资源简介

(共95张PPT)
UNIT 4
HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
[词汇串记·语段感知]
　　Every country has its own history and traditions,and there are history and traditions that belong to China as well.As Chinese,we are supposed to attach great importance to our traditions.We have many customs that our ancestors passed down to us,each with its own striking significance.We shouldn’t break away from the past;instead,we should be eager to learn about it and ensure that these traditions continue to thrive.By embracing the past,we honour the contributions of our ancestors and greet the future with a sense of pride and continuity.
每个国家都有自己的历史和传统,中国也有属于自己的历史和传统。作为中国人,我们应该高度重视我们的传统。我们的祖先给我们留下了许多习俗,每一个都有其显著的意义。我们不应该脱离过去;相反,我们应该渴望了解它,并确保这些传统能够继续发扬光大。通过拥抱过去,我们铭记祖先的贡献,并以自豪感和延续感迎接未来。
Listening and Speaking— Discovering Useful Structures
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
写作词汇
1. 　 孔子
2. n.哲学
3. n.王国;领域
4. adj.最重要的;最高级别的
n.(公司或机构的) 首领;酋长
Confucius
philosophy
kingdom
chief
5. adj.附近的;邻近的
adv.在附近
6. adj.军事的;军用的
7. n.战役;搏斗
vi.& vt.搏斗;奋斗
8. n.港口(城市)
9. n.收费;指控;主管
vt.收费;控告;充电
nearby
military
battle
port
charge
10. n.金额;数量
11. n.(艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊
12. n.(陆上,尤指乡村的)风景
13. n.黄油;奶油
vt.涂黄油于
14. n.蜂蜜
15. n.位置;姿态;职位
vt.安装;安置
16. n.祖宗;祖先
amount
gallery
landscape
butter
honey
position
ancestor
阅读词汇
1.mansion　　 n.
2.cemetery n.
3.descendant n.
4.heel n.
5.conquer vt.
公馆;宅第
墓地;公墓
后裔;后代;子孙
足跟;(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
占领;征服;控制
拓展词汇
1. adj.单独的;个别的 n.个人→individually adv.分别地;单独地;个别地→individuality n.个性;个人(或个体)特征
2. n.谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt.迷惑;使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→
puzzled adj.感到困惑的
3. vi.应在 (某处);适应;属于,为……的一员→belonging n.归属感→
belongings n.所有物;财产
4. n.通货;货币→current adj.当前的;现在的;流通的→currently adv.当前;目前
individual
puzzle
belong
currency
5. n.防御;保卫→defend vt.防守;保护;保卫;辩护;维护→defensive adj.防御的
6. adj.法律的;合法的→legally adv. 在法律上;合法地→illegal adj.不合法的;非法的
7. vt.围绕;包围→surrounding adj.周围的;附近的→surroundings n.环境;周围的事物
8. n.证据;证明→evident adj.明显的;清楚的
9. n.地方;地点;位置→locate vt.使……坐落于→located adj.位于;坐落于
defence
legal
surround
evidence
location
10. adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的→fascinate vt.使着迷→fascination n.魅力;极大的吸引力
11. vt.宣布;通知;声称→announcement n.宣布;宣告→announcer n.广播员;播音员
12. n.方法;途径;接近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近 →
approachable adj.平易近人的
13. vt.保证;确保;担保 →sure adj.确信的;有把握的
14. adj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的→generously adv.慷慨地;大方地→
generosity n.慷慨;大方
fascinating
announce
approach
ensure
generous
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.lead to　　　　　　　　
2.be similar to
3.be different from
4.as to
5.hold on
6.join...to...
导致;引起
和……相似
和……不同
关于
抓住;稍等;(电话用语)别挂断
把……和……连接或联结起来
7.add...to...
8.break away (from sb/sth)
9.result in
10.belong to
11.as well as
12.be surrounded by
13.take over
14.leave behind
15.date back to
16.keep your eyes open (for)
把……加到……
脱离;背叛;逃脱;挣脱
导致;造成
属于
同 (一样也);和;还
被……包围
接管;接任
留下
追溯到……
留心;留意
重点句型
1.So what is the difference between them, (if any省略句)
那么,如果这些名称有区别的话,区别何在
2.Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,
.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
最后,在20世纪时,爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国,从而有了我们今天所知的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
if any
which resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
3.They all around England,and made changes to the legal system.(“have sth done” 结构)
他们在英格兰四处修建城堡,并改革了法律制度。
4.The capital city London is a great place to start,
dating all the way back to Roman times.(as引导原因状语从句)
以首都伦敦为第一站,是一个不错的选择,因为伦敦是一个古老的港口城市,其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
had castles built
as it is an ancient port city
that has a history
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——通过历史了解一个国家(的概况)。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文从地理、历史、政治、文化、语言、旅游等多个角度介绍了英国的形成、发展以及它的风土人情。阅读本文,有利于学生深入了解英国的历史及其文化习俗。
多维解读·浅析结构
puzzle
broke away
from
belong to
history
traditions
dating
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.What is the function of Paragraph 1
A.To introduce the topic.
B.To show the confusion of many people.
C.To tell the name of the United Kingdom.
D.To describe the history of the United Kingdom.
(　　)2.How is Paragraph 2 organised
A.In time order. B.In spatial order.
C.In logical order. D.In the order of importance.
A
A
(　　)3.What’s mainly talked about in the text
A.The people of the United Kingdom.
B.The history of the United Kingdom.
C.The politics of the United Kingdom.
D.The geography of the United Kingdom.
(　　)4.What’s the author’s attitude towards studying the history of the United Kingdom
A.Objective. B.Indifferent.
C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.
B
C
二次开发·深研课文
　　The United Kingdom,Great Britain,Britain,England—many people are confused by 1.　　　　 these different names mean.In the 16th century,the nearby country of Wales 2.　　 　　 (join) to the Kingdom of England.Later,in the 18th century,the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century,the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland.Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland 3.　　　　 (break) away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.However,most people just use the 4.　　　　 (shorten) name:“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.The four countries 5.　　　　 belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.
what
was joined
broke
shortened
that/which
There were four different groups of people who took over the UK at different times throughout history,and the last group were the Normans. They had castles 6.　　　 　 (build) all around England,and made 7.　　 　　(change) to the legal system. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more 8.　 　　　(enjoy). The capital city London is 9.　　 ancient port city that has a history 10.　　 　　 (date) back to Roman times.
built
changes
enjoyable
an
dating
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.break away (from sb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱;挣脱
[教材原句] Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
最后,在20世纪时,爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国,从而有了我们今天所知的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
例 (应用文写作之建议信)My proposal is that you should break away from your bad habits.
我的建议是你应该改掉你的坏习惯。
归纳拓展
break out (战争、洪水、火灾等) 爆发
break into强行闯入;破门而入
break in打断;插话;强行进入;破门而入
break up打碎;分裂;解散;结束;(关系等) 破裂
break down垮掉;出故障;情不自禁地哭起来
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/用break的相关短语完成语段
No one knows for sure the reason why the band broke 　　　　.
You’ll break 　　　　 if you always stay up late.
Though sad,he was determined to break away 　　　　 the past and start a new chapter in his life.
He broke 　　 　 rudely,“What on earth do you mean ”,which astonished us.
up
down
from
in
Last night,a fire 　　　　　 　 in his house.Fortunately,the firefighters came to the rescue in no time.They 　　　　　　　the house and saved his grandparents.When seeing them out of danger,he 　　　　　　 and wept.
broke out
broke into
broke down
2.belong vi.应在 (某处);适应;属于,为……的一员
·belonging n.归属感
·belongings n.所有物;财产
[教材原句] The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.
同属于联合王国的这四个地区在某些领域紧密合作。
例 (话题写作之传统文化)Paper cutting has a history of over 1,500 years, which belongs to traditional Chinese art.
剪纸有1 500多年的历史,属于中国的传统艺术。
例 (读后续写之主旨升华)From this experience,I am aware that a bright future belongs to those who get prepared for it.
从这次经历中我意识到, 美好的未来属于那些为其做好准备的人。
归纳拓展
·belong to属于
·a sense of belonging归属感
·personal belongings 个人财物;私人物品
温馨提示
belong to意为“属于”,没有被动语态,也不用于进行时态。后面要接人称代词宾格或名词作宾语。作非谓语时用动词-ing形式(belonging to)。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
(应用文写作之演讲稿)Keep in mind that the world belongs 　　　 young people who love it and decide to make it better.
(应用文写作之感谢信)正是由于你细致的安排,我才有了归属感并且很快适应了新环境。
It was due to your careful arrangement that I 　　　　　　　　　　　 and adapted to the new surroundings quickly.
to
felt a sense of belonging
今天我坐在自己的公寓里,爱着那些与我们共享这方小天地的每一件物品。
→I sit in my apartment today,
　.(定语从句)
→I sit in my apartment today,
　. (动词-ing)
→I sit in my apartment today,
　　　　　　.(belongings)
loving each of the things that belong to our
small space
loving each of the things belonging to our
small space
loving each of the belongings that share our
small space
3.as well as同 (一样也);和;还
[教材原句] They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样,他们也使用同一面国旗。
例 (2025·北京卷)They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity.
它们教授情感意识和管理以及身份认同。
归纳拓展
·as well as 相当于in addition to,是一个连词结构,通常连接两个词性、结构对等的词或短语。当连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数和第一个主语保持一致。
·as well表示“也”,相当于too,常放在句子末尾,作为副词短语使用。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句型转换
As well as 　　 　　(have) difficulty adapting herself to the new school life,she found the cultural difference was another challenge for her.
Our head teacher as well as five student representatives
(invite) to deliver a speech at yesterday’s coming-of-age ceremony.
Not only Amy but also her brothers were given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 when returning to the village last week.(as well as)
having
was invited
Amy,as well as her brothers,was given a warm welcome
4.defence 〔US defense〕 n.防御;保卫
·defend vt.防守;保护;保卫;辩护;维护
·defensive adj.防御的
[教材原句] They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样,他们也使用同一面国旗。
例 (读后续写之动作描写)He stepped backwards and grabbed a stick to defend himself from being attacked.
他退后一步,抓起一根棍子保护自己不受攻击。
例 (读后续写之动作描写) Frank stood up at once and said what he had seen in defence of his best friend.
弗兰克立刻站起来,说出了他所看到的,为最好的朋友辩护。
归纳拓展
·in defence of 为了保卫;为……辩护
in sb’s defence 为某人辩护
·defend...from/against...保护……不受……;保卫……防御……
defend oneself 自卫;自行辩护
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves
the sudden attacks.
