资源简介

(共91张PPT)
UNIT 1
SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
[词汇串记·语段感知]
　　Scientists recently made an outstanding finding about fighting virus infections.They long suspected a link between a special germ and lower infection risks but had no clear proof.Thanks to careful tests,they got strong evidence finally.Statistics show this germ can stop the virus from spreading in cells.This discovery not only confirms their guess but also gives new ideas for preventing infections,bringing hope to public health.
科学家近期在对抗病毒感染方面取得了一项了不起的发现。长期以 来,他们怀疑某种特殊细菌与降低感染风险之间存在关联,却一直缺乏明确证据。多亏了细致的实验,他们终于获得了有力证据。统计数字显示,这种细菌能够阻止病毒在细胞内扩散。这一发现不仅证实了他们此前的猜想,还为预防感染提供了新思路,为公共健康带来了希望。
Reading and Thinking, Learning About Language
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
写作词汇
1. n.一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人
2. vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责
n.责备;指责
3. n.把手;拉手;柄
vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
4. n.联系;纽带
vt.把……连接起来;相关联
household
blame
handle
link
5. adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的
6. adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的
7. n.减少;降低;减少量
vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
8. n.[pl.-s] 统计数字;统计资料;统计学
9. n.思想;思维;见解
10. n.病毒
raw
substantial
decrease
statistic
thinking
virus
11. n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决
12. adj.可靠的;固体的;坚实的
n.固体
finding
solid
阅读词汇
1.cholera　　　　 n.
2.diarrhoea(NAmE diarrhea)
n.
3.dehydration n.
4.germ n.
5.pump n.
6.epidemiology n.
霍乱
腹泻
脱水
微生物;细菌;病菌
泵;抽水机;打气筒
流行病学
7.microscope n.
8.protein n.
9.cell n.
10.vaccine n.
11.framework n.
显微镜
蛋白质
细胞;小房间;单间牢房
疫苗
框架;结构
拓展词汇
1. adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的→severely adv.十分严重地;严肃地;严厉地
2. adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→frustration n.沮丧;挫败→ frustrating adj.令人沮丧的;令人懊恼的
3. adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的→contradict vt.反驳;相矛盾→contradiction n.矛盾;反驳
4. n.感染;传染→infect vt.使感染;传染→infectious adj.感染的;传染性的;有感染力的→infected adj.受(有害细菌、病毒等)感染的
severe
frustrated
contradictory
infection
5. vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)→subscription n.(报刊等的)订阅费,(定期)服务费;订阅;订购→subscriber n.订阅人,订购者;消费者;用户;定期捐助者
6. n.证据;证明;检验→prove v.证明;证实;最终显现为
7. adj.数量多的;多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘;繁殖;增殖
8. vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任;猜想,认为(某事有可能) n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象→suspicion n.怀疑,嫌疑→suspicious n.怀疑的;感觉可疑的→ suspected adj.疑似的,被怀疑的
subscribe
proof
multiple
suspect
9. n.介入;出面;干涉→intervene vi.干扰;介入
10. adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→purely adv.完全地→purify vt.净化;使(某物)洁净
11. vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变→transformation n.(彻底的)变化,转变,改革
12. adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→initially adv.起初;开始时
intervention
pure
transform
initial
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.die from　　　　　　　　　
2.attend to
3.once and for all
4.in general
5.subscribe to
6.be determined to do...
死于
关怀;照料;处理
最终地;彻底地
一般而言
同意;赞同
决心做……
7.find out
8.be to blame
9.as a result of
10.be likely to do...
11.tireless efforts
12.thanks to
弄明白;查清楚
对(坏事)负有责任
由于
很可能做……
不懈的努力
幸亏;由于
重点句型
1.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,
.(until引导的时间状语从句)
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
2.As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew
.(“疑问词+不定式”结构)
由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰·斯诺医生感到很沮丧。
until a
British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome
how to prevent or treat cholera
3.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was
more than 500 people died in ten days.(so...that...引导结果状语从句)
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
4.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places
.(where引导的定语从句)
斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。
so severe that
where all those who
died had lived
5. so much that she every day.(It seemed that...;“have sth done”)
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水,每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump
had it delivered to her house
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——科学与科学家。
2.语篇类型:记叙文。
3.课文内容分析:
1854年,伦敦霍乱流行,斯诺通过研究霍乱病死者的日常生活情况,发现了霍乱与饮用不洁净水的关系。在他的呼吁下,饮用水公司开始出售洁净水,有效制止了霍乱的流行。阅读本文,有利于帮助学生理解质疑精神的意义,学会批判性地思考,形成自己的观点与看法。
多维解读·浅析结构
feared
frustrated
desire
marked
handle
decreased
maps
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.Which of the following did John Snow think was the most important to defeat a disease
A.Finding its harm. B.Finding its cure.
C.Finding its cause. D.Finding its result.
(　　)2.What can we learn from the passage
A.Both Broad Street and Cambridge Street had multiple deaths.
B.Polluted water was a main reason for spreading cholera.
C.Cholera spread through air.
D.John Snow found the cause of cholera by accident.
C
B
(　　)3.Which words can best describe John Snow’s way of defeating “King Cholera”
A.Creative but not lasting. B.Smart and effective.
C.New but useless. D.Confusing and complex.
(　　)4.What’s the main idea of this passage
A.The cause of cholera was polluted water.
B.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
C.The source of all drinking water should be examined.
D.How John Snow defeated “King Cholera”.
B
D
(　　)5.Where does this passage probably come from
A.A newspaper.
B.A medical report.
C.A book review.
D.A TV interview.
A
二次开发·深研课文
　　John Snow was a famous doctor in London in the 19th century.He was 1.　 　 expert that he attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However,he was 2.　　 　　 (frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera,one of the 3.　　 　　 (severe) diseases in the world.At that time,there were two contradictory 4.　　　 　 (theory) to explain how cholera spread.One was that bad air caused the disease.But John Snow subscribed 5.　　　　 the other that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
so
frustrated
severest
theories
to
6.　 　　　　 (consequent),when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854,Snow began to investigate.He marked on a map the exact places
7.　 　　　 all those who died had lived.With the help of the map,he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and he suspected that the water pump was 8.　　　　 　 (blame).So he had the handle of the pump 9.　　 　 (remove) so that it could not be used.Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.By using maps and statistics,Snow
10.　 　　　 (transform) the way scientists study diseases.For this reason,Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
Consequently
where
to blame
removed
transformed
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)
·subscriber n.订阅人,订购者;消费者;用户;定期捐助者
·subscription n.(报刊等的)订阅费,(定期)服务费;订阅;订购
[教材原句] Snow subscribed to the second theory.
斯诺赞同第二种看法。
例 To get monthly green tips,subscribe to our environmental awareness service.
想要每月获取绿色小贴士,就订购我们的环保意识服务。
例 I hold a firm belief that we should subscribe to eco-friendly practices to protect our planet better.
我坚决认为我们应秉持环保做法,从而更好地保护我们的星球。
归纳拓展
subscribe to 同意;赞成;定期订购(或订阅等);定期交纳(会员费);定期(向慈善机构)捐款;定期捐助;申请;预订;报名
[语境运用] 写出下面加粗短语的意思
I subscribe to an English learning magazine every month and sign the library’s usage agreement.I fully subscribe to green transport and am even willing to subscribe to related environmental protection activities.
我每月都 　　　　英语学习杂志,还签署图书馆的使用协议。对于绿色交通,我完全 　　 　　,甚至愿意 　　 　　相关环保活动。
订阅
同意;赞同
定期捐助
2.suspect vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任;猜想,认为(某事有可能) n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
·suspicion n.怀疑;嫌疑
·suspicious adj.怀疑的;感觉可疑的
·suspected adj.疑似的,被怀疑的
[教材原句] Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
例 (应用文写作之演讲稿)I suspect that as long as I stick to my dream,no matter how many difficulties I encounter,I will always find the strength to move forward.
我觉得,只要我坚持自己的梦想,无论遇到多少困难,我总能找到前行的力量。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)She stared at the broken music box,a wave of sadness washing over her and tears filling her eyes,suspecting her little brother of breaking it.
她凝视着那个摔坏的音乐盒,一股悲伤涌上心头,泪水噙满了眼眶,她怀疑是弟弟把它弄坏了。
归纳拓展
·suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做过)某事
suspect sb/sth to be/have...怀疑某人/ 某物是……
suspect that+从句 怀疑……;觉得……
·under suspicion 有嫌疑;涉嫌
·be suspicious of/about sb/sth 对某人/某事感觉可疑/怀疑
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He was under 　　　 　(suspect) of breaking the glass.
They became 　　 　　(suspect) of his behaviour and contacted the police.
(应用文写作之人物描写)我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师,他/她从不怀疑我们会实现自己的梦想。
The person I respect most is my English teacher,who
　.
suspicion
suspicious
never suspects that we
can achieve our dreams
语境串词
Last week,Tom was suspected of breaking the window,but Lisa had a suspicion that he was innocent.She found suspicious footprints and proved Tom’s innocence.Everyone learnt not to suspect others of doing wrong without evidence.
上周,汤姆被怀疑打碎了窗户,但莉萨认为他是无辜的。她找到了可疑的脚印,证明了汤姆的清白。所有人都认识到,不能没有证据就怀疑别人做错事。
3.blame vt.把……归咎于; 责怪; 指责n.责备; 指责
[教材原句] Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
例 (应用文写作之演讲稿)We should reflect on ourselves rather than blame others for not giving us enough support.
我们应该自我反思,而不是责备他人没有给予我们足够的支持。
例 (读后续写之情感描写)When the team lost the game,Tom hung his head, afraid his teammates would put the blame for missing the final shot on him.
球队输掉比赛时,汤姆低下了头,担心队友们会把错失最后一球的责任归咎于他。
归纳拓展
·be to blame (for sth) (对某事)负有责任;应受责备
be blamed for (sth) (因某事)被责备
blame sb for sth因某事责备某人;把某事归咎于某人
blame sth on sb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某事
·put/lay the blame for sth on sb将某事归咎于某人
take the blame for sth承担某事的责任
温馨提示
“be to blame (for sth)”中的“to blame”是主动形式表被动含义,核心是“主语本身应承担责任”。该短语中的blame不能用被动形式,结构上不接by短语
(若接,则需用“be blamed by”结构)。如:
He is to blame for the accident because of his carelessness.
因为他的粗心,他应对这起事故负责。
温馨提示
“be blamed for (sth)”是“be+过去分词”构成的被动语态,核心是“主语被他人责备”,动作执行者可通过“by+名词/代词”引出,强调被动承受责备的动
作。如:
He was blamed for being late again (by the teacher).
他因再次迟到而受到(老师的)责备。
前者强调责任归属,后者强调被动动作。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Don’t always blame your failure 　 　 others; that is to say,you shouldn’t always blame others 　　　　 your failure.
To tell the truth,he was not 　 　　　 (blame) for the unfinished report.
(读后续写之情感描写)因篮球比赛失败而受到责备,蒂姆陷入悲伤中。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,Tim was seized/overwhelmed by sadness.
on
for
to blame
Blamed for losing the basketball game
4.link n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联
[教材原句] Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
此外,斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。
例 It’s not just a structure but a bridge linking our past to/with future, perfectly representing human achievements.
它不只是一座建筑,更是连接我们过去与未来的桥梁,完美彰显了人类的成就。
例 (应用文写作之活动介绍)We linked up with them for a charity concert last month.
上个月我们与他们联合举办了一场慈善音乐会。
归纳拓展
·link...to/with将……和……连接起来/联系起来
be linked to/with...被连接到……;与……相关联
link up (with...) (与……)连接,结合
·a link between...and...……与……之间的联系
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之传统文化)People often link the Spring Festival 　　　　 reunion.
(应用文写作之倡议书)There is no denying that there is a close link between reducing plastic use 　　　　 keeping oceans clean.
(话题写作之健康的生活方式)健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
Health problems
　.
to/with
and
are closely linked to/with bad eating habits and a lack of
exercise
We’re planning to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(与其他学校联合) to organise a regional debate competition.
link up with other schools
5.decrease n.减少;降低;减少量
vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
decreasing adj.逐渐减少的;不断降低的
[教材原句] Through Snow’s tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
经过斯诺的不懈努力,饮用水公司开始出售洁净水,世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅减少。
例 The use of fossil fuels is on the decrease as renewable energy becomes more accessible.
随着可再生能源的普及,化石燃料的使用正在减少。
例 (应用文写作之报道)In our school,the amount of waste paper has decreased from 20 kg to 8 kg per week since we started recycling.
在我们学校,自从我们开展回收以来,每周的废纸量已从20千克减少到8千克。
例 This species of bird is decreasing in number every year.
