资源简介

Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
写作词汇
1.somewhat　　　　 adv.有点;稍微
2.category n.类别;种类
3.vitamin n.维生素
4.quantity n.数量;数额
5.chew vi.& vt.咀嚼;嚼碎
n.咀嚼
6.modest adj.些许的;谦虚的;朴素的
7.consistent adj.一致的;连续的
8.overall adv.总体上;大致上
adj.全面的;综合的
阅读词汇
1.bun　　　 n.圆面包;小圆甜饼
2.chilli (NAmE chili) n.[pl.-es]辣椒
3.pork n.猪肉
4.pearl n.珍珠
5.madam n.夫人;女士
6.calorie n.卡路里(热量单位)
7.fibre (especially US fiber)n.纤维;纤维制品
8.dairy adj.奶制的;乳品(业)的
n.乳制品;乳品店;牛奶厂
拓展词汇
1.association n.协会;关联→associated adj.有关联的;相关的;有联系的→associate vt.联想;联系;交往 n.同事;伙伴 adj.副的
2.regardless adv.不顾;不加理会→regarding prep.关于;至于→regard n.关注;尊敬;问候 vt.把……视为;以……看待;注视,凝视
3.moderation n.适度;合理→moderate adj.适度的;温和的→moderately adv.适度地;适量地;适
中地
4.ideal adj.完美的;理想的;想象的 n.理想;完美的人(或事物)→ideally adv.理想地;按理想来说
5.fundamental adj.根本的;基础的;基本的 n.基本规律;根本法则→fundamentally adv.根本上,完全地;基本上
6.trick n.诀窍;计谋;把戏 v.欺骗;欺诈→tricky adj.棘手的,难处理的
重点词块
1.regardless of　　　　 不管;不顾
2.argue over 争论
3.cut out 停止做(或使用、食用)
4.limit...to... 把……限制在……内
5.quantities of 大量的
6.as with 至于;正如
7.on the right trick 思路或行为方式正确
重点句型
1.And in America,people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association,2014).(倍数表达法)
在美国,每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》,2014年)。
2.Put more simply,while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous,we already know that sugar is a killer.(while引导时间状语从句)
简单地说,当人们还在为高脂肪食物是否有害而争论不休时,我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。
3.Besides this,it is also important to have some meat,beans,or dairy products in your diet,as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth.(it作形式主语)
此外,从饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要,因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。
4.What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry.(that引导表语从句)
这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物,因为他们仍然感到饥饿。
5.It is up to you to decide how you want to live,and to make the right decisions about your diet.(It is up to sb to do sth 由某人自己决定做某事)
你想如何生活、如何作出正确的饮食抉择,这完全取决于你自己。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——健康饮食。
2.语篇类型:有关健康饮食的科普说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文以“健康饮食”为主题,分别从糖、新鲜食物和保持饮食均衡、细嚼慢咽以及对食物的健康态度等几个方面展开分析。阅读本文有利于培养学生对健康饮食的正确认识,形成正确的饮食观念,提高健康水平。
多维解读·浅析结构
答案:1.desserts　2.fresh　3.balanced　4.slowly　5.consistent　6.modest　7.attitude
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.What is the main purpose of the passage
A.To introduce a new diet to people.
B.To tell readers what is a healthy diet.
C.To analyse the composition of food.
D.To explain the effect of sweet on health.
(　　)2.What is the main cause of ill health
A.Taking too much sugar. B.Eating too much fat.
C.Having too many calories. D.Taking less exercise.
(　　)3.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4
A.How to eat healthily. B.What to eat to be fit.
C.When to eat each meal. D.The reasons to eat quickly.
(　　)4.What is the writer’s attitude to eating
A.Eat for fun. B.Live to eat.
C.Eat to live. D.Eat to enjoy.
(　　)5.Where is this passage most likely from
A.A guidebook. B.A magazine.
C.A novel. D.A diary.
答案:1.B　2.A　3.A　4.C　5.B　
1.association n.协会;关联
·associate vt.联想;联系;交往 n.同事;伙伴 adj.副的
·associated adj.有关联的;相关的;有联系的
[教材原句] And in America,people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association,2014).
在美国,每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》,2014年)。
例 (应用文写作之邀请信)I am Li Hua,chairman of the Students’ Union.I will hold an exhibition in association with several other universities.
我是学生会主席李华,我将联合其他几所大学举办一次展览。
例 I always associate the scene with the freezing weather.
我总是把这个场景和寒冷的天气联系在一起。
例 (话题写作之健康的生活方式)Maintaining a healthy diet is associated with keeping better concentration in class.
保持健康饮食与课堂上保持更好的专注力有关。
归纳拓展 ·in association with...与……合作;与……有关联 ·associate...with...把……和……联系在一起 associate with... 和……交往;和……结交 ·be associated with...与……有关
[语境运用] 完成句子/熟词生义
(话题写作之学校生活)积极参与社团活动通常与培养团队合作精神相关联。
Active participation in club activities 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(应用文写作之活动介绍)我们学校与一家科技公司联合举办了一场科技创新大赛。
Our school held a technology innovation competition 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
提到英语角,我总是将其与同外国友人交流和语言能力提升联系起来。
When it comes to the English corner,I always 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and improving language skills.
(2025·浙江1月卷)“People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin,a Stanford associate professor of organisational behaviour.　　　
答案: is usually associated with cultivating teamwork spirit　 in association with a tech company　 associate it with communicating with foreign friends　 adj.副的
2.regardless adv.不顾;不加理会
·regarding prep.关于;至于
·regard n.关注;尊敬;问候 vt.把……视为;以……看待;注视,凝视
[教材原句] This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be.
无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康,都确实如此。
例 I had learnt that sometimes it wasn’t about fixing everything instantly,but about showing that you cared,regardless of the past.
我已经明白,有时候重要的不是立刻解决所有问题,而是无论过去如何,都要让对方感受到你的关心。
例 Some studies have been carried out with regard to energy consumption.
已经进行了一些关于能源消耗的研究。
归纳拓展 ·regardless of=in spite of=despite 尽管;不顾(后常接名词,不接从句) regardless of the fact that...不顾……的事实 ·with regard to 关于;至于
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness 　　　　 (regard) food waste.
With regard 　　　　 study groups,I find them very helpful for discussing difficult topics.
尽管在大城市生活的成本比在他们家乡的高得多,许多年轻人还是选择独自在大城市生活。
Many young people choose to live alone in big cities 　 .
答案: regarding　 to　 regardless of the fact that the cost of living there is much higher than that in their hometowns
With regard to your approach,it is still regarded as the most practical one,regardless of its imperfection.
至于你的方法,尽管有点瑕疵,但还是被认为是最实用的。
3.recommend vt.提议;推荐;介绍;劝告;建议
·recommendation n.提议;推荐;推荐信
[教材原句] The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100150 calories a day from sugar,which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar.
美国心脏协会建议我们将每日糖摄入量限制在100至150卡路里以下,少于一听甜饮料或一块糖果通常所含的糖分。
例 We are recommended to maintain a balanced diet for better health and concentration.
有人建议我们保持均衡饮食以获得更好的健康状况和专注力。
例 (应用文写作之推荐信)She was recommended as the editor of the school newspaper because of her excellent writing skills.
由于出色的写作技能,她被推荐为校报的编辑。
例 I recommend adding traditional Chinese paper-cutting to the list.
我建议把中国传统剪纸加入清单。
归纳拓展 recommend sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 recommend that sb (should) do sth 建议某人做某事 recommend doing sth 建议做某事 recommend sth to sb 向某人推荐某物 recommend sb as...推荐某人为……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
(2025·浙江1月卷)Instead,she recommends 　　　　(apply) a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,”...
The reason for my 　　　　　　　　(recommend) is that not only is the high-speed rail a symbol of technological development,but also it means a promising future for our earth.
(应用文写作之建议信)我建议你每天练习英语口语以提高你的流利度。
→ 　 (recommend sb to do sth)
→ 　 [recommend that sb (should) do sth]
答案: applying　 recommendation
I recommend you to practise oral English every day to improve your fluency.　I recommend that you (should) practise oral English every day to improve your fluency.
4.quantity n.数量;数额
[教材原句] Processed foods often contain less nutrition,and have higher quantities of sugar,salt, and fat than fresh ingredients.
相比新鲜食材,加工食品通常营养成分较低,糖分、盐分和脂肪含量更高。
例 She had prepared a large quantity of/ large quantities of snacks,while my job was to have the backyard in order.
她已经准备了大量零食,而我的任务是把后院整理好。
例 For small businesses,buying raw materials in quantity/in large quantities is a practical strategy to lower costs.
对于小型企业而言,大量采购原材料是降低成本的切实可行策略。
归纳拓展 a large/small quantity of 大量的/少量的 quantities of 大量的;许多的 in quantity 在数量上;大量地 in large quantities 大量地
①a quantity of/quantities of 后面既可以接可数名词也可以接不可数名词。
②“a quantity of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词与名词的数保持一致;而“quantities of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
A large quantity of money 　　　　　　　(collect) to help those suffering from the flood.
If you buy the goods 　　　　 quantity,we will offer a better price to you.
Quantities of information 　　　　(be) available online for students to research and learn about various topics.
You must have accumulated large 　　　　(quantity) of experience.
(应用文写作之推荐信)我想向你推荐成都,因为成都有许多景点,例如都江堰。
I’d like to recommend Chengdu to you,because Chengdu 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　,such as Dujiangyan.
答案: has been collected　 in　 are　
quantities　 has a large quantity of/large quantities of tourist attractions
5.trick n.诀窍;计谋;把戏 v.欺骗;欺诈
·tricky adj.棘手的,难处理的
[教材原句] There is no one trick to healthy eating.
健康饮食没有诀窍。
例 Last April Fool’s Day,my best friend tried to play a trick on me by hiding my maths textbook,making me panic for nearly ten minutes before she burst out laughing.
去年愚人节,我最好的朋友想捉弄我,把我的数学课本藏了起来。我慌了将近十分钟,她才哈哈大笑起来。
例 After practising for weeks,I finally found the trick to solving this type of maths problem—start by listing out all the known information first.
经过几周的练习,我终于找到了解这类数学题的窍门:先把所有已知条件列出来。
例 He tricked her into singing in front of the whole class by telling her that was a surprise for her birthday.
他告诉她那是给她的生日惊喜,骗她在全班面前唱歌。
归纳拓展 ·play tricks/a trick on sb=play jokes/a joke on sb=make fun of sb捉弄某人 the trick of/to...……的窍门 ·trick sb into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
In the movie we watched yesterday,the two kids played a trick 　　　　 the naughty neighbour who always scared their dog.
He was tricked 　　　　 giving up a large quantity of money belonging to him.
(应用文写作之求助信)作为一名来自美国的交换生,我喜欢吃水饺。你可以告诉我包水饺的诀窍吗
As an exchange student from America,I like eating dumplings. 　
答案: on　 into　 Would you please tell me the trick of/to making dumplings
倍数表达法
[教材原句] And in America,people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association,2014).
在美国,每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》,2014年)。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Even bottled water,scientists found earlier this year,contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
科学家在今年早些时候发现,即便是瓶装水,其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10倍到
1000倍。
例 (2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP is one of the first national parks in the country.
大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的3倍,是我国首批国家公园之一。
例 The population of this city now is three times what it was ten years ago.
现在这座城市的人口是10年前的3倍。
[归纳拓展]
[语境运用] 一句多译/完成句子
在建的体育馆将是操场的3倍大。
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the playground.(as...as)
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the playground.(size)
(应用文写作之感谢信)多亏您的慷慨帮助,我现在的考试分数是从前的两倍。
Thanks to your generous help,now 　
.
答案: three times as large as;three times the size of　 my test score is double what it was before
while作连词的用法
[教材原句] Put more simply,while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous,we already know that sugar is a killer.
简单地说,当人们还在为高脂肪食物是否有害而争论不休时,我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years,transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人) mobility,especially among young children.
尽管近年来我们的街道在安全性方面或许已有改善,但交通研究也显示,行人的流动性有所下降,尤其是在幼儿群体中。
例 There’s plenty of rain in the southeast,while there’s little in the northwest.