(读后续写之动作描写) She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in 　 　　　 (defend).
Mr Green stood up 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(为那个男孩辩护),saying that he was not the one to blame.
First of all,children need to know how 　　　　　　　 　　　　(自我保护) and how to establish relationships in a group.
from/against
defence
in the boy’s defence/in defence of the boy
to defend themselves
5.surround vt.围绕;包围
·surrounding adj.周围的;附近的
·surroundings n.环境;周围的事物
[教材原句] Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方,这些民族的遗迹几乎都随处可见。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it.
如果你正属于享受植物环绕所带来的身心益处的那类人,那么即便有一株(甚至几株!)未能成活,也不必自责。
例 Surrounded by familiar colleagues,he felt a strong sense of belonging.
周围都是熟悉的同事,他有一种强烈的归属感。
归纳拓展
surround...with...用……包围……
be surrounded with/by...被……包围/环绕
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句式升级
(应用文写作之建议信)If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle,it’s extremely important to surround yourself 　　　　 people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support.
(读后续写之环境描写)The 　　　 　(surround) villages are bathed in fascinating moonlight,which almost takes our breath away.
(应用文写作之告知信)As an exchange student,it took me a long time to adjust myself to the new 　　 　　 (surrounding).
with
surrounding
surroundings
A small village is surrounded by green trees and it is located at the foot of the hill near our school.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　 　,a small village is located at the foot of the hill near our school.(用非谓语动词升级)
Surrounded by green trees
语境串词
Recently,she moved to a new house.Surrounded by mountains,her house is very beautiful.She is very satisfied with the surrounding scenery and will soon adapt herself to the new surroundings.
最近,她搬了新家。她的家被群山环绕着,非常美丽。她对周围的风景很满意,并且很快就会适应新环境。
6.charge n.收费;指控;主管 vt.收费;控告;充电
[教材原句] Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged.
朱蒂和我把车停在了特拉法尔加广场附近的一个地下停车场,我们可以在那儿给汽车充电。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy,according to Tu Ningning,who is in charge of the exhibition.
据该展览的策展人屠宁宁介绍,这些黑白棋子的走法体现了东方哲学的基本思想。
归纳拓展
·in charge of 主管;负责;掌管
in the charge of=in one’s charge
由……负责/掌管
take charge of 负责;掌管;接管
free of charge (=for free)免费
·get charged 充电
charge (sb) for (doing) sth因 (做) 某事而 (向某人) 收费
charge sb with (doing) sth控告某人犯某罪;指责某人(做)某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He forgot to get his electric bicycle 　　　 　 (charge) last night.
(读后续写之心理描写)What moved him most was that a complete stranger charged him 　　　　 nothing when he ran out of money on the way.
We have enough evidence to charge you 　　　　 telling a lie.
我将负责一个主题班会,旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。
I 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 designed to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreigners.
charged
for
with
will be in charge of/take charge of a theme class meeting
(应用文写作之演讲稿)上周我们就市民是否可以免费进入科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。
Last week we had a heated debate about whether citizens can
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
access the
Science Museum free of charge/for free
7.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称
·announcement n.宣布;宣告
·announcer n.广播员;播音员
[教材原句] When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
当我们最终到达服务台要求语音导览时,我们听到它宣布没有语音导览了。
例 (读后续写之动作描写)When our teacher announced the good news to us, we all burst into cheers.
当老师向我们宣布这个好消息时,我们都欢呼起来。
例 (2024·浙江1月卷)In her first PE class,Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside.
在伊娃的第一堂体育课上,当皮特教练宣布每个人都必须绕着室外跑道跑一英里时,她大吃一惊。
归纳拓展
·announce sth to sb 向某人宣告某事
It is announced that... 据宣布……
·make an announcement 宣布
温馨提示
announce后不接双宾语,常用于 announce sth to sb结构。用法类似的动词还有suggest、explain等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Upon/On hearing the 　　 　　 (announce),a group of freshmen waved goodbye to their parents with great excitement.
It 　　 　　 (announce) that our school will extend the library opening hours to 9 p.m. on weekdays to meet students’ needs for after-class study.
老师向学生们宣布下周将举行英语竞赛。
　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 there would be an English contest next week.
announcement
is announced/has been announced
The teacher announced/made an announcement to the students that
8.approach n.方法;途径;接近vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近
·approachable adj.平易近人的
[教材原句] It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.
有很多人围在画的周围,所以很难靠近那幅画。
例 (2025·浙江1月卷)A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide.
一种新颖的园艺设计方法在全球范围内日益流行。
例 (读后续写之场景描写)With the winter holiday approaching,the students are more than a little excited,chatting with each other about what to do first happily.
随着寒假的临近,同学们都非常兴奋,兴高采烈地聊着要先做什么。
归纳拓展
·an approach to (doing) sth (做)某事的方法/方式
at the approach of...快到……的时候
·with+宾语+approaching=as+宾语+approaches/approached随
着……的临近
温馨提示
approach to中的to是介词,后面接名词、代词或者动词-ing形式。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之人物介绍)The teacher I admire most is Mr Li,an
　　 　　(approach) maths teacher,who has a unique approach to 　　　　 (make) his class lively and interesting.
　　　　 the approach of the Spring Festival,we could hardly contain our inner excitement.
随着高考的临近,我们都在忙着为它做充分的准备。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we are busy making full preparations for it.
approachable
making
At
With the College Entrance Examination approaching/As the College Entrance Examination approaches
重点句式
if any省略句
[教材原句] So what is the difference between them,if any
那么,如果这些名称有区别的话,区别何在
例 (应用文写作之求助信)There may be some mistakes in my composition.If any,please help me point them out.
我的作文可能有些错误。如果有的话,请帮我指出来。
例 Tom,please lend me a book on the history of China,if any.
汤姆,如果你有关于中国历史的书,请借给我一本。
[归纳拓展]
[语境运用] 完成句子
Problems,　　　　　　(如果有的话),should be solved without delay.
No matter how much stress you have,stop to have a rest for a while
　　　　　　　(如果可能的话).
My grandfather rarely talks about his childhood,　　　　 　　　　 (即便偶尔说起),it’s only about the happy days he spent with his little sister.
if any
if possible
and if ever he does
have sth done结构
[教材原句] They had castles built all around England,and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰四处修建城堡,并改革了法律制度。
例 (读后续写之情感描写)He had his grandpa’s favourite vase broken,which made him frightened and upset.
他把爷爷最喜欢的花瓶打碎了,这使得他又害怕又难过。
[归纳拓展]
[语境运用] 完成句子
为了提高我们的写作能力,我们的英语老师让我们每天翻译3个句子。
In order to improve our writing ability,
　　　　　　 　　　　.
(2024·浙江1月卷)你好,我想把这件女式衬衫送去清洗并熨烫一下。
Hi,I’d like to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
教练让运动员们为即将到来的比赛努力训练。
　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 for the upcoming competition.
our English teacher has us translate
three sentences every day
have this blouse washed and pressed
The coach had the athletes training hard
(应用文写作之道歉信)明天我有重要的事情要处理,所以很抱歉我不能陪你了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　,so I’m terribly sorry that I can’t keep you company.
I have something important to attend to tomorrow
长难句分析
[教材原句] Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
尝试分析:本句为主从复合句。主句为“you will be surrounded by...”; 为让步状语从句; 为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词groups of people。
自主翻译:英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方,这些民族的遗迹几乎都随处可见。
[语境运用] 情境写作
在中国,无论你走到哪里,你都会发现自己被热心的人围绕着,他们都非常
友好。
,you can find yourself surrounded by warm-hearted people .
Everywhere you go in China
who/that are very friendly
语法微专题4
过去分词作定语和
宾语补足语
语法原句再现
Most people just use the shortened name:“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.
They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.
They had castles built all around England,and made changes to the legal system.
观察上面的句子,注意其中的过去分词,思考它们在句中的作用,并判断哪些过去分词作宾语补足语,哪些过去分词作定语。
语法知识点拨
一、过去分词作定语
1.过去分词作定语时,相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。此时的过去分词(短语)可以变成定语从句。
The bridge built ten years ago needs repairing.(名词the bridge和build构成被动关系)
=The bridge which was built ten years ago needs repairing.(变为定语从句)
这座10年前建的桥需要修了。
温馨提示
①把过去分词(短语)变为定语从句:先选定一个连接词,先行词是人用who/that,先行词是事物用that/which;再判断从句的时态;最后用该时态的被动形式。
The guide introduced some historic buildings and cultural traditions preserved well here to us.(将画线部分变为定语从句)
分析:因为先行词是some historic buildings and cultural traditions,是物,连接词应用that/which;再判断从句的时态,是一般现在时,强调事实;最后用一般现在时的被动形式are done。
温馨提示
The guide introduced some historic buildings and cultural traditions that/ which are preserved well here to us.
导游向我们介绍了这里保存完好的一些历史建筑和文化传统。
②一般来说,及物动词的过去分词作定语,表示一个被动的、已完成的动作;不及物动词的过去分词作定语不含有被动意义,只表示该动作已完成。
the fallen leaves 落叶 (fallen只表示动作已完成)
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
There are many beautifully 　 　　　(decorate) houses in this area.
The 　　　　 (rise) sun is shining brightly in the morning.
This is the problem 　　 　　 (discuss) at the meeting yesterday.
decorated
risen
discussed
2.单个的过去分词作定语时,常常置于其所修饰的名词前;而过去分词短语作定语时,常常置于其所修饰的名词后,可改成定语从句。
Many used cars are on sale now,and you can go to find a good one. (used是单个过去分词作定语,修饰cars,放在前面)
现在很多二手车正在甩卖,你可以去找一辆好的。
I like the book bought on the Internet very much.(bought on the Internet是过去分词短语作定语,放在其所修饰的名词book的后面)
我非常喜欢从网上买的那本书。
温馨提示
有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后,如left (剩余的)、given (所给的)、concerned (有关的)等。
With only five minutes left,we had no choice but to hurry up.
只剩下5分钟了,我们别无选择,只能抓紧时间。
3.过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别。
分词种类 语态方面 时态方面
doing(现在分词) 动作是主动的 动作正在进行
done(过去分词) 动作是被动的 动作已经完成
The young man sitting between John and Mary is their Chinese teacher. (sitting表示主动和进行)
那个坐在约翰和玛丽之间的年轻人是他们的中文老师。
Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally.(designed表示被动和完成)
大多数大学现在为一年级学生提供专门设计的课程,以帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。
4.过去分词、现在分词的被动语态与动词不定式的被动语态作定语的区别。
词语 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 将要发生
The building built last year is our teaching building.