这种鸟的数量在逐年减少。
归纳拓展
·on the decrease在减少
·a decrease in...……的减少
·decrease (from...) to...(从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量)
decrease by...减少了……(表示减少的量)
decrease in...在……方面减少
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I’ve noticed that the number of students wearing glasses in our class is
　　　　 the decrease.
There has been a clear decrease 　　　 the number of plastic bags used in our community,and the consumption of plastic bags has decreased 　　 30% since the campaign started.
The number of students participating in the extracurricular club
(从去年的30人减少到了今年的20人).
on
in
by
has decreased from 30 last year to 20 this year
重点句式
“疑问词+不定式”结构
[教材原句] As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰·斯诺医生感到很沮丧。
例 My hand trembled as I knocked,unsure of what to expect.
我敲门时手在发抖,心里不确定会发生什么。
例 (话题写作之家庭生活)Where to spend the summer vacation is something many families need to consider.
去哪里过暑假是许多家庭需要考虑的事情。
归纳拓展
·常见的特殊疑问词:疑问代词who、what、which等和疑问副词how、when、where等。
·语法功能:该结构相当于名词性从句,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时,谓语动词常用单数)。
·一般用在tell、show、understand、explain、teach、learn、discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时,不定式用主动形式。
温馨提示
whether后可接不定式,而if后不可以。
[语境运用] 完成句子/句型转换
她突然想到了一个好主意,但是她不知道该如何表达出来。
Suddenly a good idea occurred to her,but she didn’t know 　 .
I hesitated for minutes this morning,not sure whether I should take the bus or ride my bike to school.
→I hesitated for minutes this morning,not sure
　　　　　 　 to school.
When we will decorate the house hasn’t been decided.
→　　　　 　　　　　　　　 hasn’t been decided.
how to express it
whether to take the bus or
ride my bike
When to decorate the house
“so...that...”引导结果状语从句
[教材原句] He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
例 I had been so focused on keeping the party under control that I failed to consider how important Toby was to my brother during this difficult time.
我当时一门心思忙着维持聚会的秩序,却没考虑到在这段艰难的时期,托比对我弟弟来说有多重要。
例 He bought me so interesting a novel that I finished reading it in just one day.
他给我买了一本如此有趣的小说,以至于我一天之内就把它读完了。
[归纳拓展]
温馨提示
little表示“少”时用so修饰,但表示“小”时用such修饰。
It is normal for such little boys to eat so little food.
这么小的男孩吃这么少的食物是正常的。
[语境运用] 一句多译/句型转换
(读后续写之心理描写)她因为突如其来的消息而兴奋得头脑一片空白,以至于一句话也说不出来。
→She was 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 her mind went blank, unable to say a single word.
→　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 her mind went blank, unable to say a single word.(倒装语序)
so excited by the sudden news that
So excited was she by the sudden news that
The school’s new sports field is a great place and students often play there after class.
→The school’s new sports field is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 students often play there after class.(用so...that...改写)
→The school’s new sports field is 　　　　　　　　　　　 students often play there after class.(用such...that...改写)
so great a place that
such a great place that
长难句分析
[教材原句] He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
尝试分析:本句为复合句。 为that引导的宾语从句; 为“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句。
自主翻译:他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
[语境运用] 情境写作
我意识到我们共度的那一天是如此难忘,以至于它将永远留在我的记忆里。
I realised that the day we spent together was so unforgettable that it would stay in my memory forever.
语法微专题1
表语从句
语法原句再现
One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
仔细观察上面的句子有什么特点,思考一下加粗部分在句中的作用。
语法知识点拨
表语从句的含义
在主从复合句中充当表语的从句,叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后,对主语进行解释、说明,使主语的内容具体化,说明主语是什么或者怎么样。可连接表语从句的系动词有be、look、remain、seem、sound、appear等。表语从句要用陈述语气。
表语从句的连接词有从属连词、连接代词与连接副词。
一、表语从句的连接词
(一)从属连词that、whether、because、as if/though等引导的表语从句
1.that引导的表语从句,that在从句中不作任何成分,没有任何意义,但不可
省略。
What really matters is that we can stay together and support each other when facing difficulties.
真正重要的是,在遇到困难时我们能团结在一起、互相支持。
2.whether引导的表语从句,意为“是否”。但if不能引导表语从句。
My main concern now is whether I can manage to finish all the homework before the weekend.
我目前主要担心的是自己能否在周末前设法完成所有作业。
3.because引导的表语从句,说明主语所表示的事件发生的原因,意为“因为”。
He felt a wave of sorrow washing over him,which was because his best friend had forgotten his birthday.
他感到一阵悲伤涌上心头,这是因为他最好的朋友忘了他的生日。
4.as if/though引导的表语从句,若从句表示有明显迹象的确要发生,或可能被设想为事实的时候,可用陈述语气;若从句表示的情况发生的可能性比较小或与事实相反的时候,常用虚拟语气。
Look at the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain.
看看天空!看来天要下雨了。
The storm is so huge and it looks as if the world were coming to an end.
风暴如此之大,看起来就好像世界末日即将来临。
[语境运用] 用适当的连接词填空
The reason why he persists in exercising is 　　　　 he believes a healthy body is the foundation for achieving dreams.
His biggest doubt now is 　 　　　 he can adapt to the new school environment quickly.
The sports meeting was canceled and it is 　　 　　 the heavy rain made the playground too wet to use.
It looks 　　　　　　　 it is going to rain soon,with dark clouds covering the sky.
that
whether
because
as if/though
(二)连接代词who(ever)、whom(ever)、whose、what(ever)、which(ever)等引导的表语从句
该类连接词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
“A good night’s sleep is what you need,” he said firmly.
“好好睡上一晚才是你需要的。”他坚定地说。
Friend is who can give you strength at last.
朋友,是在最后可以给你力量的人。
The little girl believes that the best gift for her friend is whatever comes from her true heart.
小女孩认为,给朋友最好的礼物,是任何出自真心实意的东西。
[语境运用] 用适当的连接词填空
Actually,the young can be 　 　　　 they want to be,whether it is a pilot,an astronaut,or a manager.
This is 　　　　 we have been looking forward to for years.
To tell the truth,what I want to know is 　　　　 words are helpful.
The leader should be 　　 　　 can lead the team to success.
what/whatever
what
whose
whoever
(三)连接副词when、where、why、how等引导的表语从句
以上连接副词引导表语从句时,除在句中起连接作用外,在从句中往往作状语(时间、地点、原因、方式等)。
The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.
我们上一次参观水上公园的时候玩得很开心。
Sara was caught in a traffic jam this morning.That is why she was late for work.
萨拉今天早上遇到了交通堵塞,那就是她上班迟到的原因。
The biggest challenge for new students is how they can quickly make friends and blend into the class.
新生面临的最大挑战是如何快速交到朋友并融入班级。
温馨提示
①表语从句采用陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语”。
②why和because都可引导表语从句,前者强调结果,常构成“that’s why...”句式,意为“那是……的原因”;后者强调原因,常构成“that’s because...”句式,意为“那是因为……”。“The reason why...is that...”中,why引导的是定语从句, that引导的是表语从句,意为“……的原因是……”。
I didn’t phone her,and that’s why she got angry with me.
我没有给她打电话,那就是她生我气的原因。(强调生气这一结果)
温馨提示
I didn’t phone her,and that’s because I got angry with her.
我没有给她打电话,那是因为我生她的气了。(强调没打电话的原因)
The reason why she is so popular among her classmates is that she is always ready to help others.
她在同学中很受欢迎的原因是她总是乐于助人。
③reason作主语或主语中包含事件的起因,后面的表语从句表示原因时,要用that来引导,而不是because。
[语境运用] 用适当的连接词填空
We decided to study at the library,that’s 　　　 　 we didn’t go to the party.
What’s surprising is 　　　　 quickly he mastered the new language.
If you often feel tired and can’t focus your attention,that is 　　　　 you have to stop working too hard and to have a rest.
Go and get your coat.It’s 　　　　 you left it.
why
how
when
where
二、表语从句中的虚拟语气
1.在表语从句中,表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等时,主句中的主语通常是advice、suggestion、proposal、request、order、idea等,从句谓语动词形式是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
My advice is that you(should) practise speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。
His proposal is that the school library (should) extend its opening hours at weekends.
他的提议是学校图书馆应该在周末延长开放时间。
2.在as if/though引导的表语从句中,当说话者认为所述不是事实或发生的可能性不大时,从句用虚拟语气。若表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were);若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用过去完成时;若表示与将来事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用“would/ could/might+动词原形”。
We felt a slight cold in such a summer day and it seems as if it were autumn.
在这样一个夏日里,我们却感到了一丝凉意,仿佛此刻已是秋天。
She appeared as if she had known nothing about it.
她看上去对此一无所知。
[语境运用] 完成句子
My suggestion is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我们应该建立一个阅读俱乐部) to encourage students to read more books.
Our request is
(老师能多给我们布置一些实践练习) to help us master the grammar points.
It looks as if 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(这栋老房子是个博物馆).
that we (should) establish a reading club
that the teacher(should) give us more practical exercises
this old house were a museum
真题体验
1.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)I’m a coach,an adviser,and a comforter,and that’s
　　　　 it means to be a hospital teacher.
what
答案及剖析:
1.what　考查表语从句。分析结构可知,表语从句缺少means的宾语,用what引导,意为“这就是作为一名医院教师的意义”。故填what。
2.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do,but that’s not really 　　　　 it is here.
what
答案及剖析:
2.what　考查表语从句。分析结构可知,此处是表语从句,从句缺少is后的表语,再根据句意“但实际情况并非如此”可知,应用what引导。故填what。
3.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is 　　　　 the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.
that
答案及剖析:
3.that　考查表语从句。分析结构可知,is后是表语从句,从句不缺少句子成分,引导词没有含义,用that引导。故填that。
4.(2024·浙江1月卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities,that’s 　　　　　 they’ll promote.But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
what
答案及剖析:
4.what　考查表语从句。表语从句中缺少宾语promote,且是指事物“他们将推广的内容”,所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.Mum appeared as if she 　　 　　(see) nothing about it.
2.The third section of the newspaper is 　　　 　 we can know something about science and technology.
3.The reason why I made so much progress was 　　　 your encouragement played an important role in my study.
4.The doctor’s recommendation is that I 　　 　　(take) a rest.
5.The question we are faced with now is 　 　　　 we have to make a decision at once or not.
had seen
where
that
(should) take
whether
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.我们的请求是导游能放慢行程节奏,让我们有更多时间游览每个景点。
Our request is 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,so we can have more time to visit each scenic spot.
2.这支徒步小组现在最大的问题是,下雨前能在哪里搭帐篷。
The biggest problem for the hiking group now is 　
before the rain starts.
that the tour guide (should) slow down the schedule pace
where they can set up tents
3.我想知道的是你何时能完成任务。
What I want to know is 　.
4.看起来将会遇到很多困难。
　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 there are going to be a lot of difficulties.
5.所有的窗户都打开了,这就是如此冷的原因。
All the windows are open and that’s 　　　　　　 　　.
when you can finish the task
It looks/seems/appears as if/though
why it is so cold
Ⅲ.语篇填空
The Future of Smart Classrooms
The big question about smart classrooms today is 1.　　　　 they can really improve students’ learning.The truth is 2.　　　　 technology itself isn’t the key—how we use it matters more.One reason students love smart whiteboards is 3.　　　　 they make boring lessons lively with videos.
whether
that
that
Many wonder why some schools still don’t use them.The answer is
4.　　　　 most people don’t notice: not all schools have enough money for good devices.Teachers also ask how to balance technology and traditional teaching.They often discuss 5.　　　　 is the best time to use apps in class, and 6.　 　　　 to get reliable educational software.
Sometimes,it feels 7.　　　 　 if we’re trying too hard to chase new technology.But the most important thing is 8.　　　　 helps students think independently.Smart classrooms should be tools,not the centre of learning.
what
when
where/how
as
whatever[词汇串记·语段感知]
　　Scientists recently made an outstanding finding about fighting virus infections.They long suspected a link between a special germ and lower infection risks but had no clear proof.Thanks to careful tests,they got strong evidence finally.Statistics show this germ can stop the virus from spreading in cells.This discovery not only confirms their guess but also gives new ideas for preventing infections,bringing hope to public health.
