况,所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生,且与句子的主语之间是主动关系。现在分词(短语)作状语除了表示伴随,还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。
①现在分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,动词多是短暂性的。
②现在分词(短语)作状语,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语相一致。若不一致,则可以使用独立主格结构的形式。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(看到他们如此努力工作),I was moved and made up my mind to do something for them.
　　　　　　　 　　　(听到敲门声),I rose to my feet to open it.
Scientists are working on quantum (量子) computing,
(探索新的方式) to solve complex problems that traditional computers can’t handle.
He dropped the glass onto the floor,　　　　 　　　　(把它摔成了碎片).
Seeing them working so hard
Hearing a knock on/at the door
exploring new ways
breaking it into pieces
[教材原句] How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about, because it’s not always obvious who is truly happy.
尝试分析:本句为主从复合句。 为how引导的主语从句, 为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词something; 为because引导的原因状语从句, 为who引导的主语从句。
自主翻译:别人的感受不是我们应该妄加揣测的,因为谁真正快乐并不总是显而易见的。
长难句分析
[语境运用] 情境写作
青少年如何看待美是我们应该思考的问题,因为他们是否对美有正确的理解并不总是显而易见的。
How teenagers consider beauty is something that we should think about,because it’s not always obvious whether they have a proper understanding of beauty.
语法微专题1
主语从句
语法原句再现
Dad thinks I am a narcissist,but what I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone,so who cares
It’s true that inner beauty is very important,but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked.
What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful,but happier,too!
请注意上述句中加粗部分充当的句子成分以及属于的从句类型,并注意它们的引导词。
语法知识点拨
一、定义
用作主语的从句叫主语从句,它是名词性从句的一种。主语从句的时态不受主句时态的影响和限制。
二、引导主语从句的常见连接词
1.从属连词that、whether、if
(1)that引导主语从句只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,that本身无实际意义,但不能省略。
That online education has become an important part of modern education is obvious.
线上教育已经成为现代教育的一个重要组成部分。
(2)whether引导的主语从句既可以放在句首也可以放在句末,但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末,前面需用it作形式主语。whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,意为“是否”,不能省略。
Whether artificial intelligence will bring more benefits than risks to human society is still under debate.
人工智能是否会给人类社会带来更多益处而非风险仍在争论中。
It is still under discussion whether/if the old station should be replaced with a modern hotel.
是否该用一家现代化的旅馆取代这个旧车站仍在讨论中。
2.连接代词who、whoever、whom、whomever、whose、what、whatever、which、whichever等含有此类连接代词的主语从句语序为陈述语序,一般不用形式主语it引导。此类连接代词在句子中充当成分,不能省略,既有实际含义,又起连接作用。
Which athlete will break the record is not clear.
还不清楚哪位运动员将打破纪录。
Who discovered the new planet remains a mystery.
谁发现了这颗新行星仍然是个谜。
Whoever wants to make great achievements in science must be diligent and persistent.
任何想在科学领域取得重大成就的人都必须勤奋且坚持不懈。
温馨提示
①what和that引导的主语从句的区别
that 只起引导作用,不充当任何成分,本身无实际意义。what 不仅起引导作用,还要充当一定成分(主语、宾语或表语),意为“……的事情”。
What we need is more practice.(what在主语从句中充当动词need的宾语)
我们需要的是更多练习。
That she will win the speech contest is certain.(that在主语从句中不充当成分)
她是肯定会赢得这场演讲比赛的。
温馨提示
②whatever/whoever的用法
whatever/whoever可以引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语或宾语,不含疑问意义。whatever相当于anything that,whoever 相当于anyone who。
Whoever/Anyone who wants to enter this school must pass the exam.
(whoever在主语从句中充当主语)
无论谁想进入这所学校都必须通过考试。
Whatever/Anything that she did was right.(whatever在主语从句中充当动词did的宾语)
她做的任何事都是对的。
3.连接副词when、where、how、why
此类连接词既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当成分,不能省略。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.(how在主语从句中充当方式状语)
任何人都不清楚这是如何发生的。
When he will be back depends on the weather.(when在主语从句中充当时间状语)
他什么时候会回来取决于天气状况。
Where the party will be held is not yet decided.(where在主语从句中充当地点状语)
聚会将在哪里举行尚未决定。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
　　　　 ancient Chinese people invented paper-making is considered one of the greatest contributions to human civilisation.
　　　 　 the cultural heritage will be preserved for future generations depends on our current efforts.
It remains unknown 　　 　　 the new technology will be applied in daily life on a large scale.
　　 　　 students need most is not only knowledge but also critical thinking ability.
That
Whether
whether/if
What
三、主语从句后置
为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it 作形式主语,将主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。
That regular exercise improves memory is widely accepted by scientists.可改写为It is widely accepted by scientists that regular exercise improves memory.
用it 作形式主语的结构:
1.It+be动词+形容词+that 从句
常用于这一结构的形容词有obvious、true、surprising、good、wonderful、funny、possible、likely、certain、probable等。
It is most likely that those who study hard will achieve good grades.
努力学习的人最有可能会取得好成绩。
2.It+be动词+名词(短语)+that 从句
常用于这一结构的名词(短语)有fact、honour、pity、shame、surprise、no wonder、common knowledge等。
It’s a pity that she missed the important lecture.
很遗憾她错过了那场重要的讲座。
3.It+be动词+过去分词+that 从句
常用于这一结构的过去分词有said、reported、thought、expected、decided、announced等。
It is said that the famous scientist will give a lecture in our school next week.
据说那位著名的科学家下周将在我们学校开一场讲座。
4.It+不及物动词(短语)+that 从句
常用于这一结构的不及物动词(短语)有appear、seem、happen、prove、matter、turn out、occur to sb等。
It happened that I knew his address.
碰巧我知道他的地址。
温馨提示
①在“It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required that...”句型中,从句要用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语应用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
It is suggested that students (should) read more extra-curricular books to broaden their horizons.
有人建议学生们多读课外书来拓宽视野。
温馨提示
②在“It is important/natural/necessary/impossible that...”句型中,从句也要用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语应用“should + 动词原形”,should可以省略。
It is important and necessary that we (should) keep the balance of nature.
我们保持自然的平衡是重要且必要的。
[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　　　　　　　　 (据说) my roommate will go abroad for further study.
　　　　　　　　　　　　 (难怪) your students have made such great progress.
　　　　　　　　 (看起来好像) it is going to rain.
It is said that
It is no wonder that
It seems that
四、主语从句的规律
规律一:主语从句一律用陈述语序,即主语在前,谓语在后。
正:When he will come is not known.
误:When will he come is not known.
规律二:连词that 在从句中无实际意义,但不能省略。
正:That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.
误:He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.
规律三:whether 引导主语从句可以放在句首,但if不能。
正:Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
误:If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
规律四:主语从句中的连接词不能重复使用。
正:That he will help others is a fact.
误:That whether he will help others is a fact.
规律五:含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用第三人称单数形式。
正:What he will do next is a puzzle.
误:What he will do next are a puzzle.
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
　　　　 she was at the entrance to the cinema then was a big surprise to me.
　　 　　 the radiation will be controlled is still unknown.
What makes the shop different 　　　　 (be) that it offers more personal services.
That
Whether
is
真题体验
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)　　 　　 is estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.
It
答案及剖析:
1.It　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为“It is estimated that...”结构,意为“据估计……”,其中It为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的that从句。此处应用it来指代后面的that从句,且位于句首,首字母应大写。故填It。
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)　　　　 worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.
What
答案及剖析:
2.What　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,意为“……的事情”,应用what;单词位于句首,首字母应大写。故填What。
3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)She says it is essential 　　　 　 we keep control of artificial intelligence,or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
that
答案及剖析:
3.that　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,句中it为形式主语,设空处引导的从句作真正的主语,且从句中不缺成分,语义完整,应用that。故填that。
4.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)　　　　 I was to do was fly to Topeka to pick up Tiffy.
What
答案及剖析:
4.What　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导主语从句,在从句中作do的宾语,意为“……的事情”,应用what;单词位于句首,首字母应大写。故填What。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.完成句子
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　(据要求) all the members be present at the meeting.
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(无论谁最后离开房间) ought to turn off the lights.
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我在哪里度过暑假) has not been decided yet.
4.It’s uncertain 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(这个实验是否值得做).
It is required that
Whoever leaves the room last
Where I spend my summer vacation
whether/if the experiment is worth doing
5.　　　　　　　　　　　 (很显然) she has known the news.
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　 (我们何时出发) has not been decided yet,which makes everyone feel anxious.
7.　　　 　　　　　　　　　 (他是否会接受这份工作) remains a mystery,as he hasn’t given any response till now.
8.　　　　　　　　　　　　 (她所做的一切) for the children in the village has touched many people’s hearts deeply.
It is obvious that　
When we will set off　
Whether he will accept the job　
What she has done
9.　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (学生们应该均衡饮食) is of great importance to their physical and mental development.
10.　　　　　　　　　　　　(令人惊讶的是) the little girl can speak five foreign languages fluently at such a young age.
That students should have a balanced diet　
It is surprising that
Ⅱ.语篇填空
　　It is common sense 1.　　　　 beauty is a gift from heaven.However,
2.　　　　 people are likely to pay more attention to is often external beauty alone.3.　　 　　 assigns labels to people based on what others look like tends to misjudge others.For instance,teenagers are especially vulnerable to blind appearance worship.As a result,4.　　　　 they should follow the steps of some people sometimes confuses them.From another perspective,valuing inner beauty helps enhance personal charm and bring out the best of oneself.To sum up,
5.　　　　 we had better appreciate inner beauty is that all meaningful and lasting changes start on the inside.Likewise,we should learn how to transform ourselves by changing from within.
that　
what　
Whoever　
whether　
why

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