去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our teaching building.
现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our teaching building.
下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
The man 　　 　　(praise) at present at the meeting is our head teacher.
I am glad to hear that you are interested in the activity 　 　　　(hold) in our school next month.
The flowers 　　　　 (plant) last year are very beautiful.
being praised
to be held
planted
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时,表示被动意义或完成意义,有时两者兼而有之。与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。
1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词或短语动词,如feel、hear、listen to、see、watch、observe、look at、notice、find等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。
(读后续写之环境描写)We could hear the windows knocked by the raindrops.
我们可以听到雨点敲打窗户的声音。
If you watch long enough,you will see many problems settled in this way.
如果你观察的时间足够长,你会看到很多问题都是这样解决的。
2.表示“致使”意义的动词,如have、make、get、keep、leave等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。
Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.
珍妮希望史密斯先生能提出一个在短时间内提高她英语写作水平的好方法。
He made every effort to get his works recognised.
他尽一切努力使得自己的作品得到了认可。
3.with复合结构中可以使用过去分词作宾语补足语。此时过去分词与句子的主语没有逻辑关系,此结构在句中通常作时间、方式、条件、原因和伴随状语。
With all the work done,I feel very relaxed now. (do和宾语work构成被动
关系)
所有的工作都做完了,我现在感到很放松。
真题赏析
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)One long-term option for sustainable fuel for planes is to make hydrocarbons from 　　 　　 (recycle) air.
recycled
解析:考查过去分词作定语。air与recycle之间为被动关系,要用过去分词作定语。故填recycled。
2.(2025·北京卷)I sometimes call him back,worried that he might have someone 　　　　(scare).
scared
解析:考查过去分词作宾语补足语。分析句子可知,此处是“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语someone与scare之间为被动关系,要用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。
3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” 　　　　(make) of glass and aluminium (铝).
made
解析:考查过去分词作定语。sepals与make之间为被动关系,要用过去分词作定语。故填made。
4.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey 　　　 　(influence) by the ancient Silk Road...
influenced
解析:考查过去分词作定语。a journey与influence之间为被动关系,要用过去分词作定语。故填influenced。
5.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later,a six-metre-tall pavilion,　　　　(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion,was built at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
inspired
解析:考查过去分词作定语。a six-metre-tall pavilion与inspire之间为被动关系,要用过去分词作定语。故填inspired。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.Listening to music at home is one thing,and going to hear it 　　　　(perform) live is quite another.
2.This film,　　　　(intend) for kids under 13,is shown at the local cinema.
3.When repairing the door,she got her fingers 　　　　 (catch) in the door.
4.With all his energy 　　 　　 (concentrate) on his painting,he didn’t notice it was raining heavily outside.
5.She found the window 　　　　 (break) when she came back home.
performed
intended
caught
concentrated
broken
Ⅱ.语篇填空
A boy 1.　　 　　 (call) John went to the cinema one night.It was a horror film,but he found himself2.　　　 　 (interest) in it.Sometimes he felt excited,while sometimes he felt 3.　　 　　 (frighten).After the film,the 4.　　　　 (tire) boy was heading for home.In the parking lot,the 5.　　 　　 (exhaust) boy sensed something unusual.His bike 6.　　　　 (tie) to the tree was missing.It seemed that he had his bike 7.　　　　 (steal).He searched the whole parking lot for it but in vain.At last,he turned to the police for help.It turned out that someone took it and left it 8.　　　 　 (abandon) by the river.Seeing the bike 9.　　 　　 (return) by the police,John was more than a little excited with a 10.　　 　　 (delight) smile on his face.
called
interested
frightened
tired
exhausted
tied
stolen
abandoned
returned
delightedListening and Talking—Video Time
写作词汇
1.snack　　　　 n.点心;小吃
2.county n.(英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县
3.roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚;(使)滚动
n.卷(轴);翻滚
4.cattle n.牛
5.ocean n.大海;海洋
6.pub n.酒吧;酒馆
7.wine n.葡萄酒;果酒
8.beer n.(一杯)啤酒
9.custom n.风俗;习俗;习惯
阅读词汇
1.courtyard n.庭院;院子
2.feast n.盛宴;宴会;节日
3.dot n.点;小(圆)点
vt.加点;遍布
4.roar vi.& n.吼叫;咆哮
5.scent n.气味;气息
6.stew n.炖菜(有肉和蔬菜)
vt.& vi.炖;煨
7.transition n.过渡;转变;变迁
拓展词汇
1.eager adj.热切的;渴望的→eagerly adv.热切地;渴望地→eagerness n.热切;渴望
2.poet n.诗人→poem n.诗;韵文→poetry n.诗 (总称)
3.greet vt.问候;迎接→greeting n.问候;招呼;迎接;问候语(复数)
4.sensory adj.感觉的;感官的→sense n.感觉 vt.感觉到→sensitive adj.敏感的→sensible adj.明智的
5.striking adj.引人注目的;显著的→strike vt.给……印象;把……迷住;打动
6.achievement n.成就;成绩;达到→achieve vt.取得;达到
7.crowd n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的;挤满的;充满的
重点词块
1.come back from　　　 从……回来
2.have a great influence on
对……有很大影响
3.be dotted with 被……点缀着
4.make up 组成;构成;补上;编造;化妆;和解;和好
5.breathe in 吸入
6.introduce oneself to 向……介绍自己
重点句型
1.Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses.(现在分词作结果状语)
美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感,满足(人们的)各种感官享受。
2.The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(with复合结构)
“绿宝石 (爱尔兰) 岛”风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
3.With all this beauty,it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music,dancing,and dining.(It+be+adj.+that从句)
这般美景造就了爱尔兰的音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等独特的民间传统也就不足为奇了。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——美丽的爱尔兰及其传统。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文从一个旅行者的角度描绘了爱尔兰乡村的美丽景色和风土人情。阅读本文,有利于学生了解不同的文化,增强其跨文化交流的意识。
多维解读·浅析结构
答案:1.writers　2.Peaceful　3.waves　4.mountains　5.traditions
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.What makes Ireland exciting and inspiring
A.Its long history. B.Its writers and poets.
C.Its sheep and cattle. D.Its beautiful countryside.
(　　)2.What is the text mainly about
A.Ireland’s beautiful people. B.Irish traditions and culture.
C.Great Irish writers and poets. D.Ireland’s folk music and dancing.
答案:1.D　2.B
1.eager adj.热切的;渴望的
　·eagerly adv.热切地;渴望地
·eagerness n.热切;渴望
例 (应用文写作之日记)Some of us were eager to take part in the class activities,others were nervous and anxious.
我们中的一些人渴望参加班级活动,另一些人则为此感到紧张和焦虑。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)We were eager that the holiday would come earlier.
我们渴望假期早点到来。
·be eager to do sth渴望做某事 be eager for sth渴望得到某物 be eager that... 热切希望…… ·with eagerness 热切地;急切地
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
Bob was eager 　　　　 a chance to learn traditional Chinese painting,so he was eager 　　　　(join) the exchange programme.
(读后续写之动作描写)The little girl jumped to her feet and 　　　　 (eager) ate the strawberries cupped in her brother’s hands.
(读后续写之动作描写)I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my 　　　　 (eager) to get to know my new school.
答案: for;to join　 eagerly　 eagerness
2.make up组成;构成;补上;编造;化妆;和解;和好
[教材原句] And down by the sea,the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.
海边波浪咆哮,海鸟鸣叫,奏响了海岸交响乐。
例 Six teachers and thirty-nine students make up this class;that is to say,this class is made up of six teachers and thirty-nine students.
6位老师和39名学生组成了这个班级;也就是说,这个班级由6位老师和39名学生组成。
make up for弥补 make up one’s mind下定决心 be made up of由……构成 make out辨认;理解 make it 获得成功;准时到达
[语境运用] 一词多义
We need to make up the time we wasted yesterday by working harder today.　　　　　　　
The actress needs to make up for an hour to look like the character in the historical drama.　　　　　　　
Everyone in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and making up jokes.　　　　　　　
Thirty-eight doctors and nurses make up the medical team.　　　　　　　
They quarrelled last night,but they made up again this morning.　　　　　　　
答案: 补上　 化妆　 编造　 组成;构成
和解;和好
I tried to get to Lisa’s concert on time.The bus broke down,but I ran and finally made it.The hall was made up of five sections.I couldn’t make out Lisa at first in the crowd.Then I made up my mind to push through,and found her.I gave her a big hug—she smiled warmly.
我努力想准时赶到莉萨的音乐会。公共汽车抛锚了,但我一路奔跑,最终准时赶到了现场。场馆由5个区域组成。一开始在人群中我认不出莉萨,然后我下定决心往前挤,终于找到了她。我给了她一个大大的拥抱——她露出了温暖的笑容。
3.more than非常;不仅仅是;多于
[教材原句] And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face,you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.
向友善的当地人做个自我介绍,你定能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。
例 The beauty of the West Lake is more than I can imagine.
西湖之美是我难以想象的。
例 For many people,fishing is more than a sport;it is an art.
对很多人来说,钓鱼不只是一项运动,还是一门艺术。
·more than+数词　多于,超过(相当于over) more than+one　不止一个 more than+名词　不仅仅是 more than+形容词　很,非常 more than+sb can/could... ……超出某人所能;某人难以…… ·more A than B　与其说是B倒不如说是A(肯定A,否定B)
[语境运用] 一词多义/翻译句子
Sorry,I can’t help you.The job is more than I can do.　　　　　　　
(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)More than once,I found myself wondering just how my students,who’d created these people,knew their subjects so well.　　　　　　　
(2024·浙江1月卷)There was nothing she feared more than having to run a whole mile.　　　　　　　
(应用文写作之邀请信)知道你对中国传统节日感兴趣,我非常高兴。
它不仅仅是一本杂志,还是我们的良师益友。
答案: 超出　 超过;不止　 多于　 Knowing that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals,I am more than a little happy.　 It is more than a magazine and it is also our good teacher and friend.
4.crowd n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤
·crowded adj.拥挤的;挤满的;充满的
[教材原句] Dave could not find a seat in the room.It was very crowded.
戴夫在房间里找不到座位。那里非常拥挤。
例 The crowd crowded into the stadium which was crowded with audience.
人群涌入挤满了观众的体育场。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)A wave of happiness crowded into his mind when he saw what his grandpa left him.
