2027届高考专题复习一:高中英语重难点语法知识 课件

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2027届高考专题复习一:高中英语重难点语法知识 课件

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2027届高考专题复习一
高中重难点语法知识
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考点1冠词 
精讲·语法知识
一、不定冠词a/an的基本用法
二、不定冠词a/an的活用
三、定冠词the的基本用法
四、定冠词the的活用
五、零冠词的用法
六、冠词的习惯搭配
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夯实·基础训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·江西联校一模,改编)From July 1 to 16, Rongjiang county recorded
  a   total of 921,200 visits, generating income of 1.08 billion yuan.
解析 句意:7月1日至16日,荣江县共接待游客92.12万人次,创收10.8亿元。此处a total of意为“总共……”,是固定短语,所以填不定冠词a。
2.(2024·山东菏泽模拟,改编)In 2013,   the   ancient architecture complex in Shiyanping was recognized as one of the nation’s major historical and cultural sites.
解析 句意:2013年,十堰坪古建筑群被认定为国家重要历史文化遗址之一。此处特指十堰坪古建筑群,用定冠词the。
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3.(2024·湖南长沙一模,改编)I, as a BBC food writer, traveled China last year. Then I fell in love with hairy crab (螃蟹), which is one of the most prized Chinese dishes.
解析 句意:然后我爱上了大闸蟹,这是最珍贵的中国菜之一。根据空后的“most prized”可知,此处是最高级,所以用定冠词the。
4.(2024·陕西咸阳一模,改编)Acupuncture(针灸),  an   ancient Chinese medical practice, has been the treatment for countless patients for thousands of years.
解析 句意:针灸是中国古老的医学实践,数千年来一直是无数患者的治疗方法。根据空后的“ancient Chinese medical practice”可知,这里泛指针灸是中国一种古老的医学实践,且空后的ancient发音以元音音素开头,所以应用不定冠词an。
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5.(2023·河北唐山模拟,改编)Since 1990, Artist Tian Kun has been preserving the art of kangweihua,    a  unique style of painting from her hometown in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
解析 句意:自1990年以来,艺术家田坤一直保留着她的家乡宁夏回族自治区的独特绘画风格炕围画的艺术。style是可数名词,此处泛指“一种独特的绘画风格”,应用不定冠词修饰,且unique的发音是辅音音素开头,所以填a。
6.(2023·河北邯郸模拟,改编)Since my Mum volunteered at a foundation, she took me there to work with her for   a   few days.
解析 句意:自从我妈妈在一个基金会做志愿者后,她带我去那里和她一起工作了几天。a few为固定用法,表示“一些”,修饰可数名词的复数形式。
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7.(2023·山东济宁检测,改编)A photo taken on March 23, 2022 shows students attending a live streamed popular-science lecture given by       
the Shenzhou-13 crew members.
解析 句意:2022年3月23日拍摄的一张照片显示,学生们正在参加由神舟十三号机组人员举办的现场直播科普讲座。此处是特指,所以用定冠词the。
8.(2023·江苏南京模拟,改编)“We really want to help expand awareness and grow the sport,” Lin said.“We’re hoping one day it’ll become  an Olympic sport.”
解析 句意:我们希望有一天它会成为一项奥林匹克运动。此处泛指一项奥林匹克运动,空格处应用不定冠词,Olympic为元音音素开头的单词,所以填an。
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9.(2022·江西南昌试题,改编) If you want to improve your working efficiency, it will be   a  must for you to make the most of your time.
解析句意:如果你想提高工作效率,你必须充分利用时间。此处的must是可数名词,表示“一件必须要做的事情”,所以填不定冠词a。
10.(2022·云南玉溪试题,改编) The Spring Fes-tival is a special holiday for most Chinese when   the   whole family will get together.
解析句意:春节对多数中国人来说是一个特殊的节日,这一天全家人会聚在一起。此处表示“全家人”,所以填定冠词the。
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11.(2022·山东新泰一中试题,改编)I can’t tell you the way to the Wilson’s because we don’t have   a  Wilson here in the village.
解析句意:我无法告诉你去威尔逊家的路,因为我们村里没有叫威尔逊的人。姓氏前面加不定冠词a,表示“一个叫……的人”。
12.(2022·江苏盐城试题,改编)All of life is   an   act of letting go, but what hurts the most is not taking a moment to say goodbye.
解析句意:人生就是要放手,然而最令人痛心的是,我们来不及说一声再见。act表示“一种放手的行为”,act是以元音音素开头的单词,所以填不定冠词an。
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观名词,品语境,填冠词
如果空格出现在名词的前面,而且该名词前没有指示代词、物主代词等修饰语,可以确定空格填冠词。然后需要判断该名词是可数还是不可数,是单数还是复数、是特指还是泛指。如果是单数可数名词,而且是泛指,则要填不定冠词a或an。如果是不可数名词或复数名词,我们就需要仔细品味语境,看看该名词是特指还是泛指,如果是特指,就要填定冠词。
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Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2024·陕西咸阳一模,改编)Last summer, I went on the study tour in Mount Tai with a group of students.
答案 the→a 
解析 句意:去年夏天,我和一群学生去泰山游学。此处泛指一次游学,应用不定冠词来修饰,且study发音是以辅音音素开头,应用a,故将the改为a。
2.(2024·四川南充模拟,改编)For example, the number of tourists to famous tourist attractions should limited and citizens should not travel at a same time.
答案 a→the 
解析 句意:例如,去著名旅游景点的游客数量应该受到限制,公民不应该同时旅行。at the same time意为“同时”,是固定搭配,故将a改为the。
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3.(2024·四川绵阳模拟,改编)We were considering making a incredible English magazine, but without hands-on experience we didn’t know how to start it.
答案 a→an 
解析 句意:我们在考虑做一本很棒的英文杂志,但我们没有实践经验,不知道该如何开始。incredible是以元音音素开头的单词,所以要把不定冠词a改为an。
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4.(2023·河南郑重质检) Pollution is becoming the public concern, which the government is determined to solve.
答案 public前的the→a 
解析 句意:污染正成为公众关注的问题,政府决心解决这一问题。此处表示“污染正成为一个公众关注的事情”,concern是单数可数名词,在这里表示泛指的“一个公众关注的事情”,应该用不定冠词a修饰。
5.(2023·山西临汾质检)It came as shock that a fire broke out in my neighborhood yesterday evening.
答案 shock前加a 
解析 句意:昨天晚上我家附近发生了火灾,真是令人震惊。a shock表示“令人震惊的一件事”,此处是抽象名词具体化。
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6.(2022·河南开封试题,改编) People develop preference for a particular style of learning at an early age and these preferences affect learning.
答案 preference前加a  
解析句意:人们在小的时候就会形成一种对特定的学习风格的喜好,这些喜好影响(一个人的)学习。此处preference表示“一种喜好/偏爱”,是可数名词,所以填a。
7.(2022·浙江杭州试题,改编) During my the last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
答案删除第一个the
解析句意:在我的最后一个寒假,我和我的父亲去农村看望我的祖父母。last winter holiday前面有物主代词,所以删除the。
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8.(2021·河北石家庄一中试题,改编)It would be the wonderful world if all of us could live in peace with one another.
答案the→a 
解析此处表示“一个美好的世界”,应用不定冠词表示泛指。
9.(2020·江苏苏州中学试题,改编)As for my life in this new school,frankly speaking,I lead a busy but a colorful life.
答案删除第二个a 
解析but连接并列形容词,中心词life已有不定冠词修饰,因此应该删除第二个不定冠词a。
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10.(2020·河南省中原名校质量考评,改编) Just then the girl and her dad drove near, searching for their lost pets.
