资源简介

(共95张PPT)
Unit 5　
Learning from nature
[词汇串记·语段感知]
Architects often take nature for granted but true wisdom lies in discovering,understanding and employing its principles.They take inspiration from nature,seek solutions to overcome challenges,and thereby position themselves at the frontier.They also recognise that applying these natural laws to architectural design can create buildings of superb harmony.This harmony can make occupants attain a sense of fulfilment,
thus enabling the buildings to truly become links connecting humanity and nature.
建筑师们经常将大自然(的存在)视为理所当然,但真正的智慧在于发现、理解和运用自然的法则。他们从自然中汲取灵感,寻求解决方法来战胜挑战,从而让自己处于前沿。他们也认识到,将这些自然法则运用到建筑设计中可以设计出极为和谐的建筑。这种和谐可以使居住者获得一种满足感,从而使建筑真正成为连接人与自然的纽带。
Starting out,
Understanding ideas,
Using language
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
写作词汇
1. 　　　　　　 n.池塘
2. v.播(种)
3. n.医生
pond
sow
physician
阅读词汇
1.lotus　　　　　　 n.
2.termite n.
3.mound n.
4.algae n.
5.pine cone
6.tile n.
7.mimic v.
莲花,荷花
白蚁
土堆,土丘
藻类(植物)
松果,松球
瓦片
模仿
8.waterfront n.
9.promenade n.
10.plumbing n.
11.biomimicry n.
12.dioxide n.
13.bat n.
14.echo-location n.
滨水地区
滨海步行道
管道系统
仿生学
二氧化物
蝙蝠
回声定位
15.radar n.
16.swimsuit n.
17.dragonfly n.
18.drone n.
19.spider n.
雷达
游泳衣
蜻蜓
无人驾驶飞机
蜘蛛
拓展词汇
1. n.建筑师→architecture n.建筑设计;建筑学→architectural adj.建筑学的;建筑上的
2. adj.极好的,出色的→superbly adv.雄伟地;壮丽地
3. v.使转变;使转换→conversion n.转变;转换;转化
4. n.(学科的)知识前沿→front n.前面;正面;前线 adj.前面的;前部的;正面的
architect
superb
convert
frontier
5. n.智慧→wise adj.明智的;充满智慧的→wisely adv.明智地;聪明地
6. v.使用,运用→employer n.雇主,雇用者,老板→employee n.雇员,受雇者→employment n.使用;雇用;就业→unemployment n.失业;失业人数
wisdom
employ
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.be used to　　　　　　
2.take...for granted
3.an example of...
4.be fed with
5.convert...into...
6.respond to
习惯于
认为……理所当然
……的一个例子
以……为养料
把……转变成……
响应,回应
7.live in harmony with
8.meet the needs of
9.be supposed to
10.seek solutions to
11.take inspiration from
12.come about
e into being
与……和睦相处
满足……的需求
应该
寻求解决方法
从……中获取灵感
发生
形成,产生
重点句型
1.In fact,we are used to them we may even take them for granted without realising .(“so...that...”引导结果状语从句;how much引导宾语从句)
事实上,我们已经习惯了它们的存在,甚至可能把它们视为理所当然,却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
so
that
how much inspiration they have given us
2. is natural to think in this way,but of course the umbrella
inspired the flower or the roof inspired the pine cone.(it作形式主语;强调句型)
以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
3.The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment .(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)
该建筑旨在展示自然和其所在的现代城市环境之间的联系。
It
it wasn’t
that
that
in which it sits
4. ,it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.(过去分词短语作状语)
它的形状像一朵莲花,漂浮在海滨长廊上,四周被水环绕。
5. such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.(动名词短语作主语)
创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与环境更和谐地相处。
Shaped to resemble a lotus flower
Creating buildings
【课文注解·中英对照】
Nature in Architecture
Trees,plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty① every day.In fact②,we are so used to them③ that we may even take them for granted④ without realising how much inspiration they have given us.When we look at a pine cone⑤,
we might think how much it looks like⑥ the tiles on a roof⑦.An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella.It is natural to think in this way,but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
建筑中的自然元素
我们身边都有花草树木,并且每天都能欣赏到它们的美。事实上,我们已经习惯了它们的存在,甚至可能把它们视为理所当然,却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。看到一个松果,我们可能会想它看起来多么像屋顶上的瓦片;看到一朵绽开的花,我们可能会觉得它和雨伞是多么相似。以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
①enjoy the beauty (of) 欣赏(……的)美
②in fact 实际上,事实上
③be used to sth 习惯于某事物
[拓]be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
④take...for granted 认为……理所当然
⑤pine cone 松果,松球
⑥look like 看起来像
⑦roof n.屋顶
[复数形式] roofs
⑧various adj.各种各样的
[派]variously adv.不同地
variety n.(同一事物的)不同种类,多种
式样
⑨continue to explore ways (to do) 继续探索(做……的)方法
⑩capture the beauty (of) 捕捉(……的)美
我们身边许多最迷人的设计,包括建筑设计,它们的灵感都来自大自然。从巴塞罗那森林般的圣家族大教堂到现代风格的北京水立方,在各式各样的建筑设计中都能发现自然元素。如今,建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法,模仿自然运行的方式,或者甚至让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。
be designed to do sth 为做某事而设计,目的是做某事
in the centre of在……的中心
be amazed to do sth 因做某事而感到惊讶
新加坡艺术科学博物馆
对探索艺术与科学的关系感兴趣的人会乐于参观新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。该建筑旨在展示自然和其所在的现代城市环境之间的联系。它的形状像一朵莲花,漂浮在海滨长廊上,四周被水环绕。它的屋顶可收集雨水,雨水顺着管道向下35米到达博物馆中心的瀑布。然后,水通过建筑的管道系统循环使用。当置身于这样一座如此真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时,参观者常常叹为
观止。
哈拉雷伊斯特盖特中心
哈拉雷伊斯特盖特中心是极好的仿生学范例。利用仿生技术就是在自然形态和过程的基础上创造建筑结构。津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴,从中得到启发,从而设计了伊斯特盖特中心。这种昆虫搭建表面覆有小洞的蚁丘,以保证蚁丘内外部的空气流通。伊斯特盖特中心也用了相似的方法,该建筑的“皮肤”上覆盖了很多洞。白天,暖空气通过洞口流入建筑内部,在流向建筑中部的过程中冷却下来。夜间,墙壁在白天吸收的热量使冷空气变暖,创造着适宜的内部温度条件。该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求,因此该建筑运行能耗和成本都较低。
an example of...……的一个例子
(be) based on
以……为基础
in a similar way
以类似的方式
during the day白天
reach the middle of the building到达建筑的中部
a comfortable
temperature适宜的温度
reduce the need for...减少对……的需求
heating systems 供暖系统
汉堡藻屋
世界上第一座藻类供能建筑位于德国汉堡。公寓楼表面的面板上覆盖着藻类。藻类以液体营养素和二氧化碳为养料,促进自身生长。阳光明媚的时候,它们长得更快,可以遮荫。这些面板还可以吸收太阳的热量,并转化为电能,给建筑物供电。除此之外,面板内的藻类可以收集起来,用于生产燃料。因此,该建筑不仅能够适应环境,减少能耗,而且自身可以产生可再生能源,减少对环境的危害。
创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与环境更和谐地相处。保护明天的世界,同时满足当下的需求,这可能是一项挑战,但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙,教我们如何实现这一目标。
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与自然——建筑设计与自然界的联系
2.语篇类型:说明文
3.课文内容分析:课文介绍了人类从自然界中获得灵感进行建筑设计的情况,并列举了三个代表性建筑。阅读本文有利于学生深入思考人类与自然的关系,合理利用自然资源,尊重自然规律,与自然和谐共生。
多维解读·浅析结构
fascinating
resemble
connection
was inspired
energy
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.What do we know about the roof of Singapore’s ArtScience Museum
A.Its shape is a rose flower.
B.It was constructed above a waterfall.
C.It can collect rainwater.
D.It has 35 metres of plumbing.
C
(　　)2.How does the passage mainly develop
A.By making a comparison.
B.By following the order of time.
C.By listing numbers.
D.By giving examples.
D
(　　)3.Where does this text probably come from
A.A travel guidebook.
B.A natural science magazine.
C.An advertisement.
D.A biography.
B
二次开发·深研课文
Nature has inspired many fascinating designs 1.　　　 architecture.
Singapore’s ArtScience Museum,2　　 　　 (shape) to resemble a lotus flower,was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment.Visitors are often amazed to find 3.
(they) in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce 4.　　　 　 (inspire) to create Harare’s Eastgate Centre while 5.　　　　 (watch) termites constructing their nests.
in
shaped
themselves
was inspired
watching
The design reduces the need for 6.　　　 　 (tradition) air conditioning and heating systems,so the building uses less energy and costs less to run.
The 7.　　 　　 (world) first algae-powered building is in Hamburg,
Germany.Its surface is covered in panels 8.　　　　 contain algae.The building therefore not only uses less energy,9.　　　 　 also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
Creating such 10.　 　　　 (building) enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
traditional
world’s
that
but
buildings
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.inspire v.激励,鼓舞;赋予灵感,引起联想
·inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的;激励的;启发灵感的
·inspired adj.品质优秀的;能力卓越的;受……影响的
·inspiration n.[U]灵感;[C]鼓舞人心的人或事
[教材原句] It is natural to think in this way,but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
例 Her speech at the graduation ceremony about never giving up dreams was so inspiring.
她在毕业典礼上关于永不放弃梦想的演讲非常鼓舞人心。
例 Inspired by her teacher’s encouraging words,she decided to take part in the English speech contest.
受到老师鼓舞人心的话语启发,她决定参加英语演讲比赛。
归纳拓展
·inspire sb 鼓舞某人
inspire sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
inspire sb with sth用某物激励某人;(=inspire sth in sb)使某人产生……感觉/情感
·be inspired by受到……的启发,由……获得灵感
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
　　　 　(inspire) by the beauty of nature,she decided to draw a picture.
When asked where her 　　 　　 for the novel came from,she said her father’s 　　 　　 words 　　　 　 her to write it.(inspire)
老师对科学的热情激励着学生们去探索并尝试新的想法。
The teacher’s passion for science
　.
Inspired
inspiration
inspiring
had inspired
inspires the students to explore and try
new ideas
2.amaze vt.使吃惊;使惊奇;使惊愕
·amazed adj.感到惊奇的;吃惊的
·amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的
·amazement n.惊奇;惊愕
[教材原句] Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
当置身于这样一座如此真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时,参观者常常叹为观止。
例 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Then he tried acupuncture,an ancient Chinese practice,
and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.
然后他尝试了针灸,这是一种古老的中国疗法,令他惊讶的是,经过两三次治疗后,他的病情就有所好转。
例 (2024·全国甲卷)I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to:her stories always make my history textbooks come alive.
我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成了一位交谈时如此令人惊叹的人:她的故事总能让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。
归纳拓展
·be amazed at/by...对……感到大为惊奇
be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇
·to one’s amazement 使某人大为惊奇的是
in amazement 惊讶地;惊愕地
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
It was 　　　　 (amaze) to see so many students volunteer to help clean up the park last weekend.
When she opened the present,she was 　　　　(amaze) to find a ticket to her favourite concert.
He stood in 　　　 　 (amaze),as the old photo suddenly brought back a flood of childhood memories.
　　　　　　　　　　　　(令我们惊讶的是),the building’s walls were painted with colourful murals overnight.
amazing
amazed
amazement
To our amazement
To my amazement,the small town I visited years ago has undergone remarkable changes.The changes amazed even the locals,who couldn’t help but be amazed at the amazing development their town had undergone.
令我惊讶的是,多年前我参观过的那个小镇如今已发生了巨大的变化。这些变化甚至让当地人也感到十分惊叹,他们不禁为自己所在的小镇所取得的惊人的发展感到惊奇。
语境串词
3.absorb v.吸收;吞并;理解;掌握;使专心
·absorbing adj.十分吸引人的;引人入胜的
·absorbed adj.精神集中的
·absorption n.专心致志;全神贯注;吸收
[教材原句] At night,the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air,creating a comfortable temperature inside.
夜间,墙壁在白天吸收的热量使冷空气变暖,创造着适宜的内部温度条件。
例 (读后续写之动作描写)She was absorbed in doing maths exercises,fingers tightly holding a pen,ignoring the bell.
她全神贯注于做数学题,手指紧紧握着笔,没听到铃声。
例 (读后续写之动作描写)She took out a book,started to read and soon got absorbed in it.
她拿出一本书,开始阅读,很快就沉浸其中了。
归纳拓展
·absorb sb 吸引某人的注意力
absorb...from...从……中吸收……
·be/get absorbed in 专心致志于,全神贯注于
be absorbed by/into 被……吞并/吸收
温馨提示
表示“全神贯注于”的常见短语还有be lost in、be buried in、fix/focus one’s attention on、devote oneself to、concentrate one’s mind on、apply oneself to等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
Every weekend,she gets 　　 　　(absorb) in painting,spending hours creating breathtaking landscapes.