当他看到爷爷留给他的东西时,一阵幸福感涌上心头。
·crowd into 挤进;涌入 crowd into one’s mind 涌入某人的脑海 ·follow the crowd 随大流 a crowd of/crowds of... 一群/成群…… in the crowd 在人群中 ·be crowded with 挤满……;充满着……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
In 　　　　(crowd) places like airports and railway stations,you must take care of your personal belongings.
I felt a bit nervous at first,but then I saw my friends　　　　 the crowd and felt more at ease.
国庆节期间,黄山上挤满了来自国内外的游客。
Mount Huangshan 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 from home and abroad during the National Day holiday.
当我看到这些照片时,童年的记忆涌入我的脑海。
The memories of my childhood 　　　　　　　　　　　　 when I saw the photos.
答案: crowded　 in　 was crowded with tourists　 crowded into my mind
It+be+adj.+that从句
[教材原句] With all this beauty,it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music,dancing,and dining.
这般美景造就了爱尔兰的音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等独特的民间传统也就不足为奇了。
例 (2025·浙江1月卷)The couple had both gone to work,so it was strange that someone was over there.
这对夫妇都已经去上班了,所以当时有个人在那里显得很奇怪。
例 (应用文写作之演讲稿)As far as I am concerned,it is the most important that we should keep up a good state of mind.
在我看来,最重要的是我们应该保持良好的心态。
[归纳拓展]
[语境运用] 翻译句子
学生为自己的未来发展设定清晰的目标是至关重要的。
参加志愿者活动的学生能培养出更强的社会责任感,这不足为奇。
学生们好像对即将到来的学校旅行非常兴奋。
答案: It is essential that students set clear goals for their future development.　 It is no wonder that students who take part in volunteer activities can develop a greater sense of social responsibility.　 It seems that the students are very excited about the upcoming school trip.
写作微专题4　Describe a place that you like
1.文体类型:事物说明文;属于说明文范畴。常用于生动细致地描述一个地方的景物等,突出该地方的特色。
2.要点内容:
(1)爱尔兰的乡村美景;
(2)爱尔兰的风土人情。
[思路指引]
1.介绍“地点”的句式。
Located in ...,...is a ...city ...with a history of ...
It is located/is situated/lies in...,with an area of...
...is a place you have to visit and the extraordinary views will make you unwilling to leave.
...is within easy reach.
...is well worth visiting.
2.介绍“人口”的句式。
It covers an area of ...square kilometres with a population of ...
The population of...is...
...is a city with a population of...
3.介绍“气候/特征”的句式。
With its pleasant climate,rich natural resources and beautiful scenery,...is one of the major tourist cities.
The climate differs greatly from one area to another.
...be very/quite/extremely cold/hot/warm/dry/humid/sunny/rainy/mild...all year round.
The average temperature of...is about 22℃.
The rainy season is between May and July.
4.介绍“历史”的句式。
...has a (long) history of...
...dates/goes back to...
5.介绍“特产/特色、名胜景观”的句式。
It has become one of the most popular tourist attractions since ...
There are many places of interest,such as...
You can enjoy...,which has a high reputation both at home and abroad.
...is one of the most famous tourist attractions.
...is rich in...,like/such as...
...is famous/well-known for...,so it attracts sb to visit.
假设你是李华,请你用英语给某英文报社的“城市风采”栏目写一篇短文,介绍我们伟大祖国的首都——北京。内容包括:
1.基本概况:面积16 000多平方千米,位于华北平原北部;
2.气候:四季分明;
3.文化:是我国的政治中心、文化中心,有很多著名的大学,如清华大学和北京大学;
4.交通与旅游:交通便利,有天安门广场、故宫博物院、长城等很多旅游景点。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　　　 adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的
2.　　　　　　　 位于
3.　　　　　　　 同 (一样也);和;还
4.　　　　　　　 例如
5.　　　　　　　 吸引……的注意
6.　　　　　　　 在……中扮演重要角色/起重要作用
答案:1.fascinating　2.(be) located in　3.as well as
4.such as　5.draw the attention of　6.play an important role in
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.北京,中国的首都,面积16 000多平方千米。
Beijing,the capital of China,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 more than 16,000 square kilometres.
2.北京位于华北平原北部,四季分明。
　　　　　　　　 the north of the North China Plain,Beijing has four distinct seasons.
3.北京是中国的政治、文化中心。
Beijing is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 of China.
4.北京成功举办了2008年夏季奥林匹克运动会和2022年冬季奥林匹克运动会,吸引了世界的目光。
Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the world.
5.北京有很多著名的大学,如清华大学和北京大学。
Beijing has many famous universities,　　　　　　　　 Tsinghua University and Peking University.
6.北京也是一个极有吸引力的度假胜地,而且交通便利。
Beijing is also 　　　　　　　　　　　　 to enjoy your holiday and it has convenient transportation.
7.北京有很多旅游胜地,如天安门广场、故宫博物院、长城还有鸟巢等。
There are many 　　　　　　　　　　　 in Beijing,such as Tian’anmen Square,the Palace Museum,the Great Wall 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the Bird’s Nest.
8.现在,北京在世界上扮演着越来越重要的角色。
Now,Beijing is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the world.
答案:1.covers an area of　2.Located in　3.the political and cultural centre　4.which drew the attention of　5.such as　6.a fascinating place　7.places of interest;as well as
8.playing a more and more important role
1.将第3句和第4句用现在分词短语作状语进行改写升级。
2.将第5句用there be句型和“介词+which”引导非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
答案:1.Being the political and cultural centre of China,Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics,which drew the attention of the world.
2.There are many famous universities in Beijing,among which are Tsinghua University and Peking University.
Beijing,the capital of China,covers an area of more than 16,000 square kilometres.Located in the north of the North China Plain,Beijing has four distinct seasons.
Being the political and cultural centre of China,Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics,which drew the attention of the world.There are many famous universities in Beijing,among which are Tsinghua University and Peking University.
Beijing is also a fascinating place to enjoy your holiday and it has convenient transportation.There are many places of interest in Beijing,such as Tian’anmen Square,the Palace Museum,the Great Wall as well as the Bird’s Nest.Now,Beijing is playing a more and more important role in the world.
　　假设你是李华,请你根据以下提示,用英语写一篇文章向报社投稿,介绍一下杭州。内容包括:
1.地理位置:位于中国的东南部;
2.风景名胜:西湖;
3.休闲活动:划船、漫步、在草坪上野餐;
4.变化:高楼大厦增多。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
One possible version:
I’m more than delighted to introduce a beautiful city—Hangzhou to you,which lies in the southeast of China.
It is most famous for the beautiful West Lake,which has a long history with a love story.During holidays or at weekends,people like going boating on the lake,walking in the woods or sitting on the lawn to have a picnic.Great changes have taken place in Hangzhou during the past few years,with plenty of tall buildings going up.The landscape is so striking that lots of tourists from home and abroad come to visit it every year.
All in all,Hangzhou is a place well worth visiting and its extraordinary views will make you unwilling to leave.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之“点” 情感描写 相关词语 enjoyable adj.令人愉快的　interesting adj.有趣的　fascinating adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的　surprised adj.吃惊的　be confused by被……迷惑
动作描写 相关词语 solve vt. 解决　explore vt.& vi. 探索　conquer vt.占领;征服;控制　be joined to与……相连　break away (from sb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱;挣脱　 work together 通力合作　be surrounded by被……包围
环境描写 相关词语 have a long history of 有……的悠久历史　beautiful countryside美丽的乡村 the peaceful landscape 宁静的风景　with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle 青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中
读后续写 微技能之“线” ...many people are confused by what these different names mean.(心理描写) If you keep your eyes open,you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.(动作描写) Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all,offering something for each of the senses.(拟人) The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes...(暗喻) And down by the sea,the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.(环境描写) On a quiet morning in the mountains,feel the sun on your skin,and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.(环境描写+动作描写+拟人)
读后续写 微技能之“面” 读后续写——探索大自然 当我踏入这片美丽的乡村,我瞬间被宁静的风景包围,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中。大自然的广阔让我感到有些迷茫,就像一个迷失在迷人梦境中的孩子。但阳光的温暖和轻柔的微风仿佛携手引导着我,使我感到心安。我决定深入探索,征服内心的恐惧,摆脱犹豫的束缚。每一步都像是在解开一个谜题的碎片,让我更接近自然的核心。 As I set foot in the beautiful countryside,1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the peaceful landscape,2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.I felt a little confused by the vastness of nature,3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　.But the warmth of the sun and the gentle breeze seemed to work together to guide me,which 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.I decided to explore deeper,to conquer my inward fears and to 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　 the chains of hesitation.Each step felt like solving a piece of a puzzle,6.　　　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 答案:1.I was instantly surrounded by 2.with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle 3.like a child lost in a fascinating dream 4.made me feel at ease 5.break away from 6.joining me closer to the heart of nature
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.puzzle n.谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt.迷惑;使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled adj.感到困
惑的
2.belong vi.应在 (某处);适应;属于,为……的一员→belonging n.归属感→belongings n.所有物;财产
3.surround vt.围绕;包围→surrounding adj.周围的;附近的→surroundings n.环境;周围的事物
4.location n.地方;地点;位置→locate vt.使……坐落于→located adj.位于;坐落于
5.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的→fascinate vt.使着迷→fascination n.魅力;极大的吸引力
6.generous adj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的→generously adv.慷慨地;大方地→generosity n.慷慨;大方
7.eager adj.热切的;渴望的→eagerly adv.热切地;渴望地→eagerness n.热切;渴望
8.achievement n.成就;成绩;达到→achieve vt.取得;达到
9.crowd n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的;挤满的;充满的
Ⅱ.重点词块
1.lead to　　　　　　　　　 导致;引起
2.be similar to 和……相似
3.as to 关于
4.add...to... 把……加到……
5.result in 导致;造成
6.belong to 属于
7.as well as 同 (一样也);和;还
8.be surrounded by 被……包围
9.leave behind 留下
10.date back to 追溯到……
11.keep your eyes open (for) 留心;留意
12.have a great influence on 对……有很大影响
13.be dotted with 被……点缀着
14.make up 组成;构成;补上;编造;化妆;和解;和好
15.breathe in 吸入
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.if any省略句
So what is the difference between them,if any(如果有的话)
句式仿写
If possible(如果可能的话),you should try it once more.
2.have sth done结构
They had castles built (修建城堡) all around England,and made changes to the legal system.
句式仿写
They will have their house redecorated(把他们的房子重新装修) to welcome the coming New Year.
3.with复合结构
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle(青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中).