答案the→a 
解析句中的名词girl是第一次出现且girl是以辅音音素开头的单词,故用不定冠词a。
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考点2名词和代词 
精讲·语法知识
一、名词
1.名词的数 2.名词的格 3.做定语的名词 4.抽象名词的具体化 5.名词的构词法
二、代词
1.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 2.指示代词 3.疑问代词 
4.不定代词 5.it的用法
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夯实·基础训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·浙江1月,改编)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the  criticism (criticize) that they lead to waste.
解析 句意:许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。所填的词作介词of的宾语,所以用名词criticism,表示“批评”。
2.(2024·湖南长沙模拟,改编)The size of a Siheyuan was affected by the  household’s (household) social status, which was reflected in the gate as well.
解析 句意:四合院的大小受家庭社会地位的影响,这也反映在大门上。此处household 与下文的status为所属关系,所以用名词所有格形式,故填household’s。
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3.(2024·河北石家庄模拟,改编)From the majestic Great Wall to the amazing art of calligraphy, from the colorful festivals to the delicious cuisine, Chinese culture is a fascinating blend of ancient
 wisdom (wise) and modern civilization.
解析 句意:从雄伟的长城到令人惊叹的书法艺术,从丰富多彩的节日到美味的美食,中国文化是一个迷人的古代智慧与现代文明的融合。所填的词作介词的宾语,所以用名词形式,wisdom是不可数。
4.(2024·陕西咸阳一模,改编)Practitioners lift and spin needles to unblock the flow of energy; restore yin and yang balance; and stimulate the body’s inborn potential to heal  itself (it).
解析 句意:针灸者举起并旋转针头以疏通能量流;恢复阴阳平衡;并刺激身体天生的自愈潜能。结合句意可知,此处和the body是同一指代对象,应用反身代词itself作宾语。
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5.(2023·河北唐山模拟,改编)Tian’s  observation (observe) of her mother painting has developed into her own passion for the art.
解析 句意:田对她母亲绘画的观察培养了她自己对艺术的热情。所填的词作句子的主语,根据谓语动词has developed可知,该名词用单数形式,故填observation。
6.(2023·山东济宁模拟,改编)It will promote   man’s  (man) understanding toward the values of manned space flight.
解析 句意:它可以促进人们对载人航天价值的理解。man和understanding之间是所属关系,因此空格处填名词所有格 man’s。
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7.(2023·江苏盐城模拟,改编)Researchers were excited to find out something new about how animals change  their (they) behavior based on climate change.
解析 句意:研究人员很兴奋地发现了一些关于动物如何基于气候变化改变行为的新信息。所填的词修饰名词,所以用形容词性的物主代词,故填their。
8.(2023·河北唐山模拟,改编)At the same time, 91.6 percent of them expressed their expectations for more video  programs (program) digging deeper into traditional Chinese culture than before.
解析 句意:与此同时,91.6%的受访者表达了他们希望更多的视频节目能比以往更深入地挖掘中国传统文化。program是可数名词,根据前面的more可知,该词要用复数形式。
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观修饰语,定单复数
当设空处前面是冠词、数词、名词的所有格、形容词性的物主代词或some,any等限定词时,可判断设空处为名词。当设空处后有定语从句、介词短语、非谓语动词短语等修饰语时,也可判定设空处为名词。然后,需要根据修饰语或句子的谓语动词来判断名词的单复数。如修饰语是a,an等或谓语是goes,teaches等时,则名词是单数形式;如修饰语是many,few,a number of...,one of...等或谓语是动词原形时,则考虑名词为复数形式。
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9.(2023·天津,6,改编)I really want to go to a place for the summer vacation, one   especially with beautiful scenery and unique culture.
解析 句意:我真的很想去一个地方过暑假,一个拥有特别美丽的风景和独特的文化的地方。根据句子可知,此处表示泛指度过暑假的地方,one指代的刚提到过的同一类人或物。
10.(2022·天津,14,改编)—Angela just doesn’t like me.She won’t even say hello.
—Don’t jump to  conclusions (conclude).Actually, she’s very shy.
解析 句意:——Angela就是不喜欢我。她甚至不愿意跟我打招呼。——不要太早下结论。事实上,她只是害羞而已。所填的词作宾语,所以用名词形式;conclusion是可数名词,所以用复数形式。
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11.(2022·浙江余姚一中试题,改编)When I look at this picture of
myself (my),it often brings back to me many happy memories of my high school days.
解析句意:当我看着这张我自己的照片时,它经常让我回想起高中时代的许多美好回忆。所填的词做宾语,反指句子的主语,所以用反身代词。
12.(2022·河北正定中学试题,改编)A sense of  devotion (devote) is the basic requirement for people working in the service industry,such as education and health care.
解析句意:对于从事像教育、医疗这样的服务业的人们来说,具有奉献意识是最基本的要求。设空处的前面是介词of,故应填名词devotion(奉献,忠心)。
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13.(2021·江西高安中学试题,改编)There are two ways leading into the woods,and fortunately  either  seems to be possible.
解析句意:有两条路通往森林,幸运的是哪条似乎都走得通。根据语境可知,此处要用either表示“两者中的任何一个”。
14.(2021·山东省实验中学试题,改编)It’s a lovely day.I love
 it  when the weather is like this.
解析分析句子结构可知,it在句中做形式宾语,真正的宾语为when the weather is like this。在love、like、hate、appreciate等词后不能直接跟宾语从句,需要it做形式宾语,再跟上宾语从句。
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15.(2020·江苏,33,改编)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable transformation (transform).
解析句意:许多国家的卫生保障体系正在经历重大变革。根据前面的形容词可知,所填的词是名词形式。
16.(2020·北京四中期中试题,改编)For  reference (refer),students should keep the list of books at hand.
解析句意:学生们应把书单放在手边,以供参考。根据句意及空前的For可知,这里应用名词reference。for reference意为“以供参考”。
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Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2024·陕西宝鸡模拟,改编)The proverbs I like most is “Where there is a will, there is a way”, which tells that we should stick to our dreams.
答案 proverbs→proverb 
解析 句意:我最喜欢的谚语是“有志者,事竟成”,这告诉我们应该坚持我们的梦想。根据后文is可知proverb应用单数形式,故proverbs改为proverb。
2.(2024·陕西渭南一模,改编)Student from poor families can apply for subsidies(津贴) to support them studies.
答案 them→their 
解析 句意:家庭经济困难的学生可以申请助学金来支持他们的学业。them后是名词,所以应该用形容词性物主代词作定语,故将them改为their。
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3.(2024·四川绵阳模拟,改编)Although he was busy, he showed us around, explaining to us the amazing history of the journal and their producing process.
答案 their→its 
解析 句意:虽然他很忙,但还是带我们四处参观,向我们讲解这本杂志的历史和制作过程。此处指代的是the journal,所以把their改为its。
4.(2024·四川德阳模拟,改编)During the climb, we watch the wildlife and took many photo.
答案 photo→photos 
解析 句意:在攀登过程中,我们观看了野生动物,并拍了许多张照片。可数名词photo前有many修饰,应用复数形式,故将photo改为photos。
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5.(2023·广西柳州质检)The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has branch all over the country.
答案 branch→branches 
解析 句意:这家银行的总部在北京,但在全国各地都有分行。根据后面的“all over the country”可知,branch要用复数形式。
6.(2023·河南信阳模拟)We can go to Qingdao, where it is cool and mild, and have funs at the seaside.
答案 funs→fun 
解析 句意:我们可以去青岛,那里凉爽温和,可以在海边玩耍。fun在此处意为“乐趣”,为不可数名词,没有复数形式,have fun意为“玩得开心”,为固定搭配,故把funs改为fun。
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7.(2022·江苏海门中学试题,改编)His dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial origins and from different culture live side by side in peace.
答案culture→cultures 
解析句意:他的梦想是,奥运会将帮助不同种族、不同文化的人和平共处。根据修饰语different可知,culture要用复数形式。
8.(2022·陕西西安实验中学试题,改编)Surprisingly,Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made it almost an overcoat for her.