科学家近期在对抗病毒感染方面取得了一项了不起的发现。长期以来,他们怀疑某种特殊细菌与降低感染风险之间存在关联,却一直缺乏明确证据。多亏了细致的实验,他们终于获得了有力证据。统计数字显示,这种细菌能够阻止病毒在细胞内扩散。这一发现不仅证实了他们此前的猜想,还为预防感染提供了新思路,为公共健康带来了希望。
Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
写作词汇
1.household　　 n.一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人
2.blame vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责
n.责备;指责
3.handle n.把手;拉手;柄
vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
4.link n.联系;纽带
vt.把……连接起来;相关联
5.raw adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的
6.substantial adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的
7.decrease n.减少;降低;减少量
vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
8.statistic n.[pl.-s] 统计数字;统计资料;统计学
9.thinking n.思想;思维;见解
10.virus n.病毒
11.finding n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决
12.solid adj.可靠的;固体的;坚实的
n.固体
阅读词汇
1.cholera　　　　 n.霍乱
2.diarrhoea(NAmE diarrhea)
n.腹泻
3.dehydration n.脱水
4.germ n.微生物;细菌;病菌
5.pump n.泵;抽水机;打气筒
6.epidemiology n.流行病学
7.microscope n.显微镜
8.protein n.蛋白质
9.cell n.细胞;小房间;单间牢房
10.vaccine n.疫苗
11.framework n.框架;结构
拓展词汇
1.severe adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的→severely adv.十分严重地;严肃地;严厉地
2.frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→frustration n.沮丧;挫败→ frustrating adj.令人沮丧的;令人懊恼的
3.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的→contradict vt.反驳;相矛盾→contradiction n.矛盾;反驳
4.infection n.感染;传染→infect vt.使感染;传染→infectious adj.感染的;传染性的;有感染力的→infected adj.受(有害细菌、病毒等)感染的
5.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)→subscription n.(报刊等的)订阅费,(定期)服务费;订阅;订购→subscriber n.订阅人,订购者;消费者;用户;定期捐助者
6.proof n.证据;证明;检验→prove v.证明;证实;最终显现为
7.multiple adj.数量多的;多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘;繁殖;增殖
8.suspect vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任;猜想,认为(某事有可能) n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象→suspicion n.怀疑,嫌疑→suspicious n.怀疑的;感觉可疑的→suspected adj.疑似的,被怀疑的
9.intervention n.介入;出面;干涉→intervene vi.干扰;介入
10.pure adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→purely adv.完全地→purify vt.净化;使(某物)洁净
11.transform vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变→transformation n.(彻底的)变化,转变,改革
12.initial adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→initially adv.起初;开始时
重点词块
1.die from　　　　　　　　　 死于
2.attend to 关怀;照料;处理
3.once and for all 最终地;彻底地
4.in general 一般而言
5.subscribe to 同意;赞同
6.be determined to do... 决心做……
7.find out 弄明白;查清楚
8.be to blame 对(坏事)负有责任
9.as a result of 由于
10.be likely to do... 很可能做……
11.tireless efforts 不懈的努力
12.thanks to 幸亏;由于
重点句型
1.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome.(until引导的时间状语从句)
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
2.As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(“疑问词+不定式”结构)
由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰·斯诺医生感到很沮丧。
3.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(so...that...引导结果状语从句)
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
4.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.(where引导的定语从句)
斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。
5.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(It seemed that...;“have sth done”)
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水,每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——科学与科学家。
2.语篇类型:记叙文。
3.课文内容分析:
1854年,伦敦霍乱流行,斯诺通过研究霍乱病死者的日常生活情况,发现了霍乱与饮用不洁净水的关系。在他的呼吁下,饮用水公司开始出售洁净水,有效制止了霍乱的流行。阅读本文,有利于帮助学生理解质疑精神的意义,学会批判性地思考,形成自己的观点与看法。
多维解读·浅析结构
答案:1.feared　2.frustrated　3.desire　4.marked　5.handle　6.decreased　7.maps
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.Which of the following did John Snow think was the most important to defeat a disease
A.Finding its harm. B.Finding its cure.
C.Finding its cause. D.Finding its result.
(　　)2.What can we learn from the passage
A.Both Broad Street and Cambridge Street had multiple deaths.
B.Polluted water was a main reason for spreading cholera.
C.Cholera spread through air.
D.John Snow found the cause of cholera by accident.
(　　)3.Which words can best describe John Snow’s way of defeating “King Cholera”
A.Creative but not lasting. B.Smart and effective.
C.New but useless. D.Confusing and complex.
(　　)4.What’s the main idea of this passage
A.The cause of cholera was polluted water.
B.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
C.The source of all drinking water should be examined.
D.How John Snow defeated “King Cholera”.
(　　)5.Where does this passage probably come from
A.A newspaper. B.A medical report.
C.A book review. D.A TV interview.
答案:1.C　2.B　3.B　4.D　5.A
二次开发·深研课文
　　John Snow was a famous doctor in London in the 19th century.He was 1.　　　　 expert that he attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.However,he was 2.　　　　 (frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera,one of the 3.　　　　 (severe) diseases in the world.At that time,there were two contradictory 4.　　　　 (theory) to explain how cholera spread.One was that bad air caused the disease.But John Snow subscribed 5.　　　　 the other that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.6.　　　　　 (consequent), when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854,Snow began to investigate.He marked on a map the exact places 7.　　　　 all those who died had lived.With the help of the map,he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and he suspected that the water pump was 8.　　　　　　　　 (blame).So he had the handle of the pump 9.　　 　　(remove) so that it could not be used. Through this intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks.By using maps and statistics,Snow 10.　　　　 (transform) the way scientists study diseases.For this reason,Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
答案:1.so　2.frustrated　3.severest　4.theories　5.to　6.Consequently　7.where　8.to blame　9.removed　10.transformed
1.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)
·subscriber n.订阅人,订购者;消费者;用户;定期捐助者
·subscription n.(报刊等的)订阅费,(定期)服务费;订阅;订购
[教材原句] Snow subscribed to the second theory.
斯诺赞同第二种看法。
例 To get monthly green tips,subscribe to our environmental awareness service.
想要每月获取绿色小贴士,就订购我们的环保意识服务。
例 I hold a firm belief that we should subscribe to eco-friendly practices to protect our planet better.
我坚决认为我们应秉持环保做法,从而更好地保护我们的星球。
归纳拓展 subscribe to 同意;赞成;定期订购(或订阅等);定期交纳(会员费);定期(向慈善机构)捐款;定期捐助;申请;预订;报名
[语境运用] 写出下面加粗短语的意思
I subscribe to an English learning magazine every month and sign the library’s usage agreement.I fully subscribe to green transport and am even willing to subscribe to related environmental protection activities.
我每月都 　　　　英语学习杂志,还签署图书馆的使用协议。对于绿色交通,我完全 　　　　,甚至愿意 　　　　相关环保活动。
答案: 订阅　 同意;赞同　 定期捐助
2.suspect vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任;猜想,认为(某事有可能) n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
·suspicion n.怀疑;嫌疑
·suspicious adj.怀疑的;感觉可疑的
·suspected adj.疑似的,被怀疑的
[教材原句] Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
例 (应用文写作之演讲稿)I suspect that as long as I stick to my dream,no matter how many difficulties I encounter,I will always find the strength to move forward.
我觉得,只要我坚持自己的梦想,无论遇到多少困难,我总能找到前行的力量。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)She stared at the broken music box,a wave of sadness washing over her and tears filling her eyes,suspecting her little brother of breaking it.
她凝视着那个摔坏的音乐盒,一股悲伤涌上心头,泪水噙满了眼眶,她怀疑是弟弟把它弄坏了。
归纳拓展 ·suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做过)某事 suspect sb/sth to be/have...怀疑某人/ 某物是…… suspect that+从句 怀疑……;觉得…… ·under suspicion 有嫌疑;涉嫌 ·be suspicious of/about sb/sth 对某人/某事感觉可疑/怀疑
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He was under 　　　　(suspect) of breaking the glass.
They became 　　　　(suspect) of his behaviour and contacted the police.
(应用文写作之人物描写)我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师,他/她从不怀疑我们会实现自己的梦想。
The person I respect most is my English teacher,who 　.
答案: suspicion　 suspicious　 never suspects that we can achieve our dreams
Last week,Tom was suspected of breaking the window,but Lisa had a suspicion that he was innocent.She found suspicious footprints and proved Tom’s innocence.Everyone learnt not to suspect others of doing wrong without evidence.
上周,汤姆被怀疑打碎了窗户,但莉萨认为他是无辜的。她找到了可疑的脚印,证明了汤姆的清白。所有人都认识到,不能没有证据就怀疑别人做错事。
3.blame vt.把……归咎于; 责怪; 指责n.责备; 指责
[教材原句] Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
例 (应用文写作之演讲稿)We should reflect on ourselves rather than blame others for not giving us enough support.
我们应该自我反思,而不是责备他人没有给予我们足够的支持。
例 (读后续写之情感描写)When the team lost the game,Tom hung his head,afraid his teammates would put the blame for missing the final shot on him.
球队输掉比赛时,汤姆低下了头,担心队友们会把错失最后一球的责任归咎于他。
归纳拓展 ·be to blame (for sth) (对某事)负有责任;应受责备 be blamed for (sth) (因某事)被责备 blame sb for sth因某事责备某人;把某事归咎于某人 blame sth on sb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某事 ·put/lay the blame for sth on sb将某事归咎于某人 take the blame for sth承担某事的责任
“be to blame (for sth)”中的“to blame”是主动形式表被动含义,核心是“主语本身应承担责任”。该短语中的blame不能用被动形式,结构上不接by短语(若接,则需用“be blamed by”结构)。如:
He is to blame for the accident because of his carelessness.
因为他的粗心,他应对这起事故负责。
“be blamed for (sth)”是“be+过去分词”构成的被动语态,核心是“主语被他人责备”,动作执行者可通过“by+名词/代词”引出,强调被动承受责备的动作。如:
He was blamed for being late again (by the teacher).
他因再次迟到而受到(老师的)责备。
前者强调责任归属,后者强调被动动作。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Don’t always blame your failure 　　　　 others; that is to say,you shouldn’t always blame others 　　　　 your failure.
To tell the truth,he was not 　　　　 (blame) for the unfinished report.
(读后续写之情感描写)因篮球比赛失败而受到责备,蒂姆陷入悲伤中。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,Tim was seized/overwhelmed by sadness.
答案: on;for　 to blame　 Blamed for losing the basketball game
4.link n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联
[教材原句] Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
此外,斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。
例 It’s not just a structure but a bridge linking our past to/with future,perfectly representing human achievements.
它不只是一座建筑,更是连接我们过去与未来的桥梁,完美彰显了人类的成就。
例 (应用文写作之活动介绍)We linked up with them for a charity concert last month.
上个月我们与他们联合举办了一场慈善音乐会。
归纳拓展 ·link...to/with将……和……连接起来/联系起来 be linked to/with...被连接到……;与……相关联 link up (with...) (与……)连接,结合 ·a link between...and...……与……之间的联系
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之传统文化)People often link the Spring Festival 　　　　 reunion.
(应用文写作之倡议书)There is no denying that there is a close link between reducing plastic use 　　　　 keeping oceans clean.
(话题写作之健康的生活方式)健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
Health problems 　.
We’re planning to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(与其他学校联合) to organise a regional debate competition.
答案: to/with　 and　 are closely linked to/with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise　 link up with other schools
5.decrease n.减少;降低;减少量
vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
decreasing adj.逐渐减少的;不断降低的
[教材原句] Through Snow’s tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
经过斯诺的不懈努力,饮用水公司开始出售洁净水,世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅减少。
例 The use of fossil fuels is on the decrease as renewable energy becomes more accessible.
随着可再生能源的普及,化石燃料的使用正在减少。
例 (应用文写作之报道)In our school,the amount of waste paper has decreased from 20 kg to 8 kg per week since we started recycling.
在我们学校,自从我们开展回收以来,每周的废纸量已从20千克减少到8千克。
例 This species of bird is decreasing in number every year.
这种鸟的数量在逐年减少。
归纳拓展 ·on the decrease在减少 ·a decrease in...……的减少 ·decrease (from...) to...(从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量) decrease by...减少了……(表示减少的量) decrease in...在……方面减少
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I’ve noticed that the number of students wearing glasses in our class is 　　　　 the decrease.
There has been a clear decrease 　　　　 the number of plastic bags used in our community,and the consumption of plastic bags has decreased 　　　　 30% since the campaign started.
The number of students participating in the extracurricular club
(从去年的30人减少到了今年的20人).
答案: on　 in;by　 has decreased from 30 last year to 20 this year
“疑问词+不定式”结构
[教材原句] As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰·斯诺医生感到很沮丧。
例 My hand trembled as I knocked,unsure of what to expect.
我敲门时手在发抖,心里不确定会发生什么。
例 (话题写作之家庭生活)Where to spend the summer vacation is something many families need to consider.
去哪里过暑假是许多家庭需要考虑的事情。
归纳拓展 ·常见的特殊疑问词:疑问代词who、what、which等和疑问副词how、when、where等。 ·语法功能:该结构相当于名词性从句,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时,谓语动词常用单数)。 ·一般用在tell、show、understand、explain、teach、learn、discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时,不定式用主动形式。
whether后可接不定式,而if后不可以。
[语境运用] 完成句子/句型转换
她突然想到了一个好主意,但是她不知道该如何表达出来。
Suddenly a good idea occurred to her,but she didn’t know 　.