句式仿写
The boy rushed into the room,with his face covered with sweat(满脸是汗).[词汇串记·语段感知]
　　Every country has its own history and traditions,and there are history and traditions that belong to China as well.As Chinese,we are supposed to attach great importance to our traditions.We have many customs that our ancestors passed down to us,each with its own striking significance.We shouldn’t break away from the past;instead,we should be eager to learn about it and ensure that these traditions continue to thrive.By embracing the past,we honour the contributions of our ancestors and greet the future with a sense of pride and continuity.
每个国家都有自己的历史和传统,中国也有属于自己的历史和传统。作为中国人,我们应该高度重视我们的传统。我们的祖先给我们留下了许多习俗,每一个都有其显著的意义。我们不应该脱离过去;相反,我们应该渴望了解它,并确保这些传统能够继续发扬光大。通过拥抱过去,我们铭记祖先的贡献,并以自豪感和延续感迎接未来。
Listening and Speaking—Discovering Useful Structures
写作词汇
1.Confucius　　 孔子
2.philosophy n.哲学
3.kingdom n.王国;领域
4.chief adj.最重要的;最高级别的
n.(公司或机构的) 首领;酋长
5.nearby adj.附近的;邻近的
adv.在附近
6.military adj.军事的;军用的
7.battle n.战役;搏斗
vi.& vt.搏斗;奋斗
8.port n.港口(城市)
9.charge n.收费;指控;主管
vt.收费;控告;充电
10.amount n.金额;数量
11.gallery n.(艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊
12.landscape n.(陆上,尤指乡村的)风景
13.butter n.黄油;奶油
vt.涂黄油于
14.honey n.蜂蜜
15.position n.位置;姿态;职位
vt.安装;安置
16.ancestor n.祖宗;祖先
阅读词汇
1.mansion　　 n.公馆;宅第
2.cemetery n.墓地;公墓
3.descendant n.后裔;后代;子孙
4.heel n.足跟;(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
5.conquer vt.占领;征服;控制
拓展词汇
1.individual adj.单独的;个别的 n.个人→individually adv.分别地;单独地;个别地→individuality n.个性;个人(或个体)特征
2.puzzle n.谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt.迷惑;使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled adj.感到困惑的
3.belong vi.应在 (某处);适应;属于,为……的一员→belonging n.归属感→belongings n.所有物;财产
4.currency n.通货;货币→current adj.当前的;现在的;流通的→currently adv.当前;目前
5.defence n.防御;保卫→defend vt.防守;保护;保卫;辩护;维护→defensive adj.防御的
6.legal adj.法律的;合法的→legally adv. 在法律上;合法地→illegal adj.不合法的;非法的
7.surround vt.围绕;包围→surrounding adj.周围的;附近的→surroundings n.环境;周围的事物
8.evidence n.证据;证明→evident adj.明显的;清楚的
9.location n.地方;地点;位置→locate vt.使……坐落于→located adj.位于;坐落于
10.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的→fascinate vt.使着迷→fascination n.魅力;极大的吸引力
11.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称→announcement n.宣布;宣告→announcer n.广播员;播音员
12.approach n.方法;途径;接近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近 →approachable adj.平易近人的
13.ensure vt.保证;确保;担保 →sure adj.确信的;有把握的
14.generous adj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的→generously adv.慷慨地;大方地→generosity n.慷慨;大方
重点词块
1.lead to　　　　　　　　 导致;引起
2.be similar to 和……相似
3.be different from 和……不同
4.as to 关于
5.hold on 抓住;稍等;(电话用语)别挂断
6.join...to... 把……和……连接或联结起来
7.add...to... 把……加到……
8.break away (from sb/sth)
脱离;背叛;逃脱;挣脱
9.result in 导致;造成
10.belong to 属于
11.as well as 同 (一样也);和;还
12.be surrounded by 被……包围
13.take over 接管;接任
14.leave behind 留下
15.date back to 追溯到……
16.keep your eyes open (for)
留心;留意
重点句型
1.So what is the difference between them,if any (if any省略句)
那么,如果这些名称有区别的话,区别何在
2.Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
最后,在20世纪时,爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国,从而有了我们今天所知的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.They had castles built all around England,and made changes to the legal system.(“have sth done” 结构)
他们在英格兰四处修建城堡,并改革了法律制度。
4.The capital city London is a great place to start,as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.(as引导原因状语从句)
以首都伦敦为第一站,是一个不错的选择,因为伦敦是一个古老的港口城市,其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——通过历史了解一个国家(的概况)。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文从地理、历史、政治、文化、语言、旅游等多个角度介绍了英国的形成、发展以及它的风土人情。阅读本文,有利于学生深入了解英国的历史及其文化习俗。
多维解读·浅析结构
答案:1.puzzle　2.broke away from　3.belong to　4.history　5.traditions　6.dating
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.What is the function of Paragraph 1
A.To introduce the topic.
B.To show the confusion of many people.
C.To tell the name of the United Kingdom.
D.To describe the history of the United Kingdom.
(　　)2.How is Paragraph 2 organised
A.In time order. B.In spatial order.
C.In logical order. D.In the order of importance.
(　　)3.What’s mainly talked about in the text
A.The people of the United Kingdom.
B.The history of the United Kingdom.
C.The politics of the United Kingdom.
D.The geography of the United Kingdom.
(　　)4.What’s the author’s attitude towards studying the history of the United Kingdom
A.Objective. B.Indifferent.
C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.
答案:1.A　2.A　3.B　4.C
二次开发·深研课文
　　The United Kingdom,Great Britain,Britain,England—many people are confused by 1.　　　　 these different names mean.In the 16th century,the nearby country of Wales 2.　　　　 (join) to the Kingdom of England.Later,in the 18th century,the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century,the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland 3.　　　　 (break) away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.However,most people just use the 4.　　　　 (shorten) name:“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.The four countries 5.　　　　 belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.
There were four different groups of people who took over the UK at different times throughout history,and the last group were the Normans.They had castles 6.　　　　 (build) all around England,and made 7.　　　　(change) to the legal system. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more 8.　　　　(enjoy). The capital city London is 9.　　　　 ancient port city that has a history 10.　　　　 (date) back to Roman times.
答案:1.what　2.was joined　3.broke　4.shortened　5.that/which　6.built　7.changes　8.enjoyable　9.an　10.dating
1.break away (from sb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱;挣脱
[教材原句] Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
最后,在20世纪时,爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国,从而有了我们今天所知的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
例 (应用文写作之建议信)My proposal is that you should break away from your bad habits.
我的建议是你应该改掉你的坏习惯。
break out (战争、洪水、火灾等) 爆发 break into强行闯入;破门而入 break in打断;插话;强行进入;破门而入 break up打碎;分裂;解散;结束;(关系等) 破裂 break down垮掉;出故障;情不自禁地哭起来
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/用break的相关短语完成语段
No one knows for sure the reason why the band broke 　　　　.
You’ll break 　　　　 if you always stay up late.
Though sad,he was determined to break away 　　　　 the past and start a new chapter in his life.
He broke 　　　　 rudely,“What on earth do you mean ”,which astonished us.
Last night,a fire 　　　　　　　　 in his house.Fortunately,the firefighters came to the rescue in no time.They 　　　　　　　the house and saved his grandparents.When seeing them out of danger,he 　　　　　　 and wept.
答案: up　 down　 from　 in　 broke
out;broke into;broke down
2.belong vi.应在 (某处);适应;属于,为……的一员
·belonging n.归属感
·belongings n.所有物;财产
[教材原句] The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.
同属于联合王国的这四个地区在某些领域紧密合作。
例 (话题写作之传统文化)Paper cutting has a history of over 1,500 years,which belongs to traditional Chinese art.
剪纸有1 500多年的历史,属于中国的传统艺术。
例 (读后续写之主旨升华)From this experience,I am aware that a bright future belongs to those who get prepared for it.
从这次经历中我意识到, 美好的未来属于那些为其做好准备的人。
·belong to属于 ·a sense of belonging归属感 ·personal belongings 个人财物;私人物品
belong to意为“属于”,没有被动语态,也不用于进行时态。后面要接人称代词宾格或名词作宾语。作非谓语时用动词-ing形式(belonging to)。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
(应用文写作之演讲稿)Keep in mind that the world belongs 　　　　 young people who love it and decide to make it better.
(应用文写作之感谢信)正是由于你细致的安排,我才有了归属感并且很快适应了新环境。
It was due to your careful arrangement that I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and adapted to the new surroundings quickly.
今天我坐在自己的公寓里,爱着那些与我们共享这方小天地的每一件物品。
→I sit in my apartment today, 　.(定语从句)
→I sit in my apartment today, 　 . (动词-ing)
→I sit in my apartment today,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(belongings)
答案: to　 felt a sense of belonging　 loving each of the things that belong to our small space;loving each of the things belonging to our small space;loving each of the belongings that share our small space
3.as well as同 (一样也);和;还
[教材原句] They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样,他们也使用同一面国旗。
例 (2025·北京卷)They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity.
它们教授情感意识和管理以及身份认同。
·as well as 相当于in addition to,是一个连词结构,通常连接两个词性、结构对等的词或短语。当连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数和第一个主语保持一致。 ·as well表示“也”,相当于too,常放在句子末尾,作为副词短语使用。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句型转换
As well as 　　　　(have) difficulty adapting herself to the new school life,she found the cultural difference was another challenge for her.
Our head teacher as well as five student representatives 　　　　 (invite) to deliver a speech at yesterday’s coming-of-age ceremony.
Not only Amy but also her brothers were given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when returning to the village last week.(as well as)
答案: having　 was invited　 Amy,as well as her brothers,was given a warm welcome
4.defence 〔US defense〕 n.防御;保卫
·defend vt.防守;保护;保卫;辩护;维护
·defensive adj.防御的
[教材原句] They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样,他们也使用同一面国旗。
例 (读后续写之动作描写)He stepped backwards and grabbed a stick to defend himself from being attacked.
他退后一步,抓起一根棍子保护自己不受攻击。
例 (读后续写之动作描写) Frank stood up at once and said what he had seen in defence of his best friend.
弗兰克立刻站起来,说出了他所看到的,为最好的朋友辩护。
·in defence of 为了保卫;为……辩护 in sb’s defence 为某人辩护 ·defend...from/against...保护……不 受……;保卫……防御…… defend oneself 自卫;自行辩护
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves 　　　　 the sudden attacks.
(读后续写之动作描写) She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in
　　　　 (defend).
Mr Green stood up 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(为那个男孩辩护),saying that he was not the one to blame.
First of all,children need to know how 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(自我保护) and how to establish relationships in a group.