答案it→itself
解析句意:让人吃惊的是,苏珊漂亮的头发长到了膝盖以下,几乎成了她的一件外衣。此处指代的是句子的主语“Susan’s beautiful hair”, 所以把it改为反身代词itself。
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9.(2021·安徽师大附中试题,改编)Words came that over 20 buses had been stuck in mud on Highway 18 because of the fearful storm.
答案Words→Word 
解析word当“消息”解时为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。Word came that...“传来消息说……”。
10.(2020·浙江杭州十四中期中试题,改编)I feel it would be quite a challenge to live in a house without modern electric equipments.
答案equipments→equipment 
解析equipment是不可数名词,没有复数形式。
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考点3介词和动词短语 
精讲·语法知识
一、介词
1.表示时间的介词 2.表示方位的介词 3.表示方式的介词 
4.表示原因的介词(短语) 5.besides,except,except for,but,apart from 6.介词短语
二、动词短语
1.动词短语的结构 2.以动词为词源形成的常考动词短语 
3.易混易错高频短语辨析
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夯实·基础训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·山东菏泽模拟,改编)Bian Que, a truly skilled physician during the Warring States Period, was well known for having saved a prince  from  “death” by using needles to stimulate the Baihui acupoint(穴位) on the head of the unconscious man.
解析 句意:战国时期的一位真正医术高超的医生扁鹊,曾用针刺百会穴成功救活了一位昏迷的贵族,使他免于死亡。save...from...意为“免于……”,是动词短语。
2.(2024·河北石家庄模拟,改编)The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, and Gu Gong in Chinese, lies at the city center of Beijing, and once served   as  the imperial palace for 24 emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
解析 句意:紫禁城,也被称为故宫博物院,中文叫“故宫”,位于北京市中心,曾是明清时期24位皇帝的皇宫。serve as是固定搭配,意为“充当……;用作……”。
to
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3.(2024·陕西西安一模,改编)However, others reckoned that hanfu
  with  fancy and modern decorations can’t be regarded as hanfu at all.
解析 句意:然而另一些人则认为,带有花哨和现代装饰的汉服根本不能被视为汉服。空后接名词作宾语,表示“带有”,应用介词with。
4.(2024·广东茂名一模,改编)The cultural relics recorded on the map account   for  less than 2% of the over 760,000 immovable cultural relics.
解析 句意:在76万多件不可移动文物中,地图上记录的文物占比还不到2%。account for为固定搭配,意为“占比”。
to
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5.(2023·河北唐山模拟,改编)Now people can have access  to her paintings exhibited at the local cultural center.
解析 句意:现在人们可以接触到她在当地文化中心展出的画作。have access to意为“访问;接近”,是固定短语,所以填to。
6.(2023·山东青岛质检,改编)About 20 to 33 percent of people in the world use chopsticks   on  a daily basis.
解析 句意:世界上约有20%到33%的人每天使用筷子。on a daily basis是固定短语,意为“每天”,所以填on。
7.(2023·山东潍坊质检,改编)Larson became inspired to start setting up little boxes that could serve as nests   for  bluebirds.
解析 句意:Larson受到启发,开始搭建小盒子,作为蓝鸟的巢穴。此处表示目的,所以用介词for。
to
to
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8.(2023·江苏南京质检,改编)Giggling kids raced cheerfully along the lakeside beach, with their parents enjoying the shady picnic areas under the trees along the shore.
解析 句意:咯咯笑着的孩子们沿着湖边的沙滩欢快地奔跑,他们的父母在岸边树下的野餐区享受着阴凉。分析句子结构可知,句中“      their parents enjoying the shady picnic areas”为with的复合结构,在句中作状语,所以填with。
9.(2022·天津,10,改编)The experienced climber was well aware     
of the potential danger in such extreme weather and decided to wait until the following day.
解析 句意:有经验的登山者充分意识到在这样极端天气下存在的潜在风险,决定等到第二天。be aware of意为“意识到”,所以填介词of。
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10.(2022·天津,12,改编)I’m far  behind schedule and I’ll never get this report done by Friday.
解析 句意:我远远落后于预定计划,我将无法在星期五之前完成这份报告。此处表示behind schedule意为“落后于预定计划”,所以填behind。
11.(2022·黑龙江伊美试题,改编)Thanks   to  advances in technology,how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.
解析句意:由于科技的进步,我们交朋友和与他们交流的方式发生了重大变化。thanks to“由于;幸亏”,是固定搭配。
12.(2022·四川成都外国语学校试题,改编) Although the deadline is approaching,she still can’t come up  with   a good idea to solve the problem.
解析句意:虽然期限快到了,她还是想不出一个好办法来解决这个问题。come up with“提出;想出”,是固定短语。
behind
behind
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13.(2022·山东青岛二中试题,改编) While staying in the village,John unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything   in  return.
解析句意:在村庄停留期间,约翰无私地和村民分享他所拥有的一切,不要求任何回报。in return“作为回报”。
14.(2022·云南昆明一中试题,改编) Provide your doctor  with  a detailed medical history in case he can give you accurate treatment.
解析句意:向你的医生提供一份详细的病史,以便他能给你准确的治疗。
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15.(2021·天津,2,改编)I wanted to make dumplings but found I had run out   of  flour,so I went out to buy some.
解析句意:我想包饺子,但发现我的面粉用完了,所以我出去买了一些。run out of“用完;用尽”。
16.(2021·天津,8,改编) Nowadays many people travel across China
  by  means of high-speed trains.
解析句意:如今,许多人乘高铁在中国各地旅行。by means of“用,依靠,借助于”。根据语境可知,此处表示“借助于高铁”。
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据搭配,填介(副)词
短语动词在语法填空中的考查对我们来说是个难点,因为同一个动词可以和不同的介词或副词搭配,而且意思也大不相同;就是同一个短语动词,其本身也有多种不同的含义。因此作答时,我们首先要理解句子的意思,然后判断短语动词在句中的含义,最后根据其搭配填写构成短语动词的介词或副词。
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Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2024·陕西咸阳一模,改编)I realized that it was important to admit my strengths and weaknesses and accept myself who I am.
答案 who前加as/for 
解析 句意:我意识到承认自己的优点和缺点并接受自己是很重要的。accept...for/as是固定搭配,意为“接受……”,故在who前面加as/for。
2.(2024·河南平顶山模拟,改编)A brief self-introduction video about the competitors was shown on the beginning of the competition.
答案 on→at 
解析 句意:比赛开始前播放了一段简短的选手自我介绍视频。at the beginning of意为“开始,起初”,是固定搭配,故将on改为at。
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3.(2024·四川绵阳二模,改编)With great determination, she went to his math teacher, Jackson, to help.
答案 to→for 
解析 句意:她带着极大的决心,去找数学老师杰克逊寻求帮助。go to sb. for help为固定搭配,意为“向某人求助”,故将to改为for。
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4.(2023·吉林通化质检)The teammates supported each other to pass the rocky areas on the course of the climb.
答案 on→in/during 
解析 句意:在攀登过程中,队友们互相支持,通过岩石区域。此处指在爬山的过程中,course在此意为“过程;经过”,in/during the course of...表示“在……过程中”。
5.(2023·甘肃兰州质检)The book you referred just now is not in the library.Someone may have borrowed it.
答案 referred后加to 
解析 句意:你刚才提到的那本书不在图书馆。或许已经有人借走了这本书。“The book”后有定语从句修饰,省略了在从句中作宾语的关系词that/which; refer意为“提及;谈到”是不及物动词,故在其后加to。
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6.(2022·安徽定远试题,改编) Brown said he was by no means annoyed;in the contrary,he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.