I hesitated for minutes this morning,not sure whether I should take the bus or ride my bike to school.
→I hesitated for minutes this morning,not sure 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to school.
When we will decorate the house hasn’t been decided.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　 hasn’t been decided.
答案: how to express it　 whether to take the bus or ride my bike　 When to decorate the house
“so...that...”引导结果状语从句
[教材原句] He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
例 I had been so focused on keeping the party under control that I failed to consider how important Toby was to my brother during this difficult time.
我当时一门心思忙着维持聚会的秩序,却没考虑到在这段艰难的时期,托比对我弟弟来说有多重要。
例 He bought me so interesting a novel that I finished reading it in just one day.
他给我买了一本如此有趣的小说,以至于我一天之内就把它读完了。
[归纳拓展]
little表示“少”时用so修饰,但表示“小”时用such修饰。
It is normal for such little boys to eat so little food.
这么小的男孩吃这么少的食物是正常的。
[语境运用] 一句多译/句型转换
(读后续写之心理描写)她因为突如其来的消息而兴奋得头脑一片空白,以至于一句话也说不出来。
→She was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 her mind went blank,unable to say a single word.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 her mind went blank,unable to say a single word.(倒装语序)
The school’s new sports field is a great place and students often play there after class.
→The school’s new sports field is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 students often play there after class.(用so...that...改写)
→The school’s new sports field is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 students often play there after class.(用such...that...改写)
答案: so excited by the sudden news that;So excited was she by the sudden news that　 so great a place that;such a great place that
[教材原句] He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
尝试分析:本句为复合句。 为that引导的宾语从句; 为“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句。
自主翻译:他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
[语境运用] 情境写作
我意识到我们共度的那一天是如此难忘,以至于它将永远留在我的记忆里。
I realised that the day we spent together was so unforgettable that it would stay in my memory forever.
语法微专题1　表语从句
One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
　　仔细观察上面的句子有什么特点,思考一下加粗部分在句中的作用。
表语从句的含义
　　在主从复合句中充当表语的从句,叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后,对主语进行解释、说明,使主语的内容具体化,说明主语是什么或者怎么样。可连接表语从句的系动词有be、look、remain、seem、sound、appear等。表语从句要用陈述语气。
表语从句的连接词有从属连词、连接代词与连接副词。
一、表语从句的连接词
(一)从属连词that、whether、because、as if/though等引导的表语从句
1.that引导的表语从句,that在从句中不作任何成分,没有任何意义,但不可省略。
What really matters is that we can stay together and support each other when facing difficulties.
真正重要的是,在遇到困难时我们能团结在一起、互相支持。
2.whether引导的表语从句,意为“是否”。但if不能引导表语从句。
My main concern now is whether I can manage to finish all the homework before the weekend.
我目前主要担心的是自己能否在周末前设法完成所有作业。
3.because引导的表语从句,说明主语所表示的事件发生的原因,意为“因为”。
He felt a wave of sorrow washing over him,which was because his best friend had forgotten his birthday.
他感到一阵悲伤涌上心头,这是因为他最好的朋友忘了他的生日。
4.as if/though引导的表语从句,若从句表示有明显迹象的确要发生,或可能被设想为事实的时候,可用陈述语气;若从句表示的情况发生的可能性比较小或与事实相反的时候,常用虚拟
语气。
Look at the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain.
看看天空!看来天要下雨了。
The storm is so huge and it looks as if the world were coming to an end.
风暴如此之大,看起来就好像世界末日即将来临。
[语境运用] 用适当的连接词填空
The reason why he persists in exercising is 　　　　 he believes a healthy body is the foundation for achieving dreams.
His biggest doubt now is 　　　　 he can adapt to the new school environment quickly.
The sports meeting was canceled and it is 　　　　 the heavy rain made the playground too wet to use.
It looks 　　　　　　　　 it is going to rain soon,with dark clouds covering the sky.
答案: that　 whether　 because　 as if/though
(二)连接代词who(ever)、whom(ever)、whose、what(ever)、which(ever)等引导的表语从句
该类连接词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
“A good night’s sleep is what you need,” he said firmly.
“好好睡上一晚才是你需要的。”他坚定地说。
Friend is who can give you strength at last.
朋友,是在最后可以给你力量的人。
The little girl believes that the best gift for her friend is whatever comes from her true heart.
小女孩认为,给朋友最好的礼物,是任何出自真心实意的东西。
[语境运用] 用适当的连接词填空
Actually,the young can be 　　　　 they want to be,whether it is a pilot,an astronaut,or a manager.
This is 　　　　 we have been looking forward to for years.
To tell the truth,what I want to know is 　　　　 words are helpful.
The leader should be 　　　　 can lead the team to success.
答案: what/whatever　 what　 whose　 whoever
(三)连接副词when、where、why、how等引导的表语从句
以上连接副词引导表语从句时,除在句中起连接作用外,在从句中往往作状语(时间、地点、原因、方式等)。
The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.
我们上一次参观水上公园的时候玩得很开心。
Sara was caught in a traffic jam this morning.That is why she was late for work.
萨拉今天早上遇到了交通堵塞,那就是她上班迟到的原因。
The biggest challenge for new students is how they can quickly make friends and blend into the class.
新生面临的最大挑战是如何快速交到朋友并融入班级。
①表语从句采用陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语”。
②why和because都可引导表语从句,前者强调结果,常构成“that’s why...”句式,意为“那是……的原因”;后者强调原因,常构成“that’s because...”句式,意为“那是因为……”。“The reason why...is that...”中,why引导的是定语从句,that引导的是表语从句,意为“……的原因是……”。
I didn’t phone her,and that’s why she got angry with me.
我没有给她打电话,那就是她生我气的原因。(强调生气这一结果)
I didn’t phone her,and that’s because I got angry with her.
我没有给她打电话,那是因为我生她的气了。(强调没打电话的原因)
The reason why she is so popular among her classmates is that she is always ready to help others.
她在同学中很受欢迎的原因是她总是乐于助人。
③reason作主语或主语中包含事件的起因,后面的表语从句表示原因时,要用that来引导,而不是because。
[语境运用] 用适当的连接词填空
We decided to study at the library,that’s 　　　　 we didn’t go to the party.
What’s surprising is 　　　　 quickly he mastered the new language.
If you often feel tired and can’t focus your attention,that is 　　　　 you have to stop working too hard and to have a rest.
Go and get your coat.It’s 　　　　 you left it.
答案: why　 how　 when　 where
二、表语从句中的虚拟语气
1.在表语从句中,表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等时,主句中的主语通常是advice、suggestion、proposal、request、order、idea等,从句谓语动词形式是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
My advice is that you(should) practise speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。
His proposal is that the school library (should) extend its opening hours at weekends.
他的提议是学校图书馆应该在周末延长开放时间。
2.在as if/though引导的表语从句中,当说话者认为所述不是事实或发生的可能性不大时,从句用虚拟语气。若表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were);若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用过去完成时;若表示与将来事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
We felt a slight cold in such a summer day and it seems as if it were autumn.
在这样一个夏日里,我们却感到了一丝凉意,仿佛此刻已是秋天。
She appeared as if she had known nothing about it.
她看上去对此一无所知。
[语境运用] 完成句子
My suggestion is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我们应该建立一个阅读俱乐部) to encourage students to read more books.
Our request is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(老师能多给我们布置一些实践练习) to help us master the grammar points.
It looks as if 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(这栋老房子是个博物馆).
答案: that we (should) establish a reading club　 that the teacher(should) give us more practical exercises　 this old house were a museum
1.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)I’m a coach,an adviser,and a comforter,and that’s 　　　　 it means to be a hospital teacher.
2.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do,but that’s not really 　　　　 it is here.
3.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is 　　　　 the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.
4.(2024·浙江1月卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities,that’s 　　　　　 they’ll promote.But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
答案及剖析:
1.what　考查表语从句。分析结构可知,表语从句缺少means的宾语,用what引导,意为“这就是作为一名医院教师的意义”。故填what。
2.what　考查表语从句。分析结构可知,此处是表语从句,从句缺少is后的表语,再根据句意“但实际情况并非如此”可知,应用what引导。故填what。
3.that　考查表语从句。分析结构可知,is后是表语从句,从句不缺少句子成分,引导词没有含义,用that引导。故填that。
4.what　考查表语从句。表语从句中缺少宾语promote,且是指事物“他们将推广的内容”,所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.Mum appeared as if she 　　　　(see) nothing about it.
2.The third section of the newspaper is 　　　　 we can know something about science and technology.
3.The reason why I made so much progress was 　　　　 your encouragement played an important role in my study.
4.The doctor’s recommendation is that I 　　　　(take) a rest.
5.The question we are faced with now is 　　　　 we have to make a decision at once or not.
答案:1.had seen　2.where　3.that　4.(should) take　5.whether
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.我们的请求是导游能放慢行程节奏,让我们有更多时间游览每个景点。
Our request is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,so we can have more time to visit each scenic spot.
2.这支徒步小组现在最大的问题是,下雨前能在哪里搭帐篷。
The biggest problem for the hiking group now is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 before the rain starts.
3.我想知道的是你何时能完成任务。
What I want to know is 　.
4.看起来将会遇到很多困难。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 there are going to be a lot of difficulties.
5.所有的窗户都打开了,这就是如此冷的原因。
All the windows are open and that’s 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
答案:1.that the tour guide (should) slow down the schedule pace　2.where they can set up tents
3.when you can finish the task　4.It looks/seems/appears as if/though　5.why it is so cold
Ⅲ.语篇填空
The Future of Smart Classrooms
The big question about smart classrooms today is 1.　　　　 they can really improve students’ learning.The truth is 2.　　　　 technology itself isn’t the key—how we use it matters more.One reason students love smart whiteboards is 3.　　　　 they make boring lessons lively with videos.
Many wonder why some schools still don’t use them.The answer is 4.　　　　 most people don’t notice: not all schools have enough money for good devices.Teachers also ask how to balance technology and traditional teaching.They often discuss 5.　　　　 is the best time to use apps in class,and 6.　　　　 to get reliable educational software.
Sometimes,it feels 7.　　　　 if we’re trying too hard to chase new technology.But the most important thing is 8.　　　　 helps students think independently.Smart classrooms should be tools,not the centre of learning.
答案:1.whether　2.that　3.that　4.what　5.when　6.where/how　7.as　8.whateverUsing Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
写作词汇
1.cast　　　　 vt.投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
2.shadow n.阴影;影子;背光处
3.pour vt.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)
4.outstanding adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的
5.abstract adj.抽象的;理论上的
n.(文献等的)摘要
6.concept n.概念;观念
7.besides prep.除……之外(还)
adv.而且;此外
8.furthermore adv.此外;再者
9.shift n.改变;转换;轮班
vi.& vt.转移;挪动;转向
阅读词汇
1.rainbow　　　 n.彩虹
2.concrete n.混凝土
adj.混凝土制的;确实的;具体的
3.plasma n.等离子体;血浆
4.aerospace n.航空航天工业
5.patriotic adj.爱国的
6.aggression n.侵略;挑衅
7.aviation n.航空制造业;航空;飞行
8.jet n.喷气式飞机
9.missile n.导弹
10.trace vt.追溯;追踪;查出
n.痕迹;遗迹;踪迹
11.astronomy n.天文学
12.vivid adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的
拓展词汇
1.mechanic n.机械师;机械修理工→mechanical adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的
2.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解→defence n.保卫;防御;辩护→defensive adj.防御的;自卫的
3.assistant n.助理;助手→assist v.帮助;协助;援助→assistance n.帮助;援助;支持
4.leadership n.领导;领导地位;领导才能→lead v.领导;导致;引导(某人)→leader n.领导者;首领
5.gifted adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→gift n.礼物;赠品;天赋
6.steady adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→steadily adv.稳步地;稳定地;持续地
7.astronomer n.天文学家 →astronomy n.天文学
8.fault n.弱点;过错→faulty adj.有错误的;有缺陷的
重点词块
1.have an impact on...　　 对……有影响
2.break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
3.in charge of 主管;掌管
4.take on the challenge 接受挑战
5.under one’s leadership 在某人的领导下
6.be familiar with... 熟悉……
7.come down with 患(病);染上(小病)
8.point out 指出
9.be willing to do... 愿意做……
10.above all 最重要的是;尤其是
重点句型
1.Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
2.He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.(not only...but also...)