东南部雨量充足,西北部则很少下雨。
[归纳拓展]
　[语境运用] 完成句子
尽管我理解大家分享创意内容的热情,但我们也必须考虑其潜在的弊端。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we must also consider the potential drawbacks.
比如上个月,我们参观了一座著名的古镇,在欣赏美丽环境的同时,也了解到了它的历史。
For example,last month,we visited a famous ancient town,and we learnt about its history
　.
我喜欢在安静的环境中读书,而我哥哥则喜欢边听音乐边读书。
I like to read books in a quiet environment, 　 while reading.
答案: While I appreciate the enthusiasm for sharing creative content　 while (we were) enjoying the beautiful surroundings　 while my brother prefers listening to music
[教材原句] What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry.
尝试分析:本句是一个主从复合句。 是What引导的主语从句; 是that引导的表语从句; 是who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词people; 是because引导的原因状语从句。
自主翻译:这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物,因为他们仍然感到饥饿。
[语境运用] 情境写作
这意味着那些走路太快的人最终会错过路上的美景,因为他们总是急着到达他们的目的地。
What this means is that people who walk too fast end up missing the beautiful scenery on the way because they are always in a rush to get to their destinations.
写作微专题3　Writing a descriptive essay about one’s diet
1.文体类型:描述性文章,属于说明文范畴。
2.要点内容:
(1)列举健康饮食的重要性;
(2)根据现状,分析部分学生不健康饮食的种种表现;
(3)结论和改进措施(表达个人观点)。
[思路指引]
1.首段常用句式。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
Nowadays people are beginning to pay more attention to their health than ever before.
People come to realise that good health is the most valuable thing a person can have.
As is known to all,healthy eating habits are very important for our health.
2.中段常用句式。
It is said that most of the students do not eat anything at all in the morning,which is very bad for their health.
Doctors advise us teenagers to sleep at least 8 hours each day.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a person healthy,wealthy and wise.
Taking exercise is closely related to health.
Besides,we should focus on a balanced diet which assures us the necessary nutrition.
As the saying goes,bread is the staff of life,eating healthily and deliciously is the goal we pursue.
3.尾段常用句式。
As far as I am concerned,health is more important than wealth.
Healthy eating habits are very important for our health.
In my opinion,we should develop good healthy eating habits.
From my point of view,in order to develop healthy eating habits,we should eat more vegetables and less fat and sugar.
All in all,we should realise the importance of a healthy diet.
In conclusion,if we stick to the advice given above,we will lead a healthy life.
人们的健康很大程度上受制于饮食习惯。请你写一篇英语作文,就如何养成良好的饮食习惯发表你的看法。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　　　　垃圾食品
2.　　　　　　　　 n.维生素
答案:1.junk food　2.vitamin
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.健康的饮食习惯对我们的健康非常重要。
2.但我们如何能养成一个健康的饮食习惯呢
3.在我看来,我们应该每天吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜,因为它们为我们提供了维生素。
4.早上或晚上喝一杯牛奶也是有益的。
5.除此之外,我们还应该注重均衡饮食,它保证我们必要的营养。
6.垃圾食品是我们的健康的致命杀手,所以我们应该远离它。
7.另外,不吃早餐是一个很不好的习惯,这对我们的健康有很大的危害。
8.总之,我们应该吃健康的食物,保持精力充沛。
答案:1.Healthy eating habits are very important for our health.
2.But how can we develop a healthy eating habit
3.In my opinion,we should eat fresh fruit and vegetables every day,as they supply vitamins to us.
4.A glass of milk in the morning or at night is also beneficial.
5.Besides,we should focus on a balanced diet and it assures us the necessary nutrients.
6.Junk food is a fatal killer for our health,so we should stay away from it.
7.What’s more,it is a very bad habit to skip breakfast,which does great harm to our health.
8.All in all,we should eat healthy food to keep ourselves energetic.
1.将第5句用定语从句进行改写升级。
2.将第7句用v.-ing形式作主语进行改写升级。
答案:1.Besides,we should focus on a balanced diet which assures us the necessary nutrients.
2.What’s more,skipping breakfast is a very bad habit,which does great harm to our health.
　　Healthy eating habits are very important for our health.But how can we develop a healthy eating habit
In my opinion,we should eat fresh fruit and vegetables every day,as they supply vitamins to us.A glass of milk in the morning or at night is also beneficial.Besides,we should focus on a balanced diet which assures us the necessary nutrients.Junk food is a fatal killer for our health,so we should stay away from it.What’s more,skipping breakfast is a very bad habit,which does great harm to our health.
All in all,we should eat healthy food to keep ourselves energetic.
请以“We Are What We Eat”为题,用英语写一篇短文,内容包括:
1.饮食习惯日益受到重视;
2.健康的饮食习惯的好处;
3.不良饮食习惯的坏处;
4.你的看法。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使文章连贯。
One possible version:
We Are What We Eat
Nowadays people are paying more and more attention to healthy eating habits.There are many good reasons for it.
First,a healthy eating habit provides some nutrients that we need to keep healthy.Meanwhile, studies have shown that a healthy diet is important in the prevention of many diseases.On the other hand,if we have a bad eating habit,like never having breakfast or eating too much sugar,it can lead to serious problems like getting too fat.
In fact,everything we eat can be either beneficial or dangerous to our health.So let’s try to keep our diet balanced.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能 之“点” 情感描写 相关词语 temper n.脾气;火气　love n.爱　afraid adj.害怕　enjoy v.享受
行为描写 相关词语 consist of 由……组成(或构成)　fill...with 用……装满　experience v.体验 make dumplings包饺子　stuff with...用……填满　slice vt.把……切成薄片
人物描写 相关词语 bold adj.大胆自信的;敢于冒险的　chef n.厨师;主厨　family n.家庭　modest adj.谦虚的;朴素的
读后续写 微技能 之“线” Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order...(心理描写) The food was wonderful and different,but what was even more important was the friendship that was offered to us.(情感描写) These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses.(行为描写) What we can say,however,is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand,and if you do not experience one,you can never really know the other.(结尾升华句)
读后续写 微技能 之“面” 读后续写——成长感悟 在家庭的温馨氛围中,我小心翼翼地将刚学会的烹饪技巧付诸实践,心中充满了期待和紧张。我切下洋葱,眼泪不自觉地流了下来,但我知道这是成长的一部分。妈妈微笑着,鼓励我大胆自信,我深吸一口气,将切好的洋葱放入锅中,那香味让我感到一丝安慰。最终,一盘简单的家常菜摆在桌上,虽然简单,却传达了爱与努力。我们围坐在一起,享受着这顿用心烹饪的晚餐,这不仅仅是一顿饭,更是家庭亲情的体现。 In the warm atmosphere of the family,I carefully put my newly learnt cooking skills into practice,1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.I slice the onion off,tears streaming down unconsciously,but I know it’s part of growing up.2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,and I take a deep breath,putting the sliced onions into the pan.The smell 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.Finally,a simple home-cooked meal is on the table.Though simple,4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.We sit together,enjoying this meal cooked from the heart,which is more than just a dinner;5.　 . 答案:1.with my heart filled with anticipation and nervousness　2.Mum smiles and encourages me to be bold　3.brings me a sense of comfort　4.it conveys love and effort　5.it’s an expression of family affection
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.consist vi.由……组成(或构成)→consistent adj.一致的;连续的;始终如一的→consistently adv.一贯地;一致地;始终如一地→consistency n.一致性;连贯性
2.elegant adj.精美的;讲究的;文雅的→elegance n.典雅;雅致→elegantly adv.优雅地;精美地
3.exceptional adj.特别的;罕见的;杰出的;优秀的→except prep.除……之外→exception n.例外;一般情况以外的人(或事物)→exceptionally adv.极其,非常;特殊地;例外地
4.stable adj.稳定的;稳重的→stability n.稳定(性);稳固(性)→stably adv.平稳地;坚固地→unstable adj.不稳定的;易变的;变化莫测的
5.association n.协会;关联→associated adj.有关联的;相关的;有联系的→associate vt.联想;联系;交往 n.同事;伙伴 adj.副的
6.regardless adv.不顾;不加理会→regarding prep.关于;至于→regard n.关注;尊敬;问候 vt.把……视为;以……看待;注视;凝视
7.moderation n.适度;合理→moderate adj.适度的;温和的→moderately adv.适度地;适量地;适
中地
8.ideal adj.完美的;理想的;想象的 n.理想;完美的人(或事物)→ideally adv.理想地;按理想来说
9.fundamental adj.根本的;基础的;基本的 n.基本规律;根本法则→fundamentally adv.根本上,完全地;基本上
Ⅱ.重点词块
1.relate...to...　　　 把……和……联系起来
2.refer to 涉及;提到;参考;谈及
3.prior to 在……之前的
4.consist of 由……组成(或构成)
5.at a minimum 在最低程度上;至少
6.go hand in hand 密切关联,相连带
7.regardless of 不管;不顾
8.cut out 停止做(或使用、食用)
9.limit...to... 把……限制在……内
10.quantities of 大量的
11.as with 至于;正如
12.on the right trick 思路或行为方式正确
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.形容词或分词短语作状语
Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese(又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识),we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
句式仿写
She finally made it to the top of the mountain,hungry but excited(虽然饥肠辘辘,但兴奋不已).
2.while引导时间状语从句
Put more simply,while people continue to argue over(当人们还在继续争论)whether or not fatty food is dangerous,we already know that sugar is a killer.
句式仿写
While you are still hesitating about(当你还在犹豫时) whether to participate in extracurricular activities,other students have already gained a lot of practical experience.(共88张PPT)
Using Language,
Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
Part 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
写作词汇
1. 　　　　 adv.有点;稍微
2. n.类别;种类
3. n.维生素
4. n.数量;数额
5. vi.& vt.咀嚼;嚼碎
n.咀嚼
somewhat
category
vitamin
quantity
chew
6. adj.些许的;谦虚的;朴素的
7. adj.一致的;连续的
8. adv.总体上;大致上
adj.全面的;综合的
modest
consistent
overall
阅读词汇
1.bun　　　 n.
2.chilli (NAmE chili) n.[pl.-es]
3.pork n.
4.pearl n.
5.madam n.
6.calorie n.
7.fibre (especially US fiber)n.
8.dairy adj.
n.
圆面包;小圆甜饼
猪肉
辣椒
珍珠
卡路里(热量单位)
夫人;女士
纤维;纤维制品
奶制的;乳品(业)的
乳制品;乳品店;牛奶厂
拓展词汇
1. n.协会;关联→associated adj.有关联的;相关的;有联系的→
associate vt.联想;联系;交往 n.同事;伙伴 adj.副的
2. adv.不顾;不加理会→regarding prep.关于;至于→regard n.关注;尊敬;问候 vt.把……视为;以……看待;注视,凝视
3. n.适度;合理→moderate adj.适度的;温和的→moderately adv.适度地;适量地;适中地
4. adj.完美的;理想的;想象的 n.理想;完美的人(或事物)→ideally adv.理想地;按理想来说
association
regardless
moderation
ideal
5. adj.根本的;基础的;基本的 n.基本规律;根本法则→
fundamentally adv.根本上,完全地;基本上
6. n.诀窍;计谋;把戏 v.欺骗;欺诈→tricky adj.棘手的,难处理的
fundamental
trick
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.regardless of　　　　
2.argue over
3.cut out
4.limit...to...
5.quantities of
6.as with
7.on the right trick
不管;不顾
争论
停止做(或使用、食用)
把……限制在……内
大量的
至于;正如
思路或行为方式正确
重点句型
1.And in America,people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association,
2014).(倍数表达法)
在美国,每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》,2014年)。
are twice as likely to die from heart disease than
2.Put more simply, whether or not fatty food is dangerous,we already know that sugar is a killer.(while引导时间状语从句)
简单地说,当人们还在为高脂肪食物是否有害而争论不休时,我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。
3.Besides this, some meat,beans,or dairy products in your diet,as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth.(it作形式主语)
此外,从饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要,因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。
while people continue to argue over
it is also important to have
4.What this means is too much food because they still feel hungry.(that引导表语从句)
这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物,因为他们仍然感到饥饿。
5. ,and to make the right decisions about your diet.(It is up to sb to do sth 由某人自己决定做某事)
你想如何生活、如何作出正确的饮食抉择,这完全取决于你自己。
that people who chew too quickly end up eating
It is up to you to decide how you want to live
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——健康饮食。
2.语篇类型:有关健康饮食的科普说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文以“健康饮食”为主题,分别从糖、新鲜食物和保持饮食均衡、细嚼慢咽以及对食物的健康态度等几个方面展开分析。阅读本文有利于培养学生对健康饮食的正确认识,形成正确的饮食观念,提高健康水平。
多维解读·浅析结构
desserts
fresh
balanced
slowly
consistent
modest
attitude
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.What is the main purpose of the passage
A.To introduce a new diet to people.