答案in→on 
解析句意:布朗说他一点儿都不生气,正相反,他很高兴能把自己的意思表达清楚。on the contrary“相反”。
7.(2022·广西南宁试题,改编)Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach of working things out.
答案of→to 
解析句意:面对你的问题而不是逃避它们才是解决问题的最好办法。表示“……的办法”时,approach的后面要接介词to。
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8.(2020·山西考前适应性测试,改编)The company said as well as giving customers faster Internet service,5G would also be for great benefit to businesses.
答案for→of 
解析语境使用的是“be of+抽象名词”结构,be of benefit=be beneficial,因此这里用介词of而不是for。
9.(2020·山西临汾一中月考,改编)And I like staying up late watching TV,surfing the Internet or doing something I’m fond.
答案fond后加of 
解析be fond of“喜欢……”。
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10.(2019·“荆、荆、襄、宜”四地七校联考,改编) The activities will surely arouse our interest in learning English and improve our understanding in English.
答案第二个in→of 
解析表示“对……的理解”要用介词of。
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考点4形容词和副词 
精讲·语法知识
一、形容词和副词的基本用法
1.形容词的基本用法
2.副词的基本用法
二、形容词和副词的比较等级
1.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
2.形容词和副词比较等级的用法
3.比较等级的特殊用法
4.形容词和副词比较等级的修饰语
5.倍数的表示法
6.形容词和副词的词性转换
7.易混形容词、副词的用法
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夯实·基础训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·山东菏泽模拟,改编)Acupuncture is also in line with the philosophy that promotes the  harmonious  (harmony) coexistence of humans with nature.
解析 句意:针灸也符合促进人与自然和谐共处的哲学。所填的词修饰名词coexistence,所以用形容词形式,故填harmonious。
2.(2024·河北石家庄模拟,改编)Rectangular(矩形的) in shape, The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is the world’s
 largest  (large) palace complex.
解析 句意:紫禁城,也称作故宫博物院,呈长方形,是世界上最大的宫殿建筑群。根据句意和比较范围“the world’s”可知,此处表示“最大的”,用形容词最高级largest。
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3.(2024·浙江宁波模拟,改编) Previously (previous), the majority of the villagers went out to work, leaving the wooden houses unoccupied.
解析 句意:以前,大多数村民外出工作,留下木屋无人居住。所填的词修饰整个句子,所以用副词形式。该词位于句首,首字母要大写,故填Previously。
4.(2024·安徽合肥模拟,改编)The  original (origin) musical, Titanic, opened on Broadway in 1997 and won five Tony Awards, including Best Musical.
解析 句意:原版音乐剧《泰坦尼克号》于1997年在百老汇首演,获得了包括最佳音乐剧在内的五项托尼奖。所填的词修饰名词“musical”,所以用形容词形式,故填original。
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5.(2023·河北邯郸模拟,改编)The children were so friendly(friend), and kept me busy and having fun all day due to all the different activities we organized.
解析 句意:孩子们非常友好,由于我们组织了各种各样的活动,这让我整天都很忙,很开心。所填的词作表语,所以用形容词形式,故填friendly。
6.(2023·山东青岛二中质检,改编)
Students enthusiastically (enthusiastic) raised questions concerning their daily lives.
解析 句意:学生们热情地提出了有关他们日常生活的问题。所填的词修饰动词“raised”,所以用副词形式,enthusiastic的副词是enthusiastically,意为“热情地”。
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7.(2023·广东汕头质检,改编)While in the beginning such songs and stories had a simple format, over time they became more complicated and  prettier (pretty).
解析 句意:虽然一开始这些歌曲和故事的格式简单,但随着时间的推移,它们变得更加复杂和美丽。根据“and”可知,此处和前面的“more complicated”为并列关系,也是比较级形式,故填prettier。
8.(2023·江苏泰州模拟,改编)We had an incredible lunch at one of the
 best  (good) restaurants in Lhasa, which offered a beautiful view verlooking the Jokhang Temple.
解析 句意:我们在拉萨最好的一家餐厅吃了一顿令人难以置信的午餐,那里可以俯瞰大昭寺的美景。根据“one of”可知,此处要用最高级,所以填best。
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9.(2022·吉林省吉林市试题,改编) Farmers are  extremely (extreme) busy during the harvest and some even work in the field day and night.
解析句意:农民在收获期间非常忙碌,有些人甚至在地里日夜劳作。所填的词是形容词做状语,所以用副词形式。
10.(2022·江苏盐城试题,改编) Mr Smith asked his secretary to arrange a  convenient (convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an interview.
解析句意:布朗先生让秘书为求职者安排了一个方便的时间和地点进行面试。所填的词修饰名词做定语,所以用形容词形式。
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11.(2022·四川成都外国语学校试题,改编)Using wood stoves or open fires to make meals creates  harmful (harm) gases to the environment.
解析句意:使用柴火或明火做饭会产生对环境有害的气体。所填的词修饰名词做定语,所以应用形容词形式。
12.(2022·黑龙江大庆实验中学试题,改编) I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are  more meaningful (meaningful) things to do.
解析句意:我觉得每天晚上看电视是浪费时间——有更有意义的事可以做。根据句意可知,和看电视相比,有更有意义的事情可以做,所以此处应用比较级。
13.(2021·天津,5,改编)The police searched the area for several days.  
Eventually (eventual),they found the piece of evidence they were looking for.
解析句意:警察在这一地区搜查了好几天。最终,他们找到了他们一直在努力寻找的证据。所填的词修饰整个句子做状语,所以用副词形式。
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Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2024·四川成都模拟,改编)“They get taller and thin,” as a professor describes it.
答案thin→thinner
解析 句意:“他们变得越来越高,越来越瘦,”一位教授这样描述。此处和“taller”并列,应用形容词比较级,故将thin改为thinner。
2.(2024·四川南充一模,改编)Nowadays, some famous tourist attractions are crowded with tourists during the holidays, which makes it possible for tourists to enjoy themselves.
答案 possible→impossible 
解析 句意:如今,一些著名的旅游景点在假期里挤满了游客,这使得游客不可能玩得开心。根据句意可知,旅游景点在假期里挤满了游客,所以会使得游客“不可能”玩得开心,故将possible改为impossible。
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3.(2024·陕西榆林模拟,改编)I have strong interest in English and foreign culture, so I’d like to be total absorbed in the atmosphere of English.
答案total→totally
解析 句意:我对英语和外国文化有浓厚的兴趣,所以我想完全沉浸在英语的氛围中。此处修饰后面的动词 absorbed,所以用副词形式,故将total改为totally。
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4.(2023·江西南昌一中模拟)The shopping centre where he worked was the second big one in Scotland.
答案 big→biggest 
解析 句意:他工作的购物中心是苏格兰第二大购物中心。根据该句中的“the second”和“in Scotland”可知,此处表示“苏格兰第二大购物中心”,故用形容词的最高级。
5.(2023·云南玉溪质检) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of great and less importance.
答案 great→greater 
解析 句意:如果你觉得工作中的责任有压力,你应该后退一步,找出那些重要的和不重要的事情。and连接两个并列成分,根据语境及空后的“and less importance”可知,此处应用形容词的比较级来修饰“importance”,故用greater。
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6.(2022·甘肃天水一中试题,改编) Everything seemed to be going smooth for the first two days after I moved to the countryside.
答案 smooth→smoothly 
解析 句意:在我搬到农村后的开始两天一切看起来都很顺利。此处修饰动词作状语,所以用副词形式。
7.(2022·河南安阳试题,改编) The workers were not well organized than before,otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time.
答案 well→better 
解析 句意:工人们没有被更好地组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务了。根据后面的than before可知,此处要用比较级。
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8.(2021·山东实验中学期中试题,改编)We find ourselves very tired on Mondays to concentrate on the lessons in our school.