答案: from/against　 defence　 in the boy’s
defence/in defence of the boy　 to defend themselves
5.surround vt.围绕;包围
·surrounding adj.周围的;附近的
·surroundings n.环境;周围的事物
[教材原句] Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方,这些民族的遗迹几乎都随处可见。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants,don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it.
如果你正属于享受植物环绕所带来的身心益处的那类人,那么即便有一株(甚至几株!)未能成活,也不必自责。
例 Surrounded by familiar colleagues,he felt a strong sense of belonging.
周围都是熟悉的同事,他有一种强烈的归属感。
surround...with...用……包围…… be surrounded with/by...被……包围/环绕
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句式升级
(应用文写作之建议信)If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle,it’s extremely important to surround yourself 　　　　 people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support.
(读后续写之环境描写)The 　　　　(surround) villages are bathed in fascinating moonlight,which almost takes our breath away.
(应用文写作之告知信)As an exchange student,it took me a long time to adjust myself to the new 　　　　 (surrounding).
A small village is surrounded by green trees and it is located at the foot of the hill near our school.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,a small village is located at the foot of the hill near our school.(用非谓语动词升级)
答案: with　 surrounding　 surroundings
Surrounded by green trees
Recently,she moved to a new house.Surrounded by mountains,her house is very beautiful.She is very satisfied with the surrounding scenery and will soon adapt herself to the new surroundings.
最近,她搬了新家。她的家被群山环绕着,非常美丽。她对周围的风景很满意,并且很快就会适应新环境。
6.charge n.收费;指控;主管 vt.收费;控告;充电
[教材原句] Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged.
朱蒂和我把车停在了特拉法尔加广场附近的一个地下停车场,我们可以在那儿给汽车充电。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy,according to Tu Ningning,who is in charge of the exhibition.
据该展览的策展人屠宁宁介绍,这些黑白棋子的走法体现了东方哲学的基本思想。
·in charge of 主管;负责;掌管 in the charge of=in one’s charge 由……负责/掌管 take charge of 负责;掌管;接管 free of charge (=for free)免费 ·get charged 充电 charge (sb) for (doing) sth因 (做) 某事而 (向某人) 收费 charge sb with (doing) sth控告某人犯某罪;指责某人(做)某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He forgot to get his electric bicycle 　　　　 (charge) last night.
(读后续写之心理描写)What moved him most was that a complete stranger charged him 　　　　 nothing when he ran out of money on the way.
We have enough evidence to charge you 　　　　 telling a lie.
我将负责一个主题班会,旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 designed to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreigners.
(应用文写作之演讲稿)上周我们就市民是否可以免费进入科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。
Last week we had a heated debate about whether citizens can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
答案: charged　 for 　 with　 will be in
charge of/take charge of a theme class meeting
access the Science Museum free of charge/for free
7.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称
·announcement n.宣布;宣告
·announcer n.广播员;播音员
[教材原句] When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides,we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
当我们最终到达服务台要求语音导览时,我们听到它宣布没有语音导览了。
例 (读后续写之动作描写)When our teacher announced the good news to us,we all burst into cheers.
当老师向我们宣布这个好消息时,我们都欢呼起来。
例 (2024·浙江1月卷)In her first PE class,Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside.
在伊娃的第一堂体育课上,当皮特教练宣布每个人都必须绕着室外跑道跑一英里时,她大吃一惊。
·announce sth to sb 向某人宣告某事 It is announced that... 据宣布…… ·make an announcement 宣布
announce后不接双宾语,常用于 announce sth to sb结构。用法类似的动词还有suggest、explain等。
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Upon/On hearing the 　　　　 (announce),a group of freshmen waved goodbye to their parents with great excitement.
It 　　　　 (announce) that our school will extend the library opening hours to 9 p.m. on weekdays to meet students’ needs for after-class study.
老师向学生们宣布下周将举行英语竞赛。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 there would be an English contest next week.
答案: announcement　 is announced/has been announced　 The teacher announced/made an announcement to the students that
8.approach n.方法;途径;接近vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近
·approachable adj.平易近人的
[教材原句] It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.
有很多人围在画的周围,所以很难靠近那幅画。
例 (2025·浙江1月卷)A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide.
一种新颖的园艺设计方法在全球范围内日益流行。
例 (读后续写之场景描写)With the winter holiday approaching,the students are more than a little excited,chatting with each other about what to do first happily.
随着寒假的临近,同学们都非常兴奋,兴高采烈地聊着要先做什么。
·an approach to (doing) sth (做)某事的方法/方式 at the approach of...快到……的时候 ·with+宾语+approaching=as+宾语+approaches/approached随着……的临近
approach to中的to是介词,后面接名词、代词或者动词-ing形式。
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之人物介绍)The teacher I admire most is Mr Li,an 　　　　(approach) maths teacher,who has a unique approach to 　　　　 (make) his class lively and interesting.
　　　　 the approach of the Spring Festival,we could hardly contain our inner excitement.
随着高考的临近,我们都在忙着为它做充分的准备。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we are busy making full preparations for it.
答案: approachable;making　 At　 With the College Entrance Examination approaching/As the College Entrance Examination approaches
if any省略句
[教材原句] So what is the difference between them,if any
那么,如果这些名称有区别的话,区别何在
例 (应用文写作之求助信)There may be some mistakes in my composition.If any,please help me point them out.
我的作文可能有些错误。如果有的话,请帮我指出来。
例 Tom,please lend me a book on the history of China,if any.
汤姆,如果你有关于中国历史的书,请借给我一本。
[归纳拓展]
[语境运用] 完成句子
Problems,　　　　　　　　(如果有的话),should be solved without delay.
No matter how much stress you have,stop to have a rest for a while 　　　　　　　(如果可能的话).
My grandfather rarely talks about his childhood,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (即便偶尔说起),it’s only about the happy days he spent with his little sister.
答案: if any　 if possible　 and if ever he does
have sth done结构
[教材原句] They had castles built all around England,and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰四处修建城堡,并改革了法律制度。
例 (读后续写之情感描写)He had his grandpa’s favourite vase broken,which made him frightened and upset.
他把爷爷最喜欢的花瓶打碎了,这使得他又害怕又难过。
[归纳拓展]
[语境运用] 完成句子
为了提高我们的写作能力,我们的英语老师让我们每天翻译3个句子。
In order to improve our writing ability,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(2024·浙江1月卷)你好,我想把这件女式衬衫送去清洗并熨烫一下。
Hi,I’d like to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
教练让运动员们为即将到来的比赛努力训练。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 for the upcoming competition.
(应用文写作之道歉信)明天我有重要的事情要处理,所以很抱歉我不能陪你了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,so I’m terribly sorry that I can’t keep you company.
答案: our English teacher has us translate three sentences every day　 have this blouse
washed and pressed　 The coach had the
athletes training hard　 I have something
important to attend to tomorrow
[教材原句] Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
尝试分析:本句为主从复合句。主句为“you will be surrounded by...”; 为让步状语从句; 为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词groups of people。
自主翻译:英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方,这些民族的遗迹几乎都随处可见。
[语境运用] 情境写作
在中国,无论你走到哪里,你都会发现自己被热心的人围绕着,他们都非常友好。
Everywhere you go in China,you can find yourself surrounded by warm-hearted people who/that are very friendly.
语法微专题4　过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
Most people just use the shortened name:“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.
They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.
They had castles built all around England,and made changes to the legal system.
观察上面的句子,注意其中的过去分词,思考它们在句中的作用,并判断哪些过去分词作宾语补足语,哪些过去分词作定语。
一、过去分词作定语
1.过去分词作定语时,相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。此时的过去分词(短语)可以变成定语从句。
The bridge built ten years ago needs repairing.(名词the bridge和build构成被动关系)
=The bridge which was built ten years ago needs repairing.(变为定语从句)
这座10年前建的桥需要修了。
①把过去分词(短语)变为定语从句:先选定一个连接词,先行词是人用who/that,先行词是事物用that/which;再判断从句的时态;最后用该时态的被动形式。
The guide introduced some historic buildings and cultural traditions preserved well here to us.(将画线部分变为定语从句)
分析:因为先行词是some historic buildings and cultural traditions,是物,连接词应用that/which;再判断从句的时态,是一般现在时,强调事实;最后用一般现在时的被动形式are done。
The guide introduced some historic buildings and cultural traditions that/which are preserved well here to us.
导游向我们介绍了这里保存完好的一些历史建筑和文化传统。
②一般来说,及物动词的过去分词作定语,表示一个被动的、已完成的动作;不及物动词的过去分词作定语不含有被动意义,只表示该动作已完成。
the fallen leaves 落叶 (fallen只表示动作已完成)
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
There are many beautifully 　　　　(decorate) houses in this area.
The 　　　　 (rise) sun is shining brightly in the morning.
This is the problem 　　　　 (discuss) at the meeting yesterday.
答案: decorated　 risen　 discussed
2.单个的过去分词作定语时,常常置于其所修饰的名词前;而过去分词短语作定语时,常常置于其所修饰的名词后,可改成定语从句。
Many used cars are on sale now,and you can go to find a good one. (used是单个过去分词作定语,修饰cars,放在前面)
现在很多二手车正在甩卖,你可以去找一辆好的。
I like the book bought on the Internet very much.(bought on the Internet是过去分词短语作定语,放在其所修饰的名词book的后面)
我非常喜欢从网上买的那本书。
有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后,如left (剩余的)、given (所给的)、concerned (有关的)等。
With only five minutes left,we had no choice but to hurry up.
只剩下5分钟了,我们别无选择,只能抓紧时间。
3.过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别。
分词种类 语态方面 时态方面
doing(现在分词) 动作是主动的 动作正在进行
done(过去分词) 动作是被动的 动作已经完成
The young man sitting between John and Mary is their Chinese teacher.(sitting表示主动和进行)
那个坐在约翰和玛丽之间的年轻人是他们的中文老师。
Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally.(designed表示被动和完成)
大多数大学现在为一年级学生提供专门设计的课程,以帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。
4.过去分词、现在分词的被动语态与动词不定式的被动语态作定语的区别。
词语 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 将要发生
The building built last year is our teaching building.
去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our teaching building.
现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our teaching building.
下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
The man 　　　　(praise) at present at the meeting is our head teacher.
I am glad to hear that you are interested in the activity 　　　　(hold) in our school next month.
The flowers 　　　　 (plant) last year are very beautiful.
答案: being praised　 to be held　 planted
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时,表示被动意义或完成意义,有时两者兼而有之。与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。
1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词或短语动词,如feel、hear、listen to、see、watch、observe、look at、notice、find等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。
(读后续写之环境描写)We could hear the windows knocked by the raindrops.