The teacher’s 　　　 　(absorb) lecture on history made the students completely forget the passage of time.
Vitamin D is necessary to aid the 　 　　　(absorb) of calcium from food.
absorbed
absorbing
absorption
汤姆专心于他的工作,以至于忘记了通知她这件事。
→Tom was so　　　　　　　　　　　　 that he forgot to inform her of the issue.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　,Tom forgot to inform her of the issue.(过去分词短语作状语)
absorbed in his work
Absorbed in his work
4.respond vi.回复,回答;对……做出反应
·response n.回答,答复;反应;响应
[教材原句] The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy,but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
因此,该建筑不仅能够适应环境,减少能耗,而且自身可以产生可再生能源,减少对环境的危害。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)I forced a smile,unsure how to respond further.
我勉强挤出一丝微笑,不知道该如何进一步答复。
例 The manager said he would give a clear response to our proposal next week.
经理表示他下周会对我们的提案给出明确答复。
归纳拓展
·respond to 回答;对……做出反应
·in response to 作为对……的回应
make a/no response to 对……做出反应/不予回应
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
(读后续写之动作描写)I looked at her face for her 　　 　　(respond),
but she just stared at me blankly.
The English teacher organised a speaking contest　　　　　　　　(作为
对……的回应)students’ enthusiasm for oral English.
卡尔没有回答我的问题,继续吃他的饭。
→Carl 　　　　　　　　　　 my question and carried on with his meal.(respond)
→Carl 　　　　　　　　　　　　 my question and carried on with his meal.(response)
response
in response to
didn’t respond to
made no response to
5.harmony n.融洽;和谐,协调
·harmonious adj.融洽的,和谐的
·harmoniously adv.融洽地,和谐地
[教材原句] Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与环境更和谐地相处。
例 Our class is like a big harmonious family,where everyone helps and cares for each other.
我们班就像一个和谐的大家庭,在这里,大家彼此帮助、相互关心。
例 (读后续写之主旨升华)It occurred to me that we should live in harmony with animals and treat them with kindness.
我突然想到,我们应该与动物和谐相处,并且友善地对待它们。
归纳拓展
in harmony with...与……相处融洽
social/racial harmony 社会/种族融洽
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
There are several ways to create and maintain a 　 　　　 (harmony) dormitory life.
(应用文写作之倡议书)Instead of conquering nature,we should learn to get along with it 　　　 　 (harmony).
She lives 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　(与邻居们相处融洽),
greeting them warmly every morning and lending a hand whenever someone is in need.
harmonious
harmoniously
in harmony with her neighbours
6.challenge n.挑战;艰巨任务 v.(向某人) 挑战
·challenging adj.具有挑战性的;考验能力的
[教材原句] To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge,but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
保护明天的世界,同时满足当下的需求,这可能是一项挑战,但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙,教我们如何实现这一目标。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)But for me,it was the first challenge I encountered as an international student in Ireland.
但对我来说,这是我在爱尔兰作为国际学生所面临的第一个挑战。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Getting to Shrewsbury Town Centre from London is challenging but worth the anxiety.
从伦敦前往什鲁斯伯里镇中心虽然颇具挑战,但那些焦虑都是值得的。
归纳拓展
·challenge sb to sth 向某人挑战做某事
challenge sb to do sth 强烈建议某人做某事
·accept/take up/take on a challenge 接受挑战
face a challenge 面临挑战
meet the challenge of 迎接……的挑战
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I wish you and your family all the best in the 　 　　　(challenge)
future.
The environmental campaign challenged people 　　　　(take) active steps to protect our planet.
Many students in the class took 　　　　 the challenge of participating in the national science competition.
　　　　　　　　　　　(面对挑战),we should stay calm and think of practical solutions instead of giving up easily.
challenging
to take
up/on
Facing challenges
重点句式
强调句型
[教材原句] It is natural to think in this way,but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)Hanging his head down,Bob felt so regretful and ashamed because he realised it was his fault that had put them into this situation.
鲍勃低下了头,他感到非常后悔和愧疚,因为他意识到是自己的过错让他们陷入了这样的境地。
例 (读后续写之主旨升华)It was his encouraging words that gave me the courage to face difficulties.
正是他鼓励的话语给了我面对困难的勇气。
温馨提示
①强调句型的基本句式是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他”,所以看到it is/was开头的句子,先判断是不是强调句,方法是去掉it is/was 和that/who,如果剩余的部分仍能组成完整的句子(有时需调整语序),则该句是强调句。
②not until的强调句型是“It is/was not until...+that+其他”。
[语境运用] 句型转换
He spent the summer vacation with his friends in a seaside village last year.
→
　.(强调主语)
→
　.(强调宾语)
→
　.(强调地点状语)
→
　.(强调时间状语)
It was he that/who spent the summer vacation with his friends in a seaside village last year
It was the summer vacation that he spent with his friends in a seaside village last year
It was in a seaside village that he spent the summer vacation with his friends last year
It was last year that he spent the summer vacation with his friends in a seaside village
长难句分析
[教材原句] Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests.
尝试分析:本句为复合句。 为状语从句的省略形式,充当时间状语,相当于
时间状语从句“while he was watching...”; 为定语从句,修饰documentary,in which相当于where,在从句中充当地点状语。
自主翻译:津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴,从中得到启发,从而设计了伊斯特盖特中心。
[语境运用] 情境写作
科学家们在得知蝙蝠的回声定位可以用来识别物体的位置并避免相互碰撞时,从中得到了启发,从而改善了雷达系统。
Scientists were inspired to improve radar systems when they learnt echo-location by which bats can identify the positions of objects and avoid crashing into each other.
语法微专题5
非谓语动词(1)
——非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语　
语法原句再现
Today,architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms...
Shaped to resemble a lotus flower,it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
请注意上述句中加粗部分的形式、所在的位置以及充当的句子成分。
语法知识点拨
英语中的非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。
一、非谓语动词区别简表
类别 to do doing done
含义 表主动或 将来 表主动或 (正在)进行 表被动或
完成
成 分 主语 √ √ —
宾语 √ √ —
表语 √ √ √
定语 √ √ √
状语 √ √ √
补足语 √ √ √
否定 (not) to do (not) doing (not) done
时 态 一般时 to do doing done
进行时 to be doing — —
完成时 to have done having done —
完成 进行时 to have been doing — —
语 态 一般 被动式 to be done being done —
进行 被动式 — — —
完成 被动式 to have been done having been done —
二、不定式
不定式不可作谓语,但它可以有自己的宾语、状语,构成不定式短语,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、“连词+不定式”等。
1.作主语
不定式作主语表示具体的动作,通常指已知的事或目的。单个的不定式作主语时,谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。
To say is a thing,and to do is another.
说是一回事,做是另外一回事。
温馨提示
不定式短语较长时,通常用it作形式主语。
It is important to learn English well.
学好英语很重要。
(应用文写作之演讲稿)It is a great honour to be invited to give a speech here.
很荣幸受邀在此发表演讲。
2.作宾语
(1)通常用不定式作宾语的动词有want、wish、hope、long、expect、desire、intend、decide、ask、promise、aim、offer、agree、plan、learn、choose、refuse、fail、manage、pretend等。
He chose to study engineering at university.
他选择在大学学习工程学。
(读后续写之情感描写)He was very nervous while standing on the stage,but he managed to keep calm.
他站在舞台上时非常紧张,但他设法保持镇静。
(2)不定式作宾语较长时,也可用it作形式宾语,把真正的宾语放在后面。
He feels it good to exercise regularly.
他觉得定期锻炼有好处。
(3)“特殊疑问词+不定式”具有名词特征,可作宾语。
They haven’t decided when and where to build the library.
他们还没决定什么时候、在哪里建图书馆。
(4)不定式可作介词but、except、besides (除……之外)的宾语,介词前有实义动词do的任何一种形式,后面的不定式就不带to,否则必须带to。
I want to do nothing but play basketball.
我只想打篮球。
I have no choice but to wait.
除了等,我别无选择。
3.作表语
(1)不定式作表语放在be或其他系动词后,说明主语的内容。同样,“特殊疑问词+不定式”具有名词特征,也可作表语。
The key to protecting the environment is to reduce waste in daily life.
保护环境的关键是在日常生活中减少浪费。
The first question is how to find a better way to learn English well.
第一个问题是怎样找到一个学好英语的更好的办法。
(2)不定式作主语时,表语也必须为不定式,结构必须保持一致。
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
(3)如果主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词是实义动词do的某种形式,那么作表语的不定式可以省去to。
The first thing he did after getting up was (to) make the bed.
他起床后做的第一件事就是整理床铺。
The only thing he could do was (to) tell the truth.
他唯一能做的事就是说出真相。
三、动词-ing形式
动词-ing形式有一般时和完成时,有主动式和被动式,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。
1.作主语
动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象动作,指已知的事或经验。单个的动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。
Participating in volunteer activities enriches my life experience.
参加志愿者活动丰富了我的生活经验。
Reading is my hobby.
阅读是我的业余爱好。
2.作宾语
通常用动词-ing形式作宾语的动词有admit(to)、avoid、appreciate、consider、dislike、enjoy、escape、excuse、finish、imagine、keep、mind、miss、practise、risk、resist、suggest等。
She enjoys posting workout content on social media.
她喜欢在社交媒体上发布健身的相关内容。
I keep thinking back to the day when I first arrived here.
我不断回想我刚到这儿的那一天。
温馨提示
以下动词词组后面可接动词-ing形式作宾语:give up、belong to、look forward to、keep on、insist on、be busy、get down to、be devoted to、have difficulty/trouble (in)、have a good/wonderful time (in)等。
The environmentalist is devoted to protecting the endangered animals.
这位环保主义者致力于保护濒危动物。
3.作表语
动词-ing形式可作表语,常表示主语的内容或所具有的特征。
His hobby is painting.
他的业余爱好是画画。
温馨提示
动词-ing形式作表语,相当于形容词,含有主动意味,主语通常是事或物,一般用来表示事物的性质,常见的有interesting、amusing、boring、tiring、pleasing、exciting、moving、disappointing、surprising、encouraging等。
His story was very moving.
他的故事很感人。
四、过去分词
过去分词既有形容词的特征又有动词的特征,在句中可作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
过去分词作表语表示被动意义,主语通常是人,一般用来表示人的感受和状态,常见的可以用作表语的过去分词有astonished、delighted、disappointed、excited、experienced、exhausted、frightened、interested、puzzled、qualified、satisfied、upset等。
温馨提示
有些过去分词作表语实际上已经构成固定短语,如be interested in、be satisfied with、be covered with、be dressed in、be seated、be locked in等。能用这些分词作表语的系动词有be、get、remain、stay等。
The mountains in winter are covered with thick snow.
冬天,山上覆盖着厚厚的积雪。
We were greatly encouraged when we heard the speech.
我们听演讲时大受鼓舞。
真题体验
1.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)　 　　　(tend) to plants is an exercise in patience and learning.
Tending
答案及剖析:
1.Tending　考查非谓语动词作主语。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　(tend) to plants”是句子的主语部分,此处应用动名词短语作主语;设空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填Tending。
2.(2025·浙江1月卷)“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today,
and I know that doesn’t always mean 　　 　 　 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
returning　
答案及剖析:
2.returning　考查非谓语动词作宾语。分析句子结构可知,此处为固定搭配mean doing sth,意为“意味着做某事”,应用动名词作宾语。故填returning。
3.(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,the national parks,in particular,tend 　　　　(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
to catch
答案及剖析:
3.to catch　考查非谓语动词作宾语。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　(catch) our attention”部分作动词tend的宾语,tend to do sth意为“倾向于做某事”。故填to catch。
4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)You may be 　　 　　(amaze) how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
amazed
答案及剖析:
4.amazed　考查非谓语动词作表语。分析句子结构可知,“　　　(amaze)” 部分位于be之后,在句中作表语,修饰主语You。故填amazed。
5.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Recalling 　　 　　(watch) a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion,
Edmondson said,“It was very 　　　　(excite) to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
watching
exciting
答案及剖析:
5.watching;exciting　考查非谓语动词作宾语和表语。分析句子结构可知,
“　 　(watch) a Chinese opera version...in Shanghai”部分作Recalling的宾语,recall doing sth意为“回忆起做过某事”,应用watching; 句中“　 (excite)”位于was之后,充当表语,修饰表示事物的主语it,应用动词-ing形式exciting,表示“令人激动的”。故填watching、exciting。
语法专项训练
语篇填空
　　1.　　　　(stay) focused during senior high school is vital for students aiming to enter their dream universities.Many of us find it 2.
(challenge) to balance study and rest,but 3.　　 　　 (manage) time wisely can make a big difference.Teachers often tell us that 4.　　 　　 (review) lessons regularly is more effective than 5.　　　 　 (cram) before exams.
Staying
challenging
managing
reviewing
cramming
When we feel tired,6.　　　　 (take) a short walk or listening to soft music helps 7.　　　　 (release) stress.We should also remember 8.