他受到了家乡人民英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。
3.Under Qian’s leadership,China developed the Dongfeng missiles,followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.(过去分词作伴随状语)
在钱学森的领导下,中国研制出了“东风”导弹,紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列运载火箭。
4.However,what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.(what引导的主语从句)
然而,他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家,可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物有浓厚的兴趣。
5.Besides being brilliant,he was brave,though sometimes careless in what he said or did.(what引导的宾语从句)
除了才华横溢,他还是一个勇敢的人,尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——科学与科学家。
2.语篇类型:人物传记。
3.课文内容分析
　　文章按照时间顺序概述了钱学森的一生,重点介绍了他回国后克服困难,在航天科技领域所做的开创性工作,文末还提及他广泛的爱好,以及这些爱好对他开展科学研究的积极影响。学习本文,有利于学生了解科学家的重要贡献及其高尚品格,并深入理解科学精神的内涵。
多维解读·浅析结构
答案:1.Introduction　2.accomplishments　3.pursuit　4.combination
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.Why did Qian Xuesen change his major to aviation
A.Because he was not interested in his former major.
B.Because he could get a well-paid job in the future.
C.Because he felt it his duty to help his homeland.
D.Because the country asked him to do so.
(　　)2.What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to the first passage
A.His strong interest in other things like music and drawing.
B.His research in the United States.
C.His friends’ encouragement.
D.His habit of reading a lot.
(　　)3.How long did Qian Xuesen stay in the United States
A.About 15 years. B.About 20 years.
C.About 25 years. D.About 30 years.
(　　)4.Which words can be used to describe the nature of Hawking according to the second passage
A.Brave and careful. B.Knowledgeable and humorous.
C.Careless and disabled. D.Determined and brilliant.
答案:1.C　2.A　3.B　4.D
1.break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
[教材原句] However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932 because of the Japanese aggression,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
不过,1932年由于日本侵略引发的淞沪抗战(“一·二八事变”)爆发后,钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家,因此决定改学航空专业。
例 (读后续写之环境描写)When the clock struck midnight,fireworks broke out in the sky,lighting up the whole neighborhood.
当午夜钟声敲响,烟花在天空中绽放,照亮了整个街区。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
参与志愿活动,可能就是消除偏见的第一步。
例 Our car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage.
我们的车坏了,我们不得不把它拖到修车厂。
归纳拓展 break in 插话;破门而入 break into 强行闯入;突然开始 break through 突破;冲破;克服;战胜 break up 破碎;结束;(关系等)破裂 break away from 突然挣脱/脱离 break down 出故障;坏掉;失败;(身体等)垮掉;消除
[词语辨析]
take place、break out、come about、happen、occur
take place意为“发生、举行、举办”,一般指非偶然性事件的发生,即这种事件有事先的安排。
break out意为“发生、爆发”,常指战争、灾难、疾病或争吵等事件的发生。
come about意为“发生、产生”,多指事情已经发生了,但还不知道为什么,常用于疑问句和否定句。
happen意为“发生”,一般用于偶然或突发性事件,还有“碰巧”之意。
occur意为“发生、想到、突然想起”,其意义相当于happen。
break out、happen、occur、take place等动词(短语)表示“发生”,是不及物动词用法,没有被动语态。
[语境运用] 用break的相关短语填空/完成句子
Only then did he realise it was ridiculous of him to 　　　　　　　　 his friends and never contact them.
The two good friends 　　　　　　　　 in an argument over a small matter.
Our study group 　　　　　　　　 due to time conflicts among members.
(应用文写作之建议信)第二,定期锻炼。如果你不重视定期锻炼,你的身体将会垮掉。
Second,exercise regularly.If you don’t pay attention to regular exercise,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
答案: break away from　 broke out　 broke up
your body will break down
2.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解
·defence n.保卫;防御;辩护
·defensive adj.防御的;自卫的
[教材原句] However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932 because of the Japanese aggression,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
不过,1932年由于日本侵略引发的淞沪抗战(“一·二八事变”)爆发后,钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家,因此决定改学航空专业。
例 (应用文写作之倡议书)Let’s work together to defend our community from noise pollution,creating a quiet living environment for everyone.
让我们共同努力,保护我们的社区免受噪声污染,为所有人营造一个安静的居住环境。
例 He wrote an essay in defence of endangered animals against illegal hunting.
他写了一篇论文,为濒危动物辩护,反对非法狩猎。
归纳拓展 ·defend...from/against (doing...) 保护……免受…… defend oneself 自卫 ·in defence (of) 保护;为了保卫;(为……)辩护 in one’s defence为某人辩护;站在某人一边
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Some students use humour as a 　　　　(defend) mechanism to cope with stress.
(应用文写作之倡议书)We should unite to defend wild animals 　　　　 illegal hunting,protecting the balance of our ecosystem.
(读后续写之动作链描写)为保护自己,迈克跳下自行车,抓起自行车,用尽全身的力气把它扔向狼。
Mike jumped off the bike,seized the bike and threw it at the wolf with all his strength 　　　　
　　　　　　　　.
在辩论赛中,当我的队友的观点受到质疑时,我坚定地站在他的一边。
During the debate competition,when my teammate’s viewpoint was questioned,I 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　.
答案: defensive　 from/against　 to defend himself　 stood firm in his defence/in defence of him
3.assistant n.助理;助手
·assistance n.帮助;援助;支持
·assist v.帮助;协助;援助
[教材原句] As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s,Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion...
20世纪30年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时,钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作……
例 (应用文写作之感谢信)With the assistance of you who stayed after class to explain maths problems,I finally made great progress and got a much better grade in the final exam.
您课后留下来为我讲解数学题,在您的帮助下,我终于取得了很大的进步,期末考也取得了更好的成绩。
例 (应用文写作之通知)We need 10 students to assist teachers to set/in setting up the art exhibition hall this Friday afternoon.
本周五下午我们需要10名同学协助老师布置艺术展厅。
例 As a teaching assistant,she often helps students with their after-class questions.
作为教学助理,她经常帮助学生解答课后问题。
归纳拓展 ·an assistant to...……的助手 ·assist sb in doing sth/to do sth 帮助某人做某事 assist sb in/with sth 在某方面帮助某人 ·with the assistance of...在……的帮助下 come to one’s assistance 来帮助某人
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
If you need any additional 　　　　(assist),just let me know without hesitation.
(2025·浙江1月卷)For example,participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice 　　　　(assist) than versions with male or female voices.
莉莉在写作比赛中遇到困难时,梅前来帮助了她,之后老师还协助她润色作文。
When Lily got stuck in the writing contest,May 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and the teacher later 　　　　　　　　　　　 composition polishing.
答案: assistance　 assistant　 came to her assistance;assisted her with/in
4.in charge of主管;掌管
[教材原句] He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了家乡人民英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。
例 (读后续写之情境描写)As the one in charge of/ taking charge of the camp,Mia counted the number of people in the heavy rain,and her trembling yet firm voice calmed everyone down.
作为营地负责人,米娅在大雨中清点人数,她颤抖却坚定的声音让大家安心。
例 (2025·浙江1月卷)Ribeiro charges 35 per person for what is usually a three-course meal that can last up to three hours.
里贝罗提供的套餐通常是三道菜,用餐时间最长可达三小时,每人收费 35 欧元。
例 Going to public concerts is often free of charge.
去听公开的音乐会通常是免费的。
归纳拓展 ·in the charge of 由……负责;被……掌管/负责…… take charge of 掌管/负责(表动作) free of charge 免费 ·charge (sb) for sth 为……(向某人)收费/要价 charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人做某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
She has yet to be charged 　　　　 any crime.
The boss charged us five hundred yuan　　　　 the electrical appliance.
你将负责一个以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动。
You 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 with the theme of “Green Beijing”.(in charge of)
→You 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 with the theme of “Green Beijing”.(take charge of)
→A club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(in the charge of)
答案: with　 for　 will be in charge of a club activity; will take charge of a club activity;will be in the charge of you
The man in charge of/taking charge of the activity said that the tickets were free of charge.In other words,they wouldn’t charge us for the tickets.
负责这一活动的那名男子说这些票是免费的,也就是说,他们不会向我们收钱。
5.come down with 患(病);染上(小病)
[教材原句] Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles,his world became one of abstract thought.
他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力,他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
例 The weather has turned colder recently,and I accidentally came down with a cold.
最近天气转凉,我不小心感冒了。
例 I came across my former English teacher in the street yesterday.
我昨天在街上遇到了我以前的英语老师。
例 He could not come up with a proper answer.
他想不出一个合适的回答。
归纳拓展 come across 偶然遇见;偶然发现;被理解 come about 发生(无被动形式) come on 加油;上场;得了吧 come out 出版;开花;显示 when it comes to...当涉及某事(或做某事)时 come up提出;出现;靠近;发生 come up with 找到/提出某事(物) come into effect 开始生效
[语境运用] 用come的相关短语完成句子
(应用文写作之活动介绍)在社团活动中,我遇到了一个难题,但最终我想出了一个解决办法。
During club activities,I 　　　　　　　　 a problem,but eventually I 　　　　　　　　　　　　 a solution.
(读后续写之情感描写)得知他的伙伴得了严重的疾病,他的心揪成一团,焦急地冲向医院。
Aware that his partner　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he had knots in his heart and rushed to the hospital anxiously.
(应用文写作之建议信)总而言之,无论发生什么,最终你都会发现,只要有决心,就能在英语学习上取得进步。
All in all,whatever 　　　　　　　　　　,it will 　　　　　　　　 that you can make progress in English study with determination.
答案: came across;came up with　 came down with a serious disease　 comes about;come out
6.above all最重要的是;尤其是
[教材原句] Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是,霍金敢于承认自己的错误。
例 (应用文写作之演讲稿)In school,we may face many challenges,but above all,we should strive to be the best version of ourselves.
在学校里,我们可能会面临许多挑战,但最重要的是我们要努力成为最好的自己。
例 After all,every failure is a step towards success,and we should learn from our mistakes to grow stronger.
毕竟,每次失败都是迈向成功的一步,我们应该从错误中学习,变得更强。
例 All in all,my high school experience has been incredibly rewarding,with many opportunities for self-growth and self-discovery.
总的说来,我的高中经历非常有意义,有很多自我成长和自我发现的机会。
归纳拓展 not at all 一点也不;完全(不) after all 毕竟;终究 first of all 首先(强调顺序) in all 总共;共计 all in all 从各方面考虑;总的说来
[语境运用] 用all的相关短语填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之演讲稿)　　　　　　　　　　　,we need to clarify our learning objectives.　　　　　　　　,that is the direction of our efforts.　　　　　　　　,we must enjoy the learning process.　　　　　　　　,with continuous efforts,we can achieve excellent grades in our studies.
(读后续写之场景描写)尽管我们在森林里总共迷路了两个小时,汤姆看起来却一点也不焦虑——他只是擦了擦额头上的汗,然后掏出了一张新地图。
Though we’d been lost in the forest for two hours 　　　　　　　　,Tom 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　—he just wiped the sweat off his forehead and pulled out a new map.
答案: First of all;After all;Above all;All in all　 in all;didn’t look anxious at all
not only...but (also)...不但……而且……
[教材原句] He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了家乡人民英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。
例 (2025· 浙江1月卷)This platform is not only reserved for professional cooks,but also for those willing to discover new experiences.
这个平台不仅为专业厨师开放,也面向那些愿意探索新体验的人。
例 (应用文写作之传统文化)Not only did I learn how to make dumplings,but I also understood the meaning of passing on love to those around us.
我不仅学会了如何包饺子,还明白了向身边的人传递爱的意义。
例 Not only does he have a clever mind,he is a very hard worker.
他不仅有着聪明的头脑,而且工作很努力。(省略了but also)
归纳拓展 “not only...but also...”意为“不但……而且……”,连接两个平行结构。当连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词要根据but also后的名词决定单复数(就近原则);当连接两个并列分句,且not only位于句首时,not only后面的句子要用部分倒装,but also后面的句子不倒装。
(1)“Not only...but also”结构,有时候可以省略also,甚至but also都可以省略。
(2)连接并列主语时,采用就近原则的结构还有“...or...”“either...or...”“neither...nor...”“not...
but...”等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
Not only is Tina always optimistic and energetic 　　　　 she tries her best to overcome her weakness.
Not only I but also Tom 　　　　 (be) responsible for the task.
(应用文写作之活动介绍)通过这次活动,我们不仅获得了园艺知识,而且对大自然有了更好的了解。
→We


nature from this activity.
→


from this activity.(倒装)
答案: but　 is　 not only gained knowledge of gardening but also had a better understanding of;Not only did we gain knowledge of gardening but also had a better understanding of nature
what引导的主语从句
[教材原句] However,what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.
然而,他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家,可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物有浓厚的兴趣。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.
科学家们仍在努力查明微塑料的危害程度,但他们目前已知的信息已引发了担忧。
例 What I’m trying to figure out is how to balance study and entertainment.
我正在努力弄清楚的是如何平衡学习和娱乐。
归纳拓展 ·what在此句中引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语。 ·what引导名词性从句时,在从句中充当句子成分(主要作主语、表语和宾语),可以有多种意思,如:……的东西或事情;……的人或样子;……的数量或数目;……的时间;……的地方。
[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (我不明白的是) is why he left without saying goodbye.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(最困扰我的是)what major I should choose.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (最重要的是) is your attitude toward the problem.
