资源简介

(共76张PPT)
Q6：How do people make
music
Unit 12
Oxford Discover 3
Words
01
02
03
04
Reading
Grammar
Communicate
Content
Words
01
zummara
/ t el /
(又称 violoncello) 一种大型的弦乐器，演奏时置于两膝之间，用琴弓拉奏。
n. 大提琴
The deep, rich sound of the cello filled the concert hall.
flute
/ t mp ni/
(又称 kettledrums) 一组定音鼓，通过调节鼓面张力来改变音高，通常成对或成组使用。
n. 定音鼓（复数名词）
The dramatic roll of the timpani added tension to the symphony.
djembe
/tr m b n/
一种铜管乐器，通过滑动U形伸缩管来改变音高。
n. 长号
He plays the trombone in the jazz band.
tuba
/b su n/
一种大型的双簧木管乐器，能发出低沉而富有表现力的声音。
n. 巴松管，低音管
The bassoon often负责演奏管弦乐队中的低音旋律。
panpipes
/ k str /
一个大型的器乐演奏团体，通常包含弦乐、木管、铜管和打击乐声部。
n. 管弦乐队
She has dreamed of playing violin in a symphony orchestra since she was a child.
violin
/k n d kt (r)/
（音乐）指挥，负责领导乐队或合唱团排练与演出的人。
（物理）导体。
n. 1. 指挥 2. 导体
The conductor raised his baton, and the orchestra fell silent.
Copper is an excellent conductor of electricity.
didgeridoo
/ b t n/
（音乐）指挥棒。
接力棒；警棍。
n. 1. 指挥棒 2. 棍，棒
The maestro's baton moved with precise and graceful motions.
The police officer carried a baton as part of her duty equipment.
snare drum
/ str n t/
(英式英语也常用 cosmonaut) 经过专业训练，可以乘坐航天器进入太空执行任务的人。
n. 宇航员，航天员
The astronaut conducted experiments aboard the International Space Station.
erhu
/ s k s tre n (r)/
在马戏团中负责训练和指挥动物（如狮子、大象）进行表演的人。
n. 马戏团驯兽师
The circus trainer worked patiently with the tigers to teach them new routines.
clarinet
/ sa nt st/
从事科学研究工作的人，致力于通过实验和观察来理解自然世界。
n. 科学家
The scientist made an important discovery in the field of renewable energy.
flute, tuba, violin,
snare drum, clarinet
zummara, djembe, panpipes, didgeridoo, erhu
violin
erhu
djembe
snare drum
Reading
02
1.What traditional instruments are there in your country
In my country (China), there are many traditional instruments, such as the erhu (a two-stringed bowed instrument), guzheng (a plucked zither with 21 strings), pipa (a pear-shaped plucked lute), dizi (a bamboo flute), and sheng (a mouth-blown free reed instrument).
2.What are some of the materials that instruments are made of
Wood (used for the bodies of the erhu, pipa, and guitar)
Bamboo (used for dizi and panpipes)
Metal (used for tubas, trumpets, and cymbals)
Animal skin (used for the drumheads of djembes and snare drums)
Silk or nylon (used for the strings of violins and erhus)
3.Do large instruments have a higher or lower sound than small instruments
Generally, large instruments produce a lower sound than small ones. This is because larger instruments have bigger resonance chambers and longer vibrating parts (like strings or air columns), which vibrate more slowly and create lower-pitched sounds. For example, a tuba (large) has a lower sound than a flute (small), and a cello (large) has a lower sound than a violin (small).
What Does "Compare" Mean
Compare means to look for how things are alike or similar.
Look for keywords like:
like
alike
similar
the same
What Does "Contrast" Mean
Contrast means to look for how things are different.
Look for keywords like:
different
unlike
not the same
Compare vs. Contrast: Quick Guide
Compare (Alike) Contrast (Different)
like different
alike unlike
similar not the same
the same
Why Compare & Contrast
Helps organize information
Improves reading comprehension
Useful for writing essays, reports, and discussions
Helps you understand different perspectives
Underline: similar, alike, similar,same, alike
Circle: different, not the same, different, different
The erhu is also in this family. It is a traditional string instrument from China.