(ask) for help when we meet difficulties,because the support from friends and family gives us the courage 9.　　　　 (keep) going.Finally,believing in ourselves is the best way 10.　 　　　 (achieve) our goals.
taking
(to) release
to ask
to keep
to achieveDeveloping ideas,Presenting ideas,Reflection
写作词汇
1.bow　　　　　　 v.鞠躬
2.rural adj.农村的,乡村的
3.cottage n.乡村小屋
4.withdraw v.退出
阅读词汇
1.decent　　　　　 adj.可接受的,相当好的
2.lane n.(乡间的)小路
3.atop prep.在……顶上
4.mulberry n.桑葚;桑树
拓展词汇
1.superficially adv.表面(上)地→superficial adj.表面的;肤浅的;表层的
2.deliberately adv.不慌不忙地,从容不迫地→deliberate adj.不慌不忙的;从容不迫的;小心翼翼的;故意的 v.仔细考虑;深思熟虑→deliberation n.细想;考虑;审议;从容
3.domestic adj.驯养的;家养的→domestically adv.国内地;家庭式地;适合国内地
4.depressive adj.抑郁的→depress v.压抑;使沮丧;使萧条→depression n.抑郁症;沮丧;不景气,萧条期
5.reluctant adj.不情愿的;勉强的→reluctantly adv.不情愿地;勉强地→reluctance n.不情愿;勉强
6.depart v.离开→departure n.离开
7.purity n.纯洁;洁净→pure adj.纯的;纯洁的;纯粹的→purify v.净化
8.resign v.使自己顺从于(做)某事;安于→resignation n.顺从;辞职;辞职信
9.botanical adj.植物(学)的→botany n.植物学→botanist n.植物学家
10.reject v.拒绝接受→rejection n.拒绝接受;拒收;排斥
11.ease n.舒适,悠闲→easy adj.容易的;舒适的;随和的→easily adv.容易地;很可能
12.attain v.得到,获得→attainable adj.可达到的;可获得的→attainment n.达到;获得;成就;造诣
13.fulfilment n.满足(感)→fulfil v.实现;履行;执行;符合;具备→fulfilled adj.满足的
14.evaluate v.评估,评价→evaluation n.评估,评价→evaluable adj.可估值的;可评价的
重点词块
1.in one’s early twenties　 在某人二十出头时
2.make dramatic transformations to对……做出巨大/戏剧性的转变
3.feel conflicted over 感到与……冲突/有矛盾
4.in return for 作为对……的回报
5.draw...from... 从……中得到……
6.a reaction to 对……的反应
7.be opposed to 反对
8.withdraw from 离开,退出,撤回
9.in contrast to 与……形成对比
10.devote oneself to 致力于,献身于
11.resign oneself to 使(某人)自己顺从 于……
12.at ease with 不拘束,放松
重点句型
1.In 405,he quit the service of the court for good,expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”.(现在分词短语作状语;that引导同位语从句)
公元405年,陶渊明永久辞去了官职,以表达他对仕途的不满,用今天他的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。
2.From his poetry,we can learn that although his life was arduous,he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.(although 引导让步状语从句)
我们可以从他的诗歌中看出,尽管生活艰苦,但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感,并从大自然中获得乐趣。
3.While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to,Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.(while用作并列连词,意为“而,然而”)
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应,而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
4.Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper,as we do.(that引导宾语从句;as引导方式状语从句)
梭罗的写作意图是使人们信服:动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。
5.It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature,as both Tao and Thoreau did.(it作形式主语;as引导方式状语从句)
像陶渊明和梭罗那样,拒绝简单熟悉的事物,转而尝试更亲近大自然,这需要相当大的勇气。
【课文注解·中英对照】
①polar opposites 截然相反 ②intense respect for 对……的深切尊重 ③an influential figure 一位有影响力的人物 ④reconnect with 重新连接;回归 ⑤feel conflicted over 对……感到矛盾 ⑥work the land 耕种土地;躬耕 ⑦succeed in doing sth成功做某事 ⑧in its simplicity 在其简朴之中 ⑨draw pleasure from 从……中获得乐趣 ⑩a reaction to 对……的反应 be opposed to反对 ocus on 专注于 live deliberately 有意识地生活;审慎生活 withdraw from 远离;退出 seek a harmonious relationship with 寻求与……的和谐关系 Back to Nature Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets,but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America.Superficially,these two men,whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1,500 years,were polar opposites①.And yet they shared an intense respect for② nature,which made them each an influential figure③ of their time. Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with④ nature.As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty ,Tao felt conflicted over⑤ life at court.In 405,he quit the service of the court for good,expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”.He spent the next 22 years until his death,working the land⑥ in a poor,rural area.From his poetry,we can learn that although his life was arduous,he succeeded in finding⑦ contentment in its simplicity⑧ and in drawing pleasure from⑨ nature. While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction t a lifestyle he was opposed t,Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.He had a decent quality of life,but he wanted to live in a simpler way.For two years,two months and two days,he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond,focusing o himself and his writing.He explained his reason for doing so in Walden: “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberatel,to front only the essential facts of life.”Both men were happy to withdraw fro contemporary life,seeking a harmonious relationship wit nature in the quietness of their lives. 回归大自然 陶渊明和亨利·大卫·梭罗都是诗人,但是一位生活在古代中国,另一位生活在19世纪的美国。表面上看,这两个人生活在不同的时代,相隔近一千五百年,迥然不同。然而,他们都非常尊重自然,这使得他们在各自的时代都成为有影响力的人物。 为了重归自然,两人的生活都发生了戏剧性的转变。陶渊明是东晋的官员,但是对官场生活感到困惑。公元405年,陶渊明永久辞去了官职,以表达他对仕途的不满,用今天他的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。在之后的22年里,直到生命的尽头,他躬耕于田野,生活在清贫的农村。我们可以从他的诗歌中看出,尽管生活艰苦,但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感,并从大自然中获得乐趣。 陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应,而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。虽然梭罗过着体面的生活,但他希望活得更简单些。长达两年两个月零两天,他住在瓦尔登湖边森林里的一间小屋里,专注于自身和写作。他在《瓦尔登湖》中解释了这样做的原因:“我步入丛林,是因为我希望自由地生活,只面对生活中的基本事实。”两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退,在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
in other words换句话说 in contrast to 与……形成对比 is critical of 批判; 对……持批评态度 emphasise the beauty and purity of 强调……的美丽与纯净 devote oneself to 投身于;致力于 convince people that使人们相信…… have a right to live and prosper有生存和繁荣的权利 live with them in harmony 与它们和谐共处 considerable courage 巨大的勇气 live closer to nature更亲近大自然 living simply简单生活 　　Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way,their works show its beauty and value.Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages,in other word,rural,and his animals are domestic ones,such as chickens and dogs.The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast t and critical of the depressive court life: Beyond the dark and distance lies a village, The smoke above reluctant to depart. A dog is barking somewhere down the lane, And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree. Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him.Devoting himself t observations of the natural phenomena,he recorded his detailed findings in his journals.Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people tha animals and plants had a right to live and prospe,as we do.We should live with them in harmon and enjoy nature’s gifts,as he describes in his journals: Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air,drink the drink,taste the fruit,and resign yourself to the influences of each.Let them be your only diet,drink and botanical medicines. It takes considerable couragto reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to natur,as both Tao and Thoreau did.Their choices led them to quiet and reflective lives with fewer material desires.In today’s modern world,their ideas about living simpl and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment. 尽管陶渊明和梭罗对待自然的方式不同,但他们的作品都展现了自然的美丽和价值。陶渊明的自然是田野和村庄,换句话说,是田园。他的动物们都是家养的,比如鸡和狗。他描写的平静祥和的生活,与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比,是对压抑的官场生活的批判: 暧暧远人村,依依墟里烟。 狗吠深巷中,鸡鸣桑树颠。 梭罗在描述自然时,重点描绘了他周围原野的美丽与纯粹。他全身心投入到观察自然现象中,并在日记中详细地记录了自己的发现。梭罗的写作意图是使人们信服:动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。我们应该与它们和谐共处,享受大自然的恩赐,正如他在日记中描述的那样: 好好度过每一个季节,呼吸新鲜的空气,畅饮美酒,品尝水果,尽情享受这一切。让生活中只有饮食和草药。 像陶渊明和梭罗那样,拒绝简单熟悉的事物,转而尝试更亲近大自然,这需要相当大的勇气。他们的选择使他们过上了平静而沉思的生活,物质欲望减少了。在今天这个现代化的世界,他们所倡导的简朴生活理念和与自然和谐相处的态度,或许会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足感更近一步。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与自然——诗人对自然的热爱和对田园生活的向往
2.语篇类型:论说文
3.课文内容分析:文章通过介绍、比较中外田园诗人陶渊明和亨利·戴维·梭罗生活的年代,回归田园生活的社会背景、原因以及写作风格的异同,表达了他们对自然的热爱和对田园生活的向往,帮助学生学会用比较的写作手法介绍人物。阅读本文有利于学生加深对单元主题的理解,并初步掌握人物介绍的基本内容、文体特征和写作手法,在比较文化异同的同时,汲取国外文化中的精华,并弘扬中国优秀传统文化,坚定文化自信。
多维解读·浅析结构
答案:1.nature　2.conflicted　3.personal decision　4.happy　5.reject
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.What did Tao and Thoreau want to get from nature
A.A longer lifespan. B.Personal well-being and fulfilment.
C.Some famous works. D.Tiring work.
(　　)2.What did Tao and Thoreau have in common
A.They treated nature in the same way.
B.They both lived in the 19th century.
C.They were both responsible for their families.
D.Their works showed the beauty of nature.
(　　)3.What does the author think of the closeness to nature
A.It will make us more satisfied. B.It will make us braver.
C.It will make us stronger. D.It will make us thoughtful.
(　　)4.What kind of writing is the passage
A.A research report. B.A travel guide.
C.A comparative essay. D.An advertisement.
答案:1.B　2.D　3.A　4.C　
1.oppose v.反对,抵制;与……角逐
·opposed adj.反对的;截然不同的
·opposite adj.对面的;相反的n.对立的人(或物);对立面prep.与……相对,在……对面 adv.在对面地
[教材原句] While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to,Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应,而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
例 His opinion is opposite to mine on this issue.
在这个问题上,他的观点和我的相反。
例 The environmental volunteers oppose people littering in the park.
环保志愿者们反对人们在公园里乱扔垃圾。
·oppose (sb/sth) doing sth 反对/抵制(某人/某物)做某事 ·be opposed to 反对;对抗(to是介词) ·be opposite to 在……对面;与……相反
　　表达“反对做某事”的短语还有object to doing sth、be against doing sth等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
Most of the local residents are opposed 　　　　 the new plan that may destroy the forest nearby.
She tried calming him down but it seemed to have the 　　　　(oppose) effect.
我反对经常吃垃圾食品,因为这对健康有害。
→I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 as it’s bad for health.(oppose)
→I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 as it’s bad for health.(opposed)
答案: to　 opposite　 oppose eating junk food regularly;am opposed to eating junk food regularly
2.contrast v.& n.对比,对照
[教材原句] The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life...
他描写的平静祥和的生活,与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比,是对压抑的官场生活的批判……
例 To understand the style of this artist,you can contrast his early paintings with his later ones.
要理解这位艺术家的风格,你可以把他早期和晚期的画作相比。
例 In contrast to traditional teaching methods,online learning offers more flexibility.
与传统的教学方法相比,在线学习提供了更高的灵活性。
·contrast A with/and B　把A与B相比 contrast (sharply) with...与……形成(鲜明)对比 ·contrast between A and B　A与B之间的差异 in contrast to...与……相比 by contrast 相比之下
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
　　　　 contrast to the noisy cafeteria,the library is a quiet place to study.
After contrasting Advanced Literature 　　　　 Abstract Art,I have decided to choose the latter as my optional course.
The modern skyscrapers in the city centre 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(与……形成鲜明对比) the old-fashioned cottages in the suburbs.
The weather today is sunny and warm;　　　　　　　　　(相比之下),yesterday it was rainy and cold.
答案: In　 with/and　 contrast sharply with　 by contrast
3.convince v.使信服;劝说
·convinced adj.坚信的,深信的,确信的
·convincing adj.令人信服的,有说服力的
[教材原句] Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper,as we do.
梭罗的写作意图是使人们信服:动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。
例 (2025·浙江1月卷)“There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through,but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says.
“在育儿过程中,有很多事情都值得好好沟通,但我并不认为饮食问题属于其中之一,”她说。
例 The scientist’s research findings convinced the academic community of the new theory’s validity.
这位科学家的研究结果让学术界相信这一新理论的有效性。
·convince...of/that...使……确信……,使……相信…… convince sb to do sth说服/劝服某人做某事 ·be convinced of确信/相信…… be convinced that...坚信……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
If you can provide specific examples to support your idea,your argument will be more　　　(convince) than just empty words.
Scientists are 　　　　(convince) of the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.