B.To tell readers what is a healthy diet.
C.To analyse the composition of food.
D.To explain the effect of sweet on health.
B
(　　)2.What is the main cause of ill health
A.Taking too much sugar. B.Eating too much fat.
C.Having too many calories. D.Taking less exercise.
(　　)3.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4
A.How to eat healthily. B.What to eat to be fit.
C.When to eat each meal. D.The reasons to eat quickly.
A
A
(　　)4.What is the writer’s attitude to eating
A.Eat for fun. B.Live to eat.
C.Eat to live. D.Eat to enjoy.
(　　)5.Where is this passage most likely from
A.A guidebook. B.A magazine.
C.A novel. D.A diary.
C
B
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
·associate vt.联想;联系;交往 n.同事;伙伴 adj.副的
·associated adj.有关联的;相关的;有联系的
[教材原句] And in America,people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association,2014).
在美国,每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》,2014年)。
1.association n.协会;关联
例 (应用文写作之邀请信)I am Li Hua,chairman of the Students’ Union.I will hold an exhibition in association with several other universities.
我是学生会主席李华,我将联合其他几所大学举办一次展览。
例 I always associate the scene with the freezing weather.
我总是把这个场景和寒冷的天气联系在一起。
例 (话题写作之健康的生活方式)Maintaining a healthy diet is associated with keeping better concentration in class.
保持健康饮食与课堂上保持更好的专注力有关。
归纳拓展 ·in association with...与……合作;与……有关联
·associate...with...把……和……联系在一起
associate with... 和……交往;和……结交
·be associated with...与……有关
[语境运用] 完成句子/熟词生义
(话题写作之学校生活)积极参与社团活动通常与培养团队合作精神相关联。
Active participation in club activities
　　　　　　 　 .
(应用文写作之活动介绍)我们学校与一家科技公司联合举办了一场科技创新大赛。
Our school held a technology innovation competition 　
　　　　　　　　.
is usually associated with cultivating
in association with a
teamwork spirit
tech company
提到英语角,我总是将其与同外国友人交流和语言能力提升联系起来。
When it comes to the English corner,I always
　　　　　　　　　　 and improving language skills.
(2025·浙江1月卷)“People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin,a Stanford associate professor of organisational behaviour.　　　
associate it with communicating
with foreign friends
adj.副的
·regarding prep.关于;至于
·regard n.关注;尊敬;问候 vt.把……视为;以……看待;注视,凝视
[教材原句] This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be.
无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康,都确实如此。
2.regardless adv.不顾;不加理会
例 I had learnt that sometimes it wasn’t about fixing everything instantly, but about showing that you cared,regardless of the past.
我已经明白,有时候重要的不是立刻解决所有问题,而是无论过去如何,都要让对方感受到你的关心。
例 Some studies have been carried out with regard to energy consumption.
已经进行了一些关于能源消耗的研究。
归纳拓展 ·regardless of=in spite of=despite 尽管;不顾(后常接名词,不接从句)
regardless of the fact that...不顾……的事实
·with regard to 关于;至于
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness 　　　　 (regard) food waste.
With regard 　　　 study groups,I find them very helpful for discussing difficult topics.
尽管在大城市生活的成本比在他们家乡的高得多,许多年轻人还是选择独自在大城市生活。
Many young people choose to live alone in big cities
　 .
regarding
to
regardless of the fact
that the cost of living there is much higher than that in their hometowns
语境串词
With regard to your approach,it is still regarded as the most practical one,regardless of its imperfection.
至于你的方法,尽管有点瑕疵,但还是被认为是最实用的。
·recommendation n.提议;推荐;推荐信
[教材原句] The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar,which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar.
美国心脏协会建议我们将每日糖摄入量限制在100至150卡路里以下,少于一听甜饮料或一块糖果通常所含的糖分。
3.recommend vt.提议;推荐;介绍;劝告;建议
例 We are recommended to maintain a balanced diet for better health and concentration.
有人建议我们保持均衡饮食以获得更好的健康状况和专注力。
例 (应用文写作之推荐信)She was recommended as the editor of the school newspaper because of her excellent writing skills.
由于出色的写作技能,她被推荐为校报的编辑。
例 I recommend adding traditional Chinese paper-cutting to the list.
我建议把中国传统剪纸加入清单。
归纳拓展 recommend sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
recommend that sb (should) do sth 建议某人做某事
recommend doing sth 建议做某事
recommend sth to sb 向某人推荐某物
recommend sb as...推荐某人为……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
(2025·浙江1月卷)Instead,she recommends 　　 　　(apply) a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,”...
The reason for my 　　　　　　　　(recommend) is that not only is the high-speed rail a symbol of technological development,but also it means a promising future for our earth.
applying
recommendation
(应用文写作之建议信)我建议你每天练习英语口语以提高你的流利度。
→
　 (recommend sb to do sth)
→
　 [recommend that sb (should) do sth]
I recommend you to practise oral English every day to improve your
fluency.
I recommend that you (should) practise oral English every day to improve
your fluency.
[教材原句] Processed foods often contain less nutrition,and have higher quantities of sugar,salt,and fat than fresh ingredients.
相比新鲜食材,加工食品通常营养成分较低,糖分、盐分和脂肪含量更高。
4.quantity n.数量;数额
例 She had prepared a large quantity of/ large quantities of snacks,while my job was to have the backyard in order.
她已经准备了大量零食,而我的任务是把后院整理好。
例 For small businesses,buying raw materials in quantity/in large quantities is a practical strategy to lower costs.
对于小型企业而言,大量采购原材料是降低成本的切实可行策略。
归纳拓展 a large/small quantity of 大量的/少量的
quantities of 大量的;许多的
in quantity 在数量上;大量地
in large quantities 大量地
温馨提示
①a quantity of/quantities of 后面既可以接可数名词也可以接不可数名词。
②“a quantity of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词与名词的数保持一致;而“quantities of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
A large quantity of money 　　　　　 　　(collect) to help those suffering from the flood.
If you buy the goods 　　　 quantity,we will offer a better price to you.
Quantities of information 　　　　(be) available online for students to research and learn about various topics.
has been collected
in
are
You must have accumulated large 　　 　　(quantity) of experience.
(应用文写作之推荐信)我想向你推荐成都,因为成都有许多景点,例如都
江堰。
I’d like to recommend Chengdu to you,because Chengdu
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,such as Dujiangyan.
quantities
has a large quantity
of/large quantities of tourist attractions
·tricky adj.棘手的,难处理的
[教材原句] There is no one trick to healthy eating.
健康饮食没有诀窍。
例 Last April Fool’s Day,my best friend tried to play a trick on me by hiding my maths textbook,making me panic for nearly ten minutes before she burst out laughing.
去年愚人节,我最好的朋友想捉弄我,把我的数学课本藏了起来。我慌了将近十分钟,她才哈哈大笑起来。
5.trick n.诀窍;计谋;把戏 v.欺骗;欺诈
例 After practising for weeks,I finally found the trick to solving this type of maths problem—start by listing out all the known information first.
经过几周的练习,我终于找到了解这类数学题的窍门:先把所有已知条件列出来。
例 He tricked her into singing in front of the whole class by telling her that was a surprise for her birthday.
他告诉她那是给她的生日惊喜,骗她在全班面前唱歌。
归纳拓展 ·play tricks/a trick on sb=play jokes/a joke on sb=make fun of sb捉弄某人
the trick of/to...……的窍门
·trick sb into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
In the movie we watched yesterday,the two kids played a trick 　 　 the naughty neighbour who always scared their dog.
He was tricked 　　 　 giving up a large quantity of money belonging to him.
(应用文写作之求助信)作为一名来自美国的交换生,我喜欢吃水饺。你可以告诉我包水饺的诀窍吗
As an exchange student from America,I like eating dumplings.
　
on
into
Would you
please tell me the trick of/to making dumplings
重点句式
[教材原句] And in America,people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association,2014).
在美国,每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》,2014年)。
倍数表达法
例 (2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Even bottled water,scientists found earlier this year,contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
科学家在今年早些时候发现,即便是瓶装水,其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10倍到1000倍。
例 (2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP is one of the first national parks in the country.
大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的3倍,是我国首批国家公园之一。
例 The population of this city now is three times what it was ten years ago.
现在这座城市的人口是10年前的3倍。
[归纳拓展]
[语境运用] 一句多译/完成句子
在建的体育馆将是操场的3倍大。
→The new stadium being built will be 　 　　　　　　　　　 the playground.(as...as)
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　 　　　　　　　 the playground.(size)
(应用文写作之感谢信)多亏您的慷慨帮助,我现在的考试分数是从前的
两倍。
Thanks to your generous help,now 　 .
three times as large as
three times the size of
my test score is double what it was before
[教材原句] Put more simply,while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous,we already know that sugar is a killer.
简单地说,当人们还在为高脂肪食物是否有害而争论不休时,我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。
while作连词的用法
例 (2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years,transport studies also show declines in pedestrian
(行人) mobility,especially among young children.
尽管近年来我们的街道在安全性方面或许已有改善,但交通研究也显示,行人的流动性有所下降,尤其是在幼儿群体中。
例 There’s plenty of rain in the southeast,while there’s little in the northwest.
东南部雨量充足,西北部则很少下雨。
[归纳拓展]
[语境运用] 完成句子
尽管我理解大家分享创意内容的热情,但我们也必须考虑其潜在的弊端。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we must also consider the potential drawbacks.
比如上个月,我们参观了一座著名的古镇,在欣赏美丽环境的同时,也了解到了它的历史。
For example,last month,we visited a famous ancient town,and we learnt about its history 　.
While I appreciate the enthusiasm for sharing creative content
while (we were) enjoying the beautiful surroundings
我喜欢在安静的环境中读书,而我哥哥则喜欢边听音乐边读书。
I like to read books in a quiet environment,
　 while reading.
while my brother prefers listening
to music
长难句分析
[教材原句] What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry.
尝试分析:本句是一个主从复合句。 是What引导的主语从句; 是that引导的表语从句; 是who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词people; 是because引导的原因状语从句。
自主翻译:这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物,因为他们仍然感到饥饿。
[语境运用] 情境写作
这意味着那些走路太快的人最终会错过路上的美景,因为他们总是急着到达他们的目的地。
What this means is that people who walk too fast end up missing the beautiful scenery on the way because they are always in a rush to get to their destinations.
写作微专题3
Writing a descriptive essay about one’s diet
1.文体类型:描述性文章,属于说明文范畴。
2.要点内容:
(1)列举健康饮食的重要性;
(2)根据现状,分析部分学生不健康饮食的种种表现;
(3)结论和改进措施(表达个人观点)。
文本解读
[思路指引]
1.首段常用句式。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
Nowadays people are beginning to pay more attention to their health than ever before.
People come to realise that good health is the most valuable thing a person can have.
As is known to all,healthy eating habits are very important for our health.
实用表达
2.中段常用句式。
It is said that most of the students do not eat anything at all in the morning,which is very bad for their health.
Doctors advise us teenagers to sleep at least 8 hours each day.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a person healthy,wealthy and wise.
Taking exercise is closely related to health.
Besides,we should focus on a balanced diet which assures us the necessary nutrition.
As the saying goes,bread is the staff of life,eating healthily and deliciously is the goal we pursue.
3.尾段常用句式。
As far as I am concerned,health is more important than wealth.
Healthy eating habits are very important for our health.
In my opinion,we should develop good healthy eating habits.