答案: What I can’t understand　 What bothers me most is　 What matters/counts most
[教材原句] However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932 because of the Japanese aggression,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
尝试分析:本句为主从复合句。主句为“Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation”, 是after引导的时间状语从句; 是because引导的原因状语从句; 是that引导的宾语从句。其中to protect and defend the country为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
自主翻译:不过,1932年由于日本侵略引发的淞沪抗战(“一·二八事变”)爆发后,钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家,因此决定改学航空专业。
[语境运用] 情境写作
不过,1938年武汉会战爆发后,他意识到中国迫切需要熟练的医生来挽救人们的生命,因此决定改学医学专业。
However,after the Battle of Wuhan erupted in 1938,he decided to change his major to medicine because he recognised that China desperately needed skilled doctors to treat and save people’s lives.
写作微专题1　Write an opinion essay about the scientific spirit
1.文体类型:介绍一位科学家以及其科学精神,属于夹叙夹议文的范畴。
2.要点内容:
(1)要求就科学家的精神进行分析并针对科学家的生活、学习和工作发生的故事发表自己的看法。
(2)文章应有一定的人物描写,主要是介绍科学家的基本信息及其事迹。
[思路指引]
1.描写人物概况常用句式。
Born on 28 December 1989,she later became a good teacher whom students respected.
...,the daughter of a poor family,was born on 28 December 1989.
2.描写人物外貌、性格常用句式。
...is a near-sighted boy with a pair of glasses on his nose.
...is good-looking with long hair.
3.描写人物生平常用句式。
Not only is ...interested in science but also he/she has a gift/talent for music.
...sets a new world record of swimming,which makes a great contribution to China.
4.描写人物评价常用句式。
...sets us a good example,so all the people speak highly of him.
...is one of the greatest novelists in China and will be remembered as an outstanding man/woman forever.
　　请你根据下面的提示,介绍我国著名的农业科学家——袁隆平。
1.基本概况:1930年9月7日出生于北京;1953年毕业于西南农学院(Southwest Agriculture College)等。
2.事迹和成就:增加水稻产量,为许多国家解决了粮食不足的问题,被尊称为“杂交水稻之父”,获得许多奖项等。
3.人物评价和值得学习的地方。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　 幸亏;由于
2.　　　　 adj.优秀的;杰出的
3.　　　　 adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的
4.　　　 主管;掌管;负责
5.　　　　 v.处理;解决
6.　　　 与……有联系
答案:1.thanks to　2.outstanding　3.gifted　4.in charge of　5.handle　6.be linked with/to
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.我最钦佩的人是袁隆平。
2.他是中国最优秀、最有天赋的科学家之一。
3.袁隆平于1930年9月7日出生于北京。他学习非常努力,对农学非常感兴趣。(过去分词和现在分词做状语)
4.他1953年毕业于西南农学院,毕业后负责对水稻的研究。
5.凭借顽强的意志和坚定的决心,袁隆平在提高水稻产量方面取得了巨大成功。
6.这为许多国家解决了粮食短缺问题。
7.因此,他与杂交水稻紧密相连,被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。
8.袁隆平因其对世界作出的卓越贡献,荣获了多项奖项。
9.尽管声名显赫,他却过着简朴的生活,淡泊名利。(as引导让步状语从句)
10.袁隆平为我们树立了光辉的榜样,他无疑是一位杰出的科学家。
11.袁隆平完全值得我们敬仰与尊重。
答案:1.The person I admire most is Yuan Longping.
2.He is one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists in China.
3.Born in Beijing,on 7 September 1930,Yuan studied hard,showing great interest in agriculture.
4.He graduated from Southwest Agriculture College in 1953 and was in charge of the research on rice after graduation.
5.Thanks to his strong will and great determination,Yuan achieved great success in increasing rice harvest.
6.It handled the problem of the lack of food for many countries.
7.As a result,he was linked with hybrid rice and honored and known as “father of hybrid rice”.
8.Yuan Longping was rewarded with many prizes for his great contributions to the world.
9.Famous as he was,he led a simple life and cared little for money and fame.
10.Having set a great example to us,Yuan is really an excellent scientist.
11.Yuan fully deserves our admiration and respect.
1.将第1句和第2句用同位语进行改写升级。
2.将第5句和第6句用非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
3.将第7句和第8句用非谓语动词进行改写升级。
4.将第10句和第11句用定语从句进行改写升级。
答案:1.The person I admire most is Yuan Longping,one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists in China.
2.Thanks to his strong will and great determination,Yuan achieved great success in increasing rice harvest,which handled the problem of the lack of food for many countries.
3.As a result,he was linked with hybrid rice and honored and known as “father of hybrid rice”, rewarded with many prizes for his great contributions to the world.
4.Having set a great example to us,Yuan is really an excellent scientist who fully deserves our admiration and respect.
　　The person I admire most is Yuan Longping,one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists in China.
Born in Beijing,on 7 September 1930,Yuan studied hard,showing great interest in agriculture.He graduated from Southwest Agriculture College in 1953 and was in charge of the research on rice after graduation.Thanks to his strong will and great determination,Yuan achieved great success in increasing rice harvest,which handled the problem of the lack of food for many countries.As a result,he was linked with hybrid rice and honored and known as “father of hybrid rice”,rewarded with many prizes for his great contributions to the world.Famous as he was,he led a simple life and cared little for money and fame.
Having set a great example to us,Yuan is really an excellent scientist who fully deserves our admiration and respect.
假设你是红星中学的李华,你的外国笔友Eric看到了中国天眼的有关报道,想了解中国天眼之父南仁东教授的情况。请你根据以下提示,用英语给他回复一封电子邮件。
姓名 南仁东
出生及教育 出生于1945年,毕业于清华大学
人物事迹 1994年他开始筹建FAST项目;2016年该项目在贵州落成启用;2017年他因癌症去世
人物评价 有天赋,爱国,具有严谨的科学精神和高度责任感
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词语:天眼 the China Sky Eye。
Dear Eric,
Glad to hear from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
One possible version:
Dear Eric,
Glad to hear from you.I’d like to introduce one of the great scientists—Nan Rendong to you.
Nan Rendong was born in 1945.For his brilliant performance,he was admitted into Tsinghua University.From the year 1994 on,he was in charge of the building of the project FAST.After 22 years’ hard work,the telescope was finally set up and put into use in Guizhou.To our pity,he passed away because of cancer a year later.
Gifted and patriotic,Nan,with a serious scientific spirit and great responsibility,was regarded as one of the most outstanding scientists in China.It is because of his perseverance that China owns the unique project,the China Sky Eye.
Yours,
Li Hua
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写微 技能之“点” 情感描写 相关词语 frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的　never lost his desire 从未失去他的渴望　be determined to do...决心做……　suspect vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任　patriotic adj.爱国的　discourage sb 使某人灰心　be saddened by因……而感到悲伤/难过/痛心　be willing to do...愿意做……
行为描写 相关词语 show how it could be overcome展示如何克服　attend to 关怀;照料;处理　mark on a map在地图上标记　take on the challenge 接受挑战　begin to investigate 开始调查　have the handle of the pump removed 拆掉了水泵的把手
人物描写 相关词语 a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” 具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人 an extremely well-respected man 备受尊敬的人 outstanding adj.优秀的;杰出的 one of the most famous and gifted scientists 最负盛名、最具有天赋的科学家之一
读后续写微 技能之“线” As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(情感描写) When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ”,his reply was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”(语言描写) Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable,especially in the area of frontier science research.(人物描写) Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.(结尾升华句)
读后续写微 技能之“面” 读后续写——战胜自我 汤姆曾因自己的羞怯而倍感沮丧——每次需要公开讲话时,他都会僵在原地。同学们甚至怀疑他永远不会改变,但这并没有让他气馁。他意志坚定,始终没有放弃成长的渴望,于是选择接受这个挑战。他的妈妈既为他紧张的泪水感到心疼,也被他的坚持深深打动。经过日复一日的练习,他终于站上了舞台,向所有人证明恐惧是可以被战胜的。这场对自我的胜利,让他真切地感受到了自身的卓越。 Tom once 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　 his shyness—he froze up every time he had to speak publicly.Classmates 2.　　　　　　　 　　　 he’d never change, 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he chose to 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.His mum 6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 his nervous tears but moved so much by his persistence.He practised daily,finally standing on stage to show 7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.This win over himself made him feel truly outstanding. 答案:1.felt frustrated by　2.even suspected　3.which didn’t discourage him　4.Determined and never lost his desires to grow　5.take on the challenge　6.was saddened by　7.that fear could be overcome
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.severe adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的→severely adv.十分严重地;严肃地;严厉地
2.frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→frustration n.沮丧;挫败→frustrating adj.令人沮丧的;令人懊恼的
3.infection n.感染;传染→infect vt.使感染;传染→infectious adj.感染的;传染性的;有感染力的→infected adj.受(有害细菌、病毒等)感染的
4.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)→subscription n.(报刊等的)订阅费,(定期)服务费;订阅;订购→subscriber n.订阅人,订购者;消费者;用户;定期捐助者
5.suspect vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任;猜想;认为(某事有可能) n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象→suspicion n.怀疑,嫌疑→suspicious n.怀疑的;感觉可疑的→suspected adj.疑似的,被怀疑的
6.pure adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→purely adv.完全地→purify vt.净化;使(某物)洁净
7.transform vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变→transformation n.(彻底的)变化,转变,改革
8.initial adj最初的;开始的;第一的→initially adv.起初;开始时
9.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解→defence n.保卫;防御;辩护→defensive adj.防御的;自卫的
10.assistant n.助理;助手→assist v.帮助;协助;援助→assistance n.帮助;援助;支持
11.gifted adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→gift n.礼物;赠品;天赋
12.steady adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→steadily adv.稳步地;稳定地;持续地
13.fault n.弱点;过错→faulty adj.有错误的,有缺陷的
Ⅱ.重点词块
1.die from　　　　　　　　 死于
2.attend to 关怀;照料;处理
3.in general 一般而言
4.subscribe to 同意;赞同
5.be determined to do... 决心做……
6.be to blame 对(坏事)负有责任
7.be likely to do... 很可能做……
8.tireless efforts 不懈的努力
9.have an impact on... 对……有影响
10.break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
11.in charge of 主管;掌管
12.under one’s leadership 在某人的领导下
e down with 患(病);染上(小病)
14.point out 指出
15.above all 最重要的是;尤其是
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.“疑问词+不定式”结构
As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera(如何预防和治疗霍乱).
句式仿写
They are discussing where to go for the school trip(学校旅行去哪里).
2.where引导的定语从句
Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived(所有死者住所的确切位置).
句式仿写
(应用文写作之邀请信)I am writing to invite you to our school’s annual cultural festival,where you can experience various traditional performances(在那里你能欣赏到各种传统表演),taste delicious local snacks and participate in interactive cultural activities.
3.what引导的主语从句
However,what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist(他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家) was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.
句式仿写
(读后续写之情境描写)What really cheered Jack up(真正让杰克振作起来) wasn’t the encouraging words,but the way Mike handed him a towel and said,“Let’s practise tomorrow together”.(共100张PPT)
Using Language, Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
Part 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
写作词汇
1. 　　　　 vt.投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
2. n.阴影;影子;背光处
3. vt.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)
4. adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的
5. adj.抽象的;理论上的
n.(文献等的)摘要
cast
shadow
pour
outstanding
abstract
6. n.概念;观念
7. prep.除……之外(还)
adv.而且;此外
8. adv.此外;再者
9. n.改变;转换;轮班
vi.& vt.转移;挪动;转向
concept
besides
furthermore
shift
阅读词汇
1.rainbow　　　 n.
2.concrete n.
adj.
3.plasma n.
4.aerospace n.
5.patriotic adj.
6.aggression n.
彩虹
混凝土
混凝土制的;确实的;具体的
等离子体;血浆
航空航天工业
爱国的
侵略;挑衅
7.aviation n.
8.jet n.
9.missile n.
10.trace vt.
n.
11.astronomy n.
12.vivid adj.
航空制造业;航空;飞行
喷气式飞机
导弹
追溯;追踪;查出
痕迹;遗迹;踪迹
天文学
生动的;鲜明的;丰富的
拓展词汇
1. n.机械师;机械修理工→mechanical adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的
2. vt.保卫;防守;辩解→defence n.保卫;防御;辩护→defensive adj.防御的;自卫的
3. n.助理;助手→assist v.帮助;协助;援助→assistance n.帮助;援助;支持
4. n.领导;领导地位;领导才能→lead v.领导;导致;引导(某人)→
leader n.领导者;首领
mechanic
defend
assistant
leadership
5. adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→gift n.礼物;赠品;天赋
6. adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→steadily adv.稳步地;稳定地;持续地
7. n.天文学家 →astronomy n.天文学
8. n.弱点;过错→faulty adj.有错误的;有缺陷的
gifted
steady
astronomer
fault
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.have an impact on...　　