我相信你会在比赛中脱颖而出的。
→I 　 your standing out in the competition.(be convinced of)
→I 　 you will stand
out in the competition.(be convinced that)
答案: convincing　 convinced　 am convinced of;am convinced that
4.ease n.舒适,悠闲 v.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解
·easy adj.容易的;舒适的;随和的
·easily adv.容易地;很可能
[教材原句] In today’s modern world,their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment.
在今天这个现代化的世界,他们所倡导的简朴生活理念和与自然和谐相处的态度,或许会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足感更近一步。
例 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else.
缓解热门旅游目的地压力的最佳方法是去其他地方旅游。
例 Sharing our worries with friends often helps ease the pressure we feel in daily life.
和朋友倾诉烦恼通常有助于缓解我们在日常生活中感受到的压力。
·at (one’s) ease (with...) (和……在一起)不拘束,放松 with ease 轻松地,毫不费力地 put sb at ease 使某人放松/自在 ·ease sb of sth 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句型转换
He began to pursue an 　　　　(ease) and comfortable life.
She completed the maths test 　　　　 ease,getting a perfect score.
She feels 　　　　 ease with her new colleagues,as they all share a sense of humour.
He eased himself of anxiety and felt at ease.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he felt at ease.(过去分词短语作状语)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he felt at ease.(现在分词短语作状语)
答案: easy　 with　 at　 Eased of anxiety;Easing himself of anxiety
[教材原句] While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to,Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
尝试分析:本句是复合句。句中While作并列连词,意思为“而,然而”,表前后意义上的对比。 为定语从句,修饰a lifestyle; 为不定式短语作后置定语,修饰a personal decision; 为定语从句,修饰the way。
自主翻译:陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应,而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
　[语境运用] 情境写作
约翰去了大学,选择了他从小就感兴趣的专业,然而他哥哥却放弃了继续深造的机会,成为一名乡村教师,从而改变了自己的生活方式。
While John went to college and chose the major that he was interested in from an early age,his elder brother gave up the chance of further education and worked as a teacher in a village,changing the way he lived.
写作微专题5　Writing about a lesson from nature　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
1.文体类型:描述从自然界中获得的经验或教训,属于夹叙夹议文,常用于对事物发展过程进行描述和评价。
2.要点内容:(1)描述蝴蝶破茧挣扎的过程和结果;(2)与人们成长的过程进行比较,阐述自然规律,并总结从中获得的启示。
[思路指引]
1.首段常用句式。
One day,I was...when I saw that...
Seeing...I realised that...was ready to...
All of a sudden...came into my sight.
2.中段常用句式。
The tiny creature was trying hard to...
The struggle was too hard for its weak body.
Without the struggle,it was too weak to live.
3.尾段常用句式。
Similarly,we can cooperate and collaborate in order to...
In the same way,we need struggle to grow strong and survive.
This story indicates that...
It’s not surprising for us to draw wisdom from nature.
　　某英文刊物正在进行关于 “自然界给我们的启示” 的征文活动。请你根据以下内容,以“The Power of Unity”为题,用英语写一篇短文。内容包括:
　　1.一个阴沉沉的下午,一只蚂蚁正驮着一块面包屑艰难地走着;
2.突然,食物掉了下来,然后蚂蚁跑了;不一会儿,一群蚂蚁赶来了……
3.感悟:人心齐,泰山移。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
The Power of Unity
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　 adj.极好的,出色的
2.　　　　　　　　 v.离开
3.　　　　　　　　 似乎,好像
4.　　　　　　　　 挣扎着做某事
5.　　　　　　　　 认为……理所当然
6.　　　　　　　　 一群
7.　　　　　　　　 轻松地,毫不费力地
8.　　　　　　　　 齐心协力
答案:1.superb　2.depart　3.as if　4.struggle to do sth　5.take...for granted　6.a group of　7.with ease　8.pull together
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.一天下午,天气多云,好像要下雨了。
One afternoon,it was cloudy 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 rain.
2.当我来到院子里时,我看到一只蚂蚁正驮着一大块面包屑艰难地走着。
When I came to the yard,I saw an ant 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a big piece of bread crumb.
3.突然它滑倒了,食物滚开了。
Suddenly it slipped and the food 　　　　　　　.
4.我想当然地认为蚂蚁太累了,搬不动那块面包。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the ant was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the bread.
5.接着,这只蚂蚁离开了。它为什么离开了
Then the ant departed.Why 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6.正当我纳闷时,来了一群蚂蚁。
Just as I was wondering,　　　　　　　　 ants arrived.
7.哦,蚂蚁去找“帮手”了!这群蚂蚁开始挤在食物周围。
Oh,the ant went to fetch “helpers”!The group of ants began to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
8.它们一起扛起了面包!
Together they 　　　　　　　　　　!
9.最终它们轻松地运走了这块面包。
Finally,they carried the bread away 　　　　　　　　　　　.
10.一只蚂蚁可能看起来很弱小,但一群蚂蚁会成为一个优秀而又强大的群体。
An ant may look weak,but a group of ants will become 　　　　　　　　　　.
11.我们应该向蚂蚁学习。
We should 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the ants.
12.为了集体的利益,我们必须齐心协力,团结一致。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 the group,we must 　　　　　　　　　 and unite as one.
答案:1.as if it was going to　2.struggling to walk with　3.rolled away　4.took it for granted that; too tired to carry　5.did it depart　6.a group of　7.crowd around the food　8.shouldered the bread　9.with ease　10.a superb and powerful whole　11.learn from　12.For the benefit of;pull together
将句11和句12用同位语从句进行改写升级。
答案:We should learn from the ants that for the benefit of the group,we must pull together and unite as one.
The Power of Unity
One afternoon,it was cloudy as if it was going to rain.When I came to the yard,I saw an ant struggling to walk with a big piece of bread crumb.Suddenly it slipped and the food rolled away.I took it for granted that the ant was too tired to carry the bread.Then the ant departed.Why did it depart Just as I was wondering,a group of ants arrived.Oh,the ant went to fetch “helpers”!The group of ants began to crowd around the food.Together they shouldered the bread! Finally,they carried the bread away with ease.
An ant may look weak,but a group of ants will become a superb and powerful whole.We should learn from the ants that for the benefit of the group,we must pull together and unite as one.
　　假设你是李华,你在春天发现一只燕子衔泥垒窝,最终做成了一个漂亮的窝。请你就此发现用英语写一篇短文并向你校英文报投稿。内容包括:
1.你观察到的自然现象;
2.你得到的启示。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
　　One possible version:
On a spring morning,I was talking with my parents in the yard when I saw one swallow flying directly towards our house.When it got closer,I saw it carrying mud or grass with its mouth.It was then that I realised it would build a nest under our roof.I noticed that each time it could only carry a little mud or grass,which made me doubt whether it could complete this task.However,it kept carrying mud or grass every day and after about half a month,a beautiful nest was completed.Having such a neighbour really made my family happy.
From the swallow I learn that we can achieve anything as long as we are determined and persistent though it may seem impossible in the beginning.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之“点” 情感描写 相关词语 depressive adj.抑郁的　reluctant adj.不情愿的;勉强的　at ease with不拘束,放松　fulfilment n.满足(感)
动作描写 相关词语 mimic v.模仿　convert v.使转变;使转换　seek solutions to寻求解决方法 employ v.使用,运用　bow v.鞠躬　withdraw v.退出　depart v.离开　reject v.拒绝接受　ease v.减轻;缓解　attain v.得到,获得　devote v.致力于　catch sight of看见　take...for granted 认为……理所当然　take inspiration from 从……中获取灵感
人物描写 相关词语 wisdom n.智慧　physician n.医生　decent adj.可接受的,相当好的　deliberately adv.不慌不忙地,从容不迫地　conflicted adj.心里矛盾的;内心冲突的
环境描写 相关词语 a lotus flower莲花,荷花　mound n.土堆,土丘　pond n.池塘　rural adj.乡村的　cottage n.乡村小屋　lane n.(乡间的)小路　mulberry n.桑葚;桑树　botanical adj.植物(学)的
读后续写 微技能之“线” As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty,Tao felt conflicted over life at court.(人物描写) Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena,he recorded his detailed findings in his journals.(动作描写) A dog is barking somewhere down the lane.(环境描写) And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree.(环境描写) It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature,as both Tao and Thoreau did.(人物描写) In today’s modern world,their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment.(结尾升华句)
续　表
读后续写微技能之“面” 微写作——感受传统建筑之美 为了更深入地了解传统建筑,上个月我和建筑师朋友莉萨一同探访了一座古村落。当我们走进村落广场时,首先看见的是一座带有精致雕花的古老木亭。莉萨停下脚步说道:“我们不该把这类经典设计视为理所当然——它们承载着古代工匠的智慧。”沿着石板路漫步时,我们看到当地工匠正试图将一座老旧农舍改造成小型民间建筑博物馆。莉萨告诉我,优秀的建筑师在创作新作品时,总会从传统建筑中获取灵感。在与工匠们交流、了解他们的努力后,我们不仅对当地文化感到放松自在,更因见证传统建筑得到保护而心生满满的满足感。 To gain a deeper understanding of traditional architecture,I visited an ancient village with my architect friend Lisa last month.When we walked into the village square,we first 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 an old wooden pavilion with delicate carvings.Lisa stopped and said,“We shouldn’t 2.　 — they carry the wisdom of ancient craftsmen.” As we wandered along the stone paths,we noticed local workers trying to 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a small folk architecture museum.Lisa told me that good architects always 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 traditional buildings when creating new works.After talking with the workers and learning about their efforts,we not only felt 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　 the local culture,but also gained a strong sense of fulfilment from seeing the protection of traditional architecture. 答案:1.caught sight of　2.take such classic designs for granted　3.convert an old farmhouse into　4.take inspiration from　5.at ease with
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.architect n.建筑师→architecture n.建筑设计;建筑学→architectural adj.建筑学的;建筑上的
2.superb adj.极好的,出色的→superbly adv.雄伟地;壮丽地
3.convert v.使转变;使转换→conversion n.转变;转换;转化
4.frontier n.(学科的) 知识前沿→front n.前面;正面;前线 adj.前面的;前部的;正面的
5.wisdom n.智慧→wise adj.明智的;充满智慧的→wisely adv.明智地;聪明地
6.employ v.使用,运用→employer n.雇主,雇用者,老板→employee n.雇员,受雇者→employment n.使用;雇用;就业→unemployment n.失业;失业人数
7.superficially adv.表面(上)地→superficial adj.表面的;肤浅的;表层的
8.deliberately adv.不慌不忙地,从容不迫地→deliberate adj.不慌不忙的;从容不迫的;小心翼翼的;故意的 v.仔细考虑;深思熟虑→deliberation n.细想;考虑;审议;从容
9.domestic adj.驯养的;家养的→domestically adv.国内地;家庭式地;适合国内地
10.depressive adj.抑郁的→depress v.压抑;使沮丧;使萧条→depression n.抑郁症;沮丧;不景气,萧条期
11.reluctant adj.不情愿的;勉强的→reluctantly adv.不情愿地;勉强地→reluctance n.不情愿;
勉强
12.depart v.离开→departure n.离开
13.purity n.纯洁;洁净→pure adj.纯的;纯洁的;纯粹的→purify v.净化
14.resign v.使自己顺从于(做)某事;安于→resignation n.顺从;辞职;辞职信
15.botanical adj.植物(学)的→botany n.植物学→botanist n.植物学家
16.reject v.拒绝接受→rejection n.拒绝接受;拒收;排斥
17.fulfilment n.满足(感)→fulfil v.实现;履行;执行;符合;具备→fulfilled adj.满足的
18.evaluate v.评估,评价→evaluation n.评估,评价→evaluable adj.可估值的;可评价的
Ⅱ.重点词块
1.be used to　　　　　　　 习惯于
2.take...for granted 认为……理所当然
3.convert...into... 把……转变成……
4.live in harmony with 与……和睦相处
5.meet the needs of 满足……的需求
6.be supposed to 应该
7.seek solutions to 寻求解决方法
8.take inspiration from 从……中获取灵感
9.come about 发生
e into being 形成,产生
11.in return for 作为对……的回报
12.be opposed to 反对
13.withdraw from 离开,退出,撤回
14.resign oneself to 使(某人)自己顺从于……
15.at ease with 不拘束,放松
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.it作形式主语
It is natural to think in this way(以这种方式思考是很自然的),but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
句式仿写
It is a great honour for him(对他来说是莫大的荣幸) to be invited to give a speech at the school’s anniversary ceremony.
2.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句
The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits (其所在的).
句式仿写
They tried to create an atmosphere in which students could freely express their ideas (在这种氛围中学生可以自由地表达他们的想法).
3.过去分词短语作状语
Shaped to resemble a lotus flower(形状像一朵莲花),it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
句式仿写
Inspired by a peony flower (受到牡丹花的启发),the young architect created an innovative design.
4.动名词短语作主语
Creating buildings (创造建筑物) such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
句式仿写
Learning a new language(学习一门新的语言) requires patience and perseverance.