答案very→too 
解析too...to do sth为固定结构,意为“太……而不能做某事”,故将very改为too。
9.(2020·浙江余姚中学试题,改编)Melbourne is the second large city in Australia and I want to visit it next month.
答案large→largest 
解析“the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词”表示“第几个最……的……”,为固定结构。
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考点5名词性从句 
精讲·语法知识
一、主语从句
1.主语从句的引导词 2.用it做形式主语的主语从句
二、宾语从句
1.宾语从句的引导词 2.用it做形式宾语的宾语从句
三、表语从句
1.表语从句的引导词 2.其他词引导的表语从句
四、同位语从句
1.同位语从句的引导词
2.常见后接同位语从句的名词
五、易混引导词
1.what和that 2.whether和that 3.whether和if
4.who和whoever
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夯实·基础训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·浙江1月,改编)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s  what  they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo(单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
解析 句意:如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买,那他们就会推广。所填的词引导表语从句,从句中缺少宾语,且是指事物,所以应用连接代词what。
2.(2024·山东菏泽模拟,改编)Evolving from the discovery
  that using stone needles to stick specific points into the skin and underlying tissues could ease pain, acupuncture has become an essential part of traditional Chinese medicine.
解析 句意:人们发现使用石针将特定的穴位插入皮肤和皮下组织可以缓解疼痛,针灸由此演变而来,并已成为传统中医的重要组成部分。所填的词引导同位语从句,说明“discovery”的内容,从句不缺少成分,句意完整,故填that。
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3.(2024·陕西西安模拟,改编)Meanwhile, fans wonder
 how often one should wear the clothing, every day or on special occasions like festivals and weddings.
解析 句意:与此同时,粉丝们想知道人们应该多久穿一次这种衣服,是每天穿还是在节日和婚礼等特殊场合穿。此处引导宾语从句,指频率,意为“多久一次”,应用how often,故填how。
4.(2023·山东潍坊质检,改编) What   started as a hobby to pursue in his retirement turned into a full-time effort.
解析 句意:他在退休后的业余爱好变成了全职工作。本句为主语从句,从句缺少主语且指物,所以用连接代词what引导。
5.(2023·河北邯郸模拟,改编)I had no idea   how  I could spend those days, especially since I don’t speak Portuguese.
解析 句意:我不知道如何度过那些日子,尤其是因为我不会说葡萄牙语。根据句意可知,空处表示“如何”,引导宾语从句,所以空处应用连词how。
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6.(2023·浙江余姚中学检测,改编)According to legend, this is  
 where Kong Ming prayed for wind.
解析 句意:据传说,这是孔明祈求风的地方。所填的词引导表语从句并在从句中作地点状语,所以填where。
7.(2023·广东汕头质检,改编)Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about
  what  I would find at the top of this magical mountain.
解析 句意:我焦急地上床睡觉,梦想着我会在这座神奇的山顶上发现什么。所填的词引导宾语从句并在从句中作“find”的宾语,故填what。
how
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8.(2023·天津,11,改编)People who value their privacy are concerned about  what Google might do with the information it is gathering.
解析句意:重视隐私的人担心谷歌可能会对其收集的信息做些什么。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少宾语,表示“谷歌可能做的事情”,所以用连接代词what引导宾语从句。
9.(2022·天津,11,改编)Mental health involves   how  you process things such as stress and anxiety.
解析 句意:心理健康包括如何处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事物。所填的词引导宾语从句,连接词表示“如何,怎样”的意思,所以填how。
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10.(2022·河北正定中学试题,改编) You can’t help wondering  
 how hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
解析句意:你不禁会想,对当时的人们来说,把这些石头放置在适当的位置有多难。根据空格后面的形容词hard可知,所有的词做状语,修饰hard,所以填how。
11.(2022·安徽定远试题,改编) The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief  that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
解析句意:在最高水平上取得成功的唯一方法就是要完全相信在运动场上,你比其他任何人都优秀。所填的词引导同位语从句,从句结构和意义完整,故填that。
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12.(2022·海南一模,改编) While the system is still in early development,it is predicted  that  commercial operations could start as early as 2027.
解析句意:虽然该系统仍处于早期开发阶段,但预计商业运营最早可能在2027年开始。It is predicted that...“预计……”,that引导的是主语从句。
13.(2022·山西高新一中试题,改编) It was unclear to researchers  
 whether unemployment caused poor health or whether poor health led to job loss.
解析句意:研究人员还不清楚失业是导致健康状况不佳,还是健康状况不佳导致失业。根据句意可知,所填的词引导主语从句,表示“是否”,所以填whether。
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14.(2021·四川成都模拟,改编)To succeed in running the business,you need to choose  whoever  is the most capable as your partner.
解析句意:为了在经营公司上取得成功,你需要选择任何最能干的人作为你的合伙人。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导宾语从句,且在从句中做主语,表示“……的任何人”,应用whoever。
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Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2024·四川攀枝花二模,改编)Feeling deeply grateful to her for that she has done for me, I wish her all the best.
答案 that→what 
解析 句意:我深深地感激她为我所做的一切,祝她一切顺利。此处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,指事物应用what引导,故that改为what。
2.(2024·四川南充一模,改编)It reflects the fact what it is difficult to travel to crowded tourist attractions.
答案 what→that
解析 句意:它反映了一个事实,即很难去拥挤的旅游景点。分析句子结构可知,此处引导的是同位语从句,从句中结构完整,不缺成分,应该用that引导,故将what改为that。
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3.(2024·四川绵阳模拟,改编)That made us especially happy was that he promised to give us continuous guidance.
答案That→What
解析 句意:让我们特别高兴的是,他答应继续给予我们指导。此处为主语从句,that在主语从句中不作句子成分,但此处为主语,故把That改为What。
4.(2023·河南洛阳质检) The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is what one can be entirely free from dust.
答案 what →that 
解析 句意:雨季最令人愉悦的事情就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。“is”后跟的是表语从句,表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语,因此用that,所以把what改为that。
5.(2023·广西柳州质检) Some researchers believe that there is no doubt a cure for the disease will be found.
答案 doubt后加that 
解析 句意:一些研究人员相信治疗这种病的药肯定会被发现。there is no doubt that...意为“毫无疑问……”,that引导的是同位语从句,不能省略。
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6.(2022·广西南宁试题,改编)The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered how the boy would do.
答案how→what 
解析句意:新来的男孩看了老师几秒钟,其他的学生都想知道这个男孩会做什么。连接词做do的宾语,表示“什么”,所以把how改为what。
7.(2022·河南中原名校质检,改编) The older you are,the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. That is because more life experience may help you better identify priorities in life.
答案because→why
解析句意:年纪越大,越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。That is because ... 这是/那是因为……,because从句表示原因。That is why ...那就是为什么……,why从句表示结果。
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8.(2020·湖南长郡中学下学期试题,改编)Having a positive attitude and making full use of the benefits that the new sort of competition brings to us are that really counts.
答案第二个that→what 
解析句意:有一个积极的态度并且充分利用这种新型的竞争带给我们的优势是真正重要的事情。分析句子结构可知,are后为表语从句,并且表语从句中缺少主语,所以把第二个that改为what。
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考点6定语从句 
精讲·语法知识
一、关系代词的用法
二、关系代词that和which的用法区别
1.限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that不用which的情况
2.先行词指物时,关系代词只用which不用that的情况
三、as 引导的定语从句
1.as引导限制性定语从句
2.as引导非限制性定语从句
3.关系代词as与which的区别
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四、关系副词的用法
五、“介词(短语)+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.“介词(短语)+关系代词”引导的定语从句
2.“不定代词/数词/名词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句
3.“介词+which+名词”引导的定语从句
4.“介词+关系副词”引导的定语从句
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夯实·基础训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·浙江1月,改编)Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way  that/which  will make them the most money.