2.break out
3.in charge of
4.take on the challenge
5.under one’s leadership
6.be familiar with...
对……有影响
(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
主管;掌管
接受挑战
在某人的领导下
熟悉……
7.come down with
8.point out
9.be willing to do...
10.above all
患(病);染上(小病)
指出
愿意做……
最重要的是;尤其是
重点句型
1.Perhaps scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science Qian Xuesen.(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
2.He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of
developing China’s rocket science its space and missile programme.(not only...but also...)
他受到了家乡人民英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。
no other
than
not only
but also
3.Under Qian’s leadership,China developed the Dongfeng missiles,
.(过去分词作伴随状语)
在钱学森的领导下,中国研制出了“东风”导弹,紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列运载火箭。
4.However,
was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.(what引导的主语从句)
然而,他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家,可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物有浓厚的兴趣。
followed
by the first generation of Long March rockets
what might have made him such an outstanding and creative
scientist
5.Besides being brilliant,he was brave,though sometimes careless in
.(what引导的宾语从句)
除了才华横溢,他还是一个勇敢的人,尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。
what he
said or did
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——科学与科学家。
2.语篇类型:人物传记。
3.课文内容分析
文章按照时间顺序概述了钱学森的一生,重点介绍了他回国后克服困难,在航天科技领域所做的开创性工作,文末还提及他广泛的爱好,以及这些爱好对他开展科学研究的积极影响。学习本文,有利于学生了解科学家的重要贡献及其高尚品格,并深入理解科学精神的内涵。
多维解读·浅析结构
Introduction
accomplishments
pursuit
combination
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.Why did Qian Xuesen change his major to aviation
A.Because he was not interested in his former major.
B.Because he could get a well-paid job in the future.
C.Because he felt it his duty to help his homeland.
D.Because the country asked him to do so.
C
(　　)2.What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to the first passage
A.His strong interest in other things like music and drawing.
B.His research in the United States.
C.His friends’ encouragement.
D.His habit of reading a lot.
A
(　　)3.How long did Qian Xuesen stay in the United States
A.About 15 years. B.About 20 years.
C.About 25 years. D.About 30 years.
(　　)4.Which words can be used to describe the nature of Hawking according to the second passage
A.Brave and careful. B.Knowledgeable and humorous.
C.Careless and disabled. D.Determined and brilliant.
B
D
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
[教材原句] However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932 because of the Japanese aggression,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
不过,1932年由于日本侵略引发的淞沪抗战(“一·二八事变”)爆发后,钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家,因此决定改学航空专业。
例 (读后续写之环境描写)When the clock struck midnight,fireworks broke out in the sky,lighting up the whole neighborhood.
当午夜钟声敲响,烟花在天空中绽放,照亮了整个街区。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
参与志愿活动,可能就是消除偏见的第一步。
例 Our car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage.
我们的车坏了,我们不得不把它拖到修车厂。
归纳拓展
break in 插话;破门而入
break into 强行闯入;突然开始
break through 突破;冲破;克服;战胜
break up 破碎;结束;(关系等)破裂
break away from 突然挣脱/脱离
break down 出故障;坏掉;失败;(身体等)垮掉;消除
[词语辨析]
take place、break out、come about、happen、occur
take place意为“发生、举行、举办”,一般指非偶然性事件的发生,即这种事件有事先的安排。
break out意为“发生、爆发”,常指战争、灾难、疾病或争吵等事件的发生。
come about意为“发生、产生”,多指事情已经发生了,但还不知道为什么,常用于疑问句和否定句。
happen意为“发生”,一般用于偶然或突发性事件,还有“碰巧”之意。
occur意为“发生、想到、突然想起”,其意义相当于happen。
温馨提示
break out、happen、occur、take place等动词(短语)表示“发生”,是不及物动词用法,没有被动语态。
[语境运用] 用break的相关短语填空/完成句子
Only then did he realise it was ridiculous of him to 　　　　　　　　 his friends and never contact them.
The two good friends 　　　 　　 in an argument over a small matter.
Our study group 　　　　 　 due to time conflicts among members.
(应用文写作之建议信)第二,定期锻炼。如果你不重视定期锻炼,你的身体将会垮掉。
Second,exercise regularly.If you don’t pay attention to regular exercise,
　　　　　　　　　　　　 　.
break away from
broke out
broke up
your body will break down
2.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解
·defence n.保卫;防御;辩护
·defensive adj.防御的;自卫的
[教材原句] However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932 because of the Japanese aggression,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
不过,1932年由于日本侵略引发的淞沪抗战(“一·二八事变”)爆发后,钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家,因此决定改学航空专业。
例 (应用文写作之倡议书)Let’s work together to defend our community from noise pollution,creating a quiet living environment for everyone.
让我们共同努力,保护我们的社区免受噪声污染,为所有人营造一个安静的居住环境。
例 He wrote an essay in defence of endangered animals against illegal hunting.
他写了一篇论文,为濒危动物辩护,反对非法狩猎。
归纳拓展
·defend...from/against (doing...)
保护……免受……
defend oneself 自卫
·in defence (of) 保护;为了保卫;(为……)辩护
in one’s defence为某人辩护;站在某人一边
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Some students use humour as a 　 　　　(defend) mechanism to cope with stress.
(应用文写作之倡议书)We should unite to defend wild animals 　　　　 illegal hunting,protecting the balance of our ecosystem.
(读后续写之动作链描写)为保护自己,迈克跳下自行车,抓起自行车,用尽全身的力气把它扔向狼。
Mike jumped off the bike,seized the bike and threw it at the wolf with all his strength 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
defensive
from/against
to defend himself
在辩论赛中,当我的队友的观点受到质疑时,我坚定地站在他的一边。
During the debate competition,when my teammate’s viewpoint was questioned,I 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
stood firm in his defence/in defence of him
3.assistant n.助理;助手
·assistance n.帮助;援助;支持
·assist v.帮助;协助;援助
[教材原句] As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s,Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion...
20世纪30年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时,钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作……
例 (应用文写作之感谢信)With the assistance of you who stayed after class to explain maths problems,I finally made great progress and got a much better grade in the final exam.
您课后留下来为我讲解数学题,在您的帮助下,我终于取得了很大的进步,期末考也取得了更好的成绩。
例 (应用文写作之通知)We need 10 students to assist teachers to set/in setting up the art exhibition hall this Friday afternoon.
本周五下午我们需要10名同学协助老师布置艺术展厅。
例 As a teaching assistant,she often helps students with their after-class questions.
作为教学助理,她经常帮助学生解答课后问题。
归纳拓展
·an assistant to...……的助手
·assist sb in doing sth/to do sth 帮助某人做某事
assist sb in/with sth 在某方面帮助某人
·with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
come to one’s assistance 来帮助某人
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
If you need any additional 　　　 　(assist),just let me know without hesitation.
(2025·浙江1月卷)For example,participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice 　 　　　(assist) than versions with male or female voices.
莉莉在写作比赛中遇到困难时,梅前来帮助了她,之后老师还协助她润色
作文。
When Lily got stuck in the writing contest,May 　　　　　　　　　　 and the teacher later 　　　　　　　　　　　 composition polishing.
assistance
assistant
came to her assistance
assisted her with/in
4.in charge of主管;掌管
[教材原句] He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了家乡人民英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。
例 (读后续写之情境描写)As the one in charge of/ taking charge of the camp,Mia counted the number of people in the heavy rain,and her trembling yet firm voice calmed everyone down.
作为营地负责人,米娅在大雨中清点人数,她颤抖却坚定的声音让大家安心。
例 (2025·浙江1月卷)Ribeiro charges 35 per person for what is usually a three-course meal that can last up to three hours.
里贝罗提供的套餐通常是三道菜,用餐时间最长可达三小时,每人收费 35 欧元。
例 Going to public concerts is often free of charge.
去听公开的音乐会通常是免费的。
归纳拓展
·in the charge of 由……负责;被……掌管/负责……
take charge of 掌管/负责(表动作)
free of charge 免费
·charge (sb) for sth 为……(向某人)收费/要价
charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人做某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
She has yet to be charged 　　　　 any crime.
The boss charged us five hundred yuan　　　　 the electrical appliance.
你将负责一个以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动。
You 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 with the theme of “Green Beijing”.(in charge of)
→You 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 with the theme of “Green Beijing”.(take charge of)
→A club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”
　 　　.(in the charge of)
with
for
will be in charge of a club activity
will take charge of a club activity
will be in the charge
of you
语境串词
The man in charge of/taking charge of the activity said that the tickets were free of charge.In other words,they wouldn’t charge us for the tickets.
负责这一活动的那名男子说这些票是免费的,也就是说,他们不会向我们
收钱。
5.come down with 患(病);染上(小病)
[教材原句] Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles,his world became one of abstract thought.
他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力,他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
例 The weather has turned colder recently,and I accidentally came down with a cold.
最近天气转凉,我不小心感冒了。
例 I came across my former English teacher in the street yesterday.
我昨天在街上遇到了我以前的英语老师。
例 He could not come up with a proper answer.
他想不出一个合适的回答。
归纳拓展
come across 偶然遇见;偶然发现;被理解
come about 发生(无被动形式)
come on 加油;上场;得了吧
come out 出版;开花;显示
when it comes to...当涉及某事(或做某事)时
come up提出;出现;靠近;发生
come up with 找到/提出某事(物)
come into effect 开始生效
[语境运用] 用come的相关短语完成句子
(应用文写作之活动介绍)在社团活动中,我遇到了一个难题,但最终我想出了一个解决办法。
During club activities,I 　　　　　　　 　 a problem,but eventually I
　　　　　　　　　　　　 a solution.
(读后续写之情感描写)得知他的伙伴得了严重的疾病,他的心揪成一团,焦急地冲向医院。
Aware that his partner　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he had knots in his heart and rushed to the hospital anxiously.
came across
came up with
came down with a serious disease
(应用文写作之建议信)总而言之,无论发生什么,最终你都会发现,只要有决心,就能在英语学习上取得进步。
All in all,whatever 　　　　　　　　　　,it will 　　　　　　　　 that you can make progress in English study with determination.
comes about
come out
6.above all最重要的是;尤其是
[教材原句] Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是,霍金敢于承认自己的错误。
例 (应用文写作之演讲稿)In school,we may face many challenges,but above all,we should strive to be the best version of ourselves.
在学校里,我们可能会面临许多挑战,但最重要的是我们要努力成为最好的
自己。
例 After all,every failure is a step towards success,and we should learn from our mistakes to grow stronger.
毕竟,每次失败都是迈向成功的一步,我们应该从错误中学习,变得更强。
例 All in all,my high school experience has been incredibly rewarding,with many opportunities for self-growth and self-discovery.
总的说来,我的高中经历非常有意义,有很多自我成长和自我发现的机会。
归纳拓展
not at all 一点也不;完全(不)
after all 毕竟;终究
first of all 首先(强调顺序)
in all 总共;共计
all in all 从各方面考虑;总的说来
[语境运用] 用all的相关短语填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之演讲稿)　　　　　　　 ,we need to clarify our learning objectives.　　　　 ,that is the direction of our efforts.　　　　　　,we must enjoy the learning process.　　　 　　　,with continuous efforts,we can achieve excellent grades in our studies.
First of all
After all
Above all
All in all
(读后续写之场景描写)尽管我们在森林里总共迷路了两个小时,汤姆看起来却一点也不焦虑——他只是擦了擦额头上的汗,然后掏出了一张新地图。
Though we’d been lost in the forest for two hours 　　　　　　　　,Tom
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　—he just wiped the sweat off his forehead and pulled out a new map.
in all
didn’t look anxious at all
重点句式
not only...but (also)...不但……而且……
[教材原句] He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了家乡人民英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。
例 (2025· 浙江1月卷)This platform is not only reserved for professional cooks,but also for those willing to discover new experiences.
这个平台不仅为专业厨师开放,也面向那些愿意探索新体验的人。
例 (应用文写作之传统文化)Not only did I learn how to make dumplings,but I also understood the meaning of passing on love to those around us.
我不仅学会了如何包饺子,还明白了向身边的人传递爱的意义。
例 Not only does he have a clever mind,he is a very hard worker.
他不仅有着聪明的头脑,而且工作很努力。(省略了but also)
归纳拓展
“not only...but also...”意为“不但……而且……”,连接两个平行结构。当连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词要根据but also后的名词决定单复数(就近原则);当连接两个并列分句,且not only位于句首时,not only后面的句子要用部分倒装,but also后面的句子不倒装。
温馨提示
(1)“Not only...but also”结构,有时候可以省略also,甚至but also都可以省略。
(2)连接并列主语时,采用就近原则的结构还有“...or...”“either...or...” “neither...nor...”“not...but...”等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
Not only is Tina always optimistic and energetic 　　　　 she tries her best to overcome her weakness.