5.while用作并列连词,意为“而,然而”
While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to(陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应),Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
句式仿写
While some animals hibernate during winter (有些动物在冬天冬眠),others migrate to warmer places.[词汇串记·语段感知]
　　Architects often take nature for granted but true wisdom lies in discovering,understanding and employing its principles.They take inspiration from nature,seek solutions to overcome challenges,and thereby position themselves at the frontier.They also recognise that applying these natural laws to architectural design can create buildings of superb harmony.This harmony can make occupants attain a sense of fulfilment,thus enabling the buildings to truly become links connecting humanity and nature.
建筑师们经常将大自然(的存在)视为理所当然,但真正的智慧在于发现、理解和运用自然的法则。他们从自然中汲取灵感,寻求解决方法来战胜挑战,从而让自己处于前沿。他们也认识到,将这些自然法则运用到建筑设计中可以设计出极为和谐的建筑。这种和谐可以使居住者获得一种满足感,从而使建筑真正成为连接人与自然的纽带。
Starting out,Understanding ideas,Using language
写作词汇
1.pond　　　　　　 n.池塘
2.sow v.播(种)
3.physician n.医生
阅读词汇
1.lotus　　　　　　 n.莲花,荷花
2.termite n.白蚁
3.mound n.土堆,土丘
4.algae n.藻类(植物)
5.pine cone 松果,松球
6.tile n.瓦片
7.mimic v.模仿
8.waterfront n.滨水地区
9.promenade n.滨海步行道
10.plumbing n.管道系统
11.biomimicry n.仿生学
12.dioxide n.二氧化物
13.bat n.蝙蝠
14.echo-location n.回声定位
15.radar n.雷达
16.swimsuit n.游泳衣
17.dragonfly n.蜻蜓
18.drone n.无人驾驶飞机
19.spider n.蜘蛛
拓展词汇
1.architect n.建筑师→architecture n.建筑设计;建筑学→architectural adj.建筑学的;建筑上的
2.superb adj.极好的,出色的→superbly adv.雄伟地;壮丽地
3.convert v.使转变;使转换→conversion n.转变;转换;转化
4.frontier n.(学科的)知识前沿→front n.前面;正面;前线 adj.前面的;前部的;正面的
5.wisdom n.智慧→wise adj.明智的;充满智慧的→wisely adv.明智地;聪明地
6.employ v.使用,运用→employer n.雇主,雇用者,老板→employee n.雇员,受雇者→employment n.使用;雇用;就业→unemployment n.失业;失业人数
重点词块
1.be used to　　　　　　 习惯于
2.take...for granted 认为……理所当然
3.an example of... ……的一个例子
4.be fed with 以……为养料
5.convert...into... 把……转变成……
6.respond to 响应,回应
7.live in harmony with 与……和睦相处
8.meet the needs of 满足……的需求
9.be supposed to 应该
10.seek solutions to 寻求解决方法
11.take inspiration from 从……中获取灵感
12.come about 发生
e into being 形成,产生
重点句型
1.In fact,we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.(“so...that...”引导结果状语从句;how much引导宾语从句)
事实上,我们已经习惯了它们的存在,甚至可能把它们视为理所当然,却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
2.It is natural to think in this way,but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.(it作形式主语;强调句型)
以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
3.The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits.(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)
该建筑旨在展示自然和其所在的现代城市环境之间的联系。
4.Shaped to resemble a lotus flower,it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.(过去分词短语作状语)
它的形状像一朵莲花,漂浮在海滨长廊上,四周被水环绕。
5.Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.(动名词短语作主语)
创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与环境更和谐地相处。
【课文注解·中英对照】
①enjoy the beauty (of) 欣赏(……的)美 ②in fact 实际上,事实上 ③be used to sth 习惯于某事物 [拓]be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 ④take...for granted 认为……理所当然 ⑤pine cone 松果,松球 ⑥look like 看起来像 ⑦roof n.屋顶 [复数形式] roofs ⑧various adj.各种各样的 [派]variously adv.不同地 variety n.(同一事物的)不同种类,多种式样 ⑨continue to explore ways (to do) 继续探索(做……的)方法 capture the beauty (of) 捕捉(……的)美 be designed to do sth 为做某事而设计,目的是做某事 Nature in Architecture Trees,plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty① every day.In fact②,we are so used to them③ that we may even take them for granted④ without realising how much inspiration they have given us.When we look at a pine cone⑤,we might think how much it looks like⑥ the tiles on a roof⑦.An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella.It is natural to think in this way,but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone. Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us,including those in architecture.From Barcelona’s forest-like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing’s Water Cube,nature is presented in various⑧ architectural designs.Today,architects continue to explore ways to⑨ capture the beauty o natural forms,to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. 　　ArtScience Museum,Singapore People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum.The building was designed to sho the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits.Shaped to resemble a lotus flower,it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.Its 建筑中的自然元素 我们身边都有花草树木,并且每天都能欣赏到它们的美。事实上,我们已经习惯了它们的存在,甚至可能把它们视为理所当然,却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。看到一个松果,我们可能会想它看起来多么像屋顶上的瓦片;看到一朵绽开的花,我们可能会觉得它和雨伞是多么相似。以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。 我们身边许多最迷人的设计,包括建筑设计,它们的灵感都来自大自然。从巴塞罗那森林般的圣家族大教堂到现代风格的北京水立方,在各式各样的建筑设计中都能发现自然元素。如今,建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法,模仿自然运行的方式,或者甚至让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。 新加坡艺术科学博物馆 对探索艺术与科学的关系感兴趣的人会乐于参观新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。该建筑旨在展示自然和其所在的现代城市环境之间的联系。它的形状像一朵莲花,漂浮在海滨长廊上,四周被水
in the centre of在……的中心 be amazed to do sth 因做某事而感到惊讶 an example of...……的一个例子 (be) based on 以……为基础 in a similar way 以类似的方式 during the day白天 reach the middle of the building到达建筑的中部 a comfortable temperature适宜的温度 reduce the need for...减少对……的需求 heating systems 供暖系统 be fed with以…… 为养料 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 provide shade 提供阴凉 convert...into...把……转变成…… enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事 live in harmony with 与……和睦相处 meet the needs of 满足……的需要 teach (someone) how to do 教(某人)如何做 roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre o the space.The water is then recycled through the building’s plumbing system.Visitors are often amazed to fin themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms. 　　The Eastgate Centre,Harare Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example o biomimicry.To use biomimicry is to create structures based o natural forms and processes.Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests.The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds.In a similar wa,the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes.During the da,warm air is drawn into the building through the holes,cooling as it reaches the middle of the buildin.At night,the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air,creating a comfortable temperatur inside.The design reduces the need fo traditional air conditioning and heating system,so the building uses less energy and costs less to run. 　　The Algae House,Hamburg The world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg,Germany.The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae.The algae are fed wit liquid nutrients and carbon dioxid to encourage them to grow.In bright sunshine,they grow faster and provide shad.The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it int energy that powers the building.And that’s not all—the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel.The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy,but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy. Creating buildings such as these enables us t live in closer harmony wit our environment.To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge,but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achiev this. 环绕。它的屋顶可收集雨水,雨水顺着管道向下35米到达博物馆中心的瀑布。然后,水通过建筑的管道系统循环使用。当置身于这样一座如此真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时,参观者常常叹为观止。 哈拉雷伊斯特盖特中心 哈拉雷伊斯特盖特中心是极好的仿生学范例。利用仿生技术就是在自然形态和过程的基础上创造建筑结构。津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴,从中得到启发,从而设计了伊斯特盖特中心。这种昆虫搭建表面覆有小洞的蚁丘,以保证蚁丘内外部的空气流通。伊斯特盖特中心也用了相似的方法,该建筑的“皮肤”上覆盖了很多洞。白天,暖空气通过洞口流入建筑内部,在流向建筑中部的过程中冷却下来。夜间,墙壁在白天吸收的热量使冷空气变暖,创造着适宜的内部温度条件。该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求,因此该建筑运行能耗和成本都较低。 汉堡藻屋 世界上第一座藻类供能建筑位于德国汉堡。公寓楼表面的面板上覆盖着藻类。藻类以液体营养素和二氧化碳为养料,促进自身生长。阳光明媚的时候,它们长得更快,可以遮荫。这些面板还可以吸收太阳的热量,并转化为电能,给建筑物供电。除此之外,面板内的藻类可以收集起来,用于生产燃料。因此,该建筑不仅能够适应环境,减少能耗,而且自身可以产生可再生能源,减少对环境的危害。 创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与环境更和谐地相处。保护明天的世界,同时满足当下的需求,这可能是一项挑战,但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙,教我们如何实现这一目标。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与自然——建筑设计与自然界的联系
2.语篇类型:说明文
3.课文内容分析:课文介绍了人类从自然界中获得灵感进行建筑设计的情况,并列举了三个代表性建筑。阅读本文有利于学生深入思考人类与自然的关系,合理利用自然资源,尊重自然规律,与自然和谐共生。
多维解读·浅析结构
答案:1.fascinating　2.resemble　3.connection　　4.was inspired　5.energy
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.What do we know about the roof of Singapore’s ArtScience Museum
A.Its shape is a rose flower. B.It was constructed above a waterfall.
C.It can collect rainwater. D.It has 35 metres of plumbing.
(　　)2.How does the passage mainly develop
A.By making a comparison. B.By following the order of time.
C.By listing numbers. D.By giving examples.
(　　)3.Where does this text probably come from
A.A travel guidebook. B.A natural science magazine.
C.An advertisement. D.A biography.
答案:1.C　2.D　3.B
二次开发·深研课文
　　Nature has inspired many fascinating designs 1.　　　　 architecture.Singapore’s ArtScience Museum,2　　 　 (shape) to resemble a lotus flower,was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment.Visitors are often amazed to find
3.　 　　　 (they) in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce 4.　　　　 (inspire) to create Harare’s Eastgate Centre while 5.　　　　 (watch) termites constructing their nests.The design reduces the need for 6.　　　　 (tradition) air conditioning and heating systems,so the building uses less energy and costs less to run.The 7.　　　　 (world) first algae-powered building is in Hamburg,Germany.Its surface is covered in panels 8.　　　 contain algae.The building therefore not only uses less energy,9.　　　　 also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.Creating such
10.　　　　 (building) enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
答案:1.in　2.shaped　3.themselves　4.was inspired　5.watching　6.traditional　7.world’s　8.that　9.but　10.buildings
1.inspire v.激励,鼓舞;赋予灵感,引起联想
·inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的;激励的;启发灵感的
·inspired adj.品质优秀的;能力卓越的;受……影响的
·inspiration n.[U]灵感;[C]鼓舞人心的人或事
[教材原句] It is natural to think in this way,but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
例 Her speech at the graduation ceremony about never giving up dreams was so inspiring.
她在毕业典礼上关于永不放弃梦想的演讲非常鼓舞人心。
例 Inspired by her teacher’s encouraging words,she decided to take part in the English speech contest.
受到老师鼓舞人心的话语启发,她决定参加英语演讲比赛。
·inspire sb 鼓舞某人 inspire sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 inspire sb with sth用某物激励某人;(=inspire sth in sb)使某人产生……感觉/情感 ·be inspired by受到……的启发,由……获得灵感
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
　　　　(inspire) by the beauty of nature,she decided to draw a picture.
When asked where her 　　　　 for the novel came from,she said her father’s 　　　　 words 　　　　 her to write it.(inspire)
老师对科学的热情激励着学生们去探索并尝试新的想法。
The teacher’s passion for science 　.
答案: Inspired　 inspiration;inspiring;had inspired　 inspires the students to explore and try new ideas
2.amaze vt.使吃惊;使惊奇;使惊愕
·amazed adj.感到惊奇的;吃惊的
·amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的
·amazement n.惊奇;惊愕
[教材原句] Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
当置身于这样一座如此真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时,参观者常常叹为观止。
例 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Then he tried acupuncture,an ancient Chinese practice,and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.
然后他尝试了针灸,这是一种古老的中国疗法,令他惊讶的是,经过两三次治疗后,他的病情就有所好转。
例 (2024·全国甲卷)I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to:her stories always make my history textbooks come alive.
我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成了一位交谈时如此令人惊叹的人:她的故事总能让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。
·be amazed at/by...对……感到大为惊奇 be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇 ·to one’s amazement 使某人大为惊奇的是 in amazement 惊讶地;惊愕地
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
It was 　　　　 (amaze) to see so many students volunteer to help clean up the park last weekend.
When she opened the present,she was 　　　　(amaze) to find a ticket to her favourite concert.
He stood in 　　　　 (amaze),as the old photo suddenly brought back a flood of childhood memories.
　　　　　　　　　　　　(令我们惊讶的是),the building’s walls were painted with colourful murals overnight.
答案: amazing　 amazed　 amazement　 To our amazement
To my amazement,the small town I visited years ago has undergone remarkable changes.The changes amazed even the locals,who couldn’t help but be amazed at the amazing development their town had undergone.