解析 句意:当然,商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。先行词为way,关系词在限制性定语从句中作主语,所以应用关系代词that或which。
2.(2024·江西联校一模,改编)Rongjiang county has set aside a special area for night time economy, including free stalls, areas for barbecue, snacks and cold drinks,  which became another local popular venue following football field.
解析 句意:榕江县专门开辟了夜间经济区域,包括免费摊位、烧烤区、小吃区和冷饮区,成为当地继足球场之后的又一热门场所。分析句子结构可知,该句是非限制性定语从句,先行词是a special area,指物,定语从句中缺少主语,故填which。
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3.(2024·河北石家庄模拟,改编)“It is a decrease from 310 sets logged in January 2020,  when a zero-waste campaign was launched,” said the museum.
解析 句意:该博物馆表示:“这比2020年1月发起的废弃运动时记录的310套有所减少。”空处单词引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词January 2020,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状语,故填when。
4.(2024·湖北武汉模拟,改编)It is believed that this method later spread to other parts of East Asia, including Japan,  where similarities can be seen in the way matcha(抹茶) is prepared today.
解析 句意:有人认为,这种方法后来传播到了东亚的其他地区,包括日本,从今天的抹茶制作方法中可以看出相似之处。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Japan,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
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5.(2023·山东济宁模拟,改编)Wang Yaping,  who  was assisted by the other two crew members, conducted several scientific experiments.
解析 句意:王亚平在其他两名机组成员的帮助下,进行了几项科学实验。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词“Wang Yaping”是人,因此空格处用关系代词who。
6.(2023·河北唐山模拟,改编)To promote the old folk art further, she is trying to combine it with contemporary craft, which   may be more appealing to new and younger generations.
解析 句意:为了进一步推广古老的民间艺术,她正在尝试将其与当代工艺相结合,这可能对新的和年轻的一代更有吸引力。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为上文整个主句,从句缺少主语,所以填which。
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7.(2023·江西南昌质检,改编)I love Chinese people and their culture and that is one reason  why  I am still here after 13 years!
解析 句意:我喜欢中国人和他们的文化,这就是13年后我还在这里的原因之一!空处引导定语从句,先行词是“one reason”,关系词在定语从句中作原因状语,所以填why。
8.(2023·山东青岛高三检测)Since 2016  when the company was founded, Chop Value has rescued billions of chopsticks from landfills.
解析 句意:自2016年公司成立以来,Chop Value已经从垃圾填埋场拯救了数十亿双筷子。所填的词引导限制性定语从句并在从句中作时间状语,所以填when。
9.(2022·天津,15,改编)Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler,for  whom  routes round a city or a site are often suggested.
解析 句意:旅游指南是为了给游客提供方便的,里面为游客建议了参观一个城市或景点的路线。分析句子成分可知,空处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“traveler”,故填whom。
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10.(2022·山东青岛二中试题,改编)Whether you like it or not,we live in a community  where  online chatting is an important part of communication.
解析句意:不管你是否喜欢,在我们生活的这个社会,网上聊天是人际交流的一个重要部分。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词a community,并在从句中做地点状语,因此用where 引导。
11.(2022·浙江杭州试题,改编) In the cafe,customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment   that/which  is created for them.
解析句意:在咖啡馆里,顾客可以享受为他们创造的历史环境。空处引导定语从句,先行词environment,关系词在定语从句中做主语,所以填that/which。
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12.(2022·山西运城康杰中学试题,改编)The mother thanked the young man again and again,without   whose   help her son would have been injured by the passing car.
解析句意:这位母亲一次又一次地感谢这个年轻人,如果没有他的帮助,她的儿子就被过往的汽车撞伤了。分析句子成分可知,关系词修饰名词help做定语,所以填whose。
13.(2022·安徽合肥试题,改编)The living standard of the people in China,  as   is shown in the report,has improved over the past decades.
解析句意:正如报告所显示的,中国人民的生活水平在过去的几十年里得到了改善。关系词引导非限制性定语从句并在句中做主语,含有“正如”的意思,所以填as。
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14.(2021·天津,7,改编) In the spring,a season   when   we are learning new rhythms of life,many of us find comfort in the natural world.
解析句意:春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节,许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处a season是先行词,关系词在从句中做时间状语,故填when。
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Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2024·河南郑州模拟,改编)Our school held an online English speech successfully on 21 April, which theme was To The World.
答案 which→whose
解析 句意:我校于4月21日成功举办了一场以“To The World”为主题的在线英语演讲。句中先行词为“online English speech”,关系词在非限定性定语从句作名词“theme”的定语,所以用关系代词whose引导,故将which改为whose。
2.(2024·四川德阳一模,改编)Today, my family and I went hiking in the mountain where is rich in wildlife.
答案 where→which或that 
解析 句意:今天,我和家人去野生动物丰富的山上徒步旅行。“mountain”是先行词,关系词在定语从句中作主语,先行词为物,关系代词可用which或that,故将where改为which或that。
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3.(2023·江西九江质检) I live next door to a couple whom children often make a lot of noise.
答案 whom→whose 
解析 句意:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常吵闹。本句定语从句的关系词在定语从句中作定语修饰“children”,并指代前文的“a couple”,因此这里应该用whose引导定语从句。
4.(2023·陕西西安中学检测)Las Vegas has many wonderful restaurants that you can eat many different kinds of food.
答案 that→where 
解析 句意:拉斯维加斯有许多很棒的餐厅,在那里你可以吃到许多不同种类的食物。本句的关系词引导定语从句修饰“restaurants”,并在从句中作地点状语,因此应该用where而不是that。
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5.(2022·四川成都外国语学校试题,改编) The first place which they visited in Chengdu was Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.
答案which→that
解析句意:他们在成都参观的第一个地方是成都大熊猫繁育研究基地。句中先行词为place,且被序数词first修饰,关系词在定语从句中做宾语,所以把which改为that。
6.(2022·河南郑州试题,改编) The church tower where is being built will be open to tourists soon as the work is almost finished.
答案where→which/that 
解析句意:正在修建的教堂塔不久将对游客开放,因为这工作已基本完成。先行词是tower,关系词在定语从句中做主语,所以把where改为which/that。
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7.(2020·黑龙江哈三中试题,改编)Anyhow,October 15 is the day that you must pay your rent,or we’ll have to ask you to leave.
答案that→when 
解析先行词是the day,关系词在从句中做时间状语,故应用when。
8.(2020·河南中原名校质量考评,改编)Finally, we agreed that it would be decided by my dad, whom didn’t return home from work.
答案whom→who 
解析句中的先行词为my dad,关系词在非限制性定语从句中做主语,故用关系词who。
9.(2020·辽宁葫芦岛协作校联考,改编) My father, a scientist, works to save rare birds, some of that are really clever and can even say some words.
答案that→which 
解析此处为“代词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
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考点7并列句和状语从句 
精讲·语法知识
一、并列句
1.表示对比、转折关系的并列连词
2.表示因果关系的并列连词
3.表示递进或顺承关系的并列连词
4.表示选择关系的并列连词
5.when用作并列连词
6.“祈使句+and或or+陈述句”构成的并列句
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二、状语从句
1.时间状语从句 
2.地点状语从句 
3.原因状语从句
4.目的状语从句 
5.结果状语从句 
6.让步状语从句
7.条件状语从句 
8.方式状语从句和比较状语从句
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夯实·基础训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·浙江1月,改编)Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home
  or  you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
解析 句意:要么你买的东西太重,搬不回家,要么你买的东西还新鲜,就不能用了。根据前面的either可知,此处为“either...or...”结构,意为“要么……要么……”,故填or。
2.(2024·湖北武汉模拟,改编)Then more hot water is added slowly
 as/when/while the tea is constantly beaten by hand with a bamboo stick.