A string instrument makes music when its strings vibrate, or move very quickly from side to side.
Panpipes are usually made of a different material such as bamboo or cane.
The pitch, or sound, of the tuba is low when you hear it.
Traditional describes something that has been used, done, or believed in a culture or group for a long time, often passed down from older generations.
traditional
To vibrate means to shake or move back and forth very quickly. When something vibrates, it often produces sound.
vibrate
A material is what something is made from, such as wood, metal, plastic, or cloth.
material
Pitch refers to how high or low a sound is. A high pitch is like a bird’s chirp; a low pitch is like a drum’s boom.
pitch
Look at the pictures of instruments. In what regions of the world do you think these instruments are played
1. Violin
Played worldwide, especially in classical music traditions of Europe, North America, and many Western-influenced regions.
2. Erhu
A traditional instrument from China (and other East Asian regions with Chinese cultural influence).
3. Flute
Played globally, with a strong presence in classical music of Europe and North America.
Look at the pictures of instruments. In what regions of the world do you think these instruments are played
4. Panpipes
A traditional instrument from the Andean region of South America (e.g., Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador).
5. Tuba
Found in brass bands and orchestras worldwide, most commonly in Europe and North America.
6. Didgeridoo
A traditional instrument of the Aboriginal peoples of Australia.
Look at the pictures of instruments. In what regions of the world do you think these instruments are played
7. Snare Drum
Used in orchestras, marching bands, and popular music globally, with roots in European and North American musical traditions.
8. Djembe
A traditional drum from West Africa (e.g., Guinea, Mali, Senegal).
The World of Instruments
All around the world, people play musical instruments. Some instruments are known everywhere, such as the modern clarinet. Other instruments are known in certain parts of the world, such as the Middle Eastern zummara. One thing is the same for all instruments. They make music!
Most instruments fall into one of four families: strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion. Let's compare instruments from the orchestra with traditional instruments. We will see how they are alike and different.
STRINGS:The violin and the erhu
A string instrument makes music when its strings vibrate, or move very quickly from side to side. The violin is in this family. The erhu is also in this family. It is a traditional string instrument from China. The shape of the violin and the erhu are alike. However, the instruments are different in one way.
Most violins have four strings. The erhu only has two strings.
WOODWINDS:The Flute and the Panpipes
A woodwind instrument makes music when air vibrates in a tube. The flute is a woodwind instrument. So are the panpipes, a traditional instrument played in Peru and other parts of South America. The two instruments make similar sounds, but they are different in other ways. Flutes have one tube, while panpipes have many tubes. Flutes are usually made of metal.
Panpipes are usually made of a different material such as bamboo or cane.
BRASS:The Tuba and the Didgeridoo
Brass players make music by vibrating their lips as they blow air into the instrument. The tuba is a brass instrument.
The pitch, or sound, of the tuba is low when you hear it. The didgeridoo is from Australia. The sound of the didgeridoo is as low as the tuba's sound. However, unlike the metal tuba, the didgeridoo is made of wood. Also, the didgeridoo is not as curved as the tuba.
PERCUSSION:The Snare Drum and the Djembe
Percussion instruments vibrate and make a sound when something hits them. An orchestra snare drum and the West African djembe are both drums. However, they are different in some ways. Snare drummers use drumsticks to make a sound, but djembe drummers use their hands. An orchestra snare drum is usually 15 centimeters deep, but a djembe can be over 60 centimeters deep.
four strings
string instruments, similar shapes
two strings
made of metal, curved
bass instrument, low pitch
made of wood, straight
one tube, made of metal
woodwind instruments, similar sounds
many tubes, made of bamboo or cane
played with drumsticks
percussion instruments
played with hands, can be over 60 cm deep
I’d love to try the djembe because I adore the rich, rhythmic sounds of West African drums. It looks so fun to play with my hands, and I think it would be a great way to connect with the vibrant musical traditions of West Africa.
Grammar
03
Core Concept
The structure "as + adjective + as" is used to show that two things are equal or the same in a specific way.