Not only I but also Tom 　　　　 (be) responsible for the task.
but
is
(应用文写作之活动介绍)通过这次活动,我们不仅获得了园艺知识,而且对大自然有了更好的了解。
→We
nature from this activity.
→
from this activity.(倒装)
not only gained knowledge of gardening but also had a better
understanding of
Not only did we gain knowledge of gardening but also had a better
understanding of nature
what引导的主语从句
[教材原句] However,what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.
然而,他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家,可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物有浓厚的兴趣。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.
科学家们仍在努力查明微塑料的危害程度,但他们目前已知的信息已引发了担忧。
例 What I’m trying to figure out is how to balance study and entertainment.
我正在努力弄清楚的是如何平衡学习和娱乐。
归纳拓展
·what在此句中引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语。
·what引导名词性从句时,在从句中充当句子成分(主要作主语、表语和宾语),可以有多种意思,如:……的东西或事情;……的人或样子;……的数量或数目;……的时间;……的地方。
[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (我不明白的是) is why he left without saying goodbye.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(最困扰我的是)what major I should choose.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (最重要的是) is your attitude toward the problem.
What I can’t understand
What bothers me most is
What matters/counts most
长难句分析
[教材原句] However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932 because of the Japanese aggression,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
尝试分析:本句为主从复合句。主句为“Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation”, 是after引导的时间状语从句; 是because引导的原因状语从句; 是that引导的宾语从句。其中to protect and defend the country为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
自主翻译:不过,1932年由于日本侵略引发的淞沪抗战(“一·二八事变”)爆发后,钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家,因此决定改学航空专业。
[语境运用] 情境写作
不过,1938年武汉会战爆发后,他意识到中国迫切需要熟练的医生来挽救人们的生命,因此决定改学医学专业。
However,after the Battle of Wuhan erupted in 1938,he decided to change his major to medicine because he recognised that China desperately needed skilled doctors to treat and save people’s lives.
写作微专题1
Write an opinion essay about the scientific spirit
1.文体类型:介绍一位科学家以及其科学精神,属于夹叙夹议文的范畴。
2.要点内容:
(1)要求就科学家的精神进行分析并针对科学家的生活、学习和工作发生的故事发表自己的看法。
(2)文章应有一定的人物描写,主要是介绍科学家的基本信息及其事迹。
文本解读
[思路指引]
1.描写人物概况常用句式。
Born on 28 December 1989,she later became a good teacher whom students respected.
...,the daughter of a poor family,was born on 28 December 1989.
2.描写人物外貌、性格常用句式。
...is a near-sighted boy with a pair of glasses on his nose.
...is good-looking with long hair.
实用表达
3.描写人物生平常用句式。
Not only is ...interested in science but also he/she has a gift/talent for music.
...sets a new world record of swimming,which makes a great contribution to China.
4.描写人物评价常用句式。
...sets us a good example,so all the people speak highly of him.
...is one of the greatest novelists in China and will be remembered as an outstanding man/woman forever.
请你根据下面的提示,介绍我国著名的农业科学家——袁隆平。
1.基本概况:1930年9月7日出生于北京;1953年毕业于西南农学院(Southwest Agriculture College)等。
2.事迹和成就:增加水稻产量,为许多国家解决了粮食不足的问题,被尊称为
“杂交水稻之父”,获得许多奖项等。
3.人物评价和值得学习的地方。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
佳作建构
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　 　　 幸亏;由于
2.　 　　　 adj.优秀的;杰出的
3.　　　　 adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的
4.　 　　 主管;掌管;负责
5.　　　　 v.处理;解决
6.　 　　 与……有联系
thanks to
outstanding
gifted
in charge of
handle
be linked with/to
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.我最钦佩的人是袁隆平。
The person I admire most is Yuan Longping.
2.他是中国最优秀、最有天赋的科学家之一。
He is one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists in China.
3.袁隆平于1930年9月7日出生于北京。他学习非常努力,对农学非常感兴趣。(过去分词和现在分词做状语)
Born in Beijing,on 7 September 1930,Yuan studied hard,showing great
interest in agriculture.
4.他1953年毕业于西南农学院,毕业后负责对水稻的研究。
He graduated from Southwest Agriculture College in 1953 and was in
charge of the research on rice after graduation.
5.凭借顽强的意志和坚定的决心,袁隆平在提高水稻产量方面取得了巨大
成功。
Thanks to his strong will and great determination,Yuan achieved great success in increasing rice harvest.
6.这为许多国家解决了粮食短缺问题。
It handled the problem of the lack of food for many countries.
7.因此,他与杂交水稻紧密相连,被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。
As a result,he was linked with hybrid rice and honored and known as
“father of hybrid rice”.
8.袁隆平因其对世界作出的卓越贡献,荣获了多项奖项。
Yuan Longping was rewarded with many prizes for his great contributions
to the world.
9.尽管声名显赫,他却过着简朴的生活,淡泊名利。(as引导让步状语从句)
Famous as he was,he led a simple life and cared little for money and fame.
10.袁隆平为我们树立了光辉的榜样,他无疑是一位杰出的科学家。
Having set a great example to us,Yuan is really an excellent scientist.
11.袁隆平完全值得我们敬仰与尊重。
Yuan fully deserves our admiration and respect.
亮点提升
1.将第1句和第2句用同位语进行改写升级。
The person I admire most is Yuan Longping,one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists in China.
2.将第5句和第6句用非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
Thanks to his strong will and great determination,Yuan achieved great success in increasing rice harvest,which handled the problem of the lack of food for many countries.
3.将第7句和第8句用非谓语动词进行改写升级。
As a result,he was linked with hybrid rice and honored and known as “father of hybrid rice”,rewarded with many prizes for his great contributions to the world.
4.将第10句和第11句用定语从句进行改写升级。
Having set a great example to us,Yuan is really an excellent scientist who fully deserves our admiration and respect.
范文展示
　　The person I admire most is Yuan Longping,one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists in China.
Born in Beijing,on 7 September 1930,Yuan studied hard,showing great interest in agriculture.He graduated from Southwest Agriculture College in 1953 and was in charge of the research on rice after graduation.Thanks to his strong will and great determination,Yuan achieved great success in increasing rice harvest,which handled the problem of the lack of food for many countries.
As a result,he was linked with hybrid rice and honored and known as “father of hybrid rice”,rewarded with many prizes for his great contributions to the world.Famous as he was,he led a simple life and cared little for money and fame.
Having set a great example to us,Yuan is really an excellent scientist who fully deserves our admiration and respect.
写作练习
假设你是红星中学的李华,你的外国笔友Eric看到了中国天眼的有关报道,想了解中国天眼之父南仁东教授的情况。请你根据以下提示,用英语给他回复一封电子邮件。
姓名 南仁东
出生及教育 出生于1945年,毕业于清华大学
人物事迹 1994年他开始筹建FAST项目;2016年该项目在贵州落成启用;2017年他因癌症去世
人物评价 有天赋,爱国,具有严谨的科学精神和高度责任感
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词语:天眼 the China Sky Eye。
Dear Eric,
Glad to hear from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
写作指导
One possible version:
Dear Eric,
Glad to hear from you.I’d like to introduce one of the great scientists—Nan Rendong to you.
Nan Rendong was born in 1945.For his brilliant performance,he was admitted into Tsinghua University.From the year 1994 on,he was in charge of the building of the project FAST.After 22 years’ hard work,the telescope was finally set up and put into use in Guizhou.To our pity,he passed away because of cancer a year later.
Gifted and patriotic,Nan,with a serious scientific spirit and great responsibility,was regarded as one of the most outstanding scientists in China.It is because of his perseverance that China owns the unique project, the China Sky Eye.
Yours,
Li Hua
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续 写微 技能 之“点” 情感描写 相关词语 frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的　never lost his desire 从未失去他的渴望　be determined to do...决心做……　suspect vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任　patriotic adj.爱国的　discourage sb 使某人灰心　be saddened by因……而感到悲伤/难过/痛心　be willing to do...愿意做……
行为描写 相关词语 show how it could be overcome展示如何克服　attend to 关怀;照料;处理　mark on a map在地图上标记　take on the challenge 接受挑战　begin to investigate 开始调查　have the handle of the pump removed 拆掉了水泵的把手
人物描写 相关词语 a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” 具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人
an extremely well-respected man 备受尊敬的人
outstanding adj.优秀的;杰出的
one of the most famous and gifted scientists 最负盛名、最具有天赋的科学家之一
读后续写微 技能之“线” As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(情感描写)
When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ”,his reply was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”(语言描写)
Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable,especially in the area of frontier science research.(人物描写)
Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.(结尾升华句)
读后续写微技能 之“面”
读后续写——战胜自我
汤姆曾因自己的羞怯而倍感沮丧——每次需要公开讲话时,他都会僵在原地。同学们甚至怀疑他永远不会改变,但这并没有让他气馁。他意志坚定,始终没有放弃成长的渴望,于是选择接受这个挑战。他的妈妈既为他紧张的泪水感到心疼,也被他的坚持深深打动。经过日复一日的练习,他终于站上了舞台,向所有人证明恐惧是可以被战胜的。这场对自我的胜利,让他真切地感受到了自身的卓越。
读后续写 微技能 之“面”
Tom once 1.　　　　　　　 his shyness—he froze up every time he had to speak publicly.Classmates 2.　　　　　　　　　　 he’d never change,3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
4.　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he chose to 5.　　　　　　　　　　　.His mum 6.　　　　　　　　 his
nervous tears but moved so much by his persistence.He
practised daily,finally standing on stage to show 7.
　　　　　 　　.This win over himself made him feel truly outstanding.
felt frustrated by
even suspected
which didn’t discourage him
Determined and never lost his desires to grow
take on the challenge
was saddened by
that fear
could be overcome
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.severe adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的→ adv.十分严重地;严肃地;严厉地
2.frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→ n.沮丧;挫败→
adj.令人沮丧的;令人懊恼的
3.infection n.感染;传染→ vt.使感染;传染→ adj.感染的;传染性的;有感染力的→ adj.受(有害细菌、病毒等)感染的
severely
frustration
frustrating
infect
infectious
infected
4.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)→ n.(报刊等的)订阅费,(定期)服务费;订阅;订购→ n.订阅人,订购者;消费者;用户;定期捐助者
5.suspect vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任;猜想;认为(某事有可能) n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象→ n.怀疑,嫌疑→ n.怀疑的;感觉可疑的→
adj.疑似的,被怀疑的
6.pure adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→ adv.完全地→ vt.净化;使(某物)洁净
subscription
subscriber
suspicion
suspicious
suspected
purely
purify
7.transform vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变→ n.(彻底的)变化,转变,改革
8.initial adj最初的;开始的;第一的→ adv.起初;开始时
9.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解→ n.保卫;防御;辩护→ adj.防御的;自卫的
10.assistant n.助理;助手→ v.帮助;协助;援助→ n.帮助;援助;支持
11.gifted adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→ n.礼物;赠品;天赋
12.steady adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→ adv.稳步地;稳定地;持续地
13.fault n.弱点;过错→ adj.有错误的,有缺陷的
transformation
initially
defence
defensive
assist
assistance
gift
steadily
faulty
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　　　 死于
2. 关怀;照料;处理
3. 一般而言
4. 同意;赞同
5. 决心做……
6. 对(坏事)负有责任
7. 很可能做……
die from
attend to
in general
subscribe to
be determined to do...
be to blame
be likely to do...
8. 不懈的努力
9. 对……有影响
10. (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
11. 主管;掌管
12. 在某人的领导下
13. 患(病);染上(小病)
14. 指出
15. 最重要的是;尤其是
tireless efforts
have an impact on...
break out
in charge of
under one’s leadership
come down with
point out
above all
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.“疑问词+不定式”结构
As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew
(如何预防和治疗霍乱).
句式仿写
They are discussing (学校旅行去哪里).
how to prevent or treat cholera
where to go for the school trip
2.where引导的定语从句
Snow began by marking on a map
(所有死者住所的确切位置).
句式仿写
(应用文写作之邀请信)I am writing to invite you to our school’s annual cultural festival,
(在那里你能欣赏到各种传统表演),taste delicious local snacks and participate in interactive cultural activities.
the exact places where all those who died
had lived
where you can experience various traditional performances
3.what引导的主语从句
However,
(他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家) was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.
句式仿写
(读后续写之情境描写) (真正让杰克振作起来) wasn’t the encouraging words,but the way Mike handed him a towel and said,“Let’s practise tomorrow together”.
what might have made him such an outstanding and creative
scientist
What really cheered Jack up

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