我们可以听到雨点敲打窗户的声音。
If you watch long enough,you will see many problems settled in this way.
如果你观察的时间足够长,你会看到很多问题都是这样解决的。
2.表示“致使”意义的动词,如have、make、get、keep、leave等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。
Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.
珍妮希望史密斯先生能提出一个在短时间内提高她英语写作水平的好方法。
He made every effort to get his works recognised.
他尽一切努力使得自己的作品得到了认可。
3.with复合结构中可以使用过去分词作宾语补足语。此时过去分词与句子的主语没有逻辑关系,此结构在句中通常作时间、方式、条件、原因和伴随状语。
With all the work done,I feel very relaxed now. (do和宾语work构成被动关系)
所有的工作都做完了,我现在感到很放松。
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)One long-term option for sustainable fuel for planes is to make hydrocarbons from 　　　　 (recycle) air.
答案:recycled
解析:考查过去分词作定语。air与recycle之间为被动关系,要用过去分词作定语。故填recycled。
2.(2025·北京卷)I sometimes call him back,worried that he might have someone 　　　　(scare).
答案:scared
解析:考查过去分词作宾语补足语。分析句子可知,此处是“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语someone与scare之间为被动关系,要用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。
3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” 　　　　(make) of glass and aluminium (铝).
答案:made
解析:考查过去分词作定语。sepals与make之间为被动关系,要用过去分词作定语。故填made。
4.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey 　　　　(influence) by the ancient Silk Road...
答案:influenced
解析:考查过去分词作定语。a journey与influence之间为被动关系,要用过去分词作定语。故填influenced。
5.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later,a six-metre-tall pavilion,　　　　(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion,was built at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
答案:inspired
解析:考查过去分词作定语。a six-metre-tall pavilion与inspire之间为被动关系,要用过去分词作定语。故填inspired。
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.Listening to music at home is one thing,and going to hear it 　　　　(perform) live is quite another.
2.This film,　　　　(intend) for kids under 13,is shown at the local cinema.
3.When repairing the door,she got her fingers 　　　　 (catch) in the door.
4.With all his energy 　　　　 (concentrate) on his painting,he didn’t notice it was raining heavily outside.
5.She found the window 　　　　 (break) when she came back home.
答案:1.performed　2.intended　3.caught
4.concentrated　5.broken
Ⅱ.语篇填空
A boy 1.　　　　 (call) John went to the cinema one night.It was a horror film,but he found himself2.　　　　 (interest) in it.Sometimes he felt excited,while sometimes he felt 3.　　　　 (frighten).After the film,the 4.　　　　 (tire) boy was heading for home.In the parking lot,the 5.　　　　 (exhaust) boy sensed something unusual.His bike 6.　　　　 (tie) to the tree was missing.It seemed that he had his bike 7.　　　　 (steal).He searched the whole parking lot for it but in vain.At last,he turned to the police for help.It turned out that someone took it and left it 8.　　　　 (abandon) by the river.Seeing the bike 9.　　　　 (return) by the police,John was more than a little excited with a 10.　　　　 (delight) smile on his face.
答案:1.called　2.interested　3.frightened　4.tired
5.exhausted　6.tied　7.stolen　8.abandoned
9.returned　10.delighted(共73张PPT)
Listening and Talking—Video Time
Part 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
写作词汇
1. 　　 n.点心;小吃
2. n.(英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县
3. vi.& vt.(使)翻滚;(使)滚动
n.卷(轴);翻滚
4. n.牛
5. n.大海;海洋
snack
county
roll
cattle
ocean
6. n.酒吧;酒馆
7. n.葡萄酒;果酒
8. n.(一杯)啤酒
9. n.风俗;习俗;习惯
pub
wine
beer
custom
阅读词汇
1.courtyard n.
2.feast n.
3.dot n.
vt.
4.roar vi.& n.
5.scent n.
6.stew n.
vt.& vi.
7.transition n.
庭院;院子
盛宴;宴会;节日
点;小(圆)点
加点;遍布
吼叫;咆哮
气味;气息
炖菜(有肉和蔬菜)
炖;煨
过渡;转变;变迁
拓展词汇
1. adj.热切的;渴望的→eagerly adv.热切地;渴望地→eagerness n.热切;渴望
2. n.诗人→poem n.诗;韵文→poetry n.诗 (总称)
3. vt.问候;迎接→greeting n.问候;招呼;迎接;问候语(复数)
4. adj.感觉的;感官的→sense n.感觉 vt.感觉到→sensitive adj.敏感的→sensible adj.明智的
eager
poet
greet
sensory
5. adj.引人注目的;显著的→strike vt.给……印象;把……迷住;打动
6. n.成就;成绩;达到→achieve vt.取得;达到
7. n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的;挤满的;充满的
striking
achievement
crowd
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.come back from　　　
2.have a great influence on
3.be dotted with
4.make up
5.breathe in
6.introduce oneself to
从……回来
对……有很大影响
被……点缀着
组成;构成;补上;编造;化妆;和解;和好
吸入
向……介绍自己
重点句型
1.Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all,
.(现在分词作结果状语)
美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感,满足(人们的)各种感官享受。
2.The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,
.(with复合结构)
“绿宝石 (爱尔兰) 岛”风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
offering something for
each of the senses
with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and
cattle
3.With all this beauty, Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music,dancing,and dining.(It+be+adj.+that
从句)
这般美景造就了爱尔兰的音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等独特的民间传统也就不足为奇了。
it is not surprising that
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——美丽的爱尔兰及其传统。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文从一个旅行者的角度描绘了爱尔兰乡村的美丽景色和风土人情。阅读本文,有利于学生了解不同的文化,增强其跨文化交流的意识。
多维解读·浅析结构
writers
Peaceful
waves
mountains
traditions
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.What makes Ireland exciting and inspiring
A.Its long history. B.Its writers and poets.
C.Its sheep and cattle. D.Its beautiful countryside.
(　　)2.What is the text mainly about
A.Ireland’s beautiful people. B.Irish traditions and culture.
C.Great Irish writers and poets. D.Ireland’s folk music and dancing.
D
B
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.eager adj.热切的;渴望的
·eagerly adv.热切地;渴望地
·eagerness n.热切;渴望
例 (应用文写作之日记)Some of us were eager to take part in the class activities,others were nervous and anxious.
我们中的一些人渴望参加班级活动,另一些人则为此感到紧张和焦虑。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)We were eager that the holiday would come earlier.
我们渴望假期早点到来。
归纳拓展
·be eager to do sth渴望做某事
be eager for sth渴望得到某物
be eager that... 热切希望……
·with eagerness 热切地;急切地
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
Bob was eager 　　　　 a chance to learn traditional Chinese painting,so he was eager 　　　　(join) the exchange programme.
(读后续写之动作描写)The little girl jumped to her feet and 　　　　 (eager) ate the strawberries cupped in her brother’s hands.
(读后续写之动作描写)I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my
　　 　　 (eager) to get to know my new school.
for
to join
eagerly
eagerness
2.make up组成;构成;补上;编造;化妆;和解;和好
[教材原句] And down by the sea,the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.
海边波浪咆哮,海鸟鸣叫,奏响了海岸交响乐。
例 Six teachers and thirty-nine students make up this class;that is to say,this class is made up of six teachers and thirty-nine students.
6位老师和39名学生组成了这个班级;也就是说,这个班级由6位老师和39名学生组成。
归纳拓展
make up for弥补
make up one’s mind下定决心
be made up of由……构成
make out辨认;理解
make it 获得成功;准时到达
[语境运用] 一词多义
We need to make up the time we wasted yesterday by working harder today.　　　　　　　
The actress needs to make up for an hour to look like the character in the historical drama.　　　　　　　
Everyone in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and making up jokes.　　　　　　　
Thirty-eight doctors and nurses make up the medical team.　　 　　　
They quarrelled last night,but they made up again this morning.　　　　
补上
化妆
编造
组成;构成
和解;和好
语境串词
I tried to get to Lisa’s concert on time.The bus broke down,but I ran and finally made it.The hall was made up of five sections.I couldn’t make out Lisa at first in the crowd.Then I made up my mind to push through,and found her.I gave her a big hug—she smiled warmly.
我努力想准时赶到莉萨的音乐会。公共汽车抛锚了,但我一路奔跑,最终准时赶到了现场。场馆由5个区域组成。一开始在人群中我认不出莉萨,然后我下定决心往前挤,终于找到了她。我给了她一个大大的拥抱——她露出了温暖的笑容。
3.more than非常;不仅仅是;多于
[教材原句] And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face,you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.
向友善的当地人做个自我介绍,你定能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。
例 The beauty of the West Lake is more than I can imagine.
西湖之美是我难以想象的。
例 For many people,fishing is more than a sport;it is an art.
对很多人来说,钓鱼不只是一项运动,还是一门艺术。
归纳拓展
·more than+数词　多于,超过(相当于over)
more than+one　不止一个
more than+名词　不仅仅是
more than+形容词　很,非常
more than+sb can/could... ……超出某人所能;某人难以……
·more A than B　与其说是B倒不如说是A(肯定A,否定B)
[语境运用] 一词多义/翻译句子
Sorry,I can’t help you.The job is more than I can do.　　　　　　　
(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)More than once,I found myself wondering just how my students,who’d created these people,knew their subjects so well.　　　　　
(2024·浙江1月卷)There was nothing she feared more than having to run a whole mile.　　　　　　　
超出
超过;不止
多于
(应用文写作之邀请信)知道你对中国传统节日感兴趣,我非常高兴。
Knowing that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals,I am more than a little happy.
它不仅仅是一本杂志,还是我们的良师益友。
It is more than a magazine and it is also our good teacher and friend.
4.crowd n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤
·crowded adj.拥挤的;挤满的;充满的
[教材原句] Dave could not find a seat in the room.It was very crowded.
戴夫在房间里找不到座位。那里非常拥挤。
例 The crowd crowded into the stadium which was crowded with audience.
人群涌入挤满了观众的体育场。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)A wave of happiness crowded into his mind when he saw what his grandpa left him.
当他看到爷爷留给他的东西时,一阵幸福感涌上心头。
归纳拓展
·crowd into 挤进;涌入
crowd into one’s mind 涌入某人的脑海
·follow the crowd 随大流
a crowd of/crowds of... 一群/成群……
in the crowd 在人群中
·be crowded with 挤满……;充满着……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
In 　　 　　(crowd) places like airports and railway stations,you must take care of your personal belongings.
I felt a bit nervous at first,but then I saw my friends　　　　 the crowd and felt more at ease.