From my point of view,in order to develop healthy eating habits,we should eat more vegetables and less fat and sugar.
All in all,we should realise the importance of a healthy diet.
In conclusion,if we stick to the advice given above,we will lead a healthy life.
人们的健康很大程度上受制于饮食习惯。请你写一篇英语作文,就如何养成良好的饮食习惯发表你的看法。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
佳作建构
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　　　　垃圾食品
2.　　　　　　　　 n.维生素
junk food
vitamin
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.健康的饮食习惯对我们的健康非常重要。
Healthy eating habits are very important for our health.
2.但我们如何能养成一个健康的饮食习惯呢
But how can we develop a healthy eating habit
3.在我看来,我们应该每天吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜,因为它们为我们提供了维生素。
In my opinion,we should eat fresh fruit and vegetables every day,as they supply vitamins to us.
4.早上或晚上喝一杯牛奶也是有益的。
A glass of milk in the morning or at night is also beneficial.
5.除此之外,我们还应该注重均衡饮食,它保证我们必要的营养。
Besides,we should focus on a balanced diet and it assures us the necessary nutrients.
6.垃圾食品是我们的健康的致命杀手,所以我们应该远离它。
Junk food is a fatal killer for our health,so we should stay away from it.
7.另外,不吃早餐是一个很不好的习惯,这对我们的健康有很大的危害。
What’s more,it is a very bad habit to skip breakfast,which does great harm to our health.
8.总之,我们应该吃健康的食物,保持精力充沛。
All in all,we should eat healthy food to keep ourselves energetic.
亮点提升
1.将第5句用定语从句进行改写升级。
Besides,we should focus on a balanced diet which assures us the necessary nutrients.
2.将第7句用v.-ing形式作主语进行改写升级。
What’s more,skipping breakfast is a very bad habit,which does great harm to our health.
范文展示
　　Healthy eating habits are very important for our health.But how can we develop a healthy eating habit
In my opinion,we should eat fresh fruit and vegetables every day,as they supply vitamins to us.A glass of milk in the morning or at night is also beneficial.Besides,we should focus on a balanced diet which assures us the necessary nutrients.Junk food is a fatal killer for our health,so we should stay away from it.What’s more,skipping breakfast is a very bad habit,which does great harm to our health.
All in all,we should eat healthy food to keep ourselves energetic.
写作练习
请以“We Are What We Eat”为题,用英语写一篇短文,内容包括:
1.饮食习惯日益受到重视;
2.健康的饮食习惯的好处;
3.不良饮食习惯的坏处;
4.你的看法。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使文章连贯。
写作指导
One possible version:
We Are What We Eat
Nowadays people are paying more and more attention to healthy eating habits.There are many good reasons for it.
First,a healthy eating habit provides some nutrients that we need to keep healthy.Meanwhile,studies have shown that a healthy diet is important in the prevention of many diseases.On the other hand,if we have a bad eating habit,like never having breakfast or eating too much sugar,it can lead to serious problems like getting too fat.
In fact,everything we eat can be either beneficial or dangerous to our health.So let’s try to keep our diet balanced.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能 之“点” 情感描写 相关词语 temper n.脾气;火气　love n.爱　afraid adj.害怕　enjoy v.享受
行为描写 相关词语 consist of 由……组成(或构成)　fill...with 用……装满　experience v.体验
make dumplings包饺子　stuff with...用……填满　slice vt.把……切成薄片
人物描写 相关词语 bold adj.大胆自信的;敢于冒险的　chef n.厨师;主厨　family n.家庭　modest adj.谦虚的;朴素的
读后续写 微技能 之“线” Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order...(心理描写)
The food was wonderful and different,but what was even more important was the friendship that was offered to us.(情感描写)
These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses.
(行为描写)
What we can say,however,is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand,and if you do not experience one,you can never really know the other.(结尾升华句)
读后续写微技能 之“面”
读后续写——成长感悟
在家庭的温馨氛围中,我小心翼翼地将刚学会的烹饪技巧付诸实践,心中充满了期待和紧张。我切下洋葱,眼泪不自觉地流了下来,但我知道这是成长的一部分。妈妈微笑着,鼓励我大胆自信,我深吸一口气,将切好的洋葱放入锅中,那香味让我感到一丝安慰。最终,一盘简单的家常菜摆在桌上,虽然简单,却传达了爱与努力。我们围坐在一起,享受着这顿用心烹饪的晚餐,这不仅仅是一顿饭,更是家庭亲情的体现。
读后续写 微技能 之“面”
In the warm atmosphere of the family,I carefully put my newly learnt cooking skills into practice,1.
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　.I slice the onion off,tears streaming down unconsciously,but I know it’s part of growing up.2.
　　　　　　　　　　　 　,and I take a deep breath,putting the sliced onions into the pan.The smell 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
Finally,a simple home-cooked meal is on the table.Though simple,
4.　　　　　　　　　　 　.We sit together,enjoying this meal cooked from the heart,which is more than just a dinner;5.
　 .
with my heart filled with
Mum smiles
anticipation and nervousness
and encourages me to be bold
brings me a sense of comfort
it conveys love and effort
it’s an
expression of family affection
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.consist vi.由……组成(或构成)→ adj.一致的;连续的;始终如一的→ adv.一贯地;一致地;始终如一地→ n.一致性;连贯性
2.elegant adj.精美的;讲究的;文雅的→ n.典雅;雅致→ adv.优雅地;精美地
3.exceptional adj.特别的;罕见的;杰出的;优秀的→ prep.除……之外→ n.例外;一般情况以外的人(或事物)→ adv.极其,非常;特殊地;例外地
consistent
consistently
consistency
elegance
elegantly
except
exception
exceptionally
4.stable adj.稳定的;稳重的→ n.稳定(性);稳固(性)→ adv.平稳地;坚固地→ adj.不稳定的;易变的;变化莫测的
5.association n.协会;关联→ adj.有关联的;相关的;有联系的→
vt.联想;联系;交往 n.同事;伙伴 adj.副的
6.regardless adv.不顾;不加理会→ prep.关于;至于→ n.关注;尊敬;问候 vt.把……视为;以……看待;注视;凝视
stability
stably
unstable
associated
associate
regarding
regard
7.moderation n.适度;合理→ adj.适度的;温和的→ adv.适度地;适量地;适中地
8.ideal adj.完美的;理想的;想象的 n.理想;完美的人(或事物)→ adv.理想地;按理想来说
9.fundamental adj.根本的;基础的;基本的 n.基本规律;根本法则→
adv.根本上,完全地;基本上
moderate
moderately
ideally
fundamentally
Ⅱ.重点词块
1.relate...to...　　　
2.refer to
3.prior to
4.consist of
5.at a minimum
6.go hand in hand
7.regardless of
把……和……联系起来
涉及;提到;参考;谈及
在……之前的
由……组成(或构成)
在最低程度上;至少
密切关联,相连带
不管;不顾
8.cut out
9.limit...to...
10.quantities of
11.as with
12.on the right trick
停止做(或使用、食用)
把……限制在……内
大量的
至于;正如
思路或行为方式正确
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.形容词或分词短语作状语
(又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识),we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
句式仿写
She finally made it to the top of the mountain, (虽然饥肠辘辘,但兴奋不已).
Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese
hungry but excited
2.while引导时间状语从句
Put more simply, (当人们还在继续争论)
whether or not fatty food is dangerous,we already know that sugar is a killer.
句式仿写
(当你还在犹豫时) whether to participate in extracurricular activities,other students have already gained a lot of practical experience.
while people continue to argue over
While you are still hesitating about[词汇串记·语段感知]
　　A good diet doesn’t just taste great—it keeps us healthy too.It should consist of various foods.For example,when cooking lamb,adding garlic and onion can make it more tasty.Don’t forget vegetables like cabbage,which are rich in vitamins.
If you eat at the canteen,choose balanced meals instead of only fried food.Desserts are nice,but don’t consume too many—they have high calories.An ideal diet isn’t about being perfect;it’s about making smart choices overall.With simple recipes and fresh ingredients,you can even cook exceptional and healthy dishes that are good for your body and taste very delicious.
良好的饮食不仅味道好,还能让我们保持健康。它应当包含各种各样的食物。比如,烹饪羊肉时加入蒜和洋葱,能让羊肉更美味。别忘了卷心菜这类蔬菜,它们富含维生素。
如果在食堂吃饭,要选择营养均衡的餐食,而不是只吃油炸食品。甜点固然不错,但不要吃太多 —— 它们的卡路里含量很高。理想的饮食并非要追求完美,关键在于从总体上作出明智的选择。只要有简单的食谱和新鲜的材料,甚至你也能做出既特别又健康的菜肴,这些菜肴对身体有益,而且味道十分美味。
Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
写作词汇
1.cuisine　　　　 n.菜肴;风味;烹饪
2.recipe n.烹饪法;食谱
3.chef n.厨师;主厨
4.stuff vt.填满;把……塞进
n.东西;物品
5.temper n.脾气;火气
6.cabbage n.甘蓝;卷心菜;洋白菜
7.brand n.品牌
8.dessert n.(饭后)甜点
9.canteen n.食堂;餐厅
10.cafeteria n.自助餐厅;自助食堂
阅读词汇
1.pepper　　　　 n.甜椒;灯笼椒;胡椒粉
2.bold adj.大胆自信的;敢于冒险的
3.peppercorn n.胡椒粒
4.vinegar n.醋
5.slice n.(切下的食物)薄片
vt.把……切成薄片
6.onion n.洋葱;葱头
7.lamb n.羊羔肉;羔羊
8.vegetarian n.素食者
9.junk n.无用的东西
10.garlic n.蒜
11.bacon n.熏猪肉;咸肉
12.ham n.火腿
13.sausage n.香肠;腊肠
14.bean curd n.(=tofu)豆腐
15.olive n.油橄榄;橄榄树
16.fig n.无花果
17.ingredient n.(尤指烹饪)材料;成分
18.dough n.生面团
19.haggis n.(苏格兰)羊杂碎肚
拓展词汇
1.prior adj.先前的;优先的→priority n.优先;优先权;优先事项;最重要的事→prioritise vt.优先处理;优先考虑
2.consist vi.由……组成(或构成)→consistent adj.一致的;连续的;始终如一的→consistently adv.一贯地;一致地;始终如一地→consistency n.一致性;连贯性
3.elegant adj.精美的;讲究的;文雅的→elegance n.典雅;雅致→elegantly adv.优雅地;精美地
4.exceptional adj.特别的;罕见的;杰出的;优秀的→except prep.除……之外→exception n.例外;一般情况以外的人(或事物)→exceptionally adv.极其,非常;特殊地;例外地
5.minimum n.最小值;最少量 adj.最低(限度)的;最小的→minimise vt.使减少到最低限度;使显得不重要;使最小化→maximum adj.最大极限的;最高的;最多的
6.consume vt.吃;喝;饮;消耗→consumption n.(能量、食物或材料的)消耗,消耗量;消费→consumer n.消费者;顾客;用户
7.stable adj.稳定的;稳重的→stability n.稳定(性);稳固(性)→stably adv.平稳地;坚固地→unstable adj.不稳定的;易变的;变化莫测的
重点词块
1.relate...to...　　　 把……和……联系起来
2.refer to 涉及;提到;参考;谈及
3.prior to 在……之前的
4.consist of 由……组成 (或构成)
5.over an open fire 在篝火上
6.at a minimum 在最低程度上;至少
7.go hand in hand 密切关联,相连带
8.slice...off 切下
重点句型
1.Tell me what you eat,and I will tell you what you are.(祈使句+and+陈述句)
告诉我你平时吃什么,我就可以说出你是个什么样的人。
2.For example,America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken,which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers.(非限制性定语从句;过去分词作后置定语)
例如,在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠甜辣鸡”,它是在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱,再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。
3.On the other hand,it does tell us a lot about Americans.(强调谓语动词)
不过在另一方面,它确实让我们对美国人有了更多了解。
4.Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.(形容词和现在分词短语作状语)
又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
5.The food was wonderful and different,but what was even more important was the friendship that was offered to us.(what引导主语从句)
食物妙不可言、与众不同,但更为重要的是我们所收获的友谊。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——饮食与文化。
2.语篇类型:一篇分析食物与文化关系的事理说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文通过引用法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚-萨瓦兰的哲理名言,阐释了本文的主要内容——食物与性格、文化的关系。本文还联系中国各地的特色美食文化,指出文化和美食是相辅相成的,只有亲身体验,才可能真正地深入了解。学习本文,有助于学生了解博大精深的中国饮食文化,坚定文化自信,并帮助学生了解中外特色菜肴及饮食文化差异,深入理解饮食与文化的关系,增强跨文化沟通意识,提高跨文化沟通能力。
多维解读·浅析结构
答案:1.what　2.experiences　3.America　4.Shandong　5.Xinjiang　6.Guangdong and Henan　7.hand in hand
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.Why does the author cite “You are what you eat.” in Paragraph 1
A.Because he wants to introduce the theme of the passage.