The negative form "not as + adjective + as" is used to show that two things are different in a specific way.
Sentence Structures
Type Formula Example
Affirmative A + be + as + adjective + as + B The sound of the didgeridoo is as low as the tuba’s sound.
Negative A + be + not as + adjective + as + B The didgeridoo is not as curved as the tuba.
Communicate
04
drum
didgeridoo
panpipe
erhu
What is the -dge sound
The letters -dge together make the soft g sound, like the /j/ sound in words such as:
giraffe
jump
jam
Example Word: didgeridoo
The word didgeridoo comes from Australia.
It contains -dge in the middle.
Listen: did-ge-ri-doo (soft *g* sound).
How to pronounce -dge
Place your tongue behind your top teeth.
Push air out gently as you say the sound.
It sounds like / / (the same sound as j).
More Words with -dge
Here are common words ending in -dge:
bridge
judge
fridge
badge
edge
Spelling Rule: When to use -dge
Use -dge after a short vowel sound in a one-syllable word:
ledge (short e)
ridge (short i)
dodge (short o)
Summary
-dge sounds like soft g (/ /).
Often comes after short vowels.
Helps us spell and read words correctly!
Summary
-dge sounds like soft g (/ /).
Often comes after short vowels.
Helps us spell and read words correctly!
Why is this important
Many people mix up its and it's.
Using the correct one makes your writing clear and accurate.
Rule 1: Its (Possessive)
Its is a possessive adjective.
It shows that something belongs to "it."
It comes before a noun.
Rule 2: It's (Contraction)
It's is a contraction (short form) of it is.
Use it's when you can replace it with it is.
Example:
"The flute is a small instrument. It's easy to carry."
(It's = It is)
Quick Comparison Table
Word Type Meaning Example
Its Possessive Adjective Belongs to "it" The cat licked its paw.
It's Contraction Short for "it is" It's raining outside.
How to Choose: The Replacement Test
If you are unsure, try this trick:
Replace the word with it is.
If the sentence still makes sense, use it's.
If it doesn't, use its.
Example:
The dog wagged its tail. ( The dog wagged it is tail.) → Use its.
It's a beautiful day. ( It is a beautiful day.) → Use it's.
Summary & Key Tip
Its = Shows possession (belongs to it).
It's = Short for "it is".
Tip: If you can say it is, then write it's!
What does a flute look like
A flute looks like a long tube, usually made of three sections. It is shiny and has keys covering holes along its body.
What adjectives in the paragraph describe the concert flute
The adjectives used are: interesting, shiny, pretty, long, beautiful, and expensive.
What is the length of a flute
A concert flute is about 67 centimeters long.
What is a Descriptive Paragraph
A descriptive paragraph uses vivid words and details to help the reader see, hear, feel, or understand your topic clearly.
Step 1 – Start with Your Topic
Begin your paragraph by naming what you are describing.
Example: "The concert flute is a fascinating musical instrument."
What is the length of a flute
If you are unsure, try this trick:
Replace the word with it is.
If the sentence still makes sense, use it's.
If it doesn't, use its.
Example:
The dog wagged its tail. ( The dog wagged it is tail.) → Use its.
It's a beautiful day. ( It is a beautiful day.) → Use it's.
Step 2 – Include Plenty of Details
Write five or more sentences that describe your topic.
Use adjectives and sensory language (how it looks, sounds, feels, etc.).
Step 3 – Do Your Research
Look up facts about your topic online or in books.
Include two or three researched facts in your paragraph.
Example: "It is about 67 centimeters long and belongs to the woodwind family."
Step 4 – Answer Key Questions
Make sure your paragraph answers questions like:
What does it look like
What is it made of
How is it played
What does it sound like
Step 5 – Use Your Own Words
After researching, rewrite the facts in your own words.
Do not copy directly from the source.
Step 6 – End with a Personal Touch
Finish your paragraph with a sentence that shares your own feeling or opinion.
Example: "It’s my favorite instrument because of its beautiful, singing sound."
Thank you!
Unit 11
Oxford Discover 3

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