国庆节期间,黄山上挤满了来自国内外的游客。
Mount Huangshan 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 from home and abroad during the National Day holiday.
crowded
in
was crowded with tourists
当我看到这些照片时,童年的记忆涌入我的脑海。
The memories of my childhood 　　　　　　　　　　　　 when I saw the photos.
crowded into my mind
重点句式
It+be+adj.+that从句
[教材原句] With all this beauty,it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music,dancing,and dining.
这般美景造就了爱尔兰的音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等独特的民间传统也就不足为奇了。
例 (2025·浙江1月卷)The couple had both gone to work,so it was strange that someone was over there.
这对夫妇都已经去上班了,所以当时有个人在那里显得很奇怪。
例 (应用文写作之演讲稿)As far as I am concerned,it is the most important that we should keep up a good state of mind.
在我看来,最重要的是我们应该保持良好的心态。
[归纳拓展]
[语境运用] 翻译句子
学生为自己的未来发展设定清晰的目标是至关重要的。
It is essential that students set clear goals for their future development.　
参加志愿者活动的学生能培养出更强的社会责任感,这不足为奇。
It is no wonder that students who take part in volunteer activities can develop a greater sense of social responsibility.　
学生们好像对即将到来的学校旅行非常兴奋。
It seems that the students are very excited about the upcoming school trip.
写作微专题4
Describe a place that you like
1.文体类型:事物说明文;属于说明文范畴。常用于生动细致地描述一个地方的景物等,突出该地方的特色。
2.要点内容:
(1)爱尔兰的乡村美景;
(2)爱尔兰的风土人情。
文本解读
[思路指引]
1.介绍“地点”的句式。
Located in ...,...is a ...city ...with a history of ...
It is located/is situated/lies in...,with an area of...
...is a place you have to visit and the extraordinary views will make you unwilling to leave.
...is within easy reach.
...is well worth visiting.
实用表达
2.介绍“人口”的句式。
It covers an area of ...square kilometres with a population of ...
The population of...is...
...is a city with a population of...
3.介绍“气候/特征”的句式。
With its pleasant climate,rich natural resources and beautiful scenery,...is one of the major tourist cities.
The climate differs greatly from one area to another.
...be very/quite/extremely cold/hot/warm/dry/humid/sunny/rainy/mild...all year round.
The average temperature of...is about 22℃.
The rainy season is between May and July.
4.介绍“历史”的句式。
...has a (long) history of...
...dates/goes back to...
5.介绍“特产/特色、名胜景观”的句式。
It has become one of the most popular tourist attractions since ...
There are many places of interest,such as...
You can enjoy...,which has a high reputation both at home and abroad.
...is one of the most famous tourist attractions.
...is rich in...,like/such as...
...is famous/well-known for...,so it attracts sb to visit.
假设你是李华,请你用英语给某英文报社的“城市风采”栏目写一篇短文,介绍我们伟大祖国的首都——北京。内容包括:
1.基本概况:面积16 000多平方千米,位于华北平原北部;
2.气候:四季分明;
3.文化:是我国的政治中心、文化中心,有很多著名的大学,如清华大学和北京大学;
4.交通与旅游:交通便利,有天安门广场、故宫博物院、长城等很多旅游景点。
佳作建构
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　　　 adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的
2.　　　　　　　 位于
3.　　　　　　　 同 (一样也);和;还
4.　　　　　　　 例如
5.　　　　　　 　 吸引……的注意
6.　 　　　　　　 在……中扮演重要角色/起重要作用
fascinating
(be) located in
as well as
such as
draw the attention of
play an important role in
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.北京,中国的首都,面积16 000多平方千米。
Beijing,the capital of China,　　　　　 　　　　 more than 16,000 square kilometres.
2.北京位于华北平原北部,四季分明。
　　　　　　　 the north of the North China Plain,Beijing has four distinct seasons.
3.北京是中国的政治、文化中心。
Beijing is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 of China.
covers an area of
Located in
the political and cultural centre
4.北京成功举办了2008年夏季奥林匹克运动会和2022年冬季奥林匹克运动会,吸引了世界的目光。
Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics,　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 the world.
5.北京有很多著名的大学,如清华大学和北京大学。
Beijing has many famous universities,　　　　　　　 Tsinghua University and Peking University.
6.北京也是一个极有吸引力的度假胜地,而且交通便利。
Beijing is also 　　　　　 　　　　　　　 to enjoy your holiday and it has convenient transportation.
which drew the attention of
such as
a fascinating place
7.北京有很多旅游胜地,如天安门广场、故宫博物院、长城还有鸟巢等。
There are many 　　　　　　　 　 in Beijing,such as Tian’anmen Square, the Palace Museum,the Great Wall 　　　　 　　 the Bird’s Nest.
8.现在,北京在世界上扮演着越来越重要的角色。
Now,Beijing is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the world.
places of interest
as well as
playing a more and more important role
亮点提升
1.将第3句和第4句用现在分词短语作状语进行改写升级。
Being the political and cultural centre of China,Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics,which drew the attention of the world.
2.将第5句用there be句型和“介词+which”引导非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
There are many famous universities in Beijing,among which are Tsinghua University and Peking University.
范文展示
Beijing,the capital of China,covers an area of more than 16,000 square kilometres.Located in the north of the North China Plain,Beijing has four distinct seasons.
Being the political and cultural centre of China,Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics,which drew the attention of the world.There are many famous universities in Beijing,among which are Tsinghua University and Peking University.
Beijing is also a fascinating place to enjoy your holiday and it has convenient transportation.There are many places of interest in Beijing,such as Tian’anmen Square,the Palace Museum,the Great Wall as well as the Bird’s Nest.Now,Beijing is playing a more and more important role in the world.
写作练习
假设你是李华,请你根据以下提示,用英语写一篇文章向报社投稿,介绍一下杭州。内容包括:
1.地理位置:位于中国的东南部;
2.风景名胜:西湖;
3.休闲活动:划船、漫步、在草坪上野餐;
4.变化:高楼大厦增多。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
写作指导
One possible version:
I’m more than delighted to introduce a beautiful city—Hangzhou to you,which lies in the southeast of China.
It is most famous for the beautiful West Lake,which has a long history with a love story.During holidays or at weekends,people like going boating on the lake,walking in the woods or sitting on the lawn to have a picnic. Great changes have taken place in Hangzhou during the past few years,with plenty of tall buildings going up.The landscape is so striking that lots of tourists from home and abroad come to visit it every year.
All in all,Hangzhou is a place well worth visiting and its extraordinary views will make you unwilling to leave.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写微 技能 之“点” 情感描写 相关词语 enjoyable adj.令人愉快的　interesting adj.有趣的　fascinating adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的　surprised adj.吃惊的　be confused by
被……迷惑
动作描写 相关词语 solve vt. 解决　explore vt.& vi. 探索　conquer vt.占领;征服;控制　be joined to与……相连　break away (from sb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱;挣脱　 work together 通力合作　be surrounded by被……包围
环境描写 相关词语 have a long history of 有……的悠久历史　beautiful countryside美丽的乡村 the peaceful landscape 宁静的风景　with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle 青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中
读后续写 微技能之“线” ...many people are confused by what these different names mean.(心理描写)
If you keep your eyes open,you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.(动作描写)
Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all,offering something for each of the senses.(拟人)
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes...(暗喻)
And down by the sea,the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.(环境描写)
On a quiet morning in the mountains,feel the sun on your skin,and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.(环境描写+动作描写+拟人)
读后续写微 技能 之“面”
读后续写——探索大自然
当我踏入这片美丽的乡村,我瞬间被宁静的风景包围,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中。大自然的广阔让我感到有些迷茫,就像一个迷失在迷人梦境中的孩子。但阳光的温暖和轻柔的微风仿佛携手引导着我,使我感到心安。我决定深入探索,征服内心的恐 惧,摆脱犹豫的束缚。每一步都像是在解开一个谜题的碎片,让我更接近自然的核心。
读后续写 微技能 之“面”
As I set foot in the beautiful countryside,1.
　　　　　 　　　 the peaceful landscape,2.
　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　.I felt a little confused by the vastness of nature,3.
　　　.But the warmth of the sun and the gentle breeze seemed to work together to guide me,which 4.　　　　　　　　　 .
I decided to explore deeper,to conquer my inward fears and to 5.　　　　　　 　　 the chains of hesitation.Each step felt like solving a piece of a puzzle,6.　　　　 　　　　　　　　　.
I was instantly
surrounded by
with its rolling
green hills dotted with sheep and cattle
like a child lost in a fascinating
dream
made me feel at ease
break away from
joining me closer to the heart of nature
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.puzzle n.谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt.迷惑;使困惑→ adj.令人困惑的→
adj.感到困惑的
2.belong vi.应在 (某处);适应;属于,为……的一员→ n.归属感→
n.所有物;财产
3.surround vt.围绕;包围→ adj.周围的;附近的→
n.环境;周围的事物
4.location n.地方;地点;位置→ vt.使……坐落于→ adj.位于;坐落于
puzzling
puzzled
belonging
belongings
surrounding
surroundings
locate
located
5.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的→ vt.使着迷→
n.魅力;极大的吸引力
6.generous adj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的→ adv.慷慨地;大方地→
n.慷慨;大方
7.eager adj.热切的;渴望的→ adv.热切地;渴望地→ n.热切;渴望
8.achievement n.成就;成绩;达到→ vt.取得;达到
9.crowd n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤→ adj.拥挤的;挤满的;充满的
fascinate
fascination
generously
generosity
eagerly
eagerness
achieve
crowded
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　　 导致;引起
2. 和……相似
3. 关于
4. 把……加到……
5. 导致;造成
6. 属于
7. 同 (一样也);和;还
lead to
be similar to
as to
add...to...
result in
belong to
as well as
8. 被……包围
9. 留下
10. 追溯到……
11. 留心;留意
12. 对……有很大影响
13. 被……点缀着
14. 组成;构成;补上;编造;化妆;和解;和好
15. 吸入
be surrounded by
leave behind
date back to
keep your eyes open (for)
have a great influence on
be dotted with
make up
breathe in
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.if any省略句
So what is the difference between them, (如果有的话)
句式仿写
(如果可能的话),you should try it once more.
if any
If possible
2.have sth done结构
They (修建城堡) all around England,and made changes to the legal system.
句式仿写
They will (把他们的房子重新装修) to welcome the coming New Year.
had castles built
have their house redecorated
3.with复合结构
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,
(青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中).
句式仿写
The boy rushed into the room, (满脸是汗).
with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and
cattle
with his face covered with sweat

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