B.Because he wants to persuade people to eat healthy food.
C.Because he wants to show the impact of food on health.
D.Because he wants to prove culture has little to do with cuisine.
(　　)2.Why did the author and his family go to a Sichuan restaurant
A.Because they had a special preference for Sichuan cuisine.
B.Because they accepted the recommendation from a friend.
C.Because they hoped to have a taste of Sichuan peppercorns.
D.Because they heard that the chef there had great cooking skills.
(　　)3.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.The brave people often enjoy eating spicy food.
B.We should be brave to taste new kinds of food.
C.People’s personalities are linked to what they eat to some extent.
D.In a sense spicy food will lead to a quarrel.
(　　)4.What is the author’s opinion about culture and cuisine
A.Cuisine has nothing to do with culture.
B.The foods a person eats can reflect his personality vividly.
C.Culture and cuisine are closely related to each other.
D.Cuisine only shows what people grow or raise in their region.
(　　)5.Where is the passage probably taken from
A.Internet. B.Travel journal.
C.Medical report. D.Magazine about food and culture.
答案:1.A　2.B　3.C　4.C　5.D
二次开发·深研课文
Most people today relate the saying “You are what you eat.” to healthy eating.1.　　　　(actual),it also refers to our personality,character,and culture,2.　　　　 seems to be true in many ways.For example,America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken,which
3.　　　　(consist) of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers.It is a Chinese dish 4.　　　　(change) to suit American tastes.It tells us that Americans love bold, simple flavours and that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.Later,I had a chance 5.　　　　　　　　(experience) authentic Chinese food in different places.I had my first taste of Sichuan peppercorns in a Sichuan restaurant in Beijing.The 6.　　　　(famous) food in Shandong is pancake rolls which 7.　　　　　　　(stuff) with sliced Chinese green onions.People in Xinjiang like boiled or roasted meat.In 8.　　　　 word,through food,Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.At a minimum,the 9.　　　　(kind) of food local people consume tell us a lot about the people there.10.　　　　we can say is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand.If you do not experience one,you can never really know the other.
答案:1.Actually　2.which　3.consists　4.changed　5.to experience　6.most famous　7.are stuffed　8.a　9.kinds　10.What
1.prior adj.先前的;优先的
·priority n.优先;优先权;优先事项;最重要的事
·prioritise vt.优先处理;优先考虑
[教材原句] Prior to coming to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
来中国之前,我只在美国接触过中式烹饪,那里的中国食物已被改变,以适应美国人的口味。
例 I now realise that prior to making that decision,I should have considered the long-term consequences rather than just short-term benefits.
我现在意识到,在作那个决定之前,我本应考虑长期后果,而非仅仅关注短期利益。
例 Compared with traditional fuel-powered cars,electric vehicles are superior to them in terms of energy efficiency and environmental friendliness.
与传统燃油车相比,电动汽车在能效和环保性上优于前者。
归纳拓展 ·prior to 在……之前的 ·a high/low priority 重点/非重点项目 a top priority 当务之急 take priority over...优先于……
①“在……之前”的其他表达如下:
ahead of 在……之前
in advance 预先;提前
②prior为无比较等级形容词,如果表示“在……之前”,要借助于介词to。与“(be) prior to”结构相似的短语如下:
(be) senior to 比……级别高/年长
(be) junior to 比……级别低/年幼
(be) inferior to 不如……
(be) superior to 超过……;胜过……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Prior to 　　　　(leave) for France,he has been exposed to various French traditional cultures.
(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Physical health and mental health are the 　(prior).
(应用文写作之建议信)对于希望提高学习效率的学生来说,找到一个好的学习小组是当务之急。
Finding a good study group can be 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 who want to improve their learning efficiency.
他比我小六岁,但在公司里职位比我高。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　by six years,but 　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the company.
答案: leaving　 priority　 a top priority for students　 is junior to me;senior to me
2.consist of由……组成(或构成)
[教材原句] For example,America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken,which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers.
例如,在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠甜辣鸡”,它是在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱,再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。
例 Listening is thus an active,not a passive behaviour consisting of hearing,understanding and remembering.
因此,听是一种主动的,而不是被动的行为,它包含听、理解和记忆。
例 The strength of our team consists in the good teamwork among us.
我们团队的优势在于我们之间良好的团队合作(氛围)。
例 Her actions are always consistent with her words,which is why we trust her.
她的行为总是与她的言语一致,这就是我们信任她的原因。
归纳拓展 ·consist in=lie in存在于;在于 consist with与……一致;并存 ·consistent adj.一致的;连续的;始终如一的 be consistent with...与……一致的;相符的 ·consistency n.一致性;连贯性 ·consistently adv.一贯地;一致地;始终如一地
表示“由……组成”的短语还有“be made up of”“be composed of”“be comprised of”等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Our class 　　　　(consist) of 45 students is the best one in our school.
(话题写作之语言学习)She 　　　　(consistent) practises every day when learning a new language,and she makes quick progress.
(应用文写作之活动介绍)昨天艺术中心举办了传统中国画作品展,这次展览包括几十幅我们校友画的作品。
A traditional Chinese painting exhibition 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was held yesterday in the art centre.
答案: consisting　 consistently　 consisting of/made up of/composed of/comprised of dozens of works painted by our schoolmates
Our class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.Everyone’s words are consistent with their deeds,and they also subscribe to the fact that the true wealth does not consist in what we have,but in what we are.
我们的班级由25名男生和20名女生组成。每个学生都言行一致,他们也都认同“真正的财富不在于我们所拥有的,而在于我们自身的价值”这个事实。
3.exceptional adj.特别的;罕见的;杰出的;优秀的
·except prep.除……之外
·exception n.例外;一般情况以外的人(或事物)
·exceptionally adv.极其,非常;特殊地;例外地
[教材原句] In each place we went,we experienced wonderful local dishes,from Guangdong’s elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan.
我们每到一处,都会品尝当地美食,有广东的精致点心——那是放在竹蒸笼里蒸出来的小份食品——还有河南独特的烩面。
例 In this art competition,her painting stood out with its exceptional creativity and wonderful colour use.
在这次艺术比赛中,她的画作以其特别的创意和绝妙的色彩运用脱颖而出。
例 (应用文写作之通知)Without exception,all applications must be submitted by the end of this month to be considered.
毫无例外,所有申请都必须在本月底前提交,方能予以考虑。
例 I like this book except for the ending which I found a bit disappointing.
我喜欢这本书,除了结局,我觉得结局有点令人失望。
归纳拓展 ·except for 除……之外 except that...除了……;只是…… ·with the exception of 除……之外;不包括……在内 without/with no exception一律;无一例外
except for表示“除……以外(除去另类的内容)”;except表示“除……之外(不包含在内)”,而besides表示“除……之外(还有)”。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之人物介绍)The teacher was 　　　　(exceptional) patient with the students who were struggling to understand the concept.
The park is beautiful at any time of the year 　　　　 the exception of winter when it’s quite bare.
Children,　　　　 exception,need love and guidance to develop a healthy sense of self.
(读后续写之场景描写)电话线另一端一片寂静,只有她的啜泣声。
The line was quiet on the other side
　.
答案: exceptionally　 with　 without　 except for her sobbing
4.minimum n.最小值;最少量adj.最低(限度)的;最小的
·minimise/-ze vt.使减少到最低限度;使显得不重要;使最小化
·maximum adj.最大极限的;最高的;最多的
[教材原句] At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region,what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.
当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道他们在该地区种植什么作物,过着怎样的生活,喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。
例 The company promises to pay all full-time staff salaries above the minimum wage set by the local government.
该公司承诺,向所有全职员工支付的工资将高于当地政府规定的最低工资标准。
例 (应用文写作之建议信)To focus better,you should keep distractions to a minimum while studying.
为了更好地集中注意力,你应该在学习时尽量减少让你分心的事物。
归纳拓展 above/below the minimum 超过/低于最低限度 at a minimum 在最低程度上;至少 keep...to a minimum 把……保持在最低限度
[语境运用] 完成句子
她辞去了之前的工作,因为即便涨过薪,那份薪资在该市依然低于最低标准。
She quit her previous job because the salary,even after a raise,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the city.
为了保持健康,你每周至少要锻炼三次。
To stay healthy,you should 　.
在小组讨论中,我尽量把我的发言时间控制在最低限度,以便给其他同学更多的发言机会。
In group discussions,I try to to give other classmates more opportunities to speak.
答案: remained below the minimum　 exercise three times a week at a minimum　 keep my speaking time to a minimum
5.go hand in hand 密切关联,相连带
[教材原句] What we can say,however,is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand,and if you do not experience one,you can never really know the other.
但是,我们可以确定的是,文化和美食这两者息息相关,如果你没有体验过其中的一个,你就永远无法真正了解另一个。
例 As the saying goes,success and failure always go hand in hand.
俗话说,成功与失败总是密切关联的。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)He stopped to lend a hand when I struggled with groceries—reminding me kindness isn’t big,just willing to act.
我拎着杂货吃力前行时,他停下脚步帮了我一把——这提醒我,善意不分大小,只在于愿意
行动。
归纳拓展 hand in hand手拉手 at first hand第一手;亲自 hold sb’s hand (困难时)给某人支持;拉某人一把 lend/give sb a (helping) hand 向某人伸出援助之手,帮某人一把 in hand在手头;可供使用;在掌握中;正在处理中 on the other hand另一方面
[语境运用] 完成句子
(应用文写作之建议信)一方面,我们应该对未来保持乐观(的态度),但另一方面,我们应该作好充分准备。
On the one hand,we should be optimistic about our future,but 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we should make full preparations.
体育锻炼与心理健康相辅相成,因为定期锻炼可以减少压力并改善心情。
Physical exercise and mental health 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,as regular workouts can reduce stress and improve mood.
(读后续写之主旨升华)我痛哭时,他紧紧握着我的手——这让我明白,支持从不是响亮的言语,而是一只始终不愿松开的手。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,letting me know support isn’t loud words,just a hand that won’t let go.
答案: on the other hand　 go hand in hand
held my hand tightly when I cried
do/does/did+动词原形,强调谓语动词
[教材原句] On the other hand,it does tell us a lot about Americans.
不过在另一方面,它确实让我们对美国人有了更多了解。
例 (2025·浙江1月卷)I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive,they do make better decisions.
我一直在尝试这些方法,并且发现当我不那么严格地限制(他们)时,他们确实能作出更好的
决策。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)After all,I did care about how others would think of me.
毕竟,我确实在意别人怎么看我。
归纳拓展 ·“do/does/did+动词原形”结构,用于强调谓语时要注意: (1)句子是肯定句; (2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时; ·“do/does/did+动词原形”结构只能用来强调谓语动词,若强调主语、宾语、表语、状语等,则应用“It is/was...that/who...”句型进行强调。
[语境运用] 完成句子/翻译句子
众所周知,确实存在一个普遍现象:越来越多的人喜欢用手机拍摄短视频。
As we all know,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that an increasing number of people are fond of filming short videos with their phones.
许多学生确实意识到:小小的努力,也能给有需要的人带来巨大影响。
正是那次失败让我意识到努力的重要性。
答案: there does exist a common phenomenon　
Many students did realise that small efforts could make a big difference to those in need.
It was that failure that made me realise the importance of hard work.