解析 句意:然后,一边用竹签不断地用手打茶,一边慢慢地加入更多的热水。根据句意可知,空处引导时间状语从句,故可填as/when/while。
before
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3.(2024·山西临汾模拟,改编)The inclusiveness of Chinese culture
  and  the leading role of Chinese aesthetics(美学) have redefined the contemporary world, giving it a new dimension and a new status.
解析 句意:中国文化的包容性和中国美学的主导作用,重新界定了当代世界,赋予了当代世界新的维度和地位。“The inclusiveness of Chinese culture”和“the leading role of Chinese aesthetics”之间是并列关系,应用and连接。
4.(2024·湖南长沙模拟,改编)Female crabs are more prized  than  male crabs because they contain much more roe and are believed to taste sweeter.
解析 句意:雌蟹比雄蟹更珍贵,因为它们含有更多的卵,而且被认为味道更甜。根据空前“more prized”可知,此处为比较级,故填than。
before
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5.(2023·江西南昌质检,改编)Ever since I came here, I have felt peaceful as the city is not so big like Shanghai and Guangzhou,
 but  to a person who needs time to himself, it is a good one.
解析 句意:自从我来到这里,我感到很平静,因为这个城市没有上海和广州那么大,但对于一个需要自己时间的人来说,这是一个很好的城市。空前提到“这个城市没有上海和广州那么大”,空后提到“这是一个很好的城市”,上下文之间形成转折关系,故填but。
6.(2023·江苏南通模拟,改编)NASA said in a statement it hopes the small orbiting instrument could help predict a volcanic eruption   before an explosion happens.
解析 句意:美国国家航空航天局在一份声明中表示,希望这台小型轨道仪器能够在火山爆发之前帮助预测火山爆发。所填的词引导时间状语从句,表示“在……之前”,故填before。
before
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7.(2023·辽宁沈阳质检,改编)The Shangsi Festival falls so close to the Qingming Festival  that  many young people today only know about the latter.
解析 句意:上巳节的时间离清明节的时间很近,以致于现在很多年轻人只知道清明节。分析句子结构可知,此处是“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句,所以填that。
8.(2023·广东汕头模拟,改编)Today, many Chinese people are becoming more interested in reading poems, no matter in
 what language they are written.
解析 句意:如今,许多中国人对阅读诗歌越来越感兴趣,无论诗歌是用什么语言写的。根据句意可知,此处表示“无论什么”,所以填what。
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9.(2022·天津,3,改编)Even  if/though we achieve great success in our work, we should not be too proud.
解析 句意:即使在工作中取得巨大成功,我们也不应该骄傲。根据句意可知,逗号前后的两部分之间为让步关系,根据前面的“Even”可知,要填if/though,意为“即便,尽管”。
10.(2022·天津,4,改编) Although/Though/While gardening may be hard physical work, those who love it find it very relaxing mentally.
解析 句意:虽然园艺可能是艰难的体力工作,但是对于那些热爱园艺的人来讲,它却是精神上的放松。根据语意可知,上下文之间是让步关系,所以此处应用连词Although/Though/While。
11.(2022·天津,8,改编)When people are depressed, some experience a loss of appetite  while  others can’t stop eating.
解析 句意:当人们郁闷时,有些人会失去食欲,而有些人却忍不住暴饮暴食。根据句意可知,上下文表示对比,所以填while,意为“而”。
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12.(2022·江西九江试题,改编) Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 to find  and  study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
解析句意:中国的研究人员希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。根据句子结构可知,to find和study是并列成分,所以填连词and。
13.(2022·江苏盐城试题,改编) Located   where  the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road Initiative.
解析句意:位于“一带一路”的交汇处,江苏将对“一带一路”倡议做出更多贡献。设空处引导地点状语从句,且在从句中做地点状语,因此用where引导。
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14.(2022·江苏海门中学试题,改编) Although/Though/While  journalists are committed to presenting the truth,it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports.
解析句意:尽管记者们致力于报道真相,但与其完全依赖新闻报道,不如使用我们自己的判断。根据句意可知,本句是含有让步状语从句的复合句,所以填Although/Though/While。
15.(2022·辽宁大连试题,改编) It took what seemed to be years
  before   the actress finally turned up,which made the journalists as well as audiences disappointed and angry.
解析句意:似乎过了好几年,这位女演员才终于出现,这让记者和观众都感到失望和愤怒。结合句意可知,此处用连词引导时间状语从句,意为“在……之前”,所以填before。
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16.(2021·天津,1,改编) —I was trying to place an order on your website,  but I failed.
—That’s fine. I can take your order over the phone.
解析句意:——我想在你们的网站上下订单,但是我失败了。——我可以通过电话帮您点餐。根据句意可知,上下文是转折关系,所以填but。
凭逻辑关系,定并列连词
并列连词的考查是高考语法填空的热点,常考的并列连词有:so,but,and,when,while,for等。作答时可根据上下文的逻辑关系来判断所填的并列连词。如:上下文是转折关系填but,前因后果填so,前果后因填for,前后对比填while,并列关系填and等。
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Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2024·陕西咸阳一模,改编)With this new perspective, I continued the hike with a more positive attitude but was able to appreciate those unique qualities that make me who I am.
答案 but→and 
解析 句意:有了这个新的认知,我以更积极的态度继续徒步旅行,并能够欣赏那些造就我的独特品质。“continued the hike with a more positive attitude”和“was able to appreciate those unique qualities that make me who I am.”是并列关系而非转折关系,应用连词and,故将but改为and。
2.(2024·四川成都模拟,改编)They mustn’t touch each other in any way if the lift is crowded and then only lightly at the shoulder or the upper arm.
答案 if→unless 
解析 句意:除非电梯很拥挤,否则他们不能以任何方式接触对方,然后只能轻轻地接触肩膀或上臂。根据句意可知,此处指“除非电梯很拥挤,否则他们不能以任何方式接触对方”,所以应用unless引导条件状语从句,故将if改为unless。
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3.(2024·陕西宝鸡模拟,改编)When in Junior Middle School, I was too poor in my studies that I nearly gave up.
答案 too→so
解析 句意:在初中的时候,我的学习成绩太差,差点就要放弃了。分析句子结构可知,此处为so...that...引导的结果状语从句,故把too改为so。
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4.(2023·四川绵阳中学检测)The book is so interesting and appealing that I want to buy it however it will cost.
答案 however→whatever 
解析 句意:这本书是如此的有趣和有吸引力以至于不管花多少钱我都想要把它买下来。本句后面的让步状语从句应用whatever引导,并在从句中作宾语。
5.(2023·河南洛阳质检)One more week, we will leave school and have a holiday.
答案 we前加and 
解析 句意:再过一周,我们就要离开学校去度假了。这里为“祈使句+and+陈述句(常用一般将来时)”结构,祈使句被名词替代了,因此应该加上并列连词and。
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6.(2022·云南昆明试题,改编) Disabled that he was,Liu Wei achieved the goal many normal people couldn’t accomplish.
答案that→as/though 
解析句意:尽管残疾,但刘伟实现了很多正常人都不能实现的目标。本句为as/though引导的倒装句,其结构“adj./adv./n./v.+as/though+主语+谓语+其他成分”。
7.(2022·江西南昌试题,改编) Though I saw some elderly people practising Tai Chi slowly,I stopped and watched their movements closely.
答案Though→When/As 
解析句意:我看见一些老人正在缓慢地打太极时,我停下来仔细观察他们的动作。本句是含有时间状语从句的复合句,所以把Though改为When/As。
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8.(2020·安徽A10联盟开学试题,改编)I feel angry each time when my son comes home from school,saying his teacher wants to visit me.
答案删除when 
解析考查状语从句。every time、each time、the first time等名词词组可做连词,直接引导时间状语从句,when在此多余。
9.(2020·福建福州三中试题,改编)We will finish the work on time,however difficulties we meet.