令我惊讶的是,多年前我参观过的那个小镇如今已发生了巨大的变化。这些变化甚至让当地人也感到十分惊叹,他们不禁为自己所在的小镇所取得的惊人的发展感到惊奇。
3.absorb v.吸收;吞并;理解;掌握;使专心
·absorbing adj.十分吸引人的;引人入胜的
·absorbed adj.精神集中的
·absorption n.专心致志;全神贯注;吸收
[教材原句] At night,the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air,creating a comfortable temperature inside.
夜间,墙壁在白天吸收的热量使冷空气变暖,创造着适宜的内部温度条件。
例 (读后续写之动作描写)She was absorbed in doing maths exercises,fingers tightly holding a pen,ignoring the bell.
她全神贯注于做数学题,手指紧紧握着笔,没听到铃声。
例 (读后续写之动作描写)She took out a book,started to read and soon got absorbed in it.
她拿出一本书,开始阅读,很快就沉浸其中了。
·absorb sb 吸引某人的注意力 absorb...from...从……中吸收…… ·be/get absorbed in 专心致志于,全神贯注于 be absorbed by/into 被……吞并/吸收
　　表示“全神贯注于”的常见短语还有be lost in、be buried in、fix/focus one’s attention on、devote oneself to、concentrate one’s mind on、apply oneself to等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
Every weekend,she gets 　　　　(absorb) in painting,spending hours creating breathtaking landscapes.
The teacher’s 　　　　(absorb) lecture on history made the students completely forget the passage of time.
Vitamin D is necessary to aid the 　　　　(absorb) of calcium from food.
汤姆专心于他的工作,以至于忘记了通知她这件事。
→Tom was so　　　　　　　　　　　　 that he forgot to inform her of the issue.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　,Tom forgot to inform her of the issue.(过去分词短语作状语)
答案: absorbed　 absorbing　 absorption　 absorbed in his work;Absorbed in his work
4.respond vi.回复,回答;对……做出反应
·response n.回答,答复;反应;响应
[教材原句] The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy,but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
因此,该建筑不仅能够适应环境,减少能耗,而且自身可以产生可再生能源,减少对环境的危害。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)I forced a smile,unsure how to respond further.
我勉强挤出一丝微笑,不知道该如何进一步答复。
例 The manager said he would give a clear response to our proposal next week.
经理表示他下周会对我们的提案给出明确答复。
·respond to 回答;对……做出反应 ·in response to 作为对……的回应 make a/no response to 对……做出反应/不予回应
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
(读后续写之动作描写)I looked at her face for her 　　　　(respond),but she just stared at me blankly.
The English teacher organised a speaking contest 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(作为对……的回应)students’ enthusiasm for oral English.
卡尔没有回答我的问题,继续吃他的饭。
→Carl 　　　　　　　　　　 my question and carried on with his meal.(respond)
→Carl 　　　　　　　　　　　　 my question and carried on with his meal.(response)
答案: response　 in response to　 didn’t respond to;made no response to
5.harmony n.融洽;和谐,协调
·harmonious adj.融洽的,和谐的
·harmoniously adv.融洽地,和谐地
[教材原句] Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与环境更和谐地相处。
例 Our class is like a big harmonious family,where everyone helps and cares for each other.
我们班就像一个和谐的大家庭,在这里,大家彼此帮助、相互关心。
例 (读后续写之主旨升华)It occurred to me that we should live in harmony with animals and treat them with kindness.
我突然想到,我们应该与动物和谐相处,并且友善地对待它们。
in harmony with...与……相处融洽 social/racial harmony 社会/种族融洽
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
There are several ways to create and maintain a 　　　　 (harmony) dormitory life.
(应用文写作之倡议书)Instead of conquering nature,we should learn to get along with it 　　　　 (harmony).
She lives 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(与邻居们相处融洽),greeting them warmly every morning and lending a hand whenever someone is in need.
答案: harmonious　 harmoniously　 in harmony with her neighbours
6.challenge n.挑战;艰巨任务 v.(向某人) 挑战
·challenging adj.具有挑战性的;考验能力的
[教材原句] To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge,but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
保护明天的世界,同时满足当下的需求,这可能是一项挑战,但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙,教我们如何实现这一目标。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)But for me,it was the first challenge I encountered as an international student in Ireland.
但对我来说,这是我在爱尔兰作为国际学生所面临的第一个挑战。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Getting to Shrewsbury Town Centre from London is challenging but worth the anxiety.
从伦敦前往什鲁斯伯里镇中心虽然颇具挑战,但那些焦虑都是值得的。
·challenge sb to sth 向某人挑战做某事 challenge sb to do sth 强烈建议某人做某事 ·accept/take up/take on a challenge 接受挑战 face a challenge 面临挑战 meet the challenge of 迎接……的挑战
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I wish you and your family all the best in the 　　　　(challenge) future.
The environmental campaign challenged people 　　　　(take) active steps to protect our planet.
Many students in the class took 　　　　 the challenge of participating in the national science competition.
　　　　　　　　　　　(面对挑战),we should stay calm and think of practical solutions instead of giving up easily.
答案: challenging　 to take　 up/on　 Facing challenges
强调句型
[教材原句] It is natural to think in this way,but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)Hanging his head down,Bob felt so regretful and ashamed because he realised it was his fault that had put them into this situation.
鲍勃低下了头,他感到非常后悔和愧疚,因为他意识到是自己的过错让他们陷入了这样的境地。
例 (读后续写之主旨升华)It was his encouraging words that gave me the courage to face difficulties.
正是他鼓励的话语给了我面对困难的勇气。
①强调句型的基本句式是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他”,所以看到it is/was开头的句子,先判断是不是强调句,方法是去掉it is/was 和that/who,如果剩余的部分仍能组成完整的句子(有时需调整语序),则该句是强调句。
②not until的强调句型是“It is/was not until...+that+其他”。
　[语境运用] 句型转换
He spent the summer vacation with his friends in a seaside village last year.
→ 　.(强调主语)
→ 　.(强调宾语)
→ 　.(强调地点状语)
→ 　.(强调时间状语)
答案:It was he that/who spent the summer vacation with his friends in a seaside village last year;It was the summer vacation that he spent with his friends in a seaside village last year;It was in a seaside village that he spent the summer vacation with his friends last year;It was last year that he spent the summer vacation with his friends in a seaside village
[教材原句] Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests.
尝试分析:本句为复合句。 为状语从句的省略形式,充当时间状语,相当于时间状语从句“while he was watching...”; 为定语从句,修饰documentary,in which相当于where,在从句中充当地点状语。
自主翻译:津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴,从中得到启发,从而设计了伊斯特盖特中心。
　[语境运用] 情境写作
科学家们在得知蝙蝠的回声定位可以用来识别物体的位置并避免相互碰撞时,从中得到了启发,从而改善了雷达系统。
Scientists were inspired to improve radar systems when they learnt echo-location by which bats can identify the positions of objects and avoid crashing into each other.
语法微专题5　非谓语动词(1)
——非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
Today,architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms...
Shaped to resemble a lotus flower,it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
　　请注意上述句中加粗部分的形式、所在的位置以及充当的句子成分。
　　英语中的非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。
一、非谓语动词区别简表
类别 to do doing done
含义 表主动或 将来 表主动或 (正在)进行 表被动或 完成
续　表
类别 to do doing done
成 分 主语 √ √ —
宾语 √ √ —
表语 √ √ √
定语 √ √ √
状语 √ √ √
补足语 √ √ √
否定 (not) to do (not) doing (not) done
时 态 一般时 to do doing done
进行时 to be doing — —
完成时 to have done having done —
完成 进行时 to have been doing — —
语 态 一般 被动式 to be done being done —
进行 被动式 — — —
完成 被动式 to have been done having been done —
二、不定式
不定式不可作谓语,但它可以有自己的宾语、状语,构成不定式短语,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、“连词+不定式”等。
1.作主语
不定式作主语表示具体的动作,通常指已知的事或目的。单个的不定式作主语时,谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。
To say is a thing,and to do is another.
说是一回事,做是另外一回事。
　　不定式短语较长时,通常用it作形式主语。
It is important to learn English well.
学好英语很重要。
(应用文写作之演讲稿)It is a great honour to be invited to give a speech here.
很荣幸受邀在此发表演讲。
2.作宾语
(1)通常用不定式作宾语的动词有want、wish、hope、long、expect、desire、intend、decide、ask、promise、aim、offer、agree、plan、learn、choose、refuse、fail、manage、pretend等。
He chose to study engineering at university.
他选择在大学学习工程学。
(读后续写之情感描写)He was very nervous while standing on the stage,but he managed to keep calm.
他站在舞台上时非常紧张,但他设法保持镇静。
(2)不定式作宾语较长时,也可用it作形式宾语,把真正的宾语放在后面。
He feels it good to exercise regularly.
他觉得定期锻炼有好处。
(3)“特殊疑问词+不定式”具有名词特征,可作宾语。
They haven’t decided when and where to build the library.
他们还没决定什么时候、在哪里建图书馆。
(4)不定式可作介词but、except、besides (除……之外)的宾语,介词前有实义动词do的任何一种形式,后面的不定式就不带to,否则必须带to。
I want to do nothing but play basketball.
我只想打篮球。
I have no choice but to wait.
除了等,我别无选择。
3.作表语
(1)不定式作表语放在be或其他系动词后,说明主语的内容。同样,“特殊疑问词+不定式”具有名词特征,也可作表语。
The key to protecting the environment is to reduce waste in daily life.
保护环境的关键是在日常生活中减少浪费。
The first question is how to find a better way to learn English well.
第一个问题是怎样找到一个学好英语的更好的办法。
(2)不定式作主语时,表语也必须为不定式,结构必须保持一致。
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
(3)如果主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词是实义动词do的某种形式,那么作表语的不定式可以省去to。
The first thing he did after getting up was (to) make the bed.
他起床后做的第一件事就是整理床铺。
The only thing he could do was (to) tell the truth.
他唯一能做的事就是说出真相。
三、动词-ing形式
动词-ing形式有一般时和完成时,有主动式和被动式,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。
1.作主语
动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象动作,指已知的事或经验。单个的动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。
Participating in volunteer activities enriches my life experience.
参加志愿者活动丰富了我的生活经验。
Reading is my hobby.
阅读是我的业余爱好。
2.作宾语
通常用动词-ing形式作宾语的动词有admit(to)、avoid、appreciate、consider、dislike、enjoy、escape、excuse、finish、imagine、keep、mind、miss、practise、risk、resist、suggest等。
She enjoys posting workout content on social media.
她喜欢在社交媒体上发布健身的相关内容。
I keep thinking back to the day when I first arrived here.
我不断回想我刚到这儿的那一天。
　　以下动词词组后面可接动词-ing形式作宾语:give up、belong to、look forward to、keep on、insist on、be busy、get down to、be devoted to、have difficulty/trouble (in)、have a good/wonderful time (in)等。
The environmentalist is devoted to protecting the endangered animals.
这位环保主义者致力于保护濒危动物。
3.作表语
动词-ing形式可作表语,常表示主语的内容或所具有的特征。
His hobby is painting.
他的业余爱好是画画。
　　动词-ing形式作表语,相当于形容词,含有主动意味,主语通常是事或物,一般用来表示事物的性质,常见的有interesting、amusing、boring、tiring、pleasing、exciting、moving、disappointing、surprising、encouraging等。
His story was very moving.
他的故事很感人。
四、过去分词
过去分词既有形容词的特征又有动词的特征,在句中可作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
过去分词作表语表示被动意义,主语通常是人,一般用来表示人的感受和状态,常见的可以用作表语的过去分词有astonished、delighted、disappointed、excited、experienced、exhausted、frightened、interested、puzzled、qualified、satisfied、upset等。
　　有些过去分词作表语实际上已经构成固定短语,如be interested in、be satisfied with、be covered with、be dressed in、be seated、be locked in等。能用这些分词作表语的系动词有be、get、remain、stay等。
The mountains in winter are covered with thick snow.
冬天,山上覆盖着厚厚的积雪。
We were greatly encouraged when we heard the speech.
我们听演讲时大受鼓舞。
1.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)　　　　(tend) to plants is an exercise in patience and learning.
2.(2025·浙江1月卷)“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today,and I know that doesn’t always mean 　　　　 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
3.(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,the national parks,in particular,tend 　　　　(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)You may be 　　　　(amaze) how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
5.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Recalling 　　　　(watch) a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion,Edmondson said,“It was very 　　　　(excite) to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
答案及剖析:
1.Tending　考查非谓语动词作主语。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　(tend) to plants”是句子的主语部分,此处应用动名词短语作主语;设空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填Tending。
2.returning　考查非谓语动词作宾语。分析句子结构可知,此处为固定搭配mean doing sth,意为“意味着做某事”,应用动名词作宾语。故填returning。
3.to catch　考查非谓语动词作宾语。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　(catch) our attention”部分作动词tend的宾语,tend to do sth意为“倾向于做某事”。故填to catch。
4.amazed　考查非谓语动词作表语。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　(amaze)” 部分位于be之后,在句中作表语,修饰主语You。故填amazed。
5.watching;exciting　考查非谓语动词作宾语和表语。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　(watch) a Chinese opera version...in Shanghai”部分作Recalling的宾语,recall doing sth意为“回忆起做过某事”,应用watching; 句中“　　　　(excite)”位于was之后,充当表语,修饰表示事物的主语it,应用动词-ing形式exciting,表示“令人激动的”。故填watching、exciting。
语篇填空
　　1.　　　　(stay) focused during senior high school is vital for students aiming to enter their dream universities.Many of us find it 2.　　　　 (challenge) to balance study and rest,but 3.　　　　 (manage) time wisely can make a big difference.Teachers often tell us that 4.　　　　 (review) lessons regularly is more effective than 5.　　　 (cram) before exams.When we feel tired,6.　　　　 (take) a short walk or listening to soft music helps 7.　　　　 (release) stress.We should also remember 8.　　　　 (ask) for help when we meet difficulties,because the support from friends and family gives us the courage 9.　　 　　 (keep) going.Finally,believing in ourselves is the best way 10.　　 　　 (achieve) our goals.
答案:1.Staying　2.challenging　3.managing　4.reviewing　5.cramming　6.taking
7.(to) release　8.to ask　9.to keep 10.to achieve(共86张PPT)
Developing ideas,
Presenting ideas,
Reflection
Part 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
写作词汇
1. 　　　　　　 v.鞠躬
2. adj.农村的,乡村的
3. n.乡村小屋
4. v.退出
bow
rural
cottage
withdraw
阅读词汇
1.decent　　　　　 adj.
2.lane n.
3.atop prep.
4.mulberry n.
可接受的,相当好的
(乡间的)小路
在……顶上
桑葚;桑树
拓展词汇
1. adv.表面(上)地→superficial adj.表面的;肤浅的;表层的
2. adv.不慌不忙地,从容不迫地→deliberate adj.不慌不忙的;从容不迫的;小心翼翼的;故意的 v.仔细考虑;深思熟虑→deliberation n.细想;考虑;审议;从容
3. adj.驯养的;家养的→domestically adv.国内地;家庭式地;适合国内地
4. adj.抑郁的→depress v.压抑;使沮丧;使萧条→depression n.抑郁症;沮丧;不景气,萧条期
superficially
deliberately
domestic
depressive
5. adj.不情愿的;勉强的→reluctantly adv.不情愿地;勉强地→
reluctance n.不情愿;勉强
6. v.离开→departure n.离开
7. n.纯洁;洁净→pure adj.纯的;纯洁的;纯粹的→purify v.净化
8. v.使自己顺从于(做)某事;安于→resignation n.顺从;辞职;辞职信
9. adj.植物(学)的→botany n.植物学→botanist n.植物学家
10. v.拒绝接受→rejection n.拒绝接受;拒收;排斥
reluctant
depart
purity
resign
botanical
reject
11. n.舒适,悠闲→easy adj.容易的;舒适的;随和的→easily adv.容易地;很可能
12. v.得到,获得→attainable adj.可达到的;可获得的→attainment n.达到;获得;成就;造诣
13. n.满足(感)→fulfil v.实现;履行;执行;符合;具备→fulfilled adj.满足的
14. v.评估,评价→evaluation n.评估,评价→evaluable adj.可估值的;可评价的
ease
attain
fulfilment
evaluate
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.in one’s early twenties　
2.make dramatic transformations to
3.feel conflicted over
4.in return for
在某人二十出头时
对……做出巨大/戏剧性的转变
感到与……冲突/有矛盾
作为对……的回报
5.draw...from...
6.a reaction to
7.be opposed to
8.withdraw from
9.in contrast to
10.devote oneself to
11.resign oneself to
12.at ease with
从……中得到……
对……的反应
反对
离开,退出,撤回
与……形成对比
致力于,献身于
使(某人)自己顺从 于……
不拘束,放松
重点句型
1.In 405,he quit the service of the court for good,
in the now famous line
.(现在分词短语作状语;that引导同位语从句)
公元405年,陶渊明永久辞去了官职,以表达他对仕途的不满,用今天他的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。
expressing his unhappiness
that he would not “bow like a servant in return for
five dou of grain”
2.From his poetry,we can learn that ,he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.(although 引导让步状语从句)
我们可以从他的诗歌中看出,尽管生活艰苦,但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感,并从大自然中获得乐趣。
although his life was arduous
3.
,Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.(while用作并列连词,意为“而,然而”)
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应,而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
4.Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people
.(that引导宾语从句;as引导方式状语从句)
梭罗的写作意图是使人们信服:动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。
While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed
to
that animals and plants had
a right to live and prosper,as we do
5. the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, .(it作形式主语;as引导方式状语从句)
像陶渊明和梭罗那样,拒绝简单熟悉的事物,转而尝试更亲近大自然,这需要相当大的勇气。
It takes considerable courage to reject
as both Tao and Thoreau did
[课文注解·中英对照]
Back to Nature
Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets,but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America.Superficially,these two men,whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1,500 years,were polar opposites①.And yet they shared an intense respect for② nature,which made them each an influential figure③ of their time.
回归大自然
陶渊明和亨利·大卫·梭罗都是诗人,但是一位生活在古代中国,另一位生活在19世纪的美国。表面上看,这两个人生活在不同的时代,相隔近一千五百年,迥然不同。然而,他们都非常尊重自然,这使得他们在各自的时代都成为有影响力的人物。
①polar opposites
截然相反
②intense respect for
对……的深切尊重
③an influential figure
一位有影响力的人物
④reconnect with
重新连接;回归
⑤feel conflicted over
对……感到矛盾
⑥work the land 耕种土地;躬耕
⑦succeed in doing sth成功做某事
⑧in its simplicity 在其简朴之中
⑨draw pleasure from
从……中获得乐趣
为了重归自然,两人的生活都发生了戏剧性的转变。陶渊明是东晋的官员,但是对官场生活感到困惑。公元405年,陶渊明永久辞去了官职,以表达他对仕途的不满,用今天他的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。在之后的22年里,直到生命的尽头,他躬耕于田野,生活在清贫的农村。我们可以从他的诗歌中看出,尽管生活艰苦,但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感,并从大自然中获得乐趣。
Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with④ nature.As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty ,Tao felt conflicted over⑤ life at court.In 405,he quit the service of the court for good,
expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow
like a servant in return for five dou of grain”.He spent the next 22 years until his death,working the land⑥ in a poor,
rural area.From his poetry,we can learn that although his life was arduous,he succeeded in finding⑦ contentment in its simplicity⑧ and in drawing pleasure from⑨ nature.
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应,而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。虽然梭罗过着体面的生活,但他希望活得更简单些。长达两年两个月零两天,他住在瓦尔登湖边森林里的一间小屋里,专注于自身和写作。他在《瓦尔登湖》中解释了这样做的原因:“我步入丛林,是因为我希望自由地生活,只面对生活中的基本事实。”两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退,在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
⑩a reaction to
对……的反应
be opposed to反对
ocus on 专注于
live deliberately
有意识地生活;审慎生活
withdraw from
远离;退出
seek a harmonious relationship with 寻求
与……的和谐关系
in other words换句话说
in contrast to
与……形成对比
is critical of 批判;
对……持批评态度
尽管陶渊明和梭罗对待自然的方式不同,但他们的作品都展现了自然的美丽和价值。陶渊明的自然是田野和村庄,换句话说,是田园。他的动物们都是家养的,比如鸡和狗。他描写的平静祥和的生活,与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比,是对压抑的官场生活的批判:
暧暧远人村,依依墟里烟。
狗吠深巷中,鸡鸣桑树颠。
梭罗在描述自然时,重点描绘了他周围原野的美丽与纯粹。他全身心投入到观察自然现象中,并在日记中详细地记录了自己的发现。梭罗的写作意图是使人们信服:动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。我们应该与它们和谐共处,享受大自然的恩赐,正如他在日记中描述的那样:
好好度过每一个季节,呼吸新鲜的空气,畅饮美酒,品尝水果,尽情享受这一切。让生活中只有饮食和草药。
像陶渊明和梭罗那样,拒绝简单熟悉的事物,转而尝试更亲近大自然,这需要相当大的勇气。他们的选择使他们过上了平静而沉思的生活,物质欲望减少了。在今天这个现代化的世界,他们所倡导的简朴生活理念和与自然和谐相处的态度,或许会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足感更近一步。
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与自然——诗人对自然的热爱和对田园生活的向往
2.语篇类型:论说文
3.课文内容分析:文章通过介绍、比较中外田园诗人陶渊明和亨利·戴维·梭罗生活的年代,回归田园生活的社会背景、原因以及写作风格的异同,表达了他们对自然的热爱和对田园生活的向往,帮助学生学会用比较的写作手法介绍人物。阅读本文有利于学生加深对单元主题的理解,并初步掌握人物介绍的基本内容、文体特征和写作手法,在比较文化异同的同时,汲取国外文化中的精华,并弘扬中国优秀传统文化,坚定文化自信。
多维解读·浅析结构
nature
conflicted
personal
decision
happy
reject
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.What did Tao and Thoreau want to get from nature
A.A longer lifespan.
B.Personal well-being and fulfilment.
C.Some famous works.
D.Tiring work.
B
(　　)2.What did Tao and Thoreau have in common
A.They treated nature in the same way.
B.They both lived in the 19th century.
C.They were both responsible for their families.
D.Their works showed the beauty of nature.
D
(　　)3.What does the author think of the closeness to nature
A.It will make us more satisfied.
B.It will make us braver.
C.It will make us stronger.
D.It will make us thoughtful.
A
(　　)4.What kind of writing is the passage
A.A research report.
B.A travel guide.
C.A comparative essay.
D.An advertisement.
C
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.oppose v.反对,抵制;与……角逐
·opposed adj.反对的;截然不同的
·opposite adj.对面的;相反的n.对立的人(或物);对立面prep.与……相对,
在……对面 adv.在对面地
[教材原句] While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to,Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应,而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
例 His opinion is opposite to mine on this issue.
在这个问题上,他的观点和我的相反。
例 The environmental volunteers oppose people littering in the park.
环保志愿者们反对人们在公园里乱扔垃圾。
归纳拓展
·oppose (sb/sth) doing sth 反对/抵制(某人/某物)做某事
·be opposed to 反对;对抗(to是介词)
·be opposite to 在……对面;与……相反
温馨提示
表达“反对做某事”的短语还有object to doing sth、be against doing sth等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
Most of the local residents are opposed 　　　　 the new plan that may destroy the forest nearby.
She tried calming him down but it seemed to have the 　　　　(oppose) effect.
我反对经常吃垃圾食品,因为这对健康有害。
→I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 as it’s bad for health.(oppose)
→I 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 as it’s bad for health.(opposed)
to
opposite　
oppose eating junk food regularly
am opposed to eating junk food regularly
2.contrast v.& n.对比,对照
[教材原句] The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life...
他描写的平静祥和的生活,与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比,是对压抑的官场生活的批判……
例 To understand the style of this artist,you can contrast his early paintings with his later ones.
要理解这位艺术家的风格,你可以把他早期和晚期的画作相比。
例 In contrast to traditional teaching methods,online learning offers more flexibility.
与传统的教学方法相比,在线学习提供了更高的灵活性。
归纳拓展
·contrast A with/and B　把A与B相比
contrast (sharply) with...与……形成(鲜明)对比
·contrast between A and B　A与B之间的差异
in contrast to...与……相比
by contrast 相比之下
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
　　　　 contrast to the noisy cafeteria,the library is a quiet place to study.
After contrasting Advanced Literature 　　 　　 Abstract Art,I have decided to choose the latter as my optional course.
The modern skyscrapers in the city centre
(与……形成鲜明对比) the old-fashioned cottages in the suburbs.
The weather today is sunny and warm;　　　　 　　(相比之下),
yesterday it was rainy and cold.
In
with/and
contrast sharply with
by contrast
3.convince v.使信服;劝说
·convinced adj.坚信的,深信的,确信的
·convincing adj.令人信服的,有说服力的
[教材原句] Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper,as we do.
梭罗的写作意图是使人们信服:动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。
例 (2025·浙江1月卷)“There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through,but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says.
“在育儿过程中,有很多事情都值得好好沟通,但我并不认为饮食问题属于其中之一,”她说。
例 The scientist’s research findings convinced the academic community of the new theory’s validity.
这位科学家的研究结果让学术界相信这一新理论的有效性。
归纳拓展
·convince...of/that...使……确信……,使……相信……
convince sb to do sth说服/劝服某人做某事
·be convinced of确信/相信……
be convinced that...坚信……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
If you can provide specific examples to support your idea,your argument will be more　 　　(convince) than just empty words.
Scientists are 　　 　　(convince) of the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.
我相信你会在比赛中脱颖而出的。
→I 　 your standing out in the competition.(be convinced of)
→I 　 you will stand out in the competition.(be convinced that)
convincing
convinced　
am convinced of
am convinced that
4.ease n.舒适,悠闲 v.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解
·easy adj.容易的;舒适的;随和的
·easily adv.容易地;很可能
[教材原句] In today’s modern world,their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment.
在今天这个现代化的世界,他们所倡导的简朴生活理念和与自然和谐相处的态度,或许会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足感更近一步。
例 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else.
缓解热门旅游目的地压力的最佳方法是去其他地方旅游。
例 Sharing our worries with friends often helps ease the pressure we feel in daily life.
和朋友倾诉烦恼通常有助于缓解我们在日常生活中感受到的压力。
归纳拓展
·at (one’s) ease (with...) (和……在一起)不拘束,放松
with ease 轻松地,毫不费力地
put sb at ease 使某人放松/自在
·ease sb of sth 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句型转换
He began to pursue an 　　　　(ease) and comfortable life.
She completed the maths test 　　　　 ease,getting a perfect score.
She feels 　　　　 ease with her new colleagues,as they all share a sense of humour.
He eased himself of anxiety and felt at ease.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he felt at ease.(过去分词短语作状语)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he felt at ease.(现在分词短语作状语)
easy
with
at
Eased of anxiety
Easing himself of anxiety
长难句分析
[教材原句] While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to,Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way
he lived.
尝试分析:本句是复合句。句中While作并列连词,意思为“而,然而”,表前后意义上的对比。 为定语从句,修饰a lifestyle; 为不定式短语作后置定语,修饰a personal decision; 为定语从句,修饰the way。
自主翻译:陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应,而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
[语境运用] 情境写作
约翰去了大学,选择了他从小就感兴趣的专业,然而他哥哥却放弃了继续深造的机会,成为一名乡村教师,从而改变了自己的生活方式。
While John went to college and chose the major that he was interested in from an early age,his elder brother gave up the chance of further education and worked as a teacher in a village,changing the way he lived.
写作微专题5
Writing about a lesson from nature　
1.文体类型:描述从自然界中获得的经验或教训,属于夹叙夹议文,常用于对事物发展过程进行描述和评价。
2.要点内容:(1)描述蝴蝶破茧挣扎的过程和结果;(2)与人们成长的过程进行比较,阐述自然规律,并总结从中获得的启示。
文本解读
[思路指引]
1.首段常用句式。
One day,I was...when I saw that...
Seeing...I realised that...was ready to...
All of a sudden...came into my sight.
2.中段常用句式。
The tiny creature was trying hard to...
The struggle was too hard for its weak body.
Without the struggle,it was too weak to live.
实用表达
3.尾段常用句式。
Similarly,we can cooperate and collaborate in order to...
In the same way,we need struggle to grow strong and survive.
This story indicates that...
It’s not surprising for us to draw wisdom from nature.
某英文刊物正在进行关于 “自然界给我们的启示” 的征文活动。请你根据以下内容,以“The Power of Unity”为题,用英语写一篇短文。内容包括:
1.一个阴沉沉的下午,一只蚂蚁正驮着一块面包屑艰难地走着;
2.突然,食物掉了下来,然后蚂蚁跑了;不一会儿,一群蚂蚁赶来了……
3.感悟:人心齐,泰山移。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
佳作建构
The Power of Unity
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　 adj.极好的,出色的
2.　　　　　　　　 v.离开
3.　　　　　　　　 似乎,好像
4.　　　　　　　　 挣扎着做某事
5.　　　　　　　　 认为……理所当然
6.　　　　　　　　 一群
7.　　　　　　　　 轻松地,毫不费力地
8.　　　　　　　　 齐心协力
superb
depart
as if
struggle to do sth
take...for granted
a group of
with ease
pull together
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.一天下午,天气多云,好像要下雨了。
One afternoon,it was cloudy 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 rain.
2.当我来到院子里时,我看到一只蚂蚁正驮着一大块面包屑艰难地走着。
When I came to the yard,I saw an ant 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a big piece of bread crumb.
3.突然它滑倒了,食物滚开了。
Suddenly it slipped and the food 　　　　　　　.
as if it was going to
struggling to walk with
rolled away
4.我想当然地认为蚂蚁太累了,搬不动那块面包。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the ant was 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the bread.
5.接着,这只蚂蚁离开了。它为什么离开了
Then the ant departed.Why 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6.正当我纳闷时,来了一群蚂蚁。
Just as I was wondering,　　　　　　　　 ants arrived.
took it for granted that
too tired to carry
did it depart
a group of
7.哦,蚂蚁去找“帮手”了!这群蚂蚁开始挤在食物周围。
Oh,the ant went to fetch “helpers”!The group of ants began to
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
8.它们一起扛起了面包!
Together they 　　　　　　　 　　　!
9.最终它们轻松地运走了这块面包。
Finally,they carried the bread away 　　　　　　　　　　　.
crowd around the food
shouldered the bread
with ease
10.一只蚂蚁可能看起来很弱小,但一群蚂蚁会成为一个优秀而又强大的群体。
An ant may look weak,but a group of ants will become
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
11.我们应该向蚂蚁学习。
We should 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the ants.
12.为了集体的利益,我们必须齐心协力,团结一致。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 the group,we must 　　　　　　　　　 and unite as one.
a superb and
powerful whole
learn from
For the benefit of
pull together
亮点提升
将句11和句12用同位语从句进行改写升级。
We should learn from the ants that for the benefit of the group,we must pull together and unite as one.
范文展示
The Power of Unity
One afternoon,it was cloudy as if it was going to rain.When I came to the yard,I saw an ant struggling to walk with a big piece of bread crumb.
Suddenly it slipped and the food rolled away.I took it for granted that the ant was too tired to carry the bread.Then the ant departed.Why did it depart Just as I was wondering,a group of ants arrived.Oh,the ant went to fetch “helpers”!The group of ants began to crowd around the food.Together they shouldered the bread! Finally,they carried the bread away with ease.
An ant may look weak,but a group of ants will become a superb and powerful whole.We should learn from the ants that for the benefit of the group,we must pull together and unite as one.
写作练习
假设你是李华,你在春天发现一只燕子衔泥垒窝,最终做成了一个漂亮的窝。请你就此发现用英语写一篇短文并向你校英文报投稿。内容包括:
1.你观察到的自然现象;
2.你得到的启示。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
写作指导
One possible version:
On a spring morning,I was talking with my parents in the yard when I saw one swallow flying directly towards our house.When it got closer,I saw it carrying mud or grass with its mouth.It was then that I realised it would build a nest under our roof.I noticed that each time it could only carry a little mud or grass,which made me doubt whether it could complete this task.However,it kept carrying mud or grass every day and after about half a month,a beautiful nest was completed.Having such a neighbour really made my family happy.
From the swallow I learn that we can achieve anything as long as we are determined and persistent though it may seem impossible in the beginning.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写微 技能 之“点” 情感描写 相关词语 depressive adj.抑郁的　reluctant adj.不情愿的;勉强的　at ease with不拘束,放松　fulfilment n.满足(感)
动作描写 相关词语 mimic v.模仿　convert v.使转变;使转换　seek solutions to寻求解决方法 employ v.使用,运用　bow v.鞠躬　withdraw v.退出　depart v.离开　reject v.拒绝接受　ease v.减轻;缓解　attain v.得到,获得　devote v.致力于　catch sight of看见　take...for granted 认为……理所当然　take inspiration from 从……中获取灵感
读后续写 微技能 之“点” 人物描写相关词语 wisdom n.智慧　physician n.医生　decent adj.可接受的,相当好的　deliberately adv.不慌不忙地,从容不迫地　conflicted adj.心里矛盾的;内心冲突的
环境描写相关词语 a lotus flower莲花,荷花　mound n.土堆,土丘　pond n.池塘　rural adj.乡村的　cottage n.乡村小屋　lane n.(乡间的)小路　mulberry n.桑葚;桑树　botanical adj.植物(学)的
读后续写微 技能 之“线” As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty,Tao felt conflicted over life at court.
(人物描写)
Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena,he recorded his detailed findings in his journals.(动作描写)
A dog is barking somewhere down the lane.(环境描写)
And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree.(环境描写)
It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature,as both Tao and Thoreau did.(人物描写)
In today’s modern world,their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment.(结尾升华句)
读后续写微 技能 之“面”
微写作——感受传统建筑之美
为了更深入地了解传统建筑,上个月我和建筑师朋友莉萨一同探访了一座古村落。当我们走进村落广场时,首先看见的是一座带有精致雕花的古老木亭。莉萨停下脚步说道:“我们不该把这类经典设计视为理所当然——它们承载着古代工匠的智慧。”沿着石板路漫步时,我们看到当地工匠正试图将一座老旧农舍改造成小型民间建筑博物馆。莉萨告诉我,优秀的建筑师在创作新作品时,总会从传统建筑中获取灵感。在与工匠们交流、了解他们的努力后,我们不仅对当地文化感到放松自在,更因见证传统建筑得到保护而心生满满的满足感。
读后 续写 微技 能之 “面”
To gain a deeper understanding of traditional architecture,I visited an ancient village with my architect friend Lisa last month.When we walked into the village square,we first 1.　　　　　 　　 an old wooden pavilion with delicate carvings.Lisa stopped and said,“We shouldn’t 2.　
— they carry the wisdom of ancient craftsmen.”
As we wandered along the stone paths,we noticed local workers trying to
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a small folk architecture museum.Lisa told me that good architects always 4.
traditional buildings when creating new works.After talking with the workers and learning about their efforts,we not only felt 5.　　　　　　　　　　 the local culture,but also gained a strong sense of fulfilment from seeing the protection of traditional architecture.
caught sight of
take such classic
designs for granted
convert an old farmhouse into
take inspiration from
at ease with
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.architect n.建筑师→ n.建筑设计;建筑学→ adj.建筑学的;建筑上的
2.superb adj.极好的,出色的→ adv.雄伟地;壮丽地
3.convert v.使转变;使转换→ n.转变;转换;转化
4.frontier n.(学科的) 知识前沿→ n.前面;正面;前线 adj.前面的;前部的;正面的
5.wisdom n.智慧→ adj.明智的;充满智慧的→ adv.明智地;聪明地
architecture
architectural
superbly
conversion
front
wise
wisely
6.employ v.使用,运用→ n.雇主,雇用者,老板→ n.雇员,受雇者→ n.使用;雇用;就业→ n.失业;失业人数
7.superficially adv.表面(上)地→ adj.表面的;肤浅的;表层的
8.deliberately adv.不慌不忙地,从容不迫地→ adj.不慌不忙的;从容不迫的;小心翼翼的;故意的 v.仔细考虑;深思熟虑→ n.细想;考虑;审议;从容
9.domestic adj.驯养的;家养的→ adv.国内地;家庭式地;适合国内地
employer
employee
employment
unemployment
superficial
deliberate
deliberation
domestically
10.depressive adj.抑郁的→ v.压抑;使沮丧;使萧条→ n.抑郁症;沮丧;不景气,萧条期
11.reluctant adj.不情愿的;勉强的→ adv.不情愿地;勉强地→
n.不情愿;勉强
12.depart v.离开→ n.离开
13.purity n.纯洁;洁净→ adj.纯的;纯洁的;纯粹的→ v.净化
14.resign v.使自己顺从于(做)某事;安于→ n.顺从;辞职;辞职信
depress
depression
reluctantly
reluctance
departure
pure
purify
resignation
15.botanical adj.植物(学)的→ n.植物学→ n.植物学家
16.reject v.拒绝接受→ n.拒绝接受;拒收;排斥
17.fulfilment n.满足(感)→ v.实现;履行;执行;符合;具备→ adj.满足的
18.evaluate v.评估,评价→ n.评估,评价→ adj.可估值的;可评价的
botany
botanist
rejection
fulfil
fulfilled
fulfilled
evaluable
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　　　　 习惯于
2. 认为……理所当然
3. 把……转变成……
4. 与……和睦相处
5. 满足……的需求
6. 应该
7. 寻求解决方法
be used to
take...for granted
convert...into...
live in harmony with
meet the needs of
be supposed to
seek solutions to
8. 从……中获取灵感
9. 发生
10. 形成,产生
11. 作为对……的回报
12. 反对
13. 离开,退出,撤回
14. 使(某人)自己顺从于……
15. 不拘束,放松
take inspiration from
come about
come into being
in return for
be opposed to
withdraw from
resign oneself to
at ease with
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.it作形式主语
(以这种方式思考是很自然的),but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
句式仿写
(对他来说是莫大的荣幸) to be invited to give a speech at the school’s anniversary ceremony.
It is natural to think in this way
It is a great honour for him
2.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句
The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment (其所在的).
句式仿写
They tried to create an atmosphere
(在这种氛围中学生可以自由地表达他们的想法).
in which it sits
in which students could freely express
their ideas
3.过去分词短语作状语
(形状像一朵莲花),it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
句式仿写
(受到牡丹花的启发),the young architect created an innovative design.
Shaped to resemble a lotus flower
Inspired by a peony flower
4.动名词短语作主语
(创造建筑物) such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
句式仿写
(学习一门新的语言) requires patience and perseverance.
Creating buildings
Learning a new language
5.while用作并列连词,意为“而,然而”
(陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应),Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
句式仿写
(有些动物在冬天冬眠),others migrate to warmer places.
While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to
While some animals hibernate during winter

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