形容词或分词短语作状语
[教材原句] Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
例 Surprised but curious,they decided to take it to the police to find out the truth.
惊讶但又好奇,他们决定把它交给警察来查明真相。
例 She hesitated for a moment,clearly uncomfortable,before speaking up.
她犹豫了片刻,显然有些不自在,然后才开口说话。
[归纳拓展]
[语境运用] 完成句子
莉莉走进教室,脸色苍白又疲惫,一言不发地瘫坐在椅子上。
Lily walked into the classroom,　　　　　　　　　　　　,and collapsed onto her chair without saying a word.
她打开礼盒,又惊又喜,用手捂住嘴不让自己呼喊出声。
She opened the gift box,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,and covered her mouth to hold back her cry.
(读后续写之情感描写)既兴奋又感动,他们泪流满面。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,they were in tears.
答案: pale and tired　 surprised and delighted　 Excited and moved
[教材原句] At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.
尝试分析:本句是主从复合句,主句主语是the kinds of food,谓语是tell; 为省略关系词that/which的定语从句,修饰先行词the kinds of food; 为三个what引导的宾语从句,作tell的宾语。
自主翻译:当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道他们在该地区种植什么作物,过着怎样的生活,喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。
[语境运用] 情境写作
至少,人们在节日期间遵循的传统,能告诉我们他们在文化中珍视什么、代代相传的故事是什么,以及他们对未来怀揣着怎样的期望。
At a minimum,the traditions people follow during festivals tell us what they value in their culture,what stories they pass down through generations,and what hopes they hold for the future.
语法微专题3　过去完成时与过去完成时的被动语态
Prior to coming to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
When my family and I had just arrived in China,we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.
A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend,and finally,we found it.
Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
　　通过观察可知,上述句子中用了过去完成时或过去完成时的被动语态。
一、过去完成时
1.过去完成时的含义。
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或结果,用来指在另一个过去动作之前就已经完成了的事件。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,侧重事情的结果。基本结构为“had+动词过去分词”。
(1)肯定句的结构为“主语+had+动词过去分词+其他.”。
(2025·浙江1月卷)The couple had both gone to work,so it was strange that someone was over there.
这对夫妇都去上班了,所以很奇怪那边居然有人。
(2)否定句的结构为“主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他.”。
(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)One August afternoon,I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding.
8月的一个午后,我坐在厨房里,凝视着一只玻璃花瓶——自婚礼之后,它就再没见过天日。
(3)一般疑问句的结构为“Had +主语+动词过去分词+其他 ”。
肯定回答用“Yes,主语+had.”。
否定回答用“No,主语+hadn’t.”。
—Had you visited here before
——你以前参观过这里吗
—Yes,I had./No,I hadn’t.
——是,我参观过。/没有,我以前没有参观过。
(4)特殊疑问句的结构为“特殊疑问词+had+主语+动词过去分词+其他 ”。
Where had you been before you came here
你来这里之前去了哪里
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
By the time we got a report,the firemen 　　　　　　　　 (put) out the fire already.
The interviewer was interested in the grades I 　　　　　　　　 (get) in the exams.
When I got up this morning,I found that the rain 　　　　　　　　(stop) and the sun was shining.
答案: had put　 had got　 had stopped
2.过去完成时的用法。
(1)表示过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。常和by、before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句连用。
By nine o’clock last night,we had received 200 pictures from the spaceship.
截至昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到宇宙飞船发来的200张图片。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes before a bus finally came.
我在公共汽车站等了20分钟才来了一辆公共汽车。
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for、since构成的时间状语连用。
He told us that he had conducted the scientific research for five years.
他告诉我们他已经进行了5年的科学研究。
(3)用think、want、hope、mean、plan、intend等动词的过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。
I had never thought that you were content to help me.
我从未想过你愿意帮我。
She had meant to tell him the truth yesterday,yet his cold attitude made her hold back.
她昨天本打算告诉他真相,可他冷淡的态度让她退缩了。
(4)过去完成时常常用在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
He said that he had known her well.
他说他很了解她。
He realised he had kept the secret to himself since their argument weeks ago.
他意识到,自从几周前他们发生争执以来,他一直将这个秘密藏在心里。
(5)状语从句中,在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,动作发生在前,动词用过去完成时;动作发生在后,动词用一般过去时。状语从句常由when、before、after引导。
When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.
我醒来时,雨已经停了。
在before、after引导的时间状语从句中,由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主句、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主句、从句多用一般过去时。
After he arrived in the UK,he worked hard to improve his English.
到达英国之后,他努力提高自己的英语水平。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
We 　　　　　　　　(mean) to set out before dawn,but the sudden rain forced us to delay.
She told me she 　　　　　　　　(work) as a teacher since she graduated from college.
He 　　　　　　　　 (teach) English for twenty years when he retired.
答案: had meant　 had worked　 had taught
3.过去完成时的常用固定句型。
(1)在“主语+had hardly/scarcely/no sooner+动词过去分词+when/than从句(从句用一般过去时)”中,当hardly、scarcely、no sooner等表示否定意义的词位于句首时,主句要用倒装结构。
I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.
=No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
我刚到家就下雨了。
(2)It was+一段时间+since从句(从句用过去完成时)。
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有3个月了。
(3)It was the first/second/...time+(that)从句(从句用过去完成时)。
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
(4)主句(过去完成时)+by the time...(一般过去时)。
We had got everything ready by the time they arrived.
在他们到达之前,我们已经作好一切准备了。
(5)主句(过去完成时)+by the end of...(表示过去的时间)。
By the end of last term,we had learnt English at least for four years.
到上个学期末,我们至少已经学习了4年英语。
(6)在“主语+was/were+the+最高级+名词+定语从句”中,从句的谓语动词常常使用过去完成时。
It was the best book I had ever read.
这是我读过的最好的一本书。
(7)在if引导的虚拟条件句中,叙述的内容与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词要用had done。
If I had followed your advice,I wouldn’t have got into trouble.
要是当初听了你的建议,我就不会陷入麻烦了。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
No sooner 　　　　　　　　 (have) the boy spoken these words than his deskmate hit him on the shoulder with a pencil.
By the end of yesterday,we 　　　　　　　(receive) over 1,000 letters from all over the world.
It was the first time that they 　　　　　　　　 (enjoy) such a wonderful performance.
答案: had　 had received　 had enjoyed
二、过去完成时的被动语态
1.概念。
过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成,且主语与谓语动词之间是被动关系。
2.构成。
(1)肯定结构:主语+had been done
(2)否定结构:主语+had not been done
3.过去完成时的被动语态的用法。
(1)表示过去某一时间或事件以前已经完成的被动的动作,常与by、before等引导的时间状语连用。
By the time he got to the school,the first lesson had been finished.
当他到达学校时,第一节课已经结束了。
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.
在老师来之前,教室还没有打扫干净。
(2)在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词之后的宾语从句中,若表示过去某一被动动作时,用过去完成时。
The company said the production costs had been reduced.
该公司说,生产成本已经降低。
The media reported that more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.
媒体报道,地震中有1 000多人丧生。
(3)根据语境可以判断出动作先后的被动语态,用过去完成时。
He did what he had been told to.
他按吩咐做了。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
All the film tickets 　　　　　　　　 (sell) out when I got to the cinema.
Yesterday we expressed our congratulations to Tom,who 　　　　　　　　(elect) chairman of our Students’ Union.
答案: had been sold　 had been elected
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)We 　　　　　　　　(decide) on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town,donated what we could,and rented a place to store our supposedly important objects.
2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Most famously,a Canadian journalist who 　　　　　　　　(move) her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.
3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I 　　　　　　　　(plan) to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference.Due to a big storm,my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.
答案及剖析:
1.had decided　考查动词的时态。根据语境可知,decide发生在donate和rent之前,即过去的过去,要用过去完成时。故填had decided。
2.had moved　考查动词的时态。根据语境可知,move发生在lead之前,即过去的过去,要用过去完成时。故填had moved。
3.had planned　考查动词的时态。根据后一句的时态并结合句意可知,此处应用过去完成时,表示“本打算”。故填had planned。
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.When I got to the party,I realised I 　　　　　　　　(leave) the gift in my office.
2.It was the first time that they 　　　　　　　　 (see) such a romantic film.
3.When she woke up,she found that her barn 　　　　　　　　 (destroy) by the thunderstorm.
4.A local radio said that several eruptions 　　　　　　　　 (take) place in the previous twenty years.
5.Hardly had I　　　　(come) out of the railway station when my parents 　　　　(run) to me and 　　　　(help) me carry my luggage.
答案:1.had left　2.had seen　3.had been destroyed
4.had taken　5.come;ran;helped
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.飞机上坐在我旁边的人很紧张,因为他以前从没乘过飞机。
The person sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous,because 　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　.
2.他本希望赶上6点半的公共汽车,但发现车已经开走了。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the 6:30 bus,but found it gone.
3.当她意识到她所做的事情时,她的脸红了。
Her face turned red 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.一听到我得到允许参加这次活动的消息,我就马上告诉了母亲。
Upon hearing the news that I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I informed my mum of it at once.
答案:1.he had never been on a plane before
2.had hoped to catch
3.when she realised what she had done
4.had been allowed to take part in the activity
Ⅲ.语篇填空
Our school was built at the beginning of the 20th century.Before I studied there,it 1.　　　　　　　　 (be) famous throughout the country.By 1978,the school’s use 2.　　　　　　　　 (change) several times.By the end of last century,our school 3.　　　　　　　　 (become) a provincial model high school.When I graduated,our school 4.　　　　　　　　 (win) many honours both at home and abroad.Before last year’s anniversary of the foundation of our school,all the school buildings 5.　　　　　　　　 (rebuild) and it is now larger and more beautiful than before.
答案:1.had been　2.had changed　3.had become
4.had won　5.had been rebuilt(共92张PPT)
UNIT 3
FOOD AND CULTURE
[词汇串记·语段感知]
　　A good diet doesn’t just taste great—it keeps us healthy too.It should consist of various foods.For example,when cooking lamb,adding garlic and onion can make it more tasty.Don’t forget vegetables like cabbage,which are rich in vitamins.
If you eat at the canteen,choose balanced meals instead of only fried food.Desserts are nice,but don’t consume too many—they have high calories.An ideal diet isn’t about being perfect;it’s about making smart choices overall.With simple recipes and fresh ingredients,you can even cook exceptional and healthy dishes that are good for your body and taste very delicious.
良好的饮食不仅味道好,还能让我们保持健康。它应当包含各种各样的食物。比如,烹饪羊肉时加入蒜和洋葱,能让羊肉更美味。别忘了卷心菜这类蔬菜,它们富含维生素。
如果在食堂吃饭,要选择营养均衡的餐食,而不是只吃油炸食品。甜点固然不错,但不要吃太多 —— 它们的卡路里含量很高。理想的饮食并非要追求完美,关键在于从总体上作出明智的选择。只要有简单的食谱和新鲜的材料,甚至你也能做出既特别又健康的菜肴,这些菜肴对身体有益,而且味道十分美味。
Reading and Thinking, Learning About Language
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
写作词汇
1. 　　 n.菜肴;风味;烹饪
2. n.烹饪法;食谱
3. n.厨师;主厨
4. vt.填满;把……塞进
n.东西;物品
cuisine
recipe
chef
stuff
5. n.脾气;火气
6. n.甘蓝;卷心菜;洋白菜
7. n.品牌
8. n.(饭后)甜点
9. n.食堂;餐厅
10. n.自助餐厅;自助食堂
temper
cabbage
brand
dessert
canteen
cafeteria
阅读词汇
1.pepper　　　　n.
2.bold adj.
3.peppercorn n.
4.vinegar n.
5.slice n.
vt.
甜椒;灯笼椒;胡椒粉
大胆自信的;敢于冒险的
胡椒粒
醋
(切下的食物)薄片
把……切成薄片
6.onion n.
7.lamb n.
8.vegetarian n.
9.junk n.
10.garlic n.
11.bacon n.
12.ham n.
13.sausage n.
14.bean curd n.(=tofu)
洋葱;葱头
羊羔肉;羔羊
素食者
无用的东西
蒜
熏猪肉;咸肉
火腿
香肠;腊肠
豆腐
15.olive n.
16.fig n.
17.ingredient n.
18.dough n.
19.haggis n.
油橄榄;橄榄树
无花果
(尤指烹饪)材料;成分
生面团
(苏格兰)羊杂碎肚
拓展词汇
1. adj.先前的;优先的→priority n.优先;优先权;优先事项;最重要的事→prioritise vt.优先处理;优先考虑
2. vi.由……组成(或构成)→consistent adj.一致的;连续的;始终如一的→consistently adv.一贯地;一致地;始终如一地→consistency n.一致性;连贯性
3. adj.精美的;讲究的;文雅的→elegance n.典雅;雅致→elegantly adv.优雅地;精美地
prior
consist
elegant
4. adj.特别的;罕见的;杰出的;优秀的→except prep.除……之外→exception n.例外;一般情况以外的人(或事物)→exceptionally adv.极其,非常;特殊地;例外地
5. n.最小值;最少量 adj.最低(限度)的;最小的→minimise vt.使减少到最低限度;使显得不重要;使最小化→maximum adj.最大极限的;最高的;最多的
6. vt.吃;喝;饮;消耗→consumption n.(能量、食物或材料的)消耗,消耗量;消费→consumer n.消费者;顾客;用户
exceptional
minimum
consume
7. adj.稳定的;稳重的→stability n.稳定(性);稳固(性)→stably adv.平稳地;坚固地→unstable adj.不稳定的;易变的;变化莫测的
stable
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.relate...to...　　　
2.refer to
3.prior to
4.consist of
5.over an open fire
6.at a minimum
7.go hand in hand
8.slice...off
把……和……联系起来
涉及;提到;参考;谈及
在……之前的
由……组成 (或构成)
在篝火上
在最低程度上;至少
密切关联,相连带
切下
重点句型
1. , what you are.(祈使句+and+陈述句)
告诉我你平时吃什么,我就可以说出你是个什么样的人。
2.For example,America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken, ,
.(非限制性定语从句;过去分词作后置定语)
例如,在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠甜辣鸡”,它是在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱,再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。
Tell me what you eat
and I will tell you
which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,
flavoured with hot red peppers
3.On the other hand, .(强调谓语动词)
不过在另一方面,它确实让我们对美国人有了更多了解。
4. ,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.(形容词和现在分词短语作状语)
又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
it does tell us a lot about Americans
Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese
5.The food was wonderful and different,but
was the friendship that was offered to us.(what引导主语从句)
食物妙不可言、与众不同,但更为重要的是我们所收获的友谊。
what was even more important
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——饮食与文化。
2.语篇类型:一篇分析食物与文化关系的事理说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文通过引用法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚-萨瓦兰的哲理名言,阐释了本文的主要内
容——食物与性格、文化的关系。本文还联系中国各地的特色美食文化,指出文化和美食是相辅相成的,只有亲身体验,才可能真正地深入了解。学习本文,有助于学生了解博大精深的中国饮食文化,坚定文化自信,并帮助学生了解中外特色菜肴及饮食文化差异,深入理解饮食与文化的关系,增强跨文化沟通意识,提高跨文化沟通能力。
多维解读·浅析结构
what
experiences
America
Shandong
Xinjiang
Guangdong and Henan
hand in hand
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.Why does the author cite “You are what you eat.” in Paragraph 1
A.Because he wants to introduce the theme of the passage.
B.Because he wants to persuade people to eat healthy food.
C.Because he wants to show the impact of food on health.
D.Because he wants to prove culture has little to do with cuisine.
A
(　　)2.Why did the author and his family go to a Sichuan restaurant
A.Because they had a special preference for Sichuan cuisine.
B.Because they accepted the recommendation from a friend.
C.Because they hoped to have a taste of Sichuan peppercorns.
D.Because they heard that the chef there had great cooking skills.
(　　)3.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.The brave people often enjoy eating spicy food.
B.We should be brave to taste new kinds of food.
C.People’s personalities are linked to what they eat to some extent.
D.In a sense spicy food will lead to a quarrel.
B
C
(　　)4.What is the author’s opinion about culture and cuisine
A.Cuisine has nothing to do with culture.
B.The foods a person eats can reflect his personality vividly.
C.Culture and cuisine are closely related to each other.
D.Cuisine only shows what people grow or raise in their region.
(　　)5.Where is the passage probably taken from
A.Internet. B.Travel journal.
C.Medical report. D.Magazine about food and culture.
C
D
二次开发·深研课文
Most people today relate the saying “You are what you eat.” to healthy eating.1.　 　　　(actual),it also refers to our personality,character,and culture,2.　　　　 seems to be true in many ways.For example,America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken,which 3.　　　(consist) of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers.It is a Chinese dish 4.　　　　(change) to suit American tastes.It tells us that Americans love bold,simple flavours and that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.Later,I had a chance 5.　　　　　　　(experience) authentic Chinese food in different places.
Actually
which
consists
changed
to experience
I had my first taste of Sichuan peppercorns in a Sichuan restaurant in Beijing.The 6.　　 　　(famous) food in Shandong is pancake rolls which 7.　　　　 　(stuff) with sliced Chinese green onions.People in Xinjiang like boiled or roasted meat.In 8.　 　 word,through food,Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.At a minimum,the
9.　　　　(kind) of food local people consume tell us a lot about the people there.10.　　　　we can say is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand.If you do not experience one,you can never really know the other.
most famous
are stuffed
a
kinds
What
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.prior adj.先前的;优先的
·priority n.优先;优先权;优先事项;最重要的事
·prioritise vt.优先处理;优先考虑
[教材原句] Prior to coming to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
来中国之前,我只在美国接触过中式烹饪,那里的中国食物已被改变,以适应美国人的口味。
例 I now realise that prior to making that decision,I should have considered the long-term consequences rather than just short-term benefits.
我现在意识到,在作那个决定之前,我本应考虑长期后果,而非仅仅关注短期
利益。
例 Compared with traditional fuel-powered cars,electric vehicles are superior to them in terms of energy efficiency and environmental friendliness.
与传统燃油车相比,电动汽车在能效和环保性上优于前者。
归纳拓展
·prior to 在……之前的
·a high/low priority 重点/非重点项目
a top priority 当务之急
take priority over...优先于……
温馨提示
①“在……之前”的其他表达如下:
ahead of 在……之前
in advance 预先;提前
②prior为无比较等级形容词,如果表示“在……之前”,要借助于介词to。与“(be) prior to”结构相似的短语如下:
(be) senior to 比……级别高/年长
(be) junior to 比……级别低/年幼
(be) inferior to 不如……
(be) superior to 超过……;胜过……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Prior to 　 　　　(leave) for France,he has been exposed to various French traditional cultures.
(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Physical health and mental health are the
(prior).
(应用文写作之建议信)对于希望提高学习效率的学生来说,找到一个好的学习小组是当务之急。
Finding a good study group can be 　　　　　　　　　　　　 who want to improve their learning efficiency.
leaving
priority
a top priority for students
他比我小六岁,但在公司里职位比我高。
He 　　　　　　　　by six years,but 　　　 　　　 in the company.
is junior to me
senior to me
2.consist of由……组成(或构成)
[教材原句] For example,America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken,which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers.
例如,在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠甜辣鸡”,它是在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱,再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。
例 Listening is thus an active,not a passive behaviour consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.
因此,听是一种主动的,而不是被动的行为,它包含听、理解和记忆。
例 The strength of our team consists in the good teamwork among us.
我们团队的优势在于我们之间良好的团队合作(氛围)。
例 Her actions are always consistent with her words,which is why we trust her.
她的行为总是与她的言语一致,这就是我们信任她的原因。
归纳拓展
·consist in=lie in存在于;在于
consist with与……一致;并存
·consistent adj.一致的;连续的;始终如一的
be consistent with...与……一致的;相符的
·consistency n.一致性;连贯性
·consistently adv.一贯地;一致地;始终如一地
温馨提示
表示“由……组成”的短语还有“be made up of”“be composed of”“be comprised of”等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Our class 　　 　　(consist) of 45 students is the best one in our school.
(话题写作之语言学习)She 　　 　　(consistent) practises every day when learning a new language,and she makes quick progress.
(应用文写作之活动介绍)昨天艺术中心举办了传统中国画作品展,这次展览包括几十幅我们校友画的作品。
A traditional Chinese painting exhibition 　
　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was held yesterday in the art centre.
consisting
consistently
consisting of/made up of/composed
of/comprised of dozens of works painted by our schoolmates
语境串词
Our class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.Everyone’s words are consistent with their deeds,and they also subscribe to the fact that the true wealth does not consist in what we have,but in what we are.
我们的班级由25名男生和20名女生组成。每个学生都言行一致,他们也都认同“真正的财富不在于我们所拥有的,而在于我们自身的价值”这个事实。
3.exceptional adj.特别的;罕见的;杰出的;优秀的
·except prep.除……之外
·exception n.例外;一般情况以外的人(或事物)
·exceptionally adv.极其,非常;特殊地;例外地
[教材原句] In each place we went,we experienced wonderful local dishes, from Guangdong’s elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan.
我们每到一处,都会品尝当地美食,有广东的精致点心——那是放在竹蒸笼里蒸出来的小份食品——还有河南独特的烩面。
例 In this art competition,her painting stood out with its exceptional creativity and wonderful colour use.
在这次艺术比赛中,她的画作以其特别的创意和绝妙的色彩运用脱颖而出。
例 (应用文写作之通知)Without exception,all applications must be submitted by the end of this month to be considered.
毫无例外,所有申请都必须在本月底前提交,方能予以考虑。
例 I like this book except for the ending which I found a bit disappointing.
我喜欢这本书,除了结局,我觉得结局有点令人失望。
归纳拓展
·except for 除……之外
except that...除了……;只是……
·with the exception of 除……之外;不包括……在内
without/with no exception一律;无一例外
温馨提示
except for表示“除……以外(除去另类的内容)”;except表示“除……之外(不包含在内)”,而besides表示“除……之外(还有)”。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之人物介绍)The teacher was 　　　 　(exceptional) patient with the students who were struggling to understand the concept.
The park is beautiful at any time of the year 　　　　 the exception of winter when it’s quite bare.
Children,　　　　 exception,need love and guidance to develop a healthy sense of self.
exceptionally
with
without
(读后续写之场景描写)电话线另一端一片寂静,只有她的啜泣声。
The line was quiet on the other side 　.
except for her sobbing
4.minimum n.最小值;最少量adj.最低(限度)的;最小的
·minimise/-ze vt.使减少到最低限度;使显得不重要;使最小化
·maximum adj.最大极限的;最高的;最多的
[教材原句] At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region,what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.
当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道他们在该地区种植什么作物,过着怎样的生活,喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。
例 The company promises to pay all full-time staff salaries above the minimum wage set by the local government.
该公司承诺,向所有全职员工支付的工资将高于当地政府规定的最低工资
标准。
例 (应用文写作之建议信)To focus better,you should keep distractions to a minimum while studying.
为了更好地集中注意力,你应该在学习时尽量减少让你分心的事物。
归纳拓展
above/below the minimum 超过/低于最低限度
at a minimum 在最低程度上;至少
keep...to a minimum 把……保持在最低限度
[语境运用] 完成句子
她辞去了之前的工作,因为即便涨过薪,那份薪资在该市依然低于最低标准。
She quit her previous job because the salary,even after a raise,
　　　　　 　　　　　 in the city.
为了保持健康,你每周至少要锻炼三次。
To stay healthy,you should 　.
在小组讨论中,我尽量把我的发言时间控制在最低限度,以便给其他同学更多的发言机会。
In group discussions,I try to to give other classmates more opportunities to speak.
remained
below the minimum
exercise three times a week at a minimum
keep my speaking time to a minimum
5.go hand in hand 密切关联,相连带
[教材原句] What we can say,however,is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand,and if you do not experience one,you can never really know the other.
但是,我们可以确定的是,文化和美食这两者息息相关,如果你没有体验过其中的一个,你就永远无法真正了解另一个。
例 As the saying goes,success and failure always go hand in hand.
俗话说,成功与失败总是密切关联的。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)He stopped to lend a hand when I struggled with groceries—reminding me kindness isn’t big,just willing to act.
我拎着杂货吃力前行时,他停下脚步帮了我一把——这提醒我,善意不分大小,只在于愿意行动。
归纳拓展
hand in hand手拉手
at first hand第一手;亲自
hold sb’s hand (困难时)给某人支持;拉某人一把
lend/give sb a (helping) hand 向某人伸出援助之手,帮某人一把
in hand在手头;可供使用;在掌握中;正在处理中
on the other hand另一方面
[语境运用] 完成句子
(应用文写作之建议信)一方面,我们应该对未来保持乐观(的态度),但另一方面,我们应该作好充分准备。
On the one hand,we should be optimistic about our future,but
　　　　,we should make full preparations.
体育锻炼与心理健康相辅相成,因为定期锻炼可以减少压力并改善心情。
Physical exercise and mental health 　　　　 　　　　,as regular workouts can reduce stress and improve mood.
on the other
hand
go hand in hand
(读后续写之主旨升华)我痛哭时,他紧紧握着我的手——这让我明白,支持从不是响亮的言语,而是一只始终不愿松开的手。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　,letting me know support isn’t loud words,just a hand that won’t let go.
held my hand tightly when I cried
重点句式
do/does/did+动词原形,强调谓语动词
[教材原句] On the other hand,it does tell us a lot about Americans.
不过在另一方面,它确实让我们对美国人有了更多了解。
例 (2025·浙江1月卷)I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive,they do make better decisions.
我一直在尝试这些方法,并且发现当我不那么严格地限制(他们)时,他们确实能作出更好的决策。
例 (2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)After all,I did care about how others would think of me.
毕竟,我确实在意别人怎么看我。
归纳拓展
·“do/does/did+动词原形”结构,用于强调谓语时要注意:
(1)句子是肯定句;
(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时;
·“do/does/did+动词原形”结构只能用来强调谓语动词,若强调主语、宾语、表语、状语等,则应用“It is/was...that/who...”句型进行强调。
[语境运用] 完成句子/翻译句子
众所周知,确实存在一个普遍现象:越来越多的人喜欢用手机拍摄短视频。
As we all know,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that an increasing number of people are fond of filming short videos with their phones.
许多学生确实意识到:小小的努力,也能给有需要的人带来巨大影响。
there does exist a common phenomenon
正是那次失败让我意识到努力的重要性。
Many students did realise that small efforts could make a big difference to
those in need.
It was that failure that made me realise the importance of hard work.
形容词或分词短语作状语
[教材原句] Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
例 Surprised but curious,they decided to take it to the police to find out the truth.
惊讶但又好奇,他们决定把它交给警察来查明真相。
例 She hesitated for a moment,clearly uncomfortable,before speaking up.
她犹豫了片刻,显然有些不自在,然后才开口说话。
[归纳拓展]
[语境运用] 完成句子
莉莉走进教室,脸色苍白又疲惫,一言不发地瘫坐在椅子上。
Lily walked into the classroom,　　　　　　　　　　　　,and collapsed onto her chair without saying a word.
她打开礼盒,又惊又喜,用手捂住嘴不让自己呼喊出声。
She opened the gift box,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,and covered her mouth to hold back her cry.
(读后续写之情感描写)既兴奋又感动,他们泪流满面。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,they were in tears.
pale and tired
surprised and delighted
Excited and moved
长难句分析
[教材原句] At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.
尝试分析:本句是主从复合句,主句主语是the kinds of food,谓语是tell; 为省略关系词that/which的定语从句,修饰先行词the kinds of food; 为三个what引导的宾语从句,作tell的宾语。
自主翻译:当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道他们在该地区种植什么作 物,过着怎样的生活,喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。
[语境运用] 情境写作
至少,人们在节日期间遵循的传统,能告诉我们他们在文化中珍视什么、代代相传的故事是什么,以及他们对未来怀揣着怎样的期望。
At a minimum,the traditions people follow during festivals tell us what they value in their culture,what stories they pass down through generations,and what hopes they hold for the future.
语法微专题3
过去完成时与过去完成时的被动语态
语法原句再现
Prior to coming to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
When my family and I had just arrived in China,we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.
A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend,and finally,we found it.
Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
通过观察可知,上述句子中用了过去完成时或过去完成时的被动语态。
语法知识点拨
一、过去完成时
1.过去完成时的含义。
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或结果,用来指在另一个过去动作之前就已经完成了的事件。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,侧重事情的结果。基本结构为“had+动词过去分词”。
(1)肯定句的结构为“主语+had+动词过去分词+其他.”。
(2025·浙江1月卷)The couple had both gone to work,so it was strange that someone was over there.
这对夫妇都去上班了,所以很奇怪那边居然有人。
(2)否定句的结构为“主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他.”。
(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)One August afternoon,I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding.
8月的一个午后,我坐在厨房里,凝视着一只玻璃花瓶——自婚礼之后,它就再没见过天日。
(3)一般疑问句的结构为“Had +主语+动词过去分词+其他 ”。
肯定回答用“Yes,主语+had.”。
否定回答用“No,主语+hadn’t.”。
—Had you visited here before
——你以前参观过这里吗
—Yes,I had./No,I hadn’t.
——是,我参观过。/没有,我以前没有参观过。
(4)特殊疑问句的结构为“特殊疑问词+had+主语+动词过去分词+其他 ”。
Where had you been before you came here
你来这里之前去了哪里
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
By the time we got a report,the firemen 　　　 　 (put) out the fire already.
The interviewer was interested in the grades I 　　　　 　　 (get) in the exams.
When I got up this morning,I found that the rain 　　　　　　　　(stop) and the sun was shining.
had put
had got
had stopped
2.过去完成时的用法。
(1)表示过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。常和by、before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句连用。
By nine o’clock last night,we had received 200 pictures from the spaceship.
截至昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到宇宙飞船发来的200张图片。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes before a bus finally came.
我在公共汽车站等了20分钟才来了一辆公共汽车。
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for、since构成的时间状语连用。
He told us that he had conducted the scientific research for five years.
他告诉我们他已经进行了5年的科学研究。
(3)用think、want、hope、mean、plan、intend等动词的过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。
I had never thought that you were content to help me.
我从未想过你愿意帮我。
She had meant to tell him the truth yesterday,yet his cold attitude made her hold back.
她昨天本打算告诉他真相,可他冷淡的态度让她退缩了。
(4)过去完成时常常用在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作
之前。
He said that he had known her well.
他说他很了解她。
He realised he had kept the secret to himself since their argument weeks ago.
他意识到,自从几周前他们发生争执以来,他一直将这个秘密藏在心里。
(5)状语从句中,在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,动作发生在前,动词用过去完成时;动作发生在后,动词用一般过去时。状语从句常由when、before、after引导。
When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.
我醒来时,雨已经停了。
温馨提示
在before、after引导的时间状语从句中,由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主句、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主句、从句多用一般过去时。
After he arrived in the UK,he worked hard to improve his English.
到达英国之后,他努力提高自己的英语水平。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
We 　　　　　　　　(mean) to set out before dawn,but the sudden rain forced us to delay.
She told me she 　　　　　　　　(work) as a teacher since she graduated from college.
He 　　　　　　　　 (teach) English for twenty years when he retired.
had meant
had worked
had taught
3.过去完成时的常用固定句型。
(1)在“主语+had hardly/scarcely/no sooner+动词过去分词+when/than从句(从句用一般过去时)”中,当hardly、scarcely、no sooner等表示否定意义的词位于句首时,主句要用倒装结构。
I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.
=No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
我刚到家就下雨了。
(2)It was+一段时间+since从句(从句用过去完成时)。
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有3个月了。
(3)It was the first/second/...time+(that)从句(从句用过去完成时)。
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
(4)主句(过去完成时)+by the time...(一般过去时)。
We had got everything ready by the time they arrived.
在他们到达之前,我们已经作好一切准备了。
(5)主句(过去完成时)+by the end of...(表示过去的时间)。
By the end of last term,we had learnt English at least for four years.
到上个学期末,我们至少已经学习了4年英语。
(6)在“主语+was/were+the+最高级+名词+定语从句”中,从句的谓语动词常常使用过去完成时。
It was the best book I had ever read.
这是我读过的最好的一本书。
(7)在if引导的虚拟条件句中,叙述的内容与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词要用had done。
If I had followed your advice,I wouldn’t have got into trouble.
要是当初听了你的建议,我就不会陷入麻烦了。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
No sooner 　　　　　　　　 (have) the boy spoken these words than his deskmate hit him on the shoulder with a pencil.
By the end of yesterday,we 　　 　　　　　(receive) over 1,000 letters from all over the world.
It was the first time that they 　　　　　　　　 (enjoy) such a wonderful performance.
had
had received
had enjoyed
二、过去完成时的被动语态
1.概念。
过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成,且主语与谓语动词之间是被动关系。
2.构成。
(1)肯定结构:主语+had been done
(2)否定结构:主语+had not been done
3.过去完成时的被动语态的用法。
(1)表示过去某一时间或事件以前已经完成的被动的动作,常与by、before等引导的时间状语连用。
By the time he got to the school,the first lesson had been finished.
当他到达学校时,第一节课已经结束了。
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.
在老师来之前,教室还没有打扫干净。
(2)在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词之后的宾语从句中,若表示过去某一被动动作时,用过去完成时。
The company said the production costs had been reduced.
该公司说,生产成本已经降低。
The media reported that more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.
媒体报道,地震中有1 000多人丧生。
(3)根据语境可以判断出动作先后的被动语态,用过去完成时。
He did what he had been told to.
他按吩咐做了。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
All the film tickets 　　　　　　　　 (sell) out when I got to the cinema.
Yesterday we expressed our congratulations to Tom,who
(elect) chairman of our Students’ Union.
had been sold
had been elected
真题体验
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)We 　　　　　　　 　(decide) on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town,donated what we could,and rented a place to store our supposedly important objects.
had decided
答案及剖析:
1.had decided　考查动词的时态。根据语境可知,decide发生在donate和rent之前,即过去的过去,要用过去完成时。故填had decided。
2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Most famously,a Canadian journalist who 　　　　　　　　(move) her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.
had moved
答案及剖析:
2.had moved　考查动词的时态。根据语境可知,move发生在lead之前,即过去的过去,要用过去完成时。故填had moved。
3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I 　　　 　　　　　(plan) to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference.Due to a big storm,my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.
had planned
答案及剖析:
3.had planned　考查动词的时态。根据后一句的时态并结合句意可知,此处应用过去完成时,表示“本打算”。故填had planned。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.When I got to the party,I realised I 　　　 　(leave) the gift in my office.
2.It was the first time that they 　　　　　 (see) such a romantic film.
3.When she woke up,she found that her barn 　　　 　　　　　 (destroy) by the thunderstorm.
had left
had seen
had been destroyed
4.A local radio said that several eruptions 　　　　　　　　 (take) place in the previous twenty years.
5.Hardly had I　　　　(come) out of the railway station when my parents
　　　　(run) to me and 　　　　(help) me carry my luggage.
had taken
come
ran
helped
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.飞机上坐在我旁边的人很紧张,因为他以前从没乘过飞机。
The person sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous,because
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.他本希望赶上6点半的公共汽车,但发现车已经开走了。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the 6:30 bus,but found it gone.
3.当她意识到她所做的事情时,她的脸红了。
Her face turned red 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
he had never been on a plane before
had hoped to catch
when she realised what she had done
4.一听到我得到允许参加这次活动的消息,我就马上告诉了母亲。
Upon hearing the news that I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,
I informed my mum of it at once.
had been allowed to take part in the activity
Ⅲ.语篇填空
Our school was built at the beginning of the 20th century.Before I studied there,it 1.　　 　　 (be) famous throughout the country.By 1978,the school’s use 2.　　　　　　　　 (change) several times.By the end of last century,our school 3.　　　　　　　　 (become) a provincial model high school.When I graduated,our school 4.　　　　　　　　 (win) many honours both at home and abroad.Before last year’s anniversary of the foundation of our school,all the school buildings 5.　　　　　　　　 (rebuild) and it is now larger and more beautiful than before.
had been
had changed
had become
had won
had been rebuilt

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