答案however→whatever 
解析考查让步状语从句。however引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter how,后跟形容词或副词;whatever引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter what,后面跟名词。
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考点8时态、语态和主谓一致 
精讲·语法知识
一、动词的时态
1.一般现在时 2.一般过去时 3.一般将来时 
4.过去将来时 5.现在进行时 6.过去进行时 
7.将来进行时 8.现在完成时 9.过去完成时 10.现在完成进行时
二、动词的语态
1.被动语态的构成 2.被动语态的用法
三、主谓一致
1.语法一致 2.意义一致 3.就近一致
四、主谓一致的几个难点
1.并列主语的主谓一致 2.“主语+介词短语”的主谓一致 3.某些名词做主语时的主谓一致
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夯实·基础训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·浙江1月,改编)However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes
  be offered  (offer) in smaller packs.
解析 句意:然而,虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事,但如果有时能以小包装出售,那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”,与主语构成被动关系,根据前面的情态动词“could”可知,此处应填be offered。
2.(2024·河北石家庄模拟,改编)So far, approximately 3,000 museum staff members, 40,000 tourist guides, and 21 million visitors
  have participated  (participate) in the campaign.
解析 句意:迄今为止,约有3 000名博物馆工作人员、4万名导游和2 100万名游客参与了这项活动。根据时间状语“so far”可知,句子要用现在完成时,主语是复数形式,故填have participated。
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3.(2024·湖北武汉模拟,改编)This action of pouring hot water is called dian; hence the name dian cha   was listed  (list) as an intangible cultural heritage of Runzhou district, Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province, in 2019.
解析 句意:这个倒热水的动作叫“点”;2019年,点茶被列为江苏省镇江市润州区非物质文化遗产。根据时间状语“2019”可知,句子要用一般过去时,主语“the name dian cha”和动词list是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was listed。
4.(2024·广东茂名模拟,改编)Clearly marking the country’s historic sites was once his pursuit, and now with perseverance and commitments
   comes  (come) the great moment he looks forward to.
解析 句意:清晰地标记这个国家的历史遗迹曾经是他的追求,现在凭借毅力和承诺,他所期待的伟大时刻到来了。空处作谓语,根据时间状语now可知,应用一般现在时,主语“the great moment”为第三人称单数,故填comes。
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5.(2023·河北唐山模拟,改编)The colorful, vivid paintings reflected the daily lives of the local people and  were considered (consider) a typical home decoration at the time.
解析 句意:这些色彩斑斓、生动的绘画反映了当地人的日常生活,被认为是当时一种典型的家居装饰。分析句子可知,consider和上文“reflected”是并列的谓语动词,与主语“paintings”是被动关系,此处描述过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语“paintings”是复数,故填were considered。
6.(2023·山东泰安质检,改编)By the end of my trip, I could tell that I
 had made (make) progress in my Portuguese thanks to them.
解析 句意:多亏了他们,在我的旅行结束时,我可以说我在葡萄牙语方面取得了进步。 作者在葡萄牙语方面取得进步发生在could tell之前,即“过去的过去”,所以that引导的从句应用过去完成时。
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7.(2023·江西南昌模拟,改编)Parks here  are equipped (equip) with exercise machines that are very neatly maintained.
解析 句意:这里的公园配备了保养得很整洁的健身器材。此处陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语“Parks”和equip为被动关系,需用被动语态,且谓语动词要用复数形式,故填are equipped。
8.(2023·山东青岛二中质检,改编)For those consuming Asian food, using chopsticks   is  (be) almost second nature.
解析 句意:对于那些吃亚洲食物的人来说,使用筷子几乎是他们的第二天性。句子的主语是“using chopsticks”,描述的是客观事实,所以时态用一般现在时,故填is。
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9.(2023·天津,7,改编)The wooden tower that  is being restored (restore) will be open to tourists soon,and the work is almost finished.
解析 句意:正在修复的木塔很快将对游客开放,工程即将完工。此句“The wooden tower”是先行词,restore是定语从句的谓语动词,二者在逻辑上是被动关系,所以要用被动语态。根据后文“the work is almost finished”可知,修复工作正在进行,所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。
10.(2022·天津,2,改编)Food and medical supplies  were distributed (distribute) to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.
解析 句意:上周日飓风过后,食品和医疗用品被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知,“Food and medical supplies”作主语,为复数,与动词distribute“分发”之间为动宾关系,所以要用被动语态;根据last Sunday可知,句子需要用一般过去时态。
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11.(2022·天津,5,改编)Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving,
 prepares (prepare) teenagers to make better decisions.
解析 句意:批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。句子的主语为“Critical reasoning”,谓语动词应用单数形式,此处为客观陈述,应用一般现在时,故填prepares。
12.(2022·天津,7,改编)The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school  had cancelled (cancel) the party.
解析 句意:当孩子们发现学校取消了派对时,他们无法掩饰他们的失望。结合句意可知,学校取消派对发生在前,孩子无法掩饰失望发生在后,故从句的cancel(取消)发生在“过去的过去”,需要用过去完成时态。
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13.(2022·陕西高新一中试题,改编) Knowledge gained from studying earthquake waves  has been applied  (apply) in various fields recently.
解析句意:最近从研究地震波中获得的知识被应用在各个领域中。根据recently可知,句子要用现在完成时。由于knowledge和apply有动宾关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态。
14.(2022·甘肃天水试题,改编) In order to get good marks in the coming exam,my son  has been studying  (study) late every night in the past three weeks.
解析句意:为了在即将来临的考试中获得好成绩,在过去的3周内我儿子每晚都学习到深夜。根据时间状语“in the past three weeks”可知,此处应该用现在完成进行时。
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15.(2022·四川成都外国语学校试题,改编)The butterfly as well as other animals  migrates  (migration) to warmer places to spend winter every year.
解析句意:蝴蝶和其他动物一样,每年都迁徙到更温暖的地方过冬。根据时间状语every year可知,用一般现在时。as well as连接两个主语时,谓语动词与前一个主语保持一致,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
16.(2021·天津,4,改编)Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated,he
  had been offered  (offer) jobs by a dozen computer companies.
解析 句意:马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候,已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。根据By the time可知,主句的动作先于从句的动作发生,且主句主语he和谓语动词offer之间是被动关系,所以用过去完成时的被动语态。
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Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2024·陕西安康模拟,改编)I preferred my English classes to be taught only in English, because it is helpful for us to improve an ability to speak and listen.
答案 preferred→prefer 
解析 句意:我更喜欢我的英语课只用英语授课,因为这对我们提高听说能力有帮助。根据全句的时态可知,此处应用一般现在时,故将preferred改为prefer。
2.(2024·四川攀枝花二模,改编)When I enter senior high, I was deeply impressed by my English teacher’s excellent spoken English and patience.
答案enter→entered 
解析 句意:当我进入高中时,我英语老师出色的英语口语和耐心给我留下了深刻的印象。根据句中“was”可知,此处表示发生在过去的动作,所以用一般过去时,故enter改为entered。
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3.(2024·陕西渭南一模,改编)In general, Chinese college students live in college dormitories, for which an accommodation fee is charging.
答案 charging→charged 
解析 句意:一般来说,中国大学生都是住在大学宿舍,宿舍是要收住宿费的。charge意为“收(费)”和主语“accommodation fee”之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,故将charging改为charged。
4.(2023·江西九江质检)Doing outdoor activities are really helpful in building up my body and enriching my school life.
答案 are→is 
解析 句意:做户外活动确实有助于锻炼我的身体,丰富我的学校生活。“Doing outdoor activities”是句子的主语,所以连系动词用is。
5.(2023·山西太原一中模拟) If you don’t like the drink you order, just leave it and try a different one.
答案 order→ordered 
解析 句意:如果你不喜欢你点的饮料,就把它放那儿,试试另一种。点饮料是过去发生的动作,因此用一